Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.
Page references in italics refer to illustrations.
Abbott, Dallas, 260, 261
Adamic, Louis, 241–42
Aden, 40, 44
Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, 133–34
Africa
Arabs in, 58
Chinese to, 4, 41, 43, 48
citrus trees in, 252
Florentine knowledge of, 97
on maps and globes, 66, 106, 107, 111, 112, 128, 286
Merino sheep from, 282
monsoons and, 39, 40
Portuguese exploitation of, 104, 111, 115, 121, 287
tsunami in, 277
see also Egypt
Aghemo, Aurelio, 106
Agüera y Arcas, Blaise, 234
Alarcón, Hernando de, 280
Al-Ashraf Barsbay, 54, 56
Al-Azhar Mosque, 55, 56, 57, 58
Al-Azhar University, 55–56
Alberti, Leon Battista
Beck on, 92–93, 137
Chinese knowledge used by, 134, 176, 216, 243, 254
De Pictura by, 156, 158–60, 161, 196, 251
De re Aedificatoria by, 161, 213
Descriptio urbis Romae by, 164–65, 196
De Statua by, 156, 159, 161, 196
Latin fluency of, 124
Leonardo da Vinci and, 155–65, 176, 196, 212–13
Ludi matematici by, 161, 162–63
Medici family’s patronage of, 89, 90
on perspective, 253
Regiomontanus and, 138, 139, 143, 147
San Lorenzo dome painted by, 91, 92–93, 137
on silk industry, 200
Taccola and, 158, 182, 212, 213
Toscanelli and, 93, 137, 138, 139
Alberti, Lorenzo, 155
Albuquerque, Alfonso de, 239–40, 242
Aldebaran, 36, 37, 153
Aldridge, James, 52
Alexander III, pope, 64
Alexander the Great, 48
Alexandria, 48, 51, 59, 64, 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 85, 122, 222
Alfoim, Pero de, 240
Alfonsine tables, 142, 143, 145, 150, 151, 152
Alfonso V, king of Portugal, 94, 121, 122
al-Ghouri, caravanseri of, 57
Alonso Pinzón, Martín, xi, 109
alum, 205
Amadis of Gaul, The, 236
America
cactuses from, 68
Columbus and, 104–7, 108–9, 126
conquistadores in, 284–87
European discovery of, 126, 131
Fontana’s knowledge of, 222, 223, 240, 287
on maps and globes, xii, 70–71, 111–14, 118, 128, 129–31
Portuguese exploration of, 287
Saint-Dié’s role in naming, 115, 116–18
Toscanelli and, xiv, 96–100, 104, 107, 109, 126
see also Central America; New World; North America; South America
Ancient Chinese Inventions (Deng), 23, 231
Andes, 111, 112, 270, 272, 274, 275, 276
animals, 47, 183, 191–92, 193, 194, 252, 268
see also dogs; pigs; sheep
Antarctica, 108, 129, 131, 270
Antilia, island of, 97, 100, 106, 107, 118, 120, 126, 238
Arabia, 52
Arabian Sea, 43
Arab(s)
on Alexander the Great, 48
astro-navigation, 17–19, 40, 154
Cairo built by, 50
calendars, 40
cemetery in China, 46
ecliptic coordinate system, 145, 154, 176
frankincense, 46
gold, 57–58
interpreters, 40
medicine, 237
ports, 40
sheep of, 285
ships, 81
trade, 40, 46, 252
see also Islam; Muslims
Aragon, as seafaring power, 64, 286–87
Archimedes, 146, 147, 187
architecture, Renaissance, 160
Arctic Pole, 94, 112, 119, 122
see also North Pole
Arequipa University, 275
Aristarchus, 146
Aristotle, 51, 57, 139, 154, 159, 176, 243, 247
Armenia, Armenians, 56, 123
Art of Invention, The: Leonardo and the Renaissance Engineers (Galluzzi), 184, 195
Aruqtai, 5
Asia, 128, 132
Aslaksen, Helmer, 27
astrolabe, 145, 154, 156, 164
astronomy, astronomers, 134–54
Arab, 17–19, 40, 56, 154
Babylonian, 29
Chinese, 32, 32–34, 35, 120, 125, 137, 139, 140, 243, 250–51
European, 29–30, 86, 88, 93
knowledge transferral, 37–38, 243–48, 251–52, 253–54
Medici patronage of, 87, 205
see also calendar(s), Shoushi astronomical; specific astronomers
Atahualpa, 273, 275
Atlantic Ocean, 121, 222, 286, 287
Augustus, 197
Australia
Asian pigs in, 262
citrus trees in, 252
gold in, 252
Mahuika tsunami in, 260, 261–62, 276
maps of, xii, 66
Portuguese knowlege of, 240
Venetian knowledge of, 222–23, 240
Avars, 69, 70
Avignon, 87
Azores, 63, 252
Aztecs, 279, 287
Babylon, Babylonians, 50, 51, 52, 53
Babylonian writing, 50
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 236
Baghdad, 45
Bai Shouyi, 48
Balboa, Vasco Núñez de, xii, 111, 280–81, 283
Baldovinetti, Alesso, 87
balloons, hot-air, 170, 175
Banda Atjeh, 42
see also Pulau Rondo
banking, bankers
Italian, 58, 72–73, 74, 87–88, 89, 155, 157, 205
Karim as, 40, 46, 54
Bara, Lovorka, 69
Barbarossa, Holy Roman emperor, 210
Bardi family, 74
Barzizza, Gasparino, 155
battleship, water-wheeled, 22
Bazaldeen Kulami Karimi, 46
bazookas, 16
Beals, Herbert K., 266
Beck, James, 92–93, 137
Beijing, 33, 34, 36, 154, 206, 207
Bell, Cedric, 257–63, 269
Bellarmine, Cardinal, 249
Berenson, Bernard, 86
Bertola de Novale, 212
Bessarion, Cardinal, 98
Betelgeuse, 36, 37
Bianchini, Francesco, 147–48, 154
Bianco, Andrea, 238, 241, 254
Bibliothèque Nationale de France, 118, 127
Bisagudo, Pedro Vaz, 241
Bi Sheng, 125, 231–32
Bisticci, Vespasiano da, 89
Bitruji, al-, 147
Boas, Franz, 264
boat, paddle-wheel, 167–68, 169, 175, 183, 185–86
