Abolitionists
-British, 13, 52–56
-Northern, 5, 41, 48, 52–59, 129, 212, 213, 221, 275, 290
Aby, Samuel, 153
Adams, John Quincy, 47
Africa, 15, 68, 76, 209–210, 211–216, 220–222, 271, 293, 294, 302, 305, 311
African American(s)
-enslaved (see also slaves), 6, 14, 26, 37, 40, 92, 234
-free, 158–159, 200, 233, 271, 292, 313
-labor, 159, 193, 199–200
-support of missionary work, 210–217, 218–223
African Baptist Missionary Society, 213
African Methodist Episcopal Church, 220, 221
Agriculture (see also plantation economy)
-census data on, 124, 125, 126
-diversification of, 15, 94, 95, 98, 134, 152, 191–192, 197, 277, 278
-historians’ approach to, 8, 68, 69, 73
-markets for, 66–72
-modern techniques, 11, 13, 29, 66–84, 235
-Native Americans and, 234–235, 238, 241
-slavery and, 15, 72–77, 97, 121, 131, 193
-Southern urbanization and, 149, 151
Alabama, 72, 80, 110, 111, 114, 149, 169, 210, 222, 235, 260, 276, 278, 280, 282, 300
Alcorn, James, 280
Alexander, J. H., 274
Alexandria (La.), 115
Alexandria (Va.), 108, 109, 157, 271, 272
American Colonization Society, 213–216, 221–222
American Revolution, 25, 32–33, 38, 236, 250, 290, 301
Anderson, Joseph, 275
Annapolis (Md.), 109
Antislavery, 41, 49, 51–52, 57–59, 72, 80, 129, 154, 157, 160, 170, 211
Appalachia, 121, 152, 306
Argentina, 155
Arkansas, 36, 72, 120, 123, 151, 176, 181, 231, 238, 278
Arkwright, Richard, 299
Armfield, John, 108
Artisan workers, 67, 73, 78, 88, 93, 95, 99, 134, 157, 189, 192–193, 196, 198–199, 201, 252, 275, 277, 278
Asia, 5, 68, 70, 76, 294, 299, 302, 305, 311
Augusta County (Va.), 192, 312
Autauwga County (Ala.), 169
Ayers, Edward L., 16, 192, 312
Baker, Daniel, 259
Baldwin County (Ala.), 169
Ball, Charles, 104, 114
Ballard, Rice, 109–110
Baltimore, 18, 109, 115, 145–146, 155, 158, 159, 160, 172, 200, 220, 270, 271, 272, 273, 275
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (B&O), 170, 271
Baptist, Edward, 190, 194
Baptists, 210, 213–214, 217–218, 220, 221–222, 231, 233, 241
Barnes, L. Diane, 252
Bateman, Fred, 131, 190, 277
Bauman, Zygmunt, 10
Bayly, C. A., 10, 305
Bayly, Thomas H., 131
Beard, Joseph, 105
Beauregard, P. G. T., 159
Bederman, Gail, 249–250
Bemo, John, 238
Benevolent empire, 47, 53, 59
Bennet, Seneca, 115
Benning, Henry, 282
Berlin, Ira, 92
Bethel Church, 219
Black Ball Line, 109
Blacks. See African Americans.
