From the Ruins of Empire

Index

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Abduh, Mohammed

collaboration with British in Egypt
in Egypt
and liberalism
in Paris
parts with al-Afghani

Abdulaziz, Sultan
Abdulhamid II, Sultan

and al-Afghani
exile
and Japan’s modernization
Ottoman constitution
pan-Islamism

Abdullah Cevdet
Abdulmejid, Sultan
Abdurreshid Ibrahim
Abu Talib Khan, Mirza
Abu-Naddara Zarqa (journal)
al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din

in Afghanistan
anti-imperialism
background
beliefs
on British in India
clothing
‘Despotic Government’
disciples
education for Muslims
in Egypt
expulsion from Egypt
expulsion from Istanbul
expulsion from Persia
grave and tomb
illness and death
in India
Iqbal’s poem
Iranian hero
and Islam
in Istanbul
legacy
liberal religious reform
in London
and the Mahdi
in Moscow
and Muslim backwardness
on Muslim condition
and nationalism
on need for modernization
pan-Islamism
in Paris
parts with Abduh
and Persia
Persian origins
Persian shah’s assassination
Persian suspicions of
private life
reform and the Koran
‘Refutation of the Materialists’
reinterpretation of tradition
Russia and Britain
Sayyid Khan as deluded Westerner
Shariati on
as Sunni Muslim
‘The True Reason for Man’s Happiness’
al-[’A] Urwa al-wuthqa
and Western powers
and women’s rights

Afghanistan

al-Afghani in
al-Afghani’s tomb
British in
communist regime
and global jihad
militant refuge
Second Afghan War

Ahmad Fadzli Beg
Al-e Ahmad, Jalal
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud
Ahmed Vefik
Ajia Gikai (Society for the Asian Cause)
Akbar Illahabadi
al- see second syllable of name
Algeria, French occupation
Ali, Maulana Muhammad
Ali Pasha
Ali Suavi
Arab Spring
Arendt, Hannah
Armenians
Asia

communist ideology
economic growth and inequality
intellectual awakening
liberalism
minorities and the nation-state
modernization
nationalism
pan-Asianism
virtual communities
and Western decline
and Western power over

Asian Solidarity Group
Atatiirk, Mustafa Kemal

background
Japan’s Russo-Japanese victory
in Libya
nation-state of Turkey
and pan-Islamism

Atta, Mohammed
Aung San
Aurobindo Ghose
Awadh province, India

Babism
Balakot, Battle of
al-Banna, Hasan
Baqar, Maulvi
Barakatullah, Maulvi
Bazargan, Mehdi
Beijing Consensus
Bengal
bin Laden, Osama
Blunt, Wilfrid Scawen
Boer War
Bose, Rash Behari
Bose, Subhas Chandra
Boxer Rising
Britain

in Afghanistan
al-Afghani’s distrust
and China
conquests in Asia
hatred of
in India
and Japan
Opium Wars with China
Royal Navy
Sykes-Picot Agreement

Buddhism

in China
from India to Japan
shared legacy

Burke, Edmund
Burma
al-Bustani, Butrus

Cahid, Hüseyin
Chatterji, Bankim Chandra
Chen Duxiu
Chiang Kai-shek
China

anti-Manchuists
army modernization
Boxer Rising
and Britain
Buddhism
civil service exams
civil war
Communist Party
Confucianism see Confucianism
cultural heritage
early Western contact limited
economic policy
economic strength
education
environmental issues
exiles in Japan
in First World War
foreign debts
Great Leap Forward
Hong Kong
Hundred Day reforms
India viewed as lost country
inequality in
Korean war
Mao regime
Marxism-Leninism
May Fourth Movement/New Culture
Middle Kingdom
modernization
Nationalist Party (Guomindang)
New Youth magazine
opium trade
Opium Wars
Paris Peace Conference
political reform theories
Qing Empire decline
radical nationalism
railways
revolution (1911)
rural population
Shandong annexation
Sino-Japanese war
Social Darwinist struggle
Summer Palace destruction
Tagore’s visit
US Open Door policy
warlords
Western science
worker-students in France
see also Kang Youwei; Liang Qichao

Churchill, Randolph
Cixi, Dowager Empress
Clemenceau, Georges
colonialism

see also Paris Peace Conference

Flaubert, Gustave
Foucault, Michel
France

Chinese territory
conquest of Egypt
French Revolution
invasion of Vietnam
Muslim opinion of
post-Revolution
republicanism
Summer Palace plunder
Sykes-Picot Agreement
work-study programme for Chinese