Bohemia, Martin of, xi books, 20–22, 57, 81, 89, 157, 158, 187, 200, 222, 235, 236, 237
see also specific books
Boyle, Robert, 24
Bracciolini, Poggio, 89
Braudel, Fernand, 201
Brazil, xii, 117, 121, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 252, 270, 280
bridges, 95, 96, 113, 114, 120, 124, 125, 174, 175, 208, 275
British Library, 14, 161, 177, 179, 187–88, 189
British Museum, 153, 177–78
Brown, Patricia Fortini, 90–91
Brunelleschi, Filippo, 83–84, 88, 136, 155, 156–57, 182
Bruni, Leonardo, 88, 158
Bryant, Edward A. “Ted,” 259–60, 261
Bueri, Piccarda, 93
Buñuel, Luis, 279
Burckhardt, Jakob, 160, 251
Butters, Suzanne, 219
Byzantium, 64–65, 75, 77, 84, 85, 92, 145
Cabral, Pedro Alvarez, xii, 240, 242
cactuses, American, 68
Caesar, Julius, 197
Cairo, 49–59
Chinese trade with, 8, 9, 19, 28, 40, 43, 45, 47–48, 72–73, 75
as Hormuz, 47
Indian trade with, 47
Karim in, 40, 46, 54
Venetian trade with, 64, 65, 71, 72, 74, 75, 81
see also Babylon
Cairo: Biography of a City (Aldridge), 52–53
calculus, 27, 37
Calderón de la Barca, Pedro, 282
calendar(s)
Gregorian, 22–23, 24
Islamic, 18, 40
monsoons marked on, 40
of Regiomantus, 150
Shoushi astronomical, 22–28, 35, 41, 81, 93, 134, 135–36, 140, 154, 159, 235, 243, 248
Calicut, 8, 10, 38, 40, 42, 43–44, 46, 79, 86, 222
Calixtus III, pope, 134
Cambridge University, Pepys Library at, 28, 135–36
camera obscura, 36, 90, 137, 140, 156
Camões, Luis de, 10
canals, 45, 48–49, 52, 70, 130, 131, 206–9, 210–14, 253, 276
cannons, 16, 22, 41, 173, 174, 175, 219, 220, 223, 225–27, 237, 253, 259
Capac, Huayna, 273
Cape of Good Hope, 78, 79, 128, 140, 144–45, 151, 239, 240, 243
Captivating Views of the Ocean’s Shores, 47
Caribbean, 105, 106, 107, 130, 242
Cassini, Giovanni Domenico, 139
Catholic Church, 45, 132–35, 150, 157–58, 249
see also Jesuits; Papal States; specific churches; specific clergy
Catholic Encyclopedia, The, 132
Caverio, Nicholas, 118
Central America, 121, 128, 130, 287
ceramics, Chinese, 46, 53–54, 57, 65, 76, 81, 268
see also porcelain
Chambers, Geoffrey, 258–59
Chang Le epigraphy, 8
Chao Heng, 220
Charles V, king of Spain, 103
Chartres Cathedral, 197
Charts of Zheng He’s Voyages, The, 42
Cheng Hua, 266
Chen Shuiyuan, 18–19
Chen Xin Lang, 46
Ch’iao Wei-Yo, 125, 207, 208
Chi dynasty, 171
Chile, 269–70, 271, 274, 276, 280
Ch’in Chiu-shao, 16, 161
Chinese Religions and National Minorities (Bai Shouyi), 48
Chu Lung-Pin, 221
Church, Sally, 10, 266
Cicero, 235
Cid, El, 284
Cipangu, 96, 97, 100, 113, 114, 118, 120, 126
see also Japan
citrus, 252
Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, The (Burckhardt), 160
Clement IV, pope, 123
clocks, 36–37, 137, 140, 145
Codicetto (di Georgio), 186, 190
coinage, 57–58, 133, 262, 265, 267, 274
Coloma, John, 105
Colombia River, Chinese settlements on, 268–69
Columbus, Bartholomew, 106, 151
Columbus, Christopher, xi, xii, xiv, 38, 67, 89, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104–5, 108, 109, 122, 126, 129, 130, 136, 139, 140, 151–52, 222, 238, 239, 242, 243, 284
comets, 24, 27, 135, 136–37, 140, 147, 158, 260–61, 262, 263–64
Coming of the Age of Steel, The (Wertime), 218
Commines, Philippe de, 205
compass, 16, 17, 175
Compromise of Caspe, 285, 286
Condulmer, Gabriele, 96
Confucius, 125
conquistadores, Spanish, 253, 278–88
Contarini family, 74
Conti, Niccolò da, 44, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 103, 129
Contributions to Human History, 267
Cook, Captain, xii, 74, 152, 265
Copernicus, Copernican theory, 27, 243–48, 249–50, 251
copper, 58, 59, 231, 252, 265, 274
coral, 197
Coramandel, 40
Corfu, 65, 70
corn, 21, 52, 85, 189, 214, 253
Correr family, 74, 96
Corsali, Andrea, 240
Côrte-Real, Miguel, 241
Cortés, Hernan, 280, 284, 286, 287
Cortesão, Jaime, 241
Cosmos (monk), 132
Cossa, Baldassare, 87
Coster, Laurens Janszoon, 233–34
Cotner, Dave, 263, 264, 266
cotton, 21, 199–200, 252, 272, 275
Crete, 65, 72, 75, 77
Cribbs, Robert, 34–35, 37
Croatia, 64, 65–69, 72, 241–42
see also Dalmatia
Crossman, L. S., 266
Crusades, 64, 75, 85, 115
Cryfts, Johann, 141
cryptography, 14, 156, 157, 159, 160, 161, 163, 251
currency, 58, 123, 274
currents, 17, 270–71
Curtze, 148
Customs and Institutions of the Old Capital (Chou), 221
Dalmatia, 65–69, 72, 76, 241–42
see also Croatia
Dandi Bandar, 43
Dandolo, Doge, 64, 75
Dandolo, Mario, 78
Darius, 50, 51
Dark Ages, Europe in, 57
Datini, Francesco di Marco, 87
Davies, Arthur, 105–6, 128
Deane, Thatcher E., 19
De Architettura (Vitruvias), 187
de Chávez, Nuño de, 280
de Chávez family, 283
De Ingeneis (Taccola), 182–83, 184, 190–91
Deng Yinke, 23
De Pictura (Alberti), 156, 158–60, 161, 196, 251
De re Aedificatoria (Alberti), 161, 213
De re Militari (Santini), 223
Descriptio urbis Romae (Alberti), 164–65, 196
de Soto, Hernando, 280, 281
De Statua (Alberti), 156, 159, 161, 196