Blacksmiths, 105, 189, 194–195, 197–201, 251
Blakey & McAfee, 113
Blassingame, John, 93, 97
Blesser, Carol, 247, 258
Blue Ridge Railroad, 172
Blue Ridge tunnel, 173–174
Bonner, Robert, 18
Boorstin, Daniel, 247
Border South, 14
-economic development in, 120–129, 135–137
-industrialization and, 123, 130, 277
-opposition to slavery in, 273–275
-slavery in, 133–135, 157, 270, 273, 278, 283
Border states (see also border South), 32, 157, 270, 273–275, 277, 278
Boudinot, Elias, 228–229
Bowen, Thomas Jefferson, 221
Boydston, Jeanne, 261
Brazil, 8, 76, 155, 195, 289, 293, 302
Breckinridge, John, 273
Brisbane, Albert Hall, 179
British empire, (see also Great Britain)
-economic competition with South
-economic ties to, 30–31, 35
-emancipation in, 5, 9
Brown, Edward, 95
Brown, Henry “Box”, 217–218, 220
Brown, John, 114
Browning, Moore & Co., 172
Bruin, Joseph, 113
Brunswick (Ga.), 179
Buckingham, James Silk, 241
Burckhardt, Jacob, 298
Burke, Edmund, 299
Butler, George M., 235
Byrd, William, II, 253, 255
Calhoun, John C., 28, 31, 35, 56–57, 180, 181, 273, 274, 304
Call, Richard Keith, 40
Campbell, John, 90
Campbell, L., 219
Campbell, Walter, 111
Capitalism, 6, 7, 9, 299, 309, 313
-modernity and, 10, 12, 190
-slavery and, 8, 14, 190–191, 310
Carleton, David L., 312
Carter, St. Leger Landon, 51
Cary, Lott, 213, 215, 216, 221
Cattle herding, 229, 232–234
Chapel, Andrew, 219
Chaplin, Joyce, 73
Charleston (S. C.), 34, 106, 107, 115, 152, 154, 157, 158, 159, 160, 169, 209, 212, 219, 273
Chase, Salmon P., 170
Cheeseman, John H., 221
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 240
Cherokee Phoenix, 228, 239
Cherokees, 228–229, 233, 235, 239–240, 241
-education and, 238–239
-slaveholding and, 236
Chesapeake region, 110, 157, 300
Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope (Lord), 250–251
-conception of manhood, 251, 253, 257
Chickasaws, 229, 234, 236, 239, 240, 241
China, 18
Choctaw Academy, 238
Choctaws, 229, 232, 234, 235, 236, 238, 239, 240
Christianity (see also missionary work), 40, 212, 216, 217, 220, 221, 223, 228, 230, 238, 241, 299, 306
-as challenge to slavery
-as justification for slavery, 37, 38–39, 40, 215, 221
Civil War
-causes of, 9, 16, 18, 80–81, 120, 312–313
-conceptual marker for Old South, 3, 5, 11, 171, 301, 313
-counterfactuals and, 14, 123, 157
-effects of, 81, 133–134, 160, 174
-fears of, 33
as a global event, 16, 288–295, 305
-historians and, 6, 9, 120
-new technology and, 294
Cities, 9, 11, 15, 31, 32, 78, 88, 95, 107, 110, 145–151
-controls placed on slaves in, 158
-slavery in, 156–158
-urban networks and, 151–156
City Point Railroad, 197
Claiborne, John F. H., 282
Claiborne, William, 234
Clarke, Erskine, 211
Clarkson, Thomas, 54
Class (see also planters), 88, 91, 107, 145, 167, 170, 247, 256, 279, 311
-divisions among, 32, 57, 191
-emerging middle class, 11, 78, 193, 197–201, 252, 311
Clay, Henry, 274, 280
Clinton, Catherine, 249, 250
Coal mining, 124, 157, 193
Coclanis, Peter, 312
Coker, Daniel, 221
Colburn, Zerah, 171–172
Cold War, 7, 10, 152, 294, 309
Colonization, African (see also, African Colonization Society), 47, 68, 210, 213–216, 221–222, 271
Columbia (S.C.), 219
Confederacy (C.S.A.), 5, 81, 96, 98, 181, 236, 275, 281, 289, 291, 292, 294, 295, 313
Congress, U. S., 56, 70, 71, 80, 159, 229, 240, 279
-slaveholders in, 17, 120, 180
Constitution, Confederate, 282–283
Constitution, U.S., 3, 28, 30, 34, 36
Constitutional thought (see U.S. Constitution)
Constitutional Union Party, 79–80, 273
Corn Dance, 235
Cotton, 3, 13, 14, 16, 18, 51, 57, 74–81