Freemasonry
French Indochina
Fuad Pasha
Fukuzawa Yukichi

Gandhi, Mohandas

and the caliphate
Declaration of Indian Independence
early career
‘Hind Swaraj’
Japan’s Russo-Japanese victory
materialism and war
and popular religiosity
Satyagraha
and Tagore
and Western modernity

George III, King
Gerbrandy, Per
Germany
Ghalib
gharbzadegi (Westoxification)
Ghose, Aurobindo see Aurobindo Ghose
globalization
Gobineau, Arthur
Gökalp, Ziya
Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere
Greater East Asian Congress
Greece, and Western Anatolia
Guangxu, Emperor
Guizot, François

Hali, Altaf Husain
Hamid, Mohsin, The Reluctant Fundamentalist
Haykal, Muhammad
Hearn, Lafcadio
Ho Chi Minh
Hong Kong
Hoover, Herbert
Howe, Irving
Hu Shi
Huang Zunxian
Huntington, Samuel, Political Order in Changing Societies
Husayn, Taha

Ibn Battuta
Ibrahim, Abdurreshid see Abdurreshid Ibrahim
Ibrahim bin Haji Yaacob
Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism (Lenin)
India

Amritsar massacre
Anglophone Muslims
Awadh province
Bengal
British rule
China’s view of
communist militancy
culture
Delhi
East India Company
education of Muslims
Europeanization
in First World War
Hindu modernization
Hindu nationalists
Hindu officials
Hindu scientific heritage
independence
Indian Mutiny
Indian National Congress
inequality in
nationalism
nationalists in Japan
opium exports
Paris Peace Conference
Swadeshi militants
Western civilization criticized

Indian Sociologist, The (magazine)
Indochina
Indonesia

Communist Party
democracy
independence
nationalist party
in Second World War

internet images
Iqbal, Muhammad
Iran

Anglo-American coup
gharbzadegi (Westoxification)
Iran-Iraq war
Islamic Revolution
oil industry
Pahlavi regime
political exiles
populist nationalism
Shiite Islam
US embassy siege
White Revolution
see also Persia

Iraq
Isfahani, Mirza Nasrallah
Ishaq, Adib
Islam

and al-Afghani
appeal to Western Muslims
classical age
jurisprudence (fiqh)
and liberalism
and the Mahdi
and modernization
Muslim Brotherhood
Napoleon in Egypt
nostalgia for
Qutb’s views on
reform and the Koran
rise of militant groups
Salafism
and science
Shiite Islam
Sunni radicals
umma
universalizing ideology
in urban centres
Wahhabi Islam
Western domination
see also pan-Islamism

Islamic Fraternity The (journal)
Ismail, Khedive of Egypt
Israel
Istanbul
Italy, in Libya
Ito Hirobumi
al-Jabarti, [’A]bd al-Rahman
Jahangir, Emperor
James I, King
Japan

anti-Americanism
Asian nationalists in
Asian Solidarity Group
Battle of Tsushima success
Black Dragons (Amur River Society)
and Britain
and China
Chinese intellectuals in
Dutch contacts
economy
and European subordination
imperialism
Indian militants in
and League of Nations
Meiji Restoration
modernization
nationalism
and Ottoman Empire
and pan-Asianism
and Paris Peace Conference
Russo-Japanese war
in Second World War
Shandong annexation
Shinto
Sino-Japanese war
and US
Western trading concessions

Kakuzo Okakura
Kamil, Mustafa
Kang Youwei

activism
Book of the Great Community
in Canada
civil service exams
and Confucianism
death
Hundred Day reforms
in India
in Japan
and Treaty of Shimonoseki
urgency of reforms
Zhang’s attack

Katkov, Mikhail Nikiforovich
Kato Hiroyuki
Kemal, Namik
Kermani, Mirza Reza
Khamenei, Sayyid Ali
Khan, Sir Sayyid Ahmed
Khatami, Sayyid Muhammad
Khayr al-Din
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah
Kipling, Rudyard
Koran
Korea

Lane-Poole, Stanley
Lascelles, Frank
League of Nations
Lebanon
Lee Kuan Yew
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich
Lewis, Bernard
Li Dazhao
Li Hongzhang
Liang Qichao

autocracy a necessity
background
and capitalism
China’s vulnerability
civil service exams
and Confucian ideals
death
on decline of Qing Empire
and democracy
European knowledge
fund-raising tours
history of lost (wangguo) countries
Hundred Day reforms
in Japan
journalism
legacy
and morality
nationalism
and New Culture movement
Paris Peace Conference
and the Philippines
political career
and political reform
Social Darwinist struggle
on socialism for China
students
and Tagore
in US and Canada
Western decline
Western science
Western subjugation

