Publishers’ names have necessarily been omitted for certain works published before c. 1910, when such information was not always printed. The titles of some post-medieval primary sources have also been abbrieviated where necessary, in cases where they run to paragraph length.
Translations of primary sources are listed immediately following the citation of the original text, even if the translated title differs from the original (e.g. Hrólfs saga kraka and The saga of King Hrolf Kraki). Skaldic poetry is listed by author, with datings according to Finnur Jónsson’s edition.
Names of Icelandic authors are listed in full, indexed by forename rather than the patronymic. Scandinavian alphabetical order has been followed, with å, ä and ö listed after z. For listings of Old Norse and Old English sources, á, í, ó, etc follow their unaccented equivalents; ð follows d; y is followed by ý, þ, æ and ø.
Abbo. Bella Parisiacae Urbis. Ed. & tr. Dass, N. 2007. Viking attacks on Paris: the ‘Bella Parisiacae Urbis’ of Abbo of Saint-Germain-des-Prés. Peeters, Leuven.
Adam of Bremen. Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum. Ed. Schmeidler, B. 1917. Scriptores rerum germanicarum in usum scholarum, Hannover & Leipzig.
Adam of Bremen. History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen. Tr. Tschan, F. J. 1959. Columbia University Press, New York.
Albertus Magnus (attributed). The Book of Secrets of Albert Magnus of the Virtues of Herbs, Stones and Certain Beasts, also a Book of Marvels of the World. Ed. Best, M. R. & Brightman, F. H. 1973. Clarendon, Oxford.
Aldhelm. De laudibus virginitatis. In Napier, A. S. (ed.) 1900. Old English glosses, chiefly unpublished. Clarendon, Oxford.
Alvíssmál. See the Poetic Edda.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Vol. 4 Ms B. Ed. Taylor, S. 1983. Brewer, Woodbridge.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Tr. Swanton, M. 1998. Routledge, London & New York.
The Annals of Clonmacnoise. Ed. & tr. Murphy, D. 1896. The Annals of Clonmacnoise, Being Annals of Ireland from the Earliest Period to A.D. 1408. The University Press, Dublin.
The Annals of Inisfallen. Tr. Mac Airt, S. 1944. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin.
The Annals of Ulster. Tr. Mac Airt, S. & Mac Niocaill, G. 1983. School of Celtic Studies, Dublin.
Arngrímr ábóti Brandsson. 1345. Guðmundar kvæði byskups. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 371–89.
Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld. Eleventh century. Þórfinnsdrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 316–21.
Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld. Eleventh century. Hrynhenda, Magnússdrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 306–11.
Atlakviða. See the Poetic Edda.
Atlamál in grœnlenzko. See the Poetic Edda.
Ágrip af Nóregs konungasogum. Ed. Finnur Jónsson 1929. Altnordische saga-bibliothek 18. Halle.
Ágrip af Nóregs konungasogum. Ed. & tr. Driscoll, M. J. 1995. Viking Society for Northern Research, London.
Ála saga flekks. Ed. Lagerholm, Å. 1927. Drei lygissogur: Egils saga einhenda ok Ásmundar berserkjabana/Ála Flekks saga/Flóres saga konungs ok sona hans. Altnordische saga-bibliothek 17, Halle.
Ása heiti I. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 660.
Ásynja heiti. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 661.
Baldrs draumar. See the Poetic Edda.
The Battle of Maldon. Ed. & tr. Griffiths, B. 1991. Anglo-Saxon Books, Pinner.
Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss. Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss/Viglundarsaga/ Þórðarsaga/Draumavitranir/Volsaþáttr. Ed. Guðbrandr Vigfússon 1860. Nordiske Oldskrifter 27, København.
Bjarni Kolbeinsson. Before 1222. Jómsvíkingadrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 1–10.
Bósa saga ok Herrauðs. Ed. Guðni Jónsson & Bjarni Vilhjálmsson 1944. Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda. II. Forni, Reykjavík.
Bragi enn gamli Boddason. c. 800–850. Ragnarsdrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 1–4.
Bragi enn gamli Boddason. Ninth century. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 5.
Brot at Sigurðarkviða. See the Poetic Edda.
Cedrenus, Georgius. Compendium Historiarum (Ioannis Scylitzae ope). Ed. Niebuhr, B. G. 1838–39. 2 vols. Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae. Weber, Bonn.
Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh. The Wars of the Gaedhil with the Gaill. Ed. & tr. Todd, J. H. 1867. Longmans, London.