-Great Britain and, 35, 71–72
-and Southern political economy, 69, 72, 79–80
-prices, 69–71
-and secession, 80
-seed hybridization, 74–75
Cotton gin, 74, 234
Covington & Ohio Railroad (C&O), 174
Cowkeeper, 232
Craft, Henry, 251
Creek Civil War, 235
Creeks, 229, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241
Crofts, Daniel W., 191
Crozet, Claudius, 173
Cuba, 15, 18, 289, 293, 301
-agricultural competition from, 79
-cities in, 149, 155
-slavery in, 71, 76, 155, 289
Culture
-modernity and, 10, 15, 248
-Native American, 230, 242, 304, 314
-Southern, 3, 5–6, 7, 16, 39, 168, 258, 270, 310–311, 313
Curry, Jabez, 34, 41
Curtain, Michael, 251
Curtain, Thomas, 98
Danville (Va.), 157
Darwin, Charles, 9, 298, 299
Davis, David Brion, 311
Davis, Henry Winter, 159
Davis, Jefferson, 28, 33, 36, 281
Day, John, 221–222
DeBow, J. D. B., 30, 32, 159, 273
Deep South, 58, 72, 110, 112, 121, 122, 128, 136, 273–274, 277, 279–281, 283
-lack of industrialization, 123, 270, 278
-plantation agriculture in, 74, 76
Degler, Carl, 8
Delaware, 120, 123, 128, 270, 274, 278
Delaware (Indians), 229
Democratic Party, 159, 160, 179–180, 273
Democracy, 17, 25, 26, 40, 41, 147, 160, 252, 288, 294, 299, 304
-influence on secession, 41–42
DeSaussure, Louis, 106
Dew, Charles, 91, 94
Deyle, Steven, 122
Dickens, Charles, 49, 51
Dickens, Thomas, 113
Distinctiveness, Southern, 19, 28, 154, 313
Dixon, Harry St. John, 256, 259
D. M. Pulliam & Co., 112
Doughfaces, 57–58, 59
Douglass, Frederick, 114, 156, 167
Downey, Tom, 197
Drayton, William, 95
Drescher, Seymour, 314
Duberman, Martin, 258, 260
Durkheim, Emile, 9
East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad, 176
Easterlin, Richard, 135–136
Easton (Md.), 109
Economy, 13, 78, 128, 136, 173, 189, 197–199, 252, 271, 280, 293–294, 295, 306, 311
-agricultural development and, 192, 231, 270, 290
-debate over slavery and, 8, 14, 32, 75, 81, 150, 190–191, 193
-Native American, 232–233, 237
-Southern compared to Northern, 121–122, 133–135, 314
-Southern compared to global, 67–68, 70, 312
-slaves’ internal, 87–94, 98–99
-slave trade and, 104–108, 111–112, 116
Ecuador, 155
Education, 155, 221, 271
-Native Americans and, 237–239, 240
-military academies, 11–12, 252
Edwards, Laura, 7, 251
Egnal, Marc, 156, 283
Elam, R. H., 112, 114
Eltis, David, 312
Emancipation
-in British empire, 13, 71
-causes of, 18, 81, 291
-effects of in South, 5, 70, 71, 76, 218, 240
-global significance, 16, 70, 71, 76, 81, 288–295, 311
-movement for, 160
-perceptions of, 41, 54, 57, 59, 70, 211, 216, 274
Emancipation Proclamation, 291
Engerman, Stanley, 8, 195
Eppes, Susan Bradford, 96
Eppes, Richard, 197, 198
Europe
-commercial policies, 67–68, 70, 73, 75, 78, 79
-compared to South, 5, 7, 25, 75, 76, 147, 148, 195, 230, 241, 254, 302, 303, 311
-competition from, 5, 67, 82 n 10
-consumer market of, 67–68, 70, 76, 80, 179, 272, 291
-exchange of ideas and people, 159, 273, 289, 291, 303, 304, 377
-Native Americans and, 230, 231
-sexual practices in, 254
-“standard” of modernity, 9, 10, 12, 39, 289, 312
-views of the South, 290, 291, 300
Exceptionalism, 4, 19, 26
Factories, 5, 15, 67, 71, 93, 98, 129, 152, 192, 196, 200, 201, 275, 289, 294, 306, 312
Family, 12, 18, 39, 42, 50, 89, 97, 99, 153, 156, 174
-structures of, 91, 95, 250, 252, 253, 309
Faust, Drew Gilpin, 257–258
Fayetteville (N.C.), 219
Federalism, 29
Federalists, 34
First African Baptist Church (Richmond), 210, 217
First Seminole War, 232
Fitzhugh, George, 29, 30, 37, 38, 55, 159, 174, 272
Fitzsimmons, Catherine, 246, 254, 257