Destombes, Marcel, 105, 107
de Valverde, Friar Vicente, 280
Diamond, HMS, 75, 81
Dias, Bartolomeu, xii, 128, 140, 144–45, 151, 240, 243
Díaz de Vivar, Rodrigo, 284
di Cambio, Arnolfo, 181
di Georgio Martini, Francesco
on canals and locks, 158, 212, 213, 253
on Chinese inventions, 161, 163, 164, 187, 189–94, 254
Leonardo da Vinci and, xiii-xiv, 177, 178–81, 195–96, 212, 213, 253
pumps designed by, 202, 203, 204, 211
Taccola and, xiv, 182, 184–87, 211, 212
from Tuscany, 157
weapons designed by, 223–30
Diodorus Siculus, 51
di Virga, Albertin, xii, 66, 73, 74
DNA, 67, 69–70, 259, 269, 271, 275
Doges’ Palace in, 44, 73, 77, 79, 103, 128, 129, 130
dogs, 20, 269
Donatello, 156–57
Dong, Paul, 26, 250
Dragon’s Tail, 78, 102, 126
Dream Pool Essays (Shen Kua), 209, 231–32
Dreyer, Edward L., 5
Dubrovnik, 65
Duccio di Buoninsegna, 86
Dunstable, John, 236
earth
position of, 141, 142, 143, 145, 247, 249, 253
roundness of, 18, 96, 97
trajectory of, 25–26, 34–35, 138, 139, 145, 146–47, 150, 159, 243, 244–45, 246
Easter, 133, 150, 152
Eastern Origins of Western Civilization, The (Hobson), 199
eclipses
longitude and, 27, 34, 151–52
lunar, 34, 135, 143, 151
prediction of, 24, 27, 135, 144, 150–52, 251
solar, 135, 151–52, 153
Egypt
Armenia invaded by, 123
Chinese trade with, xv, 42, 44–48, 53–54, 57
civilization of, 271
Jews from, 46, 57
monsoons and shipping schedule, 40
part of Roman Empire, 132
pyramids in, 45, 48, 49
see also Cairo
Empires of the Monsoon (Hall), 44
Enlightenment, the, 57
Epitome astronomiae Copernicanae (Kepler), 248
Epitome of the Almagest, The (Peurbach and Regiomontanus), 246, 247
Essays in the Study of Sienese Painting (Berenson), 86
Euclid, 163, 187
Eugenius IV, pope, 78, 89, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 101, 108, 119–20, 123, 134, 155, 158, 161, 182, 204, 212, 243, 251
eunuchs, 3, 5, 6, 45
Eutocius, 147
Extremadura, Extremadurans, 278–86
Fabriano, Gentile da, 76
Fang Bin, 5
Farang, 132–33
Feiizhou Hualiko Huarem, 48
Ferdinand, king of Spain, 104–5, 285
Fernandes, Valentin, 78, 79
Fernandez-Cobo, Mariana, 269
Fernando, Don, of Portugal, 78
Ferrara, duke of, 201
Ferrello, Bartolome, 263, 264
Filarete, 216, 217, 218, 219
Fiore, Jacobeló del, 76
Fiore de la Mar (ship), 239, 240
firearms, 173–74, 219–30, 237
see also specific firearms
fireworks, 221–22
flamethrowers, 16, 21, 204, 219, 220–21, 222
flight, manned, 170–72
Florence, 83–93
Chinese delegation in, 38, 132, 134–36, 140, 161, 176, 233
Chinese female slaves in, 81, 82
Council of, 78–79, 90–91, 92, 158
Ponte Vecchio in, 174
pontificate in, 70, 93, 96, 124, 155, 161, 204
silk industry in, 200, 201, 204, 205
Venetian wealth and, 157
see also specific Florentinos; specific sites
Florida, 238, 252, 279, 280
Fontana, Giovanni di, 222–23, 224, 227, 240, 254
Forbidden City, 3, 4, 5, 14, 124, 233
Ford Bell Library, 111
Forlanni, Giovanni, 73–74
Foscari, Francesco, 78, 198
1421 (Menzies), xiii, 101, 102, 128
Frodsham, Charles, 111
Fulin, 132–33
Fustat, al-, 50, 51–52, 53–54
see also Cairo
Gadol, Joan, 156, 159, 164–65, 251
Galileo Galilei, 26, 27, 248–51
Galluzzi, Paolo, 184, 186, 187, 191–92, 193, 194, 195, 196
Galvão, Antonio, 78, 102, 126, 265
Gama, Vasco da, 10, 223
Gan De, 26, 250
Garciá de Paredes, Diego, 280
gems, 94, 95, 96, 119, 125
Genghis Khan, 55
Genius of China, The (Temple), 172, 197, 207–8
Genoa, 64, 65, 76, 85, 89, 155, 236
geometry, 159, 160, 236, 251
gifts, Chinese, 19–28
Giotto, 86
glass, 197
Globe Vert, 118
see also Green Globe, of 1506
gnomon, 23, 27, 36, 137, 140
Goff, J. R., 260, 261
gold
in the Andes, 274, 275, 280
in Australia, 252
Chinese trade in, 57, 120, 124–25
as currency, 57–58, 133, 134
in Egypt, 55, 57–58
in Florentine buildings, 90
in Japan, 96, 114, 120, 126
in Mali and Guinea, 58
silver and, 115
in Venetian buildings, 75, 76, 77
Gómez, Esteban, xi, 102
Gong Zhen, 17
Gonzagas family, 214
grain, 52
Grand Canal
in China, 206–9
in Lombardy, 210–11
Grayson, Cecil, 160
Greece, Greeks, xv–xvi, 176, 187, 253, 254
Green Globe, of 1506, 118, 121, 122, 125, 126–27, 128, 129–30, 131
Gregory X, pope, 123
Griffin, Admiral, 12, 14
Grotius, Hugo, 265
Guadeloupe, 106
Guicciardini, Francesco, 205
Guillemard, F. H. H., 98–99
guilt, Indian test for, 44
Gulf, Persian, 40, 41, 43, 47, 239
gunpowder, 16, 22, 41, 172, 187, 219–20, 221–23, 224–30, 253
Guo Shoujing, 18, 23–24, 25–26, 27, 30, 33, 35, 37, 125, 147, 150, 154, 163–64, 244, 245, 248
Gutenberg, Johannes, 150, 234
Gymnase Vosgien, 117
Hai Da Er, 18
Hall, Richard, 44
Han dynasty, 8–9, 16, 27, 167, 169, 197
Han Zhenghua, 48
Harrison, John, 152, 153
Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 188
Harvatye Mariakyr, 67, 70–71
Hayashida, Kenzo, 12
Heilbron, John, 91
helicopter rotor, 170, 175, 180–81