Constantinus Porphyrogenitus. De ceremoniis aulae byzantinae. Ed. Reiske, J. J. [1751], revised by Morel, F. & Meursius, J. 1829–40. 2 vols. Bonn.
Darraðarljóð. See Njáls saga, ch. 157.
Dio Cassius. Roman History. Vol. 8 (Books LXI-LXX). Ed. & tr. Cary, E. 1982. Heinemann, London.
Diplomatarium Islandicum. Ed. Jón Sigurðsson 1857–76. København.
Diplomatarium Norvegicum. Vol. IX. Ed. Unger, C. R. & Huitfeldt, H. J. 1878. Christiania.
Dráp Niflunga. See the Poetic Edda.
Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar. Ed. Sigurður Nordal 1933. Íslenzk Fornrit II, Reykjavík.
Egils Saga. Ed. Bjarni Einarsson 2003. Viking Society for Northern Research, London.
Egil’s Saga. Tr. Jones, G. 1960. Syracuse University Press, Syracuse.
Egils Saga. Tr. Fell, C. 1975. Dent, London.
Egil’s Saga. Tr. Hermann Pálsson & Edwards, P. 1976. Penguin, Harmondsworth.
Egill Skalla-Grímsson. 936. Hofuðlausn. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 30–3.
Egill Skalla-Grímsson. 960. Sonatorrek. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 34–7.
Egill Skalla-Grímsson. 962. Arinbjarnarkviða. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 38–41.
Egill Skalla-Grímsson. Early 10th century. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 42–53.
Eilífr Goðrúnarsson. c. 990. Þórsdrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 139–44.
Einarr Gilsson. 14th century. Drápa on Guðmundr Arason. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 418–29.
Einarr Gilsson. 14th century. Selkolluvísur. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 434–40.
Einarr Helgason skálaglamm. c. 975. Drápa on Hákon jarl. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 116.
Einarr Helgason skálaglamm. c. 986. Vellekla. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 117–24.
Einarr Skúlason. 1153. Geisli. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 427–45.
Einarr Skúlason. c. 1155. Runhenda. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 445ff.
Einarr Skúlason. 12th century. Sigurðardrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 423f.
Einarr Skúlason. 12th century. Øxarflokkr. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 449–51.
Einarr Skúlason. 12th century. Unprovenanced poems. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 451–4.
Einarr Skúlason. 12th century. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 454–7.
Eiríkr viðsjá. 1014. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 199–201.
Eiríksmál. c. 954. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 164–6.
Eiríks saga rauða. Ed. Storm, G. 1891. Eiríks saga rauða og Flatøbogens Grænlendingaþáttr samt uddrag fra Óláfssaga Tryggvasonar. STUAGNL 21, København.
Eiríks saga rauða. Ed. Jansson, S. B. F. 1944. Sagorna om Vinland Vol. 1. KVHAA Handlingar 60:1, Stockholm.
Eirik the Red. In Jones, G. (tr.) 1961. Eirik the Red and other Icelandic sagas. Oxford University Press, Oxford: 126–57.
Eirik’s saga. In Magnus Magnussson & Hermann Pálsson (trs) 1965. The Vinland sagas: the Norse discovery of America. Penguin, Harmondsworth: 75–105.
Eirik the Red’s saga. Tr. Kunz, K. 2000. In Örnólfur Thorsson (ed.) The sagas of Icelanders. Penguin, Harmondsworth: 653–74.
Eivindr Finnsson skáldaspillir. 961. Hákonarmál. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 57–60.
Eivindr Finnsson skáldaspillir. 961–70. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 62–5.
Eivindr Finnsson skáldaspillir. c. 980. Háleygjatal. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 60–2.
Ektors saga. Ed. Loth, A. 1962. Late medieval Icelandic Romances. 1: Victors saga ok Blávus. Valdimars saga. Ectors saga. Munksgaard, København.
Euripedes. Bacchae. Ed. & tr. Seaford, R. 1996. Aris and Phillips, Warminster.
Euripedes. The Bacchae and other plays. Tr. Vellacott, P. 1973. Penguin, Harmondsworth.
Eyrbyggja saga. Ed. Einar Ól. Sveinsson. 1935. Íslenzk fornrit 4, Reykjavík.
Eyrbyggja saga. Tr. Hermann Pálsson & Edwards, P. 1989. Penguin, Harmondsworth.
Exodus. Ed. Lucas, P. J. 1994. 2nd ed. University of Exeter, Exeter.
Fagrskinna: Nóregs konunga tal. Ed. Finnur Jónsson 1902–3. STUAGNL 30, København.