Fogel, Robert, 8, 131, 135, 195
Follett, Richard, 75
Forret, Jeff, 90
Forsythe, John, 276
Fort, Henry, 96
Foster, Thomas A., 115
Foucault, Michel, 248, 255
Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth, 7, 8, 306
France, 26, 31, 148, 149, 173, 195, 231, 289, 291, 302
Franklin & Armfield, 108–110
Franklin, Isaac, 108, 109, 115
Franklin, James, 109
Fredericksburg (Va.), 109
Free labor ideology, 121, 192
Free Soil Party, 41, 76, 79, 273
Freemasons, 106
French Revolution, 34, 58, 299, 300
Gadsden, Thomas, 106
Gag rule, 56, 57, 240
Gallatin (Miss.), 153
Garrison, William Lloyd, 304
Gender
-as cultural construct, 5, 9, 247–249, 272, 309, 311
-roles, Native American, 235, 237
-roles, Southern, 16, 248–254, 256, 258–261
Genovese, Eugene D., 7, 8, 189, 250, 269, 277, 283, 306
Georgia, 30, 70, 71, 72, 73, 80, 88, 89, 91, 104, 115, 151, 171, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, 193, 219, 232, 239, 240, 259, 276, 278, 280, 282
Gillespie, Michele, 193
Globalism, 303
Glover, Lorri, 252
Goldfield, David, 88, 95, 146, 192
Grady, John, 96
Gramling, Michael, 94–95
Great Britain, 31, 35, 48, 68, 211, 231, 291
-cotton and
-critiques of slavery, 58
-Parliament, 48
-Southern intellectuals’ dialogue with, 49, 56
Great Lakes region, 122, 123
Green Corn Ceremony, 230, 235
Green, Jennifer, 11, 252
Haiti, 292, 300
Haitian Revolution in Saint
Domingue, 38, 53, 71, 289
Hammond, James Henry, 16, 31–32, 54, 55, 56, 57, 180, 246–248, 250, 251, 254, 257, 258–259, 261, 274, 275
Hammond, Marcus, 274
Harrison, W. P., 217, 218
Hawkins, Benjamin, 231, 234
Hemp, 69, 70–71, 73, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 129
Henderson, Julia Putnam, 50
Heyward, T. S., 106
Hilliard, Kathleen Mary, 90
Historicism, 301
Hobbes, Thomas, 298
Homosexuality, 16, 258, 260
Honor, 5, 16, 25, 41, 42, 115, 159, 247, 248–250, 257–258
Hoolatahomba, 239
Hooper, Johnson Jones, 252
Hudson, Larry, Jr., 152
Hughes, Henry, 39, 253
Hundley, Daniel, 149, 150
Hunter, Robert M. T., 28, 32, 35, 36, 279
Huston, James, 157, 194
Immigrants, 5, 30, 154–155, 157, 159, 189, 194, 201, 215, 270, 273, 310
India (East), 71, 72, 74, 76, 289, 293
Indian Removal Act, 228
Indiana, 150, 175
Indians (see Native Americans)
Indian Territory, 231, 233, 235, 238
Industrialization
-as agent of modernity, 120, 190, 252
-Northern, 190
-Southern, 94, 191, 196–198, 199, 276–277, 292, 300
Improvement, ethic of, 8, 11, 47, 49, 53, 55, 96, 105, 121, 193, 195–196, 197, 211, 216, 302
Income, 66, 98, 99
-occupational distribution and, 108, 127
-patterns of wealth, 93, 124–126, 128, 135–137, 153, 192–193, 195, 300
Intellectuals, Southern, 13, 17, 48–49, 51, 53–54, 56–57, 59, 99
Internal improvements, 47, 71, 77, 105, 121, 195–196, 197, 276, 279, 283
Iron forging, 18, 91, 94, 129, 130, 157, 189, 190, 191, 193, 195, 196, 198, 200, 201, 271, 272, 275, 277
Isaac, Rhys, 250
Isely, Elise, 157
Iverson, Alfred, 180–181
Jabour, Anya, 252
Jackson, Andrew, 180, 260
-Indian removal and, 228–229, 240
Jefferson, Thomas, 36, 38, 229, 299
Johnson, David, 274
Johnson, Michael, 93
Johnson, Sally, 246
Johnson, Walter, 190
Kansas, 129, 170
Kaye, Anthony, 69, 190, 191, 194
Keane, Webb, 211
Keckley, Elizabeth, 156
Kemble, Fanny, 49
Kentucky, 69, 71, 73, 78, 105, 110, 120, 122, 123, 124, 128, 129, 130, 135, 136, 150, 157, 238, 273, 274, 306
Kettell, Thomas, 80
Kimmel, Michael, 250
King, Anna Matilda, 254
King, Roswell., 73
Know Nothing Party, 159, 160
Kolchin, Peter, 311
Kuhn, Thomas, 299
Labor (see also Slaves and Slavery), 10, 11, 13, 14