“Helicopters and Whirligigs” (Reti), 180–81
Heliopolis, 50, 51
Henry III, king of France, 71
Henry the Navigator, 287
Henry Tsai, 4
Henry V, king of England, 89
Herodotus, 50–51
Hibbert, Christopher, 205
Himalayan Mountains, 39
Historia Mongalorum (Pian del Carpine), 73
Histories (Herodotus), 50
History of Egypt in the Middle Ages, A (Poole), 51
History of the Inca Realm (Rostworowski), 273
Hobson, John, 199
Holdaway, R. N., 258
Hollingsworth, Mary, 89, 90
Hong Bao, 13, 42, 43, 44, 45, 131
Hong Wu, 4, 17, 18, 19, 132–33, 262
Hooke, Robert, 24, 27
Hormuz, 47, 48
Hormuz, Strait of, 41
House of Medici, The: Its Rise and Fall (Hibbert), 205
Hou Xian, 13
Hsuan Te, 266
see also Xuan De, emperor of China
Huarache, Claudio, 271–72
Hubson, R. L., 53–54
Hudson, Ian, 164
Hui Hsien, 167
Humboldt Current, 270–71
Huo Lung Chung, 226, 227
Hvar, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72
ibn Al-As Amir, 52
Ibn Battutah, 45
Ibn Khusrau, Nasir, 51
Ibn Tagri Birdi, 44
ibn Tulun, Ahmad, 52
Incas, 253, 271, 273–76, 278, 279, 280, 287
incense, 58
India
ambassadors from, 41
China known as, 99, 113, 121
Chinese trade with, 40, 46
civilization of, 271
Karim warehouses in, 54
on map in Venice, 77
monsoons in, 39
Nile Canal trade with, 52
ships from, 39–40
Indian Ocean, 28, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 67, 104, 128, 145, 223, 240, 277
Indians, North American, 264–65, 267, 268, 269–70
see also Native Americans
Institute and Museum of the History of Science (Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza), 184, 225
Institute of Archaeological Studies, U.S., 268
“Invention of the Parachute, The” (White), 177
iron, 22, 216–19, 221, 222, 226, 227, 231, 232, 237, 252, 257, 258, 265, 267
Isabella, queen of Spain, 104–5, 285
Islam, 18–19, 23, 40, 55–56, 57, 139, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288
see also Muslims
Itinerarium (William of Rubruck), 73
Jacob of Ancona, 73
Jacob’s staff, 16, 137, 140
Jamal ad-Din, 18, 154
James, Saint, 284, 286
Jang Min, 15, 17
Japan, 4, 12, 68, 77, 97, 114, 221, 250, 267, 269
Jebel Khamish, 43
Jerusalem, 64, 115, 238
Jervis, Jane, 136
Jesuits, 157–58, 249, 251, 272
Jews, 14, 46, 57, 73
Jiegantou Kingdom, 48
Jiménez de Quesada, Gonzalo, 280
Jingdezhen Kilns, 19
Jing doe Xianzhi (Jingde County Annals), 232
John, king of England, 285
John, king of Portugal, 241
John XXIII, pope, 87
Julio Tello site museum, 272
junks, Chinese
construction of, 11–12
crew of, 14, 20
description of, 41, 45–46
female slaves on, 20, 45, 46, 68, 70, 81, 82, 86–87
monsoons and, 39–40
in Red Sea–Nile canal, 48
repairs to, 11–12, 41, 71
towing of, in canals, 207
weapons on, 41, 45–46, 220–21, 222, 224, 227
see also ships, shipbuilding; wrecks, of Chinese junks
Jupiter, 26, 27, 146, 149, 150, 151, 249, 250
Kai Yuan Zhan Jing, 250
Kao Yang, 171
Karim, Karimi merchants, 40, 46, 54
Keddie, Grant, 267
Kepler, Johannes, 27, 146, 248
Khufu, pharaoh, 48
Kinsai, 95–96, 97, 100, 113, 118, 120, 122, 125
kite, 168–69, 224
Ko Hung, 170
Koshiya, Abu Hassan, 18
Kublai Khan, 10, 12, 23, 123, 207, 221
Laetentur Caeli (Brown), 90–91
lakes, clear-water, 32
Lambert, William, 153
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 260, 261–62
Lao-tzu, 125
Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 26
Larger, Benoit, 116, 117, 127
latitude
Arab concept of, 18
Chinese calculation of, 24, 29–38, 42–43, 142, 145, 147, 154, 176
Columbus’s calculation of, 151
declination tables of the sun to determine, 139
description and illustration of, 29, 30
ephemeris tables to determine, 112, 139, 140, 144–45, 151, 152, 153, 237, 243
errors in calculation of, 114, 127
on Waldseemüller’s map and Green Globe, 111–12, 122, 127
of wrecked junks in New Zealand, 262
Laurenziana Codex, 179, 180, 211, 212, 213
Laurenzian Library, 179, 204, 211
Lazari, V., 82
Le Loi, 3
Leonardo da Vinci, xiii–xiv, 84, 155, 157, 158–60, 164, 165, 166–76, 177, 195–96, 204, 211, 212, 213, 253
Leon Battista Alberti and the Night Sky at San Lorenzo (Beck), 92–93
Li Anshan, 48
Library of Congress, 110, 128
Li Qi, 15, 17
Lisbon, 78, 94, 95, 97, 100, 117, 118, 119, 120, 125
Liu Gang, 8, 9, 47, 129, 272, 273
Liu Hui, 163
Liu Manchum, 239
Livorno, 84
Li Xing, 13
Loaisa, Friar Jerónimo de, 280
locks, 196, 202, 204, 207–9, 211–14, 253
Lombardy, 210–13, 214
Lombe, John, 199–200
Long Fei, 266
longitude
Arab concept of, 18
Chinese calculation of, 24, 27, 29–38, 42–43, 129, 130, 142, 145, 147, 154, 176
Columbus’s calculation of, 130, 151–52, 243
description and illustration of, 29, 30
eclipses and, 27, 34, 151–52
ephemeris tables to determine, 112, 140, 144, 146, 150, 151–53, 237, 243
errors in calculation of, 37, 127, 130, 152
Jacob’s staff to determine, 137
on Waldseemüller’s map and Green Globe, 111–12, 122, 124, 127, 129
