The majority of the interviews referenced below were completed specifically for this book. Others were simultaneously conducted for articles that were published in The Walrus, the Globe and Mail, The Economist, enRoute, Canadian Business, Ottawa Magazine, Spacing, Cottage Life and explore, where portions of the book have appeared.
PROLOGUE
“Perhaps walking is best imagined”: Rebecca Solnit, Wanderlust: A History of Walking (Penguin, 2001), 250.
“I walk in order to somatically medicate myself”: Will Self, “Leaving His Footprints on the City,” New York Times, 23 March 2012.
“Mediated boredom”: Evgeny Morozov, “Only Disconnect,” The New Yorker, 28 October 2013.
“[A] state in which the mind, the body, and the world are aligned,” Solnit, Wanderlust, 5.
“French philosopher Frédéric Gros”: Frédéric Gros, A Philosophy of Walking (Verso, 2014).
“British author Nick Hunt”: Nick Hunt, Walking the Woods and the Water: In Patrick Leigh Fermor’s Footsteps From the Hook of Holland to the Golden Horn (Nicholas Brealey, 2014).
“Historian Matthew Algeo”: Matthew Algeo, Pedestrianism: When Watching People Walk Was America’s Favorite Spectator Sport (Chicago Review Press, 2014).
“Naturalist Trevor Herriot”: Trevor Herriot, The Road Is How: A Prairie Pilgrimage Through Nature, Desire and Soul (HarperCollins Canada, 2014).
1: BODY
Interviews with Stanley Vollant and other Innu Meshkenu walk participants, February and March 2013, between Manawan, QC, and Rapid Lake, QC.
“Canada’s 1.4 million Aboriginal people”: www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-011-x/99-011-x2011001-eng.cfm.
“Aboriginal men and women die an average”: Statistics Canada, Life Expectancy, www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-645-x/2010001/life-expectancy-esperance-vie-eng.htm.
“Infant mortality rate”: Assembly of First Nations, “Fact Sheet — Quality of Life of First Nations,” June 2011, www.afn.ca/uploads/files/factsheets/quality_of_life_final_fe.pdf.
“Chronic medical condition”: Health Canada, First Nations and Inuit Health, www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fniah-spnia/diseases-maladies/index-eng.php.
“First Nations children … overweight or obese”: Public Health Agency of Canada, Obesity in Canada — Snapshot, www .phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/2009/oc/index-eng.php.
“A full-blown crisis”: Heart and Stroke Foundation, “A perfect storm of heart disease looming on our horizon,” 25 January 2010, www.heartandstroke.com/atf/cf/{99452D8B-E7F1-4BD6-A57D-B136CE6C95BF}/Jan23_EN_ReportCard.pdf.
“Statistics on … incarceration”: Office of the Correctional Investigator, Annual Report 2012–2013, www.oci-bec.gc.ca/cnt/rpt/annrpt/annrpt20122013-eng.aspx.
“Most common cause of death”: Health Canada, First Nations & Inuit Health, www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fniah-spnia/promotion/mental/index-eng.php.
“Youngest and fastest-growing demographic group”: Statistics Canada, Aboriginal Peoples in Canada, www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-011-x/99-011-x2011001-eng.cfm.
“Indian Time”: Duncan McCue, Reporting in Indigenous Communities, www.riic.ca/the-guide/in-the-field/indian-time/.
Interviews with Jean-Charles Fortin, February and March 2013, between Manawan, QC, and Rapid Lake, QC.
“Americans are in the habit”: Jeff Speck, Walkable City: How Downtown Can Save America, One Step at a Time (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), 101.
“A pedometer study”: Tom Vanderbilt, “The Crisis in American Walking,” Slate, 10 April 2012, www.slate.com/articles/life/walking/2012/04/why_don_t_americans_walk_more_the_crisis_of_pedestrianism_.html.
“The decline of walking”: Vanderbilt, “The Crisis in American Walking.”
Tom Vanderbilt, Traffic: Why We Drive the Way We Do (and What It Says About Us) (Vintage, 2008).
“London physiologist Richard Doll”: Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill, “Smoking and Carcinoma of the Lung: Preliminary Report,” British Medical Journal 2 (30 September 1950): 739–748.
“British health minister Iain Macleod”: The National Archives, The Cabinet Papers 1915–1984, www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/themes/one-page.htm.
“London doctor Jerry Morris”: Simon Kuper, “The Man Who Invented Exercise,” FT Magazine, 12 September 2009, www .ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/e6ff90ea-9da2-11de-9f4a-00144feabdc0 .html#axzz3E3QFLQUS.
“Coronary Heart-Disease and Physical Activity of Work,” Jerry Morris, The Lancet 262, no. 6795 (November 1953): 1053–1057.
“Upright ambulation”: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, humanorigins.si.edu/human-characteristics/walking; and Erin Wayman, “Becoming Human,” Smithsonian, 6 August 2012, www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/becoming-human-the-evolution-of-walking-upright-13837658/?no-ist.
“Using a stiff leg”: Jennifer Ackerman, “The Downside of Upright,” National Geographic, July 2006.
“The Brain from Top to Bottom”: thebrain.mcgill.ca.
“Narrow birth canals”: Ackerman, “The Downside of Upright.”
“A lot of basic movements”: Peter Tyson, “Our Improbably Ability to Walk,” NOVA, 20 September 2012, www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/our-ability-to-walk.html.
“Walking upright … made our species smarter”: Richard Shine and James Shine, “Delegation to automaticity: the driving force for cognitive evolution?” Frontiers in Neuroscience 8, no. 90 (29 April 2014).
“Evolutionary compromises”: Ackerman, “The Downside of Upright.”
“University College London … meta-analysis of walking research”: Harvard Health Publications, Harvard Medical School, “Walking: Your steps to health,” August 2009, www.health.harvard.edu/newsletters/Harvard_Mens_Health_Watch/2009/August/Walking-Your-steps-to-health.
“Emma Wilmot of the University of Leicester”: Emma Wilmot et al., “Sedentary time in adults and the association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death: systematic review and meta-analysis,” Diabetologia 55, no. 11 (14 August 2012): 2895–2905.
“These are sobering numbers”: André Picard, “Why the sedentary life is killing us,” Globe and Mail, 15 October 2012.
Interview with Michael Evans, telephone, April 2013.
Interview with Michael Vallis, telephone, April 2013.