Fáfnismál. See the Poetic Edda.
Finnsburg Fragment (or ‘The Battle of Finnsburg’). In Klaeber, F. (ed.) 1950. Beowulf. 3rd ed. Heath, Lexington: 231–53.
Flateyjarbók. Ed. Guðbrandr Vigfússon & Unger, C. R. 1860–8. 3 vols. Malling, København.
Fóstbrœðra saga. Ed. Björn, K. Þórólfsson 1925–27. STUAGNL 49, København.
Friðþjófs saga hins frækna. Ed. Larsson, L. 1893. Sagan ock rimorna om Friðþófr hinn frækni. STUAGNL 22, København.
Færeyinga saga. Ed. Ólafur Halldórsson 1987. Stofnun Árna Magnússonar á Íslandi, Reykjavík.
Galdrabók. En islänsk Svartkonstbok från 1500-talet. Ed. Lindqvist, N. 1921. Appelberg, Uppsala.
The Galdrabók: an Icelandic grimoire. Tr. Flowers, S. 1989. Weiser, Maine.
Gamli kanóki. Twelfth century. Harmsól. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 548–65.
Gautreks saga. Ed. Guðni Jónsson & Bjarni Vilhjálmsson 1944. Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda. III. Forni, Reykjavík.
Gesta Herwardi. Ed. & tr. Swanton, M. 1984. Three lives of the last Englishmen. Garland, New York.
Gizurr gullbrárskald. Before 1030. Fragmentary poem. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 292–3.
Gizurr Þorvaldsson. 13th century. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 110–1.
Gísla saga Súrssonar. Ed. Finnur Jónsson 1929. København.
The saga of Gisli. Tr. Johnston, G. 1963. Dent, London.
Gísli Súrsson, c. 978. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 96–104.
Gísli Illugason. c. 1104. Erfikvæði on Magnús berfœtt. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 409–13.
Gísli Þórgautsson. 11th century. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 198.
Glúmr Geirason. c. 970. Gráfeldardrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 66–8.
Goþþormr sindri. 10th century. Hákonardrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 55–6.
Grettir Ásmundarson. 1006–30. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 288–90.
Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar. Ed. Gúðni Jónsson 1936. Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar / bandamanna saga / Odds þáttr Ófeigssonar. Íslenzk fornrit 7. Reykjavík.
Grettir’s saga. Tr. Fox, D. & Hermann Pálsson 1974. University of Toronto, Buffalo.
Grímnismál. See the Poetic Edda.
Grímr Droplaugarson. 1005. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 183–4.
Gríms saga loðinkinna. Ed. Guðni Jónsson & Bjarni Vilhjálmsson 1943. Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda. I. Forni, Reykjavík.
Grípisspá. See the Poetic Edda.
Grottasongr: the Song of Grotti. Ed. & tr. Tolley, C. 2008. Viking Society for Northern Research, London.
Grottasongr. See the Poetic Edda.
Grógaldr. See Svipdagsmál in the Poetic Edda.
Guðmundr Oddsson. 13th century. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 90–2.
Guðrúnarkviða I. See the Poetic Edda.
Guðrúnarkviða II. See the Poetic Edda.
Gull-Þóris saga. Ed. Kålund, K. 1898. STUAGNL 26, København.
Gullosu-Þórðr. c. 1110. Víðkunnsdrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 421.
Gunnars saga Keldugnúpsfífls. Ed. Jóhannes Halldórsson. 1959. Kjalnesinga saga/Jökuls þáttr Búasonar/Víglundar saga/Króka-Refs saga/Þórðar saga hreðu/Gunnars saga Keldugnúpsfífls. Íslenzk fornrit 14. Reykjavík.
Gunnlaugr Leifsson. Before 1218. Merlínúspá I. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 10–24.
Gongu-Hrólfs saga. Ed. Guðni Jónsson & Bjarni Vilhjálmsson 1944. Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda. II. Forni, Reykjavík.
Göngu-Hrólf’s saga: a Viking Romance. Tr. Hermann Pálsson & Edwards, P. 1980. Canongate, Edinburgh.
Gylfaginning. See Snorri Sturluson, Edda.
Haldórr ókristni. c. 1010. Eiríksfløkkr. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 193–5.
Haldórr skvaldri. c. 1120. Útfarardrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 458–60.
Hallar-Steinn. 12th century. Rekstefja. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 525–34.
Hallfrøðr Óttarsson vandræðaskáld. c. 990. Hákonardrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 147–8.
Hallfrøðr Óttarsson vandræðaskáld. 1001. Óláfsdrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 150–7.