of wrecked junks in New Zealand, 262
Lorenzetti, Ambrogio, 86
Lorenzetti, Giulio, 73
Lovric, A. Z., 67–68, 69, 70
Lu Ban, 168–69
Lucien, 51
Lud, Nicholas, 117
Lud, Vautrin, 117
Ludi matematici (Alberti), 161, 162–63, 165
Lumi, 45, 132, 134
see also Papal States; Rome
Lunde, Paul, 40
Macedo, Justo Cáceres, 274
machines and mechanisms, 20–21, 166–96, 197–98, 199–204, 213–14, 217, 218, 253, 266
Machinis, De (Taccola), 182, 183, 184
Magellan, Ferdinand, xi–xii, xiv, 98, 101–4, 108, 110, 111, 112, 126, 129, 130, 238, 242
Magellan, Strait of, 78, 99, 101, 102–3, 112, 122, 126, 129, 130, 131
Ma Ha, 18
Mahdi, Al-, 52
Ma Huan, 43–44, 79
maize, 252, 275, 276
Makah, 266, 267
Madkrizi, al-, 52–53, 57
Malacca, 11, 40, 41, 239, 240
Malacca Strait, 39
Malik an-Nasir, al-, Sultan, 52
Mamluks, 45, 46, 53, 54, 58, 59, 72
mandarins, 3–5, 6
Mansur, Abu Ja’far al-, 52
Mantegna, Andrea, 214
Mantua, 76, 85
Manuel I, king of Portugal, 117
Maoris, 258–59, 260
map (s), 252, 286
Alberti’s, 164–65
Chinese, 45, 47, 48, 70–71, 129, 130, 238–41, 272, 275
colored symbols on, 68
Columbus, 106–7
Conti’s acquisition of, 44, 79
copies of, 235–36
di Virga’s, 66
at Doges’ Palace, 73–74, 77, 103, 128, 129, 130
Dom Pedro’s, 78
German, with Dalmatian names, 68
Harris, 128, 272
Leonardo’s, 165
Liu Gang’s 1418, 273
Mamluk authorities on, 59
Marco Polo’s, 128, 129, 130
Martellus’s, 127–28
Medici family’s patronage of, 87, 89, 157, 205
Piri Reis, xii, 130–31
Pizzigano’s 1424, 73, 151
Portuguese, 101, 102
Regiomontanus’s, 97–98, 108, 149, 153–54, 158
René II’s, 116
Schöner’s, 98, 99–100, 103–4, 107, 110, 112–14, 130, 131
Shanhai Yudi Quantu, 130
Toscanelli’s, 94–96, 97–98, 104, 119–26, 147, 158
Waldseemüller’s 1507, xi, xii, 99, 103, 106–7, 110–28, 129, 238, 265
world, 9, 29, 89, 116, 238–41
Zatta’s, 265
Zhu Siben’s, 128
see also Green Globe, of 1506
Mariano di Jacopo, 178
see also Taccola, Mariano di Jacopo “the Jackdaw”
Martellus, Henricus, 127–28
Martinez de Roriz, Canon, 104
see also Martins, Canon Fernan
Martin of Bohemia, 102
Martins, Canon Fernan, 94–97, 98, 118–19, 121, 126, 136, 140
Martin V, king of Aragon, 285
Martyrdom of the Franciscan Friars, The (Lorenzetti), 86
Masaccio, 156–57
Ma Sa Yi Hei, 18
Maskelyne, Nevil, 152–53
Mästlin, Michael, 248
mathematics, 16, 125, 142, 145, 147–49, 176, 250, 251, 253, 254
Matzen, Andrew, 261
Mauro, Fra, 73, 89
Maya, the, 260, 279, 287
Mayer, Simon, 250
Mayor of Zalamea, The (Calderón de la Barca), 282
Ma Zheng, 19
McGee, Timothy J., 88
McMillan, Hamilton, 242
Mecca, 23, 44, 45, 46, 47, 52, 56
Mechanical Problems, The, 187
Medici, Cosimo de’, 89, 90, 205
Medici, Giovanni de’, 87, 88, 93
Medici, Lorenzo de’, 90, 117
Medici family, 87–88, 89–90, 93, 157, 158, 200, 204–5, 219, 224
medicine, Arab and Chinese, 237
Medina-Sidonia, duchess of, 240, 242
Mediterranean, xv, 41, 43, 48, 53, 58, 59, 63, 70, 71, 77, 86, 201
Mengxi Bitan (Shen), 231
mensa, 88–89, 158
Menzies, Marcella, xiii, 50, 65, 66, 75, 106, 115, 166, 177, 181, 206, 214, 273
Merchant of Predo, The (Origo), 58
Mesta, the, 282–83
Milan, 89, 166, 201, 210–11, 212, 214–15, 236, 253
Ming dynasty, 4, 5, 8, 9, 18, 19, 24, 37, 45, 54, 64, 132–33, 134, 137, 188, 227, 232–33, 239, 266
Ming Shi-lu, 5, 10, 45, 47, 48, 266
Ming Shi Waigua Zhuan, 47
Mirabilia (Sévérac), 73
mirrors, 183
Misr, 50, 51–52, 53–54
see also Cairo
Mithridates II, 197
Mocenigo, Tommaso, 76, 198
Mongols, 5, 6, 54–55, 69, 70, 80, 80, 81–82, 86–87, 135, 221, 269
see also Avars
monsoons, 39, 42
moon, 26, 27, 29–38, 43, 90–91, 92, 135, 137, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 243, 250
Morocco, 45
Morrison, Tony, 130
mortars, 16, 174, 221, 222, 223, 253
Mosili, 47
see also Cairo
Muhammad, 55
Mui, Rosa, 26, 250
Muiz, Caliph, 51–52
Müller, Johann, 143
see also Regiomontanus
München Codex 197, 223
Munoz, Inez, 280
Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera, 271–72
music, 236, 251
muskets, 219
Muslims, 18–19, 23–24, 44, 45, 124
see also Islam
Nanjing
astronomers in, 35
language school in, 124
navigation from, 6, 33, 36, 37, 39
shipbuilding in, 11
Zheng He 2002 conference at, 239
Zhu Di’s victory at, 4
Narwhal, HMS, 30, 32, 65
Native Americans, 71
see also Indians, North American
Natural History (Pliny), 51
Nautical Almanac, 152–53
navigation
Arab, 17–19, 40, 154
author’s experience in, 144
Chinese, 17, 18, 27–39, 40–43, 128, 129, 139–40, 149–51, 238, 241, 272
ephemeris tables for, 43, 98, 112, 140, 144–48, 149–53, 164, 187, 237, 243, 244, 245
importance of improved techniques for, 17, 19, 29, 252
inscriptions on charts, vii from Nanjing, 6, 33, 36, 37, 39
Peruvian, 274
printing valuable for, 235–36
“Starry Night” software for, 90, 150–51
sun declination tables for, 72, 138–39, 140, 146–47, 156, 158, 160, 243
Venetian, 72