“Globally, the number of overweight and obese people soared”: “Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013,” The Lancet 384, no. 9945 (30 August 2014): 766–781.
“Forest bathing”: Florence Williams, “Take Two Hours of Pine Forest and Call Me in the Morning,” Outside, December 2012.
“Shinrin-yoku, a term introduced”: Yoshifumi Miyazaki et al., “The physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the forest atmosphere or forest bathing): evidence from field experiments in 24 forests across Japan,” Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 15, no. 1 (January 2010): 18–26.
“The presence of phytoncides”: Yoshifumi Miyazaki, Qing Li et al., “Phytoncides (wood essential oils) induce human natural killer cell activity,” Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 28, no. 2 (February 2006): 313–333.
“Mice kept in a fragrant environment … reduced melanoma growth”: M. Kusuhara et al., “Fragrant environment with α-pinene decreases tumor growth in mice,” Biomedical Research 33, no. 1 (24 February 2012): 57–61.
“Middle-aged Japanese businessmen”: Qing Li, “Effect of forest bathing trips on human immune function,” Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 15, no. 1 (January 2010): 9–17.
“It’s like a miracle drug”: Williams, “Take Two Hours.”
“All human physiological functions”: Yoshifumi Miyazaki et al., “Physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the atmosphere of the forest) using salivary cortisol and cerebral activity as indicators,” Journal of Physiological Anthropology 26, no. 2 (February 2007): 123–128.
Interview with Margaret MacNeill, Toronto, April 2013.
Interviews at Toronto’s Challenging Environment Assessment Laboratory, November 2013.
“Sleep apnea”: Harvard Medical School, “The Price of Fatigue: The surprising economic costs of unmanaged sleep apnea,” December 2010.
“The price we pay for falling”: The iDAPT Centre, www.idapt.com/index.php/labs-services/research-labs/ceal-labs/stairlab.
“One in three people over 65 falls every year in Canada”: Vicky Scott, Lori Wagar and Sarah Elliott, “Falls and Related Injuries among Older Canadians,” Public Health Agency of Canada, 30 April 2010, www.hiphealth.ca/media/research_cemfia_phac_epi_and_inventor_20100610.pdf.
Interview with Amanda Boxtel, telephone, November 2013.
“Second most significant gadget of 2010”: Gadget Lab Staff, Wired, December 2012, www.wired.com/2010/12/top-tech-2010.
“Ask any wheelchair user”: Red Nicholson, “Why the obsession with walking?” Attitude Live, 5 June 2014, attitudelive.com/blog/red-nicholson/opinion-why-obsession-walking.
2: MIND
“Right now, we are deciding”: Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History (Henry Holt and Co., 2014).
“I know of no thought so burdensome”: Søren Kierkegaard, letter to his niece Henriette Lund, 1847, quoted in Kierkegaard: The Indirect Communication, Roger Poole (University of Virginia Press, 1993), 172.
“Scotland has the lowest life expectancy”: Office for National Statistics, 16 April 2014, www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-354758.
“The Glasgow effect”: Glasgow Centre for Population Health, “Investigating a ‘Glasgow Effect,’” April 2010, www.gcph.co.uk/publications/61_investigating_a_glasgow_effect.
“Scottish Health Survey”: Office for National Statistics, “The Scottish Health Survey: The Glasgow Effect,” November 2010, www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/330419/0107211.pdf.
“Just make a bloody start”: Ali Muriel, “Mystery of Glasgow’s health problems,” The Guardian, 6 November 2012, www.theguardian.com/society/2012/nov/06/mystery-glasgow-health-problems.
“I had not walked farther than the golf house”: Carl Lira, “Biography of James Watt,” www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html.
“The start of the Anthropocene”: Lee Billings, “Embracing the Anthropocene,” Seed, 19 March 2010, seedmagazine.com/content/article/embracing_the_anthropocene.
Interviews with participants in the Paths for All/Scottish National Heath Service health walk program, Glasgow, July 2013.
“Persistent loneliness”: Mental Health Foundation, “The Lonely Society?” 2010, www.mentalhealth.org.uk/content/assets/PDF/publications/the_lonely_society_report.pdf.
“Social return on investment analysis”: Paths for All, “Glasgow Health Walks: Social Return on Investment Analysis,” July 2013, www.pathsforall.org.uk/sroi.
“With good company”: Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, “Walking: Still Our Best Medicine,” 20 April 2006, www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/psychosocial/walking.html.
“Walking could help forestall brain shrinkage”: Alan Gow et al., “Neuroprotective lifestyles and the aging brain,” Neurology 79, no. 17 (23 October 2012): 1802–1808.
“A healthy brain can slow the progression”: Kirk Erickson, “Physical activity predicts gray matter volume in late adulthood,” Neurology 75, no. 16 (19 October 2010): 1415–1422.
“An estimated 5.2 million Americans had Alzheimer’s”: The Alzheimer’s Association, Facts and Figures, www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_facts_and_figures.asp#quickFacts.
Interview with Rich Mitchell, Glasgow, August 2013.
“Regular exercise in a park or forest may halve your risk”: Richard Mitchell, “Is physical activity in natural environments better for mental health than physical activity in other environments?” Social Science & Medicine 91 (August 2012): 130–134.
“The social determinants of health”: World Health Organization, “The Solid Facts,” 2003, www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/98438/e81384.pdf.
“View Through a Window”: Roger Ulrich, “View Through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery,” Science 224, (1984): 420–421.
“Attention Restoration Theory”: Rachel Kaplan and Stephen Kaplan, The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective (Cambridge University Press, 1989).
“All fascinations are not equally effective”: Rachel Kaplan, Stephen Kaplan and Robert Ryan, With People in Mind: Design and Management of Everyday Nature (Island Press, 1998), 18.
“Another American psychologist, Terry Hartig”: Terry Hartig et al., “Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings,” Journal of Environmental Psychology 23, no. 2 (June 2003): 109–123.
“The less vigorous activity of walking”: Roma Robertson et al., “Walking for depression or depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Mental Health and Physical Activity 5, no. 1 (June 2012): 66–75.
“Green space can reduce stress”: Richard Mitchell et al., “More green space is linked to less stress in deprived communities: Evidence from salivary cortisol patterns,” Landscape and Urban Planning 105, no. 3 (April 2012): 221–229.