Hallfrøðr Óttarsson vandræðaskáld. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 157–63.
Hallvarðr háreksblesi. 11th century. Knútsdrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 293–4.
Haraldr Sigurðarson harðráði. 1030–1066. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 328–32.
Haralds saga ins hárfagra. See Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla.
Haralds saga Sigurðarsonar. See Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla.
Harðar saga Grímkelssonar. Ed. Hast, S. 1960. Editiones Arnamagnæanæ A, 6. København.
Haukr Valdísarson. 12th century. Íslendingadrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 539–45.
Hauks þáttr hábrókar. See Flateyjarbók, Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar 465–8.
Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar. Ed. Guðbrandur Vigfússon 1887. Icelandic sagas and other historical documents relating to the settlements and descents of the Northmen on the British Isles. Vol. 2: Hakonar saga, and a fragment of Magnus saga, with appendices. Rolls Series, London.
Hákonar saga herðibreiðs. See Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla.
Hálfdanar saga Barkarsonar. Ed. Þorleifr Jónsson. 1889. Sagan af Hálfdani Barkarsyni. Reykjavík.
Hálfdanar saga Bronufóstra. Ed. Rafn, C. C. 1829–1830. Fornaldar sögur Nordrlanda 1–3, København.
Hálfs saga ok Hálfsrekka. Ed. Seelow, H. 1981. Stofun Árna Magnússonar á Íslandi: Rit 20. Reykjavík.
Hárbarðzljóð. See the Poetic Edda.
Hásteinn Hrómundarson halta. Before 955. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 91–2.
Háttatal. See Snorri Sturluson, Edda.
Hávamál. Ed. Evans, D. A. H. 1986. Viking Society for Northern Research, London.
Hávamál. See the Poetic Edda.
Hávarðr halti ísfirðingr. 1002–3. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 178–82.
Heiðavíga saga. Ed. Kålund, K. 1904. STUAGNL 31, København.
Heiti valkyrja. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 678.
Helgakviða Hiorvarðssonar. See the Poetic Edda.
Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I. See the Poetic Edda.
Helgakvíða Hundingsbana II. See the Poetic Edda.
Helreið Brynhildar. See the Poetic Edda.
Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks konungs. Ed. Jón Helgason. 1924. STUAGNL 48, København.
Himins heiti. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 671.
Historia Ecclesiæ Eliensis. In Gale, T. (ed.) 1691. Historiae Britannicae, Saxonicae, Anglo-Danicae […]. Sheldonian, Oxford.
Historia Norvegiae. Ed. Storm, G. 1880. Monumenta Historia Norvegiae, Christiania.
Hofgarða-Refr Gestsson. c. 1031. Poem on Gizurr Gullbrárskáld. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 295.
Hofgarða-Refr Gestsson. Early 11th century. Ferðavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 296.
Holmgongu-Bersi Véleifsson. Late 10th century. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 86–9.
Hrólfs saga kraka. Ed. Slay, D. 1960. Editiones Arnamagnæanæ B 1, København.
King Hrolf and his champions. In Jones, G. (tr.) 1961. Eirik the Red and other Icelandic sagas. Oxford University Press, Oxford: 221–318.
The saga of King Hrolf Kraki. Tr. Byock, J. 1998. Penguin, Harmondsworth.
Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar. Ed. Guðni Jónsson & Bjarni Vilhjálmsson 1944. Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda. III. Forni, Reykjavík.
Hrómundar saga Greipssonar. Ed. Guðni Jónsson & Bjarni Vilhjálmsson 1944. Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda. II. Forni, Reykjavík.
Hrómundr halti. c. 955. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 90.
Hymiskviða. See the Poetic Edda.
Hyndluljóð. See the Poetic Edda.
‘Ibn Fadlan’ [Ahmad ibn Fadlān ibn al-‘Abbās ibn Rāšhid ibn Hammād]. Risāla. Ibn Fadlan’s Reisebericht. Ed. Togan, A. Z. V. 1939. Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 24:3, Leipzig.
‘Ibn Fadlan’. Ed. & tr. Montgomery, J. 2014. Mission to the Volga: Ahmad ibn Fadlān. In Mackintosh-Smith, T. & Montgomery, J. (eds) Two Arabic travel books. New York University Press, New York & London: 165–298.
‘Ibn Fadlan’. Risāla. Tr. Sass, T. 1995. The funeral of the Rus-chief. In Crumlin-Pedersen, O. & Munch Thye, B. (eds) The ship as symbol in prehistoric and medieval Scandinavia. National Museum, København: 136–7.