see also specific navigational tools; specific navigators
“Navigator Ahmad Ibn Majid, The” (Lunde), 40
Necho II, pharaoh, 50, 51
Needham, Joseph, 15, 21, 139, 149, 153, 161, 164, 170, 189–90, 197, 203–4, 209, 218, 219, 223, 232–33, 234
Nei Kulan, 132–33
Nelson, Horatio, 41
Newman, Thomas M., 266
New Theory of Planets, A (Peurbach), 143–44
Newton, Sir Isaac, 27, 247, 250
New World, 140, 144, 152, 157, 237, 241, 243, 252
see also America; North America; South America
New Zealand, 257–63, 264, 276
Ng Say Tiong, 27
Nicholas of Cusa, 88, 121, 126, 134, 141–42, 143, 145–46, 154, 155, 158, 163, 243, 245, 248, 251, 254
Nicholas V, pope, 158
Nilometer, 52
Noble Spaniard, The (Maugham), 281–82
Nom de l’Amérique, Le (Ronsin), 118
North America
Chinese expedition to, 9, 43
Chinese horses in, 252, 277
copper in, 252
Croatian expedition to, 66–67, 70–71, 241–42
maps of, xii, 73–74, 77, 112–13, 128, 129
tsunami in, 266–69
see also America; New World; South America
North Pole, 9, 32, 33, 42
see also Arctic Pole
Notay, pope, 158
Notebook on Sea Bottom Currents, 17
Notes on the Barbarians, 9
Notes on the Barbarians in the Western Oceans, 47
Novick, Gabriel, 271
Nujun AzZahira Fi Mulek Misr Wal Kahira, Al (Tagri Birdi), 44
Nung Shu, 20–21, 175, 188, 189–94, 195, 197–98, 201–2, 209, 211, 212, 213, 216, 232
oak, 72
observatories, 23, 137, 145, 260, 261
Oliver, John, 34
Olschki, Leonardo, 86–87
Omar Khayyám, 287
Onslaught, HMS, 12
operas, 88
Oregon, Chinese presence, 263–65
Orellana, Francisco de, 280, 281
Oriental Ceramic Society of France, 53
Origo, Iris, 58, 82
Ospedale Maggiore (Filarete), 216
Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, 69, 70, 92
Ozette Archaeological Project Research Reports, 266–67
Pachacuti, 276
Pacific Ocean, 110, 111, 112, 113, 121, 122, 128, 129, 130, 131, 238, 242, 270, 277, 281
Pan Biao, 11
Papal States, xv, 45, 87, 132–33, 134, 205
see also Catholic Church; Jesuits; specific popes
parachute, 169, 170, 175, 177–79, 196
Parenti, Marco, 98
Parsons, William, 212
Pascal, Blaise, 15–16
Passaro, Berenzo de, 212
Patagonia, xiii, 67, 101, 130, 131
Paul III, pope, 245
Paulus the Physician, 119
see also Toscanelli, Paolo
Payn, Marshall, 34
Pazzi family, 224
pearls, 20, 21, 96, 114, 120, 122, 125, 126, 133
Peckar, Stephen F., 261
Pedro, Dom, king of Portugal, 73, 77, 78, 79, 102, 126
Pelletier, Monique, 127
pepper, 95, 119, 122, 125
Pepys, Samuel, 24
perfume, 57, 58
Perii, Marijana, 69
Persia, Persians, 47, 57, 197, 219
Persian Gulf, 41, 43, 47, 239
perspective, 90, 143, 156–57, 158, 159–63, 165, 176, 195–96, 251, 253
Peru, 252, 269–70, 271–76, 280
Peruzzi family, 74
Peters, Winston, 259
Peter the Great, czar of Russia, 72
Peurbach, 143, 144, 145, 156, 246
Philippines, 68, 102
Pian del Carpine, Giovanni da, 73
Piero Averlino, Antonio di, 216
see also Filarete
Pigafetta, Antonio, 102
pigs, 215, 262, 268, 278
pine, 11, 72
Pinturicchio, 133, 134
Pisa, 84, 89, 165, 204, 248
Pisanello, Antonio, 76, 79–81, 134, 135, 214, 254
Pius II, pope, 133, 134, 205
Pizarro, Francisco, 253, 272, 273, 274, 275, 278, 280, 281, 287
Pizarro family, 278, 280, 282, 283
Pizzigano, Zuane, 73, 151
planets, 26, 27, 29–38, 135, 137, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153–54, 157, 159, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 253
see also Jupiter
Plato, 57
Pliny, 51
plumb lines, 16
Polaris, 26, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 42, 43
Pollux, 43
Polo, Bellela, 129
Polo, Marco, 65, 73, 77, 79, 95, 103, 120, 122–23, 124–25, 126, 128, 129, 171–72, 207
Polo, Niccolò, 73, 95, 120, 123
polynyas, 32
Ponce de León, Juan, 238
Poole, Stanley Lane, 46–47, 51
porcelain, 40, 44, 52, 53–54, 81, 266, 267
Pordenone, Odoric of, 73
Portugal, Portuguese, 104, 115, 121, 127, 239, 240, 241, 242–43, 284, 287
potatoes, 276
Powers, Major, 265
Prager, Frank D., 182, 183
Prazak, Charles, 242
“Pre-Columbian Discovery of America, The” (Cortesão), 241
Prehispanic Cultures of Peru (Machedo), 274
printing, 125, 145, 174–75, 188, 231–37, 252, 253
Profiles of Foreign Countries, 134
Promis, Carlo, 180
Ptolemy, 51, 132, 139, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147, 153, 154, 159, 164, 176, 243, 244, 247, 249
Puerto Rico, 106, 126, 151
Pula, 133
Pulau Rondo, 37, 42
Qin dynasty, 48
Qing dynasty, 47
Quanzhou, 40, 46, 124, 174
Raban Sauma (Odoric), 73
Ramusio, Giambattista, 73
Raspadura Canal, 130
Reconquista, the, 281, 282, 284–85, 286
Records of Journeys to the Western Region, 9
Records on Tributes from Western Oceans, 47
Redmount, Carol A., 50
Red Sea, 39–48, 77, 239
Red Sea–Nile canal, 45, 48–59, 70
Regiomontanus, 97–98, 101, 108, 112, 114, 118, 121, 134, 138, 139, 140, 142–54, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 164, 165, 238, 243–48, 251, 254