“Woods In and Around Towns”: Richard Mitchell et al., “How effective is the Forestry Commission Scotland’s woodland improvement programme … at improving psychological well-being in deprived urban communities?” BMJ Open, August 2013.
Interview with Sean Gobin, telephone, October 2013, and information from warriorhike.com.
“The risk of exposure to trauma”: Matthew Friedman, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, PTSD History and Overview, www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/PTSD-overview/ptsd-overview .asp.
“Distance changes utterly when you take the world on foot”: Bill Bryson, A Walk in the Woods: Rediscovering America on the Appalachian Trail (Doubleday, 1996).
Interviews with Shauna Joye and Zachary Dietrich, telephone, December 2013.
“More than 350 million people globally suffer from depression”: World Health Organization, October 2012, www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/en.
“Preventing depression … a question of movement”: Sarah Goodyear, “How Simple Physical Activity Could Stave Off Depression,” CityLab, 13 February 2014, www.citylab.com/commute/2014/02/how-simple-physical-activity-could-stave-depression/8398.
“Inactive mice are more anxious”: Timothy Schoenfeld et al., “Physical exercise prevents stress-induced activation of granule neurons and enhances local inhibitory mechanisms in the dentate gyrus,” Journal of Neuroscience 33, no. 18 (May 2013): 7770–7777.
“Walking is the cheapest and easiest way to get relief from depression”: The Walking Revolution, everybodywalk.org/documentary
Interview with Mark Norwine, telephone, February 2014.
“Duke University neuroscientist James Blumenthal”: James Blumenthal et al., “Exercise Treatment for Major Depression: Maintenance of Therapeutic Benefit at 10 Months,” Psychosomatic Medicine 62, no. 5 (September/October 2000): 633–638.
Interview with Chuck Hillman, telephone, September 2013.
“A single 20-minute bout of exercise”: Chuck Hillman et al., “The Effect of Acute Treadmill Walking on Cognitive Control and Academic Achievement in Preadolescent Children,” Neuroscience 159, no. 3 (March 2009): 1044–1054.
“Children … diagnosed with ADHD”: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ADHD Data & Statistics, www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html.
“Pharmaceutical companies earned nearly $9 billion” and “psychologist Keith Connors”: Alan Schwarz, “The Selling of Attention Deficit Disorder,” New York Times, 14 December 2013.
“Something this simple could help wean us off Ritalin”: Gordon Rayner, “Walking to school ‘could help reduce need for ADHD drugs,’” The Telegraph, 26 September 2013.
“Chronic stress leads to inactivity”: William Bird, “Combatting NCDs — Time to Get Moving,” The Economist, 18 November 2013.
“A brief epidemic of hysterical fugue”: Ian Hacking, Mad Travelers: Reflections on the Reality of Transient Mental Illnesses (University of Virginia Press, 1998).
“Nearly 30 percent of Europe’s adult population”: H.U. Wittchen et al., “The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010,” European Neuropsychopharmacology 21, no. 9 (September 2011): 655–679.
3: SOCIETY
“The city is seen as serving a democratic function”: Jan Gehl, Cities for People (Island Press, 2010), 109.
“If there is any way of seeing less of a country”: Eric Newby, A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush (Secker and Warburg, 1958).
“Walker looked over his left shoulder”: youtu.be/KJdK7PMVaB8.
Interviews with Philadelphia police officers and residents in the 22nd District, Philadelphia, June 2013.
“Being human is itself difficult”: Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (Vintage, 1961), 447.
“The way you travel around a city impacts your impressions”: Birgitta Gatersleben et al., “Hoody, goody or buddy? How travel mode affects social perceptions in urban neighbourhoods,” Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 21 (November 2013): 219–230.
“Existential reassurance”: Tim Kreider, “The ‘Busy’ Trap,” New York Times, 30 June 2012.
“The city’s murder capital”: Philadelphia Police Department, “Murder/Shooting Analysis, 2013” www.phillypolice.com/assets/crime-maps-stats/HomicideReport-2013.pdf, 3.
“You stand on the corner, you fighting”: Daniel Denvir, Samantha Melamed and Eric Schneider, “Dispatches from Killadelphia,” Philadelphia City Paper, 26 September 2013.
“The 331 homicides committed in Philadelphia”: Philadelphia Police Department, “Murder/Shooting Analysis, 2013.”
“Manage the social conflict”: George L. Kelling, “Juveniles and Police: The End of the Nightstick,” From Children to Citizens, Vol. II: The Role of the Juvenile Court, ed. Francis X. Hartmann (Springer-Verlag, 1987).
“At first, all officers walked their beats in Philly”: Howard O. Sprogle, Philadelphia Police, Past and Present (LBS Archival Products, 1992).
“I’ve always had a theory”: Shaila Dewan, “As Gas Prices Rise, Police Turn to Foot Patrols,” New York Times, 20 July 2008.
“Newark Foot Patrol Experiment”: Police Foundation, 1981, www.policefoundation.org/content/newark-foot-patrol-experiment-report.
“Foot patrol … had been pretty much discredited”: George L. Kelling and James Q. Wilson, “Broken Windows,” The Atlantic, March 1982.
Interview with Jerry Ratcliffe, telephone, June 2013.
“Philadelphia Foot Patrol Experiment”: Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, www.temple.edu/cj/footpatrolproject.
“In a rough part of Rotterdam”: “The Neighbourhood Takes Charge,” www.rotterdam.nl/factsheet_neigbourhood_takes _charge_project and www.huffingtonpost.ca/jon-packer/urban-crime_b_4959466.html.
Interview with Matt Green, Harlem, June 2013.
“To tear down all the generalizations”: Matt Green, “Why I’m Walking Every Single Block in New York City,” Good, 24 March 2013, magazine.good.is/articles/why-i-m-walking-every-single-block-in-new-york-city and imjustwalkin.com/nyc-details.
“Waves of immigration and gentrification”: William B. Helmreich, The New York Nobody Knows (Princeton University Press, 2013).
“When we think about cities,” Matt Green at TEDxDumbo, 13 October 2012, youtu.be/XlR4fVGI39s.
“The enterprise and adventure of the day”: Henry David Thoreau, “Walking,” Atlantic Monthly, June 1862.
“The pedestrian is nobody in this city”: Nicholas Casey, “A Very Pedestrian Superhero Grapples With Mexico City Traffic,” Wall Street Journal, 29 May 2013.