-free African American, 128, 159–160, 196
-free v. slave, 54, 56, 129, 131–133, 135, 150–151, 158, 191, 193–194, 199, 252
-immigrant, 159, 173, 189
-task and garden system, 89, 94
-urban politics and, 270
-white, 125, 127, 275, 281
Lander, E. M., 94
Latin America (see also individual countries), 5, 70, 73, 294, 302, 311
-slavery in, 18
-urbanization, 148, 149, 155
Lester, C. Edwards, 58
Letcher, John, 174
Liberia, 154
-colonization in, 213
-missionary activities in, 210, 214–216, 221–222
Link, William A., 192
Literature, Southern, 48–52, 54–56, 250, 252, 253
London, 58, 146, 149, 154, 300, 306
Lord Chesterfield’s Advice to His Son, 250
Louisiana, 71, 72, 73, 75, 78, 80, 108, 110, 115, 219, 278, 280, 301
Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Railroad, 169
Lumpkin (Ga.), 115
Lumpkin, J. H., 30
Lumsden, George L., 189, 191, 194, 198, 199, 200, 201
Lyon, Richard F., 91
Macon and Brunswick Rail Road, 178
Majewski, John, 77, 192, 196, 199
Manhood (see masculinity)
Manifest destiny, 17, 25, 29, 31, 32, 37, 40
Manigault, Charles, 73
Manufacturing, 5, 11, 68, 76, 78, 81, 95, 123, 129, 130, 131, 133–134, 151, 233, 269, 278
-modernizing tendencies of, 15, 105, 124, 128, 190–191, 198, 293
-planter opposition to, 270, 275–277, 279–280, 281–282, 283
-slave labor and, 131–135, 194, 195
-urban networks and, 153, 155
Market revolution, 8, 13, 104, 192
-Native Americans and
-slave trade and, 107–109, 116
Martineau, Harriet, 49, 55, 58
Marx, Karl, 9, 298
Marxism, 7, 67, 191
Maryland, 104, 109, 113, 114, 120, 123, 128, 129, 145, 160, 177, 181, 221, 269, 270–271, 274, 278
Maryland Colonization Society, 215
Maryland Guard, 160
Masculinity, 249, 261
-patriarchy, 247, 252–253
-Self and, 248, 251, 253, 255, 257, 260
-Southern, 235, 248, 250, 259
Mason, James Murray, 180
Mason, Nathaniel, 279
Masters, slave (see also slaveholders), 13, 18, 38, 39, 40, 50, 54, 57, 67, 75, 87, 90, 91, 94, 95, 157, 236, 240, 271, 283, 307
Mayfield, John, 252
McCord, Louisa, 39, 40
McCoy, Isaac, 233–234
McDonald, Roderick, 92
McPherson, James, 9
Melville, Herman, 166
Memminger, Christopher, 275
Memphis (Tenn.), 112, 115, 157
Memphis and Charleston Railroad, 176
Mercantilism, 8, 67–68, 78
Metanarratives, 299–300, 301
Methodist Episcopal Church, 216, 221
Methodists
-African American, 218, 219, 220
-missionary activities of, 217–219, 221
-Southern, 212, 218
Mexican War, 36
Mexico, 37, 155, 180, 289, 290, 293, 305
Mid-Atlantic region, 122, 123
Middle class, 7, 11, 78, 145, 193, 198–199, 200–201, 248, 252, 311, 312
Militias, 11, 154, 160
Milward, Maria Georgia, 50
Minor, Benjamin Blake, 51, 54
Missionaries
-colonization and, 213, 215, 221–222
-education and, 237–238
-Native Americans and, 230–231, 233–234, 241
Missionary work, 47, 211, 216–217
-African, 213, 220–221, 222
-African American involvement in, 210, 213, 218–219, 220–222
-modern elements of, 211
-Mission to the Slaves, 218
Mississippi Central Rail Road, 174, 175, 176
Mississippi River valley, 14, 38, 79, 108, 110, 149
Missouri, 71, 110, 113, 120, 128, 157, 176, 181, 254, 274
Mobile (Ala.), 115, 158, 159, 210, 222
modernity
-definitions of, 3, 8–12, 47, 68, 211
-origins of, 298–299
Modernization
-comparison of North and South, 3, 5, 8, 53, 146
-Great Britain and, 3, 5, 8–9, 35, 48
-nationhood and, 25–26
-Old South and, 4–19, 47–48, 67–68, 106, 190–191, 300–305, 306–307
-slavery and, 8–9, 11, 39–40, 53, 55, 69, 88–91, 93, 95, 97–99, 223
-Southern debate over, 4–7, 77, 87–88
-theories of, 10–12, 26–27
Mohegan, 229
Montaigne, Michel, 298