Reid, Anthony, 11
remainder theorum, Chinese, 147–49, 161
René II, duke of Lorraine, 115, 116, 117, 118
Reti, Ladislao, 179–81
Revolutionibus orbium coelestieum, De (Copernicus), 245, 246
Ribero, Diego, 272, 275
rice, 199, 201–4, 205, 209, 214, 252, 253, 257, 267
Richard, Helene, 127
Ringman, Matthias, 117
Roberti, Ercole, 76
rockets, 221, 222, 253
Rodrigues, Francisco, 239
Rodriguez Cabrillo, Juan, 263
Rogers, F. M., 77, 78–79
Roman Empire, Romans, xv–xvi, 85, 132, 176, 187, 201, 253, 254
Rome, 52, 86, 87, 134, 158, 164, 182, 204, 213
Ronsin, Albert, 115, 117–18, 127
Roriz, Martinez de, 94
Rorqual, HMS, 12, 81
Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, María, 273, 274
Royal Navy, 12, 14, 138, 152
Rubruck, William of, 73
Ruggiero, Marino, 242
Ruiz, Bartholome, 274
sacrifice, ritual, 275
sailors, 20
Saint Mark’s Basilica, 64, 75–76, 77
Saladin, 54–55
Salvestrini family, 181
San Antonio, xi
Sandaucourt, Jean-Basin de, 117
San Lorenzo, Church of, 89, 90, 91, 92–93, 137, 159, 160
Santa Maria del Fiore, Cathedral of, 83–84, 92–93, 136, 137–38, 140, 155, 158
Santiago, Order of, 284–85
Santinello, Giovanni, 158
Santini, Paolo, 223
Scaglia, Gustina, 182, 183, 186–87
Scaglieri family, 214
Schöner, Johannes, xii, 98, 99–100, 101, 103–4, 107–8, 109, 110, 112–14, 121, 131, 165
Schroeter, J. Fr., 152
Scott, Captain, 131
Self, A. G., 98
Sesostris, 51
Sévérac, Jordan de, 73
Seville Cathedral, 151
Sforza, Francesco, 210–11, 212
Sforza, Galeazzo, 201
Shah Rokh, 5
Shan Hai Ching Kuang Chu, 171
Shanhai Yudi Quantu, 128, 129, 130
Shapiro, Sheldon, 202–3
Sheban, 19
sheep, 278, 282, 285
Shen Kua, 209, 231, 232
Shih Hsu Pai, 220–21
ships, shipbuilding
Arab, 81
astrologers and geomancers on, 41
Chinese, 11–15, 39–40, 41–42, 273–74
in Chinese ports, 40, 95, 119
designs of, 183, 236–37
in Florence, 84
from India, 39–40
interpreters on, 15, 16, 41
locks for, 196, 202, 204, 207–9, 211–14, 253
Spanish, 286
in Venetian ports, 74–75
weapons on, 220–21, 222, 224, 227
see also boat, paddle-wheel; junks, Chinese; specific ships
Shu-shu Chiu-chang, 16, 148–49, 161, 162–63
Shu Xian, 47
Shuyu Zhouzi Lu (Yan), 18, 133
Siderius nuncius [Starry messenger] (Galileo), 249
silk, 40, 44, 46, 52, 57, 65, 73, 74, 76, 81, 87, 197–201, 204–5, 214, 272, 275
Silk Road, 69
silver
from the Andes, 253, 274, 275, 284
in Cairo markets, 55, 57
Chinese trade in, 197
as currency, 19, 133, 134
gold and, 115
in Saint-Dié, 115
Sima Qian, 169
Simocatta, Theophylactis, 132
sine tables, 143, 243–44
Sixtus V, pope, 224
slaves, female, 20, 45, 46, 68, 70, 81, 82, 86–87
Soderini, Gonfalier Pier, 117
solar system, 90–91, 157, 159, 176, 243, 245
see also specific parts of the solar system
Song dynasty, 15, 22, 46, 134, 219, 220
South America
Asian chickens in, 252
Croatian expedition to, 67
Guadelupe Virgin image in, 284
Incas in, 287
Magellan’s expedition to, 101, 130
maps of, 77, 103, 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 127, 128, 129, 238, 242
snails from, 252
sweet potatoes from, 252
wrecked Chinese junks in, 269–77
see also America; New World; North America
Southern Cross, 240
South Pole, 131
Souza Tavares, Francis de, 78
Spain, Spanish, 253, 278–88
Spencer, John, 216–17
Speyer, Johanne von, 235
Spice Islands, 130, 239, 240
spices, 57, 58, 65, 74, 94, 95, 97, 119, 120, 122, 125, 240
Spini family, 87
squares, 15, 16
Sri Lanka, 38, 40, 42
“Starry Night” (software), 90, 150–51
stars, 27–28, 29–38, 42, 43, 90–91, 92, 93, 108, 135, 137, 140, 142, 144, 145, 146, 157, 243, 247
steel, 14, 214, 216–19, 223, 227, 252
Steele, Harvey, 266
Stock, Manuel, 240
Strabo, 51
Strozzi family, 89
Sui dynasty, 207, 231
Sumatra, 42
sun, 25–26, 27, 29–38, 43, 90–91, 92, 135, 137–39, 140, 141, 142, 145, 146–48, 149, 150, 151, 153–54, 156, 158, 159, 160, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 253
sundials, 145
Sung dynasty, 54, 168, 169, 221, 226
surveying, 16, 149, 157, 159, 163, 164–65, 183
sweet potatoes, 252
Swerdlow, Noel M., 245, 246, 247
Tabula (Regiomontanus), 108
Tabulae diretorium (Copernicus), 244
Taccola, Mariano di Jacopo “the Jackdaw,” 181–87
Alberti and, 158, 212, 213
on Chinese inventions, 161, 163, 164, 189–94, 202–3, 204, 209, 211, 216, 222, 223, 224, 226, 227, 254
di Georgio and, xiv, 182, 184–87, 211, 212
Leonardo da Vinci and, xiv, 195–96, 212
Tafur, Piero, 44
Taicang stele, 9, 13
Tai Peng Wang, xiii, 17, 27–28, 37, 40, 42, 45, 132
Talks at Fisherman’s Rock (Shih), 220–21
Tamburlaine, 54
Tang dynasty, 8, 9, 54, 197, 206, 207, 219, 231
Tang Xiren, 37, 42
Ta-Yen rule, 148–49, 161
Tazi merchant, 46
teak, 11
telescope, 145, 249, 250
Tello, Julio, 273
Temple, Robert, 207, 221
theft, 57
Thompson, Gunnar, 66, 128, 129
Tian Wen Shu, 18
Tibet, 77, 82, 207
Tierra del Fuego, 126, 131, 279
time, Chinese calculation of, 36–37