“About 270,000 pedestrians are killed by motor vehicles”: World Health Organization, “Global Status Report on road Safety 2013,” www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2013/en.
“More than 47,000 pedestrians were killed on American streets”: Smart Growth America, “Dangerous by Design 2014,” www .smartgrowthamerica.org/research/dangerous-by-design/dbd2014/national-overview.
“Distracted driving … 1.6 million accidents”: National Safety Council, www.nsc.org/Pages/NSCestimates16million crashescausedbydriversusingcellphonesandtexting.aspx.
“Everyone knows to look left and right”: “Phones put pedestrians in a fog,” Consumer Reports, August 2012.
“Texting while walking not only distorts the flow of sensory information”: Siobhan Schabrun et al., “Texting and Walking: Strategies for Postural Control and Implications for Safety,” PLUS ONE 9 (January 2014).
“Disdain toward walking”: Tom Vanderbilt, “The Crisis in American Walking.”
“As far back as the 14th century BC”: Leigh Gallagher, The End of the Suburbs: Where the American Dream Is Moving (Portfolio/Penguin, 2013).
“Dispersed cities were a capitalist’s dream”: Charles Montgomery, Happy City: Transforming Our Lives Through Urban Design (Doubleday, 2013).
“Rates of diabetes among baby boomers”: interview with Dr. Michael Evans, telephone, April 2013.
“The farther people commute”: Montgomery, Happy City.
“The social impact of commuting”: Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (Simon & Schuster, 2000), 213.
“A global, total obesity”: Jeff Speck, Walkable City: How Downtown Can Save America, One Step at a Time (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), 101–102.
“Urban population growth … outpaced suburban growth”: Leigh Gallagher, “The End of the Suburbs,” Time, 31 July 2013.
“Sprawl subsidy”: Naheed Nenshi, youtu.be/Eqszj5IYlV4.
“Death and injury on city streets”: City of New York, “Vision Zero Action Plan 2014,” www.nyc.gov/html/visionzero/pdf/nyc -vision-zero-action-plan.pdf.
“Copenhagen’s 40-year-long evolution”: Jan Gehl, Cities for People (Island Press, 2010).
“The book is a call to arms”: Speck, Walkable City.
“People, this is Los Angeles”: David Hochman, “Hollywood’s New Stars: Pedestrians,” New York Times, 16 August 2013.
“Annual quality-of-living survey”: International HR Adviser, www .internationalhradviser.co.uk/storage/downloads/2012%20Quality%20Of%20Living%20Worldwide%20City%20Rankings%20Survey.pdf.
“A comforting signal that people are nearby”: Gehl, Cities for People, 99.
“Limit parking and require density”: Donald Shoup, The High Cost of Free Parking (Planners Press, 2005).
“In one of the first research projects of its kind”: Jane Farrow and Paul Hess, “Walkability in Toronto’s High-Rise Neighbourhoods,” Cities Centre, University of Toronto, 2010.
“Walking environments are not simply routes from A to B”: “Walkability in Toronto’s High-Rise Neighbourhoods,” 5.
“Women’s walking is often construed as performance”: Solnit, Wanderlust, 234.
“A video that went viral”: youtu.be/b1XGPvbWn0A.
“Nearly half of all women are afraid of walking alone at night”: General Social Survey, 1972–2012, National Opinion Research Center, www3.norc.org/gss+website.
“A poem by John Morse”: www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/curbside-haiku-sample.pdf.
“Not one of those kids”: Associated Press, “Chicago Homicides Down Drastically in 2013 to Fewest Murders Since 1965, Police Say,” 1 February 2014, www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/02/chicago-homicides-down-dr_n_4531328.html.
4: ECONOMY
“In exchange for profit and speed”: Melanie Mackenzie, “Canada Post wants to eliminate my job as a letter carrier. Here’s why you should care,” The Coast, 19 December 2013.
“All the fancy economic development strategies”: Christopher Leinberger, The Option of Urbanism: Investing in a New American Dream (Island Press, 2009), 170.
Interview with Christine Murray, Ottawa, November 2013.
“Benign symbol of the larger web of governance”: “Post Office Symbolism,” New York Times, 23 July 2003.
“Pen-named postie”: Bill Walker, “The Last Post?” The Walrus, May 2012.
“Facing a 25 percent decrease in mail volume”: The Conference Board of Canada, “The Future of Postal Service in Canada,” April 2013.
“The corporation made a profit”: “Canada Post: Mail volume, costs, and other quick facts,” CBC News, 11 December 2013, www.cbc.ca/m/touch/news/story/1.2459693.
“The United States Postal Service”: USPS, “A decade of facts and figures,” about.usps.com/who-we-are/postal-facts/decade-of-facts-and-figures.htm.
“Royal Mail posted a pre-tax profit”: Ian Walker, “Royal Mail Posts Strong Profit Growth in First Annual Results Since IPO,” Wall Street Journal, 22 May 2014.
“The world’s largest online retailer”: “Amazon Booms in 2013 with $74.45 Billion in Revenue,” 30 January 2014, www.digitalbook world.com/2014/amazon-booms-in-2013-with-74-45-billion-in-revenue.
“You’re sort of like a robot”: Sarah O’Connor, “Amazon Unpacked,” FT Magazine, 8 February 2013, www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/ed6a985c-70bd-11e2-85d0-00144feab49a.html#slide0.
“A call for insider stories”: Hamilton Nolan, “True Stories of Life as an Amazon Worker,” Gawker, 2 August 2013, gawker.com/true-stories-of-life-as-an-amazon-worker-1002568208.
“The blue-collar British town of Rugeley”: O’Connor, “Amazon Unpacked.”
“Walking levels fell 66 percent”: Alliance for Biking & Walking, “Bicycling and Walking in the United States, 2012 Benchmarking Report,” 2012, www.bikewalkalliance.org/resources/benchmarking#previousreports.
“The cost of obese and overweight citizens”: Society of Actuaries/Committee on Life Insurance Research, “Obesity and Its Relation to Mortality and Morbidity Costs,” December 2010.
“Let’s go retro, folks”: U.S. Surgeon General Boris Lushniak, Washington Post Health Beyond Health Care Forum, 18 June 2014, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-live/wp/2014/06/24/surgeon-general-walking-and-cooking-are-your-patriotic-duties.
“As economic recession has hit almost every level of our society”: Alliance for Biking & Walking, “Bicycling and Walking,” 174.