Moore & Dawson, 172
Moore, Maria C., 209, 210, 211, 212, 222
Moore, Richard, 209
Moravians, 231, 234
Mordecai, Abram, 234–235
Morgan, Philip, 92
Morgan, William, 198
Mormonism, 37
Morris, Christopher, 97
Mosely & Spragins, 115
Narragansett, 229
Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, 175
Natchez (Miss.), 108, 110, 112, 114, 115, 157
Nationalism, 26, 27, 33, 57, 211, 294, 305, 311
-secession crisis and, 25
-Southern, 29–30
Native Americans
-agriculture, 235, 238, 241
-education, 237–239
-family organization of, 230, 234, 235, 238
-legal innovations, 239–241
-livestock and, 232–234
-removal of, 14, 79, 228, 229, 231, 233, 234, 235, 236, 239, 240
-slavery and, 229, 235–237
-southeastern tribes, 230, 239
-technology and, 231
Netherlands, 152, 195
New England region, 122, 123
New Orleans, 30, 33, 41, 58, 105, 108, 111, 113, 115, 129, 133, 149, 152, 153, 157, 158, 159, 160, 270, 273, 275, 278
New York City, 109, 152, 158, 178
New York Crystal Palace Exhibition, 171
Newsom, Robert, 254
Newton, Isaac, 298
Norfolk (Va.), 115, 157, 272
North Carolina, 69, 78, 105, 111, 123, 145, 151, 171, 176, 189, 196, 210, 219, 251, 278, 279
North Carolina Central, 171
Northern Rail Road, 169
Nullification Crisis, 26, 28
Nutt, Rush, 74
Oakes, James, 201
Oakes, Ziba, 106
O’Brien, Michael, 49
Odd Fellows, Independent Order of, 106
Ohio, 130, 150, 170, 175, 177, 178
Ohio River, 124, 150, 157, 174, 272
Oklahoma, 231
Olmsted, Frederick Law, 171
Orr, James, 280
Ottoman Empire, 11–12
Packet lines, 109–110
Palmer, Benjamin M., 33, 37
Panic of 1837, 134
Panic of 1857, 281
Parker, William, 111
Paternalism, 39, 250
Patriarchy, 249, 250, 252–253, 256, 260
-sexual performance and, 247, 258
Penningroth, Dylan, 93
Pessen, Edward, 8
Petersburg (Va.), 15, 156, 157, 182, 189–201
Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad, 167
Phillips, U. B., 6
Pierce, Jonathan, 235
Pierce, William, 235
Pike, Alfred, 36
Plantation economy (see also Agriculture)
-diversification of, 15, 94, 95, 98, 134, 152, 191–192, 197, 277, 278
-industrialization and, 191, 307
-Native Americans and, 231, 234–235, 238, 241
-new technology and, 11, 13, 29, 66–84, 235
Planters
-consumption patterns of, 152–153
-global connections of, 68–69, 76, 79–80
-historians’ treatment of, 66–67, 250, 269
-modern disposition of, 13, 18, 66–67, 94, 197
-opposition to manufacturing, 275–277
-political influence, 17, 71–72, 76, 77, 159, 160
-premodern disposition of, 269–275, 277–283
-use of new technology, 73–75, 96, 167, 178
Poe, Edgar Allan, 53
Political economy, 54, 69, 311, 312
-planters and, 68, 77–81, 197
-slavery and, 313
Politics (see also Whig Party, Democratic Party, and Slavery, political effects of)
-Great Britain’s effects on, 48, 56, 59
-nationalism and, 25–46
-secession and, 28, 80–81
-Southern influence on, 17, 79, 159–160, 283
-urban factors in, 158–160
Population, 123–124, 127, 128, 136, 146, 147–148, 149, 150, 156–158, 270–271, 277–278
Porcher, Philip, 106
Premodern, 167, 260–261, 306
-South as, 4, 6, 47, 87, 247, 269–270, 278, 283, 299
Preston, William Ballard, 182
Proslavery thought, 48, 50, 54, 55, 57, 70, 152, 159–160
Port Tobacco (Md.), 109
Presbyterian Church, 209, 210, 212, 221, 222
Quist, John W., 210
Racism, 5, 6, 7, 200, 220, 313
-and modernity, 10–11
Railroads
-as agents of modernization, 169–182
-economic development and, 134, 175–178, 191, 195, 277
-gauge differences, 168, 176–177
-mileage, 122, 175, 178
-regional trade and, 110, 124, 134, 198, 290
-slave labor and, 95, 168, 169–170, 171–172, 173–175, 181–182