Liang Shuming
Liaotung Peninsula
liberalism
Libya
Lin Zexu
Liu Shipei
Lloyd George, David
Loti, Pierre
Lu Xun
Lumumba, Patrice

Ma Junqu
Macartney, Lord
Macaulay, Lord
Magdi, Salih
al-Maghribi, Abd al-Qadir
Mahdi, the
Mahmud II, Sultan
Makino Nobuaki
Malay states
Malaya
Malraux, André
al-Manar (periodical)
Manchuria
Mao Dun
Mao Zedong

and Chinese peasants
civil war
and communism
Confucian beliefs
education
failures of Paris Peace Conference
Japan’s Russo-Japanese victory
need for China’s transformation

Marxism
Mawdudi, Abul Ala
Mencius
Milestones (Qutb)
Min Bao (journal)
Misr (newspaper)
Miyazaki Toraz

Mossadegh, Mohammad
Motahhari, Morteza
Mughal Empire
Muhammad Ali, viceroy of Egypt
Mukhopadhyay, Bhudev
Muslim Brotherhood
Muslims

al-Afghani’s reasons for backwardness
dislike of the West
education
effect of Indian Mutiny on
in Istanbul
population increase
see also Islam

Mustafa III, Sultan
Mustafa Kemal see Atatiirk, Mustafa Kemal
Mustapha, Haji
Mustapha Hussain
al-Mutakallimin, Malik
al-Muwaylihi, Ibrahim

al-Nadim, Abdallah
Nagai Ry

tar

Nanjing, Treaty of (1842)
Napoleon I, Emperor
Napoleon III, Emperor
al-Naqqsh, Salim
Naser al-Din, shah of Persia
Nasser, Gamal Abdel
nationalism

and al-Afghani
Asia
China
Egypt
fostered by Second World War
India
Iran
and Islam
Japan
and Liang
and minorities
Persia

Natsume Soseki
Nazir Ahmed
Nehru, Jawaharlal
Netherlands, and Japan
New Youth (magazine)
Nguyen Ai Quoc see Ho Chi Minh
Nietzsche, Friedrich
9/11 attacks
Non-Aligned Movement

Okawa Sh

mei
Opium Wars
Ottama, U
Ottoman Empire

and Armenians
army reforms
Capitulations
constitution
cosmopolitan nature
decline
dissolution
Europeanization
and the fez
in First World War
and Japan
millet system
need for reform
and pan-Islamism
private schools
Sykes-Picot Agreement
Tanzimat reforms
Western interference
Young Ottomans
see also Abdulhamid II, Sultan

Ou Jujia

Pahlavi, Reza, shah of Iran
Pak, General
Pakistan
Palestine
Pall Mall Gazette
Palmerston, Lord
Pamuk, Orhan
pan-Asianism
pan-Islamism

advocated by al-Afghani
and Atatiirk
early signs of
and Ottoman Empire
Turkey an impractical leader for

Paris Peace Conference
Perry, Commodore Matthew
Persia

and al-Afghani
al-Afghani’s origins
Anglo-Persian agreement
British warfare
European concessions
First World War occupation
modernization
Shah’s assassination
Shiite Islam
Shiite nationalism
tobacco protest
undeveloped economy
see also Iran; Naser al-Din, shah of Persia

Phan Boi Chau
Philippines
Port Arthur

al-Qaeda
Qasim Amin
Qianlong, Emperor
Qing Empire

decline
see also China

Qu Qiubai
Qutb, Sayyid

Rai, Lala Lajpat
Ram Mohun Roy
Reluctant Fundamentalist, The (Hamid)
Renan, Ernest
Reuter, Baron
Rida, Rashid
Riyad Pasha
Riza, Ahmed
Rizal, José
Roe, Sir Thomas
Roosevelt, Theodore
Royal Navy
Ruhi, Shaikh Ahmad
Russell, Bertrand
Russell, William Howard
Russia

Battle of Tsushima defeat
Russo-Japanese war
Russo-Turkish War
see also Soviet Union

Salafism
Sanua, James
al-Sanusi, Ahmad al-Sharif
Sarkar, Benoy Kumar
Sartre, Jean-Paul
Saudi Arabia
science
Second World War
Septemberattacks
Sharar, Abdul Halim
Shariati, Ali
al-Sharqawi, Abdullah
Sher Ali
Shirazi, Mirza Hasan
Singapore
Singh, Gadhadar
Social Darwinist struggle
socialism
Soh

see Tokutomi Soh

Soroush, Abdolkarim
South Africa
Soviet Union