“Transportation infrastructure work in Baltimore”: Heidi Garrett-Peltier, Political Economy Research Institute University of Massachusetts, “Estimating the employment impacts of pedestrian, bicycle, and road infrastructure, case study: Baltimore,” 2010.
Chris Turner, The Leap: How to Survive and Thrive in the Sustainable Economy (Random House, 2011).
“58 construction projects in 11 American cities”: Garrett-Peltier, Political Economy Research Institute University of Massachusetts, “Pedestrian and Bicycle Infrastructure: A National Study of Employment Impacts,” June 2011.
“Complete Streets”: www.smartgrowthamerica.org/complete-streets.
“A walkable community also raises property values”: Downtown Baltimore Family Alliance, “Enhancing Walkability in the City of Baltimore,” May 2011, dbfam.org/PDF/DBFA_Walkability_White_Paper.pdf, 4.
“A one-point Walk Score increase will boost housing values”: Joe Cortright, “Walking the Walk: How Walkability Raises Home Values in U.S. Cities,” CEOs for Cities, August 2009.
“Consumer spending in British towns”: Todd Litman, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, “Economic Value of Walkability,” 22 March 2014, 15, www.vtpi.org/walkability.pdf.
“Six in 10 Americans say they would choose”: National Association of Realtors, “2011 Community Preference Survey,” 18 March 2011, 2, www.realtor.org/reports/2011-community-preference-survey.
“Walkability is more than an attractive amenity”: Richard Florida, “America’s Most Walkable Cities,” The Atlantic, 15 December 2010.
“The city an hour down the highway”: Christopher Leinberger and Mariela Alfonzo, Brookings Institution, “Walk This Way: The Economic Promise of Walkable Places in Metropolitan Washington, D.C.,” 25 May 2012.
“The car has … at the centre of our transportation policies”: Litman, “Economic Value of Walkability.”
“The personal cost savings from reduced vehicle use”: Litman, “Economic Value of Walkability.”
“Portland, Oregon … an urbanist poster child”: Joe Cortright, “Portland’s Green Dividend,” CEOs for Cities, July 2007.
Interview with Jennifer Keesmaat, Toronto, November 2013.
“In Wales, walking … puts food on the table”: Economy Research Unit, Cardiff University, “The Economic Impact of Walking and Hill Walking in Wales,” 28 June 2011.
“About 2.9 million people walked on the WCP”: Economy Research Unit, Cardiff University, “The Economic Impact of Wales Coast Path Visitor Spending on Wales 2012,” November 2012.
“Difficult to associate monetary values to biodiversity and landscape”: “The Economic Impact of Walking and Hill Walking in Wales,” 3.
Interview with Joseph Murphy, New Galloway, Scotland, July 2013.
“Poorly conceived development projects”: Joseph Murphy, At the Edge: Walking the Atlantic Coast of Ireland and Scotland (Sandstone Press, 2009).
“All economic activity is dependent upon that environment”: Gaylord Nelson, Beyond Earth Day: Fulfilling the Promise (University of Wisconsin Press, 2002).
“Greenhouse-gas emissions in the U.S.”: United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data, www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/usinventoryreport.html.
“The first mile of my walk is just a racket”: Dan Pallotta, “Take a Walk, Sure, but Don’t Call it a Break,” Harvard Business Review Blog Network, 27 February 2014, blogs.hbr.org/2014/02/take-a-walk-sure-but-dont-call-it-a-break.
“Management by walking around”: “Management by walking about,” The Economist, 8 September 2008.
“You can take care of your health”: Nilofer Merchant, “Got a meeting? Take a walk,” TED Talk, February 2013, on.ted.com/Nilofer.
Interview with Margaret MacNeill, Toronto, April 2013.
“An intricate argument under time pressure”: Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (Doubleday, 2011).
“Chairdom is hugely effecting humans”: Susan Orlean, “The Walking Alive,” New Yorker, 20 May 2013.
“The effectiveness of working while on a treadmill”: Dinesh John, David R. Bassett et al., “The Effect of Using a Treadmill Workstation on Performance of Simulated Office Work,” Journal of Physical Activity & Health 6, no. 5 (September 2009): 617–624.
Interview with Brecken Hancock and Andrew Markle, Ottawa, February 2014.
5: POLITICS
“Is a democracy, such as we know it”: Henry David Thoreau, “Civil Disobedience,” 1849.
“I learnt how distant my colleagues and I in government”: Rory Stewart, “My long march to be a Tory MP in Cumbria,” The Sunday Times, 3 January 2010.
Interview with Rory Stewart, Penrith and Tebay, U.K., July 2013.
“The expressions of the farmers”: Rory Stewart, “My long march.”
“Dead ringer for one or more of the Rolling Stones”: Vanity Fair, “Hunky Foreign Correspondents and How to Woo Them,” 8 February 2013, www.vanityfair.com/politics/2013/02/hottest-male-foreign-correspondents_slideshow_item1_2.
“One of the 75 most influential people of the 21st century”: Parag Khanna, “Rory Stewart,” Esquire, 6 October 2008, www.esquire .com/features/75-most-influential/rory-stewart-1008.
“It’s just a phenomenally bad end to a film”: Decca Aitkenhead, “Rory Stewart: ‘The secret of modern Britain is there is no power anywhere,’” The Guardian, 3 January 2014.
“A dreamlike disconnection with the world”: Julian Glover, “Rory Stewart’s awfully big adventure,” The Guardian, 14 January 2010.
“Backward, peripheral, and irrelevant”: Rory Stewart, The Places in Between (Harvest/Harcourt, 2006), 25.
“There are three metres of snow”: Stewart, The Places in Between, 3.
“The only piece of foreign technology was a Kalashnikov”: Stewart, The Places in Between, xii.
“Al-Qaeda was good at the beginning”: Stewart, The Places in Between, 84.
“Because the Russian government”: Stewart, The Places in Between, 143.
“I was passed like a parcel down the line”: Stewart, The Places in Between, 207.
“The creation of a centralized, broad-based multiethnic government”: Stewart, The Places in Between, 245.
“A serious study of an alien culture”: Stewart, The Places in Between, 247.
“Stewart is far too independent”: Ian Dunt, “Rory Stewart’s remarkable Commons speech showed how to make the case for the union,” 6 February 2014, www.politics.co.uk/comment -analysis/2014/02/06/rory-stewart-s-remarkable-commons -speech-showed-how-to-make.