-Southern construction of, 77, 122–123
-timetables, 166–167, 170, 181
-urban networks and, 147
Ramsey, John, 251
Randolph, John, 47, 279
Reagan, John H., 27, 39
Reconstruction, 5, 281, 288, 292–293, 295, 301, 313
Reform movements, 9, 47, 160, 210
-African Americans and, 210, 211–223
-evangelical influence on Southern, 210–211
Reidy, Joseph, 90
Religion
-Protestant, 210, 238, 248
-Southern evangelical, 209–223
Republican Party, 28, 33, 39, 41, 80, 145–146, 159, 160, 273, 283, 290, 292, 313
Rhett, Robert Barnwell, 282, 283
Rice, 69, 70, 73, 76, 78, 80, 89, 90, 123
Richmond (Va.), 58, 109, 110, 112, 115, 152, 153, 156, 157, 158, 159, 172, 192, 194, 196, 210, 213, 271, 272, 275, 276
Richmond and York River Railroad, 170
Rillieux, Norbert, 73, 74
Rives, Francis, 105
Rives, William, 78
Roberts, Joseph Jenkins, 154, 214
Romine, Scott, 6
Rowlett, John, 198
Ruffin, Edmund, 31, 95
Ruffner, Henry, 51
Ruffner, William H., 167–168
Russia, 27, 289, 290
Rutherfoord, John, 153
Ryan, Thomas, 106
Ryland, Robert, 210
Saillant, John, 222
Saint Domingue (see Haitian Revolution)
Savannah (Ga.), 91, 111, 114, 158, 159, 171, 219
Savannah, Albany & Gulf Railroad, 176
Schweiger, Beth Barton, 210
Scott, Joan, 248
Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad, 171
Seabrook, Whitemarsh, 74
Secession, 41, 48, 182
-crisis, 28, 32, 78, 279, 281–283
-opposition to, 273, 280
-political economy and, 69, 79–80, 270, 274
-thought, 57, 80, 290
Secessionists, 27, 31, 281–283
Second Presbyterian Church (Charleston), 209, 212
Second Seminole War, 232
Second slavery, 14, 69, 191
Seed hybridization, 74–75
Self
-masculine, 247, 253, 255, 260
-patriarchal, 247, 248, 251, 257
Seminoles, 229, 232, 233, 236, 238, 239
Sergeant, John, 240
Seward, William H., 129
Sewell, William, 10
Sexual abuse, 246–247
Sexuality
-historians’ positions on, 248–250, 251, 257–259
-interracial relations, 246, 254–255, 256
-power and, 253–255, 257–259
Simms, William Gilmore, 34, 35, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55, 58, 252
Skinner, Benjamin Rush, 215
Slaveholders (see also masters, planters)
-British critics of, 48, 49, 52, 55, 57
-Native Americans as, 235–237, 240
-railroads as, 169–170, 172
Slaves (see also slavery)
-controls placed on population of, 158
-hiring out, 67, 93, 114, 157–158, 174, 190, 193, 271
-motivation to work, 91, 95, 97–99
-prices of, 73, 74, 133, 135, 158, 175
-resistance of, 38, 76, 90, 211, 311
-self purchase, 93, 97
-transportation of, 108–109, 110
Slave trade
-international, 49
-domestic, 67, 104–116, 121, 125, 128, 133–134, 152, 156, 157, 170, 236
-as businessmen, 105–106, 108, 112–113, 172
-finances of, 105, 111
-portrayed in fiction, 106–107
-role in Southern economy, 104–105
-stereotypes of, 106–107, 114–115, 116
-transportation of, 107, 108–109, 110
-use of technology, 107, 110
Slavery
-decline of, 156, 270, 272, 273–274, 277–278, 283
-industrial, 18, 191, 193, 292, 311
-internal economy of, 87–94, 98–99
-as a modernizing force, 90, 91, 97, 168
-Native Americans and, 235–237
-political effects of, 37–42, 48, 56, 59, 80–81, 158–160
-railroads and, 169–170, 171, 174–175
-Southern critique of, 145–146, 167–168
-task and garden system, 89
-urban, 147, 156–158, 272
Smith, Adam, 9
Smith, David, 220
Smith, John, 114
Smith, Paul, 174
Smyth, Thomas, 209
South, Old (see also modernization, Old South and)
-conceptualizations of, 3–19
-definition of, 3
-future of, 309–316
-popular perceptions of, 5–6
South, New, 5, 19, 304, 313
South and North Rail Road, 169