Times Atlas of World Exploration, The, xii
torquetum, 34, 140, 142, 143, 145, 154, 158
Toscanelli, Paolo, xiv, 83, 88, 89, 90, 93, 94–100, 101, 104, 107, 109, 113, 114, 118–26, 127, 128, 130, 134, 136–40, 142, 143, 147, 149, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164, 182, 238, 242, 243, 248, 251, 254
Trattato manuscripts, 179–80, 181, 193, 195, 203, 204, 211
Travels of the Infante, Dom Pedro of Portugal, The (Rogers), 77–78
trebuchet, 225
triangles, right-angle, 16
trigonometry, 15, 16, 18, 26, 136, 143, 147, 158, 163, 183, 244
Tso Chuan, 167
tsunami, 259–68, 269–70, 276–77
Tsunami: The Underrated Hazard (Bryant), 259–60
Tupac Yupanqui, 273, 275, 276
Tuscany, 20, 82, 86–87, 157, 200, 224
see also Florence
Uhle, Max, 273
Ulugh Begh, 139
Uzielli, Gustavo, 98, 121, 147
Valdivia, Pedro de, 280
Vancouver, George, 265
Vancouver Island, 74, 264–66, 267, 268–69
Vecci, Giustizieri, 235
Veneziano, Antonio, 76
Venice, Venetians, 77–82
Alexandria route to, 69, 70, 71, 72–73
Chinese female slaves in, 68
Chinese trade with, 38, 73, 242–43
Croatian coast controlled by, 241–42
DNA of, 69, 71
Eugenius IV born in, 96
Florence and, 86, 198
galleys built and manned by, 41, 71–72
Ottoman navy defeated by, 92
patent law in, 200–201
Piedmont and, 215
printing in, 234–37
silk industry in, 200–201, 204
spice trade with, 58
wealth of, 64–65, 74–76, 85, 157
see also specific sites; specific Venetians
Verona, 76, 79, 80, 198, 199, 200, 214–15
Vespucci, Amerigo, 38, 89, 112, 117–18, 127, 129, 130, 139, 140, 151, 152, 243
Vicenza, 76, 198, 200
Vienna, Austrian National Library in, 108
Viracocha, emperor of the Incas, 280
Visconti, Filippo, 210
Visconti family, 89
Vitruvius, 187
Waldseemüller, Martin, xi, xii, 99, 103, 106–7, 110–28, 129, 165, 238, 265
Walther, Bernard, 108
Wang Chen, 168, 188, 201
Wang Gui, 19
Wang Heng, 13
Wang Jinghong, xv, 7, 13, 43
Wang Qi, 129
Wang Zhen, 232
Washington Potters, 268
water clock, Chinese, 36–37
water levels, 16
weapons, 21, 41, 45–46, 171–74, 175, 182, 187, 219–30, 237, 253
see also specific weapons
weavers, weaving, 134, 200
Wertime, Theodore A., 217–18
wheat, 52, 201
White, Lynn, 82, 177
Whyte, Adele, 258–59
Wieser, Franz Von, 66
Wollongong University, 260, 261
wool, 86, 87, 200, 275, 280, 282
wrecks, of Chinese junks, 10
on American west coast, 263–64, 266–70
in Australia, 262–63
in Japan, xiv, 221
machines for lifting, xiv in New Zealand, 257, 258, 259–62
in Western Canada, 263–65
Wu-ching Tsung-yao, 21, 204, 226
Wu Ti, 197
Wu Zheng, 19
Wu Zhong, 13
Xheng He, 123–24
Xia Yuanji, 5
Xi Feilong, 37, 42
Xi Longfei, 10
Ximénes, Leonardo, 138
Xiyu Shu, 18
Xi Zezong, 26, 250
Xuan De, emperor of China, xiii, xv, 6, 7, 8, 14, 19, 20, 22, 24, 41–42, 45, 81, 124, 235, 265–66
Xuanzong Shi-lu, 7
Yan Congjian, 18, 133
Yang, emperor of China, 207
Yang Xi, 37, 42
Yang Yao, 22
Yang Zhen, 13
Yen, Prince of, 4
see also Zhu Di, emperor of China
Yongle, 4, 17
see also Zhu Di, emperor of China
Yongle Dadian, 14–16, 164, 233
Yoshamya, Mitjel, 67, 68
You Ton, 47
Yuan dynasty, 4, 17, 18, 23, 24, 54, 129, 132, 135, 220, 232, 268
Yuan shi-lu, 24, 135
Yu Lizi, 132
Yung Lo, 54, 266
see also Zhu Di, emperor of China
Zaiton, 95, 119, 122
Zatta, Antonio, 74, 265
Zhang Da, 13
Zhang Xing Gang, 48
Zhanzon, emperor of China, 220
Zhao Ruqua, 46, 134
Zheng Ah Li, 18
Zheng He
achievements of, 7–8, 9–10
as ambassador, bearing gifts, 19–20, 24, 27, 28, 238, 241
America expedition, 71, 129–31, 239
Arabs and, 40
astronomical knowledge imparted by, 243
Cairo expedition, 42, 47, 48, 55, 56, 57, 59, 72
2002 conference on, 239
Conti and, 44, 79
on Dalmatian coast, 65, 66, 67, 70
death of, 43
fleet destroyed by a tsunami, 257, 258–77
fleet preparations, 3–4, 6, 10–14, 134
Florence expedition, 70, 123–24, 134–35, 161, 176, 197, 233
in Hormuz, 48
India journey, 42, 43–44
language school established by, 124
Ma Huan historian of, 43–44, 79
in Mecca, 47
as a Muslim, 18–19, 45, 56, 124
navigational aids of, 17, 18, 27–28, 37–38, 40, 42–43, 128, 129, 139–40, 149–51, 238, 241, 272
pope and, 123–24, 134–35, 243
printing during time of, 40, 187–88, 233, 235–36
religious tolerance observed by, 124
route of, 42–43
silk during the time of, 197
sponsorship of, xv, 4, 6, 7, 9–10
tomb of, 80
Venice expedition, 70, 71, 75, 81, 209, 222, 223, 235–36
weapons on ships of, 41, 222, 223
Yongle Dadian and, 15–16, 164, 233
Zhou Man, 13
Zhou Xin Yan, 26, 250
Zhu Di, emperor of China, xiii, 3, 4–5, 14, 15, 17, 19, 24, 45, 47, 54, 80, 124, 132, 133, 134, 232–33, 265–66
Zhufan Zhi (Zhao), 134
Zhu Gaozhi, 5–6
Zhu Liang, 13
Zhu Siben, 125, 128
Zhu Zhanji, emperor of China, 6, 41–42, 135
see also Xuan De, emperor of China
Zhu Zhen, 13
Zinner, Ernst, 98, 149, 150, 153–54, 243, 244, 245
Zonghua, 47
Zuilkarnain, 48