“Even a familiar walk … can provide new perspectives”: Henry David Thoreau, “Walking,” The Atlantic, June 1862, www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1862/06/walking/304674.
“The Women’s Suffrage Parade”: Alan Taylor, The Atlantic, 3 March 2013, www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2013/03/100-years-ago-the-1913-womens-suffrage-parade/100465.
“White legs and negro legs”: Taylor Branch, The King Years: Historic Moments in the Civil Rights Movement (Simon & Schuster, 2013), 66.
“Next to sex”: Eric Hobsbawm, Interesting Times: A Twentieth-Century Life (Allen Lane, 2002) 73.
“Another leap forward”: Branch, The King Years.
“American Indian Movement”: www.aimovement.org/ggc/history .html.
“Prof. Lehman Brightman”: youtu.be/o86w-erjlgQ.
“The complex intersections of desert ecology, human health and culture”: Susie O’Brien, “Survival Strategies for Global Times: The Desert Walk for Biodiversity, Health and Heritage,” Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies 9, no. 1 (2007): 84–99.
Interview with Leanne Simpson, telephone, April 2013.
“The Native Women’s Walk to Ottawa”: Janet Silman, Enough Is Enough: Native Women Speak Out (Women’s Press, 1992).
“We really didn’t think anybody would listen to us”: Enough Is Enough, 162.
“First Nations’ grandmothers”: Kevin McMahon, “A native grandmother’s epic walk for the water,” Toronto Star, 4 April 2009.
Interview with Leo Baskatawang, April 2013.
“Hereditary chief Beau Dick”: Jeffrey Jones, “Idle No More: March to Victoria,” Sointula Ripple, 13 February 2013, sointularipple .ca/2013/02/idle-no-more-march-to-victoria.
Interview with Ben Isitt, telephone, April 2014.
Interview with Dave Sauchyn, telephone, October 2013.
Interview with John Fraser, Ottawa, July 2013.
“One of the most remarkable lives on record”: Anna van Praagh, “Rory Stewart: A new kind of Tory,” The Telegraph, 1 November 2009.
“Politics as we have known it totters”: The Dark Mountain Manifesto, dark-mountain.net/about/manifesto.
6: CREATIVITY
“Walking exposes us to the constant flux”: Paul Sowden, National Trust, www.ntsouthwest.co.uk/tag/weekend-walk.
“I can only meditate when I am walking”: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Confessions, 1782.
Interview with Todd Shalom and Ben Weber, Brooklyn, June 2013.
“Suspensive freedom”: Frédéric Gros, A Philosophy of Walking (Verso Books, 2014), 5.
“Aristotle walked back and forth”: William Clark, Academic Charisma and the Origins of the Research University (University of Chicago Press, 2007), 71.
“Diogenes … solvitur ambulando”: Arianna Huffington, “Hemmingway, Thoreau, Jefferson and the Virtues of a Good Long Walk,” 29 August 2013, www.huffingtonpost.com/arianna -huffington/hemingway-thoreau-jeffers_b_3837002.html.
“One of his hikes through a concealed pass”: Michael Michalko, “Thought Walking,” 19 November 2012, www.creativitypost .com/create/thought_walking.
“William Wordsworth … some 180,000 miles”: Solnit, Wanderlust, 104.
“By being forced to focus on quick-passing logistical realities”: Trina-Marie Baird, “How did walking serve as an integrative activity for Wordsworth?” (Lancaster University, Dept. of Religious Studies, 2008).
“Nietzsche maintained an equally disciplined schedule”: Drake Baer, “The workday secrets of the world’s most productive philosophers,” Fast Company, 9 October 2013, www.fastcompany.com/3019654/leadership-now/the-workday-secrets-of-the-worlds-most-productive-philosophers.
“Only thoughts reached by walking have value”: Friedrich Nietzsche, Twilight of the Idols, 1889.
“Richard Long took a train southeast”: www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/long-a-line-made-by-walking-ar00142/text-summary.
“Long changed our notion of sculpture”: Sean O’Hagan,” One Step Beyond,” The Observer, 10 May 2009, www.theguardian .com/artanddesign/2009/may/10/art-richard-long.
“Anywhere”: www.richardlong.org/Textworks/2012textworks/anywhere.html.
“Internal horizon line, craggy and rugged”: British Council, visualarts.britishcouncil.org/exhibitions/exhibition/out-of-britain-2012/object/spring-circle-long-1992-p6284.
“A walking definition of humanity”: Laura Cumming, “Hamish Fulton: Walk, Turner and the Elements — review,” The Guardian, 29 January 2012, www.theguardian.com/artanddesign /2012/jan/29/hamish-fulton-walk-turner-margate-review.
“Slowalk (In support of Ai Weiwei)”: www.turnercontemporary .org/news/hamish-fulton-slowalk-in-support-of-ai-weiwei.
“Only art resulting from the experience of individual walks”: www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/exhibition/hamish-fulton-walking-journey.
“A passive protest against urban societies”: British Council, visualarts.britishcouncil.org/collection/artists/hamish-fulton-1946/initial/f.
Interview with Mike Collier, Sunderland, U.K., July 2013.
“Walk On: From Richard Long to Janet Cardiff — 40 Years of Art Walking”: Cynthia Morrison-Bell, Mike Collier, Tim Ingold, Alistair Robinson, official catalogue (Art Editions North, 2013).
“Jena Walk (Memory Field)”: www.cardiffmiller.com/artworks/walks/jena.html.
“I get it from, like, walking around”: youtu.be/1owl-Fipvtk.
“The country’s not that wide”: www.artgarfunkel.com/articles/talks.html.
“Walk Rule No. 1: No peeking”: Tom Dunkel, “He’s gone to look for America,” Sports Illustrated, 15 October 1990.
“The impact of walking in nature on creative problem-solving”: Ruth Ann Atchley and David Strayer, “Creativity in the Wild: Improving Creative Reasoning through Immersion in Natural Settings,” PLoS ONE, 12 December 2012.
“Awesomely Adaptive and Advanced Learning and Behavior unit”: Marily Oppezzo and Daniel L. Schwartz, “Give Your Ideas Some Legs: The Positive Effect of Walking on Creative Thinking,” Journal of Experimental Psychology 40, no. 4 (April 2014): 1142–1152.
Interview with Marily Oppezzo, telephone, April 2014.