South Carolina, 18, 26, 29, 52, 71, 80, 89, 95, 104, 106, 157, 177, 178, 197, 219, 273, 276, 278, 280, 300
South Carolina Rail Road Company, 169
Southern Baptist Convention, 221
Southern Foundry, 189, 190, 192, 194, 196, 197, 198–200, 201
Southside Railroad, 196
Soviet Union, 10
Springs, John, III, 103
St. Joseph’s (Mo.), 157
St. Louis (Mo.), 159, 160, 200, 270, 273, 275
Starobin, Robert, 193
States’ rights, 29, 272, 273, 276, 277, 279, 281
Steel, Alexander, 199
Stephens, Alexander, 32, 280, 304
Stringfellow, Thornton, 220
Stowe, Steven, 250, 254
Stuart, Cyrus, 251, 253, 256
Sugar, 69, 71, 73, 75, 76, 78, 79, 108, 123, 149, 191, 193, 278, 280
Sumner, Charles, 300
Sykes, Jem, 96
Tadman, Michael, 133, 134
Tappey, William H., 189, 191, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198–199, 200–201, 310
Tariffs, 32, 68, 70, 71, 78, 79, 121, 275, 279, 280, 282
Taylor, John, 38
Telegraph, 9, 47, 105, 110, 111, 147, 155, 170, 172, 176, 182, 290
Tennessee, 69, 112, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 127–130, 135, 136, 151, 177, 181, 219, 277, 278, 279
Texas, 72, 79, 80, 278, 280, 282
-annexation, 49, 56–57, 58
-crisis, 36–37
Textile mills, 106, 130, 195, 196, 271, 277
Thomas, Philip, 110, 112
Thomas, William G., 195
Thornwell, James Henley, 29, 32, 33, 59
Tobacco, 69, 70, 73, 74, 76, 78, 79, 80, 129, 155, 157, 190, 191, 192, 196
Tobacco factories, 192, 196, 201, 272, 279
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 9, 25, 26, 27, 37, 40, 41, 150, 299, 301
Todd, Albert, 97
Totten, Joseph, 105
Towers, Frank, 200
Towns
-compared to cities, 147, 149–150, 151, 153, 160, 176
-Northern, 78, 150
-slavery and, 88, 93, 95, 110, 156–157, 192, 270, 272
-Southern, 32, 149, 151, 159, 167, 273, 278, 313
Traditionalism, 97, 309, 314
Transnationalism, 4, 8, 10, 16, 190, 195, 303, 304, 305, 306, 310, 311
Treaty of Ghent, 38
Tredegar Iron Works, 18
Trescott, William Henry, 29, 34, 153–154
Troy, William, 217
Tucker, Nathaniel Beverley, 56
Turner, Nat, 70, 271
Urbanization
-cities-without-towns pattern, 149–150, 151
-networks, 151–155, 157
-North and South compared, 37, 147–148, 150
-planter opposition to, 270, 272
-slavery and, 120, 156–158
-Southern patterns of, 134
-Southern in world comparison, 149, 155–156
Valley of the Shadow Project, 312
Venable, Abraham, 279
Virginia, 50, 51, 70, 76, 78, 109, 110, 112, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125–127, 128, 129, 130, 135, 136, 151, 153, 157, 168, 169, 172, 173–174, 176, 177, 181, 189–201, 213, 214, 218, 252, 269, 270, 271, 272, 276, 278, 279, 312
Virginia Board of Public Works, 172, 173, 195
Virginia Central Railroad, 173
Virginia and Tennessee Railroad Company, 182
Walker Tariff, 79
Walt Disney World, 6
Walton, D. S., 170
Warrenton (Va.), 109
Washington (D.C.), 36, 156, 182, 270
Weatherly, Thomas, 105
Weaver, William, 94
Weber, Max, 9
Weiss, Thomas, 131, 190, 277
West Indies, 49, 52, 54, 57
Weston, George M., 129
Wetherington, Mark, 178
Wheeling (Va.), 157, 196, 271, 272
Whig Party, 18, 56, 78, 80, 94, 160, 272
White, Alonzo, 106
White, Deborah Gray, 99
White, John, 110
Whitney, Eli, 74
Wigfall, Louis, 282
Williams, Charley, 75
Williams, Roger, 241
Wilmington (Del.), 270
Wilmington (N.C.), 219
Wiregrass region (Ga.), 178
Wirt, Elizabeth, 252
Wirt, William, 240, 252
Withers, Jeff, 254
Withers, Thomas, 257
Womack & Martin, 113
Woodman, Harold, 311
Woodward, C. Vann, 301
Woolfolk, Austin, 115
Worcester, Samuel, 229
Worcester v. Georgia, 240
Wright, Gavin, 133, 150
Wrigley, E. A., 152
Wyatt-Brown, Bertram, 248, 249, 250, 258