“The dual process theory of cognition”: Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow.
“A torrent of new information”: Sowden, www.ntsouthwest.co.uk/tag/weekend-walk.
Interview with Paul Sowden, telephone, March 2014.
Interview with Liane Gabora, telephone, April 2014.
“The ‘big bang’ of creativity”: Liane Gabora, The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity (Cambridge University Press, 2010), 279–301.
“Painter Ryan Larkin”: National Film Board, 1968, www.nfb.ca/film/walking/.
“I stepped from one word to the next”: Stephen King, “On Impact,” The New Yorker, 19 June 2000.
“The Pedestrian”: Ray Bradbury, “The Pedestrian,” The Golden Apples of the Sun (Doubleday, 1953).
7: SPIRIT
“Pilgrimages make it possible”: Solnit, Wanderlust, 50.
“If you walk hard enough”: Bruce Chatwin, In Patagonia (Penguin Classics, 2003), 43.
Interviews on the Llŷn Peninsula, Wales, August 2013.
“The rain and wind are hard masters”: R.S. Thomas, “Too Late,” Collected Poems: 1945–1990 (Phoenix Press, 2002).
“A liminal state, between past and future identities”: Solnit, Wanderlust, 51.
“Transforming ordinary life into a continuous practice of meditation”: John Cianciosi, “Mindful Nature Walking (One Step at a Time),” Yoga Journal, 28 August 2007, www.yogajournal.com /article/practice-section/mindful-nature-walking-one-step-at-a-time.
“About 95 percent of the time”: Francis Tapon, “10 Reasons Why El Camino Santiago Sucks,” francistapon.com/Travels/Spain-Trails/10-Reasons-Why-El-Camino-Santiago-Sucks.
“Pilgrims typically depart feeling serene and blissful”: Stephen Reicher, “Participation in Mass Gatherings Can Benefit Well-Being: Longitudinal and Control Data from a North Indian Hindu Pilgrimage Event,” PLoS ONE, 17 October 2012.
“The power of collective experience”: Stephen Reicher, “Kumbh Mela festival is proof that crowds can be good for you,” The Guardian, 15 January 2013, www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2013/jan/15/kumbh-mela-festival-crowds-good-for-you.
“In this space you can achieve a direct human interaction”: eds. Ellen Badone and Sharon R. Roseman, Intersecting Journeys: The Anthropology of Pilgrimage and Tourism (University of Illinois Press, 2004).
“Ritual experiences that represent breaks”: Gideon Lewis-Kraus, A Sense of Direction: Pilgrimage for the Restless and the Hopeful (Riverhead Books, 2012).
“Humanity, with fearful, faltering steps”: www.peacepilgrim.com/htmfiles/mdppbio.htm.
“They have a sustainable way of life”: Andrew Chung, “Montreal man walks around the world,” Toronto Star, 1 October 2011, www.thestar.com/news/canada/2011/10/01/montreal_man_walks_around_the_world.html.
“Inching slowly across the surface of the earth”: Naomi Sharp, “On the job,” Columbia Journalism Review, 2 January 2014, www.cjr .org/on_the_job/on_the_job_1.php.
“Why aren’t more people giving away everything”: “Self-Improvement Kick,” This American Life, 1 April 2013, www.this americanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/483/transcript.
“My years as the know-it-all naturalist”: Herriot, The Road Is How.
“Milquetoast Harold Fry”: Rachel Joyce, The Unlikely Pilgrimage of Harold Fry (Random House, 2012).
“In many ways, the Pennine Way is a pointless exercise”: Simon Armitage, Walking Home: Travels with a Troubadour on the Pennine Way” (Faber and Faber, 2012).
8: FAMILY
“Let children walk with nature”: John Muir, A Thousand-Mile Walk to the Gulf (Houghton Mifflin, 1916), xii.
“We’re so marinated in the culture of speed”: Carl Honoré, In Praise of Slow (Vintage, 2004).
“The best time to talk to your kids”: “Fire, Water, Earth, Air: Micahel Pollan Gets Elemental in ‘Cooked,’” 21 April 2013, www.npr.org/2013/04/21/177501735/fire-water-air-earth-michael-pollan-gets-elemental-in-cooked.
“Unconscious synchronicity — an indicator of social interaction”: Shinsuke Shimojo, Kyongsik Yun and Katsumi Watanabe, “Interpersonal body and neural synchronization as a marker of implicit social interaction,” Scientific Reports, 11 December 2012.
“Shared feelings of rapport”: Daniël Lakens and Mariëlle Stel, “If They Move in Sync, They Must Feel in Sync: Movement Synchronicity Leads to Attributions of Rapport and Entitativity,” Social Cognition 29 (2011): 1–14.
Interview with Carl Honoré, telephone, June 2014.
“In the U.S., 89 percent of students”: U.S. Department of Transportation, “Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey” (1972), www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/1969/q.pdf.
“Today, 35 percent cover that short distance”: The National Center for Safe Routes to School, “How Children Get to School: School Travel Patterns from 1969 to 2009,” saferoutesinfo.org/sites/default/files/resources/NHTS_school_travel_report_2011 _0.pdf.
“Number of kids shuttled to school in personal vehicles”: Safe Routes to School, “Children’s Mobility, Health and Happiness: A Canadian School Travel Planning Model,” www.saferoute stoschool.ca/downloads/Executive%20Summary-CLASP%20Results-May%202012.pdf.
“In its 2014 report card”: Active Healthy Kids Canada, “Is Canada in the Running?,” dvqdas9jty7g6.cloudfront.net/reportcard2014/AHKC_2014_ReportCard_Short_ENG.pdf.
“Harried parenting and rampant materialism”: Adriana Barton, “Consumerism is creating cunning and callous kids, therapist finds,” Globe and Mail, 29 May 2014, www.theglobeandmail .com/life/parenting/consumerism-is-creating-cunning-and-callous-kids/article18913979.
“The power to transform relationships”: Roman Krznaric, Empathy: A Handbook for Revolution (Random House, 2014).
“Kids who travel predominantly on foot”: Sarah Goodyear, “Kids Who Get Driven Everywhere Don’t Know Where They’re Going,” CityLab, 7 May 2012, www.citylab.com/commute/2012/05/kids-who-get-driven-everywhere-dont-know-where -theyre-going/1943.
“Frequently expressed feelings of dislike and danger”: Bruce Appleyard, “Livable streets for schoolchildren,” www.india-seminar.com/2013/648/648_bruce_appleyard.htm.
“People who live on city streets with lighter traffic have more friends”: Donald Appleyard, Livable Streets (University of California Press, 1981).
“Cars are happiest”: Dan Burden, Project for Public Spaces, www.pps.org/reference/dburden.
“The walk to school is also a right of passage”: Jennifer Keesmaat, TEDxRegina, 16 May 2012, www.tedxregina.com/video-gallery-2012.
Interview with Jennifer Keesmaat, Toronto, November 2013.
“Busyness has acquired social status”: Brigid Schulte, Overwhelmed: Work, Love, and Play When No One Has the Time (Sarah Crichton Books, 2014).
“Canada’s first master-planned suburb”: Noor Javed, “Toronto’s mother of all suburbs,” Toronto Star, 21 March 2009, www.the star.com/news/gta/2009/03/21/torontos_mother_of_all_suburbs_don_mills.html.
“The area around Peanut Plaza”: Jane Farrow and Paul Hess, “Walkability in Toronto’s High-Rise Neighbourhoods,” Cities Centre, University of Toronto, 2010.
“Although these roads were conceived”: Farrow and Hess, “Walkability in Toronto’s High-Rise Neighbourhoods,” 2.
“A continual fulfilled life”: Emily Smith, “Walking as a way of life,” American Trails, www.americantrails.org/resources/health/wayoflife.html.
“You feel like a twosome”: Howard Scott, “Walk with her,” Boston Globe, 19 February 2012, www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012 /02/19/walk-with-her/zuZerB9IrEqyOBpm1QGrVL/story.html.
“High-visibility crossings”: Ann McGrane and Meghan Mitmann “An Overview and Recommendations of High-Visibility Crosswalk Marking Styles,” Pedestrian and Bicycling Information Center, for U.S. Federal Highway Administration, katana.hsrc.unc.edu/cms/downloads/PBIC_WhitePaper_Crosswalks.pdf.
“LPI signals”: National Association of City Transportation Officials, Urban Street Design Guide (Island Press, 2013), 128.
Interviews at Queen Elizabeth Public School, Ottawa, May 2014.
“Lower-income households”: Ontario Ministry of Education, www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/sift/schoolProfile.asp?SCH_NUMBER=463523.
“Pedestrian collisions are tied with car accidents”: Linda Rothman et al., “Walking and child pedestrian injury: a systematic review of built environment correlates of safe walking,” Injury Prevention 20, no. 1 (February 2014): 41–49.
“A rise in child pedestrian collisions”: Linda Rothman, “Motor Vehicle-Pedestrian Collisions and Walking to School: The Role of the Built Environment,” Pediatrics, published online 7 April 2014.
“Ontario’s education ministry spends”: Green Communities Canada, “Saving Money and Time With Active School Travel,” September 2010, www.saferoutestoschool.ca/oldsite/downloads/Saving _Money_and_Time_with_AT-Final-Sept_2010.pdf.
“The number of schools participating in STP-like programs”: National Center for Safe Routes to School, “Trends in Walking and Bicycling to School from 2007 to 2012,” October 2013, saferoutesinfo.org/sites/default/files/Trends_in_Walking_and_Bicycling_to_School_from_2007_to_2012_FINAL.pdf.
“Founder Ray Lowes envisioned”: “Ray Lowes, Father of the Bruce Trail, 1911–2007,” brucetrail.org/news/show/9-ray-lowes-father-of-the-bruce-trail-1911-2007.
“Within the space of a few decades”: Richard Louv, Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder (Algonquin Books, 2008), 1.
Interview with Amber Westfall, Ottawa, May 2013.
EPILOGUE
“The whole concatenation of wild and artificial things”: John Stilgoe, “The Art of the Everyday Adventure,” Utne Reader (from the book Outside Lies Magic), July–August 1999, www .utne.com/mind-and-body/plainadventures.aspx.
“Remember, one of the main tenets of capitalism”: Michael Moore, “Why I walk,” www.michaelmoore.com/walk-with-mike.
Interviews with Jacque Patenaude and others at the Fang Shen Do fire walk, Casselman, Ontario, October 2014.
“One of the most incredible experiences of my life”: Marianne Schnall, “Tony Robbins Sets the Record Straight About Fire Walk ‘Controversy,’” Huffington Post, 31 July 2012, www .huffingtonpost.com/marianne-schnall/tony-robbins-fire-walk_b_1718499.html.
“The essential thing is simplicity”: “Etching Movements in the Sky,” The Alchemist’s Pillow, 11 September 2011, www.alchemists pillow.com/2011/09/etching-movements-in-sky.html.
“Long-term impacts on gait”: Caleb Wegener et al., “Effect of children’s shoes on gait: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 18 January 2011, www.jfoot ankleres.com/content/4/1/3.
“Grounding,’ unhindered contact with the earth”: James L. Oschman, “Can electrons act as antioxidants? A review and commentary,” The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 13, no. 9 (November 2007): 955–967.
“The benefits of walking backwards”: Joseph Mercola, “Stimulate your fitness IQ by walking backwards,” 14 December 2012, fitness.mercola.com/sites/fitness/archive/2012/12/14/walking-backward.aspx.
Interview with Stanley Vollant, Ottawa, October 2014.
“Researchers in England have new evidence”: Kate Lachowycz and Andy P. Jones, “Does walking explain associations between access to greenspace and lower mortality?” Social Science & Medicine 107 (15 February 2014): 9–17.
“Headz Ain’t Ready”: Matt Green, imjustwalkin.com/2014/04/20/barberz-92.
“Had eaten olives, and gazed at the wet ground”: Rory Stewart, “Rory Stewart walks Hadrian’s Wall,” Financial Times, 20 June 2014, www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/7bd1ed92-f318-11e3-a3f8-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3H1dN5wEB.
“A reclusive man, provoked by a dispute over muskrat trapping”: Joe Friessen and Claude Scilley, “Shootings leave tiny Southern Ontario town of Tamworth shaken,” Globe and Mail, 28 February 2014.
Interviews in Tamworth, Ontario, March 2014.
“Wood is not a very good conductor of heat”: John Roach, “Why fire walking doesn’t burn: Science or spirituality?” National Geographic News, 1 September 2005, news.nationalgeographic .com/news/2005/09/0901_050901_firewalking.html.