‘Ibn Fadlan’. Tr. Lunde, P. & Stone, C. 2012. Ibn Fadlān and the Land of Darkness: Arab travellers in the Far North. Penguin, London.
Ingjaldr Geirmundarson. 1244. Atloguflokkr. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 99–100.
Ingjaldr Geirmundarson. 1246. Brandsflokkr. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 100–1.
Íslendingabók. Ed. Jakob Benediktsson 1969. Íslenzk fornrit 1, Reykjavík.
Jómsvíkinga saga. Ed. Cederschiöld, G. 1874–1875. Lunds universitets års-skrift 2, Lund.
The saga of the Jómsvíkings. Tr. Hollander, L. M. 1955. University of Texas Press, Austin.
Jóns saga Hólabyskups ens helga. Ed. Foote, P. 2003. Reitzels, Copenhagen.
Kátrinar drápa. 14th century. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 569–82.
Ketils saga hǿings. Ed. Rafn, C. C. 1829–1830. Fornaldarsögur Nordrlanda 1–3, København.
Kormákr Ogmundarson. c. 955–70. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 70–85.
Kormákr Ogmundarson. c. 960. Sigurðardrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 69–70.
Kormáks saga. Ed. Einar Ól. Sveinsson. 1934. Íslenzk fornrit 8, Reykjavík.
Krákumál. 12th century. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 649–56.
Kristni saga. Ed. Kahle, B. 1905. Kristnisaga, Þáttr Þorvalds ens víðforla. Halle.
Landnámabók. Ed. Jakob Benediktsson. 1958. Rit Handritastofunar Íslands 1, Reykjavík.
Laxdæla saga. Ed. Einar Ól. Sveinsson. 1934. Íslenzk fornrit 5, Reykjavík.
Laxdaela saga. Tr. Magnus Magnusson and Herman Pálsson, 1969. Penguin, Harmondsworth.
The saga of the people of Laxardal. Tr. Kunz, K. 2000. In Örnólfur Thorsson (ed.) The sagas of Icelanders. Penguin, Harmondsworth: 270–420.
Leo Diaconus. Historia libri decem: et liber de Velitatione bellica Nicephori Augusti. Ed. Hase, C. B. 1828. Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae 11. Weber, Bonn.
Ljósvetninga saga. Ed. Björn Sigfússon. 1940. Ljósvetninga saga með þáttum. Reykdoela saga ok Víga-Skútu. Hreiðars þáttr. Íslenzk Fornrit 10, Reykjavík.
Lokasenna. See the Poetic Edda.
Málsháttakvæði. c. 1200. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 138–45.
Narratiunculae Anglice conscriptae. Ed. Cockayne, T. O. 1861. Smith, London.
Níð on Bishop Friðrekr. c. 984. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 168.
Níð on King Haraldr blátand. c. 980. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 166.
Nikulás saga leikara. Ed. Arneson, H. 1912. Sagan af Nikulási konungi leikara. Kostnadarmadur, Reykjavík.
Njáls saga. Brennu-Njáls saga. Ed. Einar Ól. Sveinsson. 1954. Íslenzk fornrit 12, Reykjavík.
Njal’s saga. Tr. Magnus Magnusson & Hermann Pálsson 1960. Penguin, Harmondsworth.
Norges gamle Love indtil 1387. Ed. Keyser, R. & Munch, P. A. 1846–95. 5 vols. Christiania.
Norna-Gests þáttr. See Flateyjarbók, Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar 282–92.
Oddr Snorrason. Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar. Saga Óláfs Tryggvasonar af Oddr Snorrason munk. Ed. Finnur Jónsson 1932. København.
Oddrúnargrátr. See the Poetic Edda.
Ohthere’s Account. Ed. & tr. Lund, N. & Fell, C. 1984. Ohthere and Wulfstan: Two voyagers at the court of King Alfred. Sessions, York.
Orkneyinga saga. Ed. Sigurður Nordal 1913–16. STUAGNL 40, København.
Orkneyinga saga: the history of the Earls of Orkney. Tr. Hermann Pálsson & Edwards, P. 1981. Penguin, Harmondsworth.
Orms þáttr Stórólfssonar. See Flateyjarbók, Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar 410–21.
Orrostu heiti. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 663.
Óðins nofn. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 672–3.
Ólafr Haraldsson inn helgi. 1006–1029. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 210–2.
Ólafr Leggsson, svartaskáld. c. 1230. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 97.
Ólafr Þórðarson hvítaskáld. 1240. Hrynhent poem. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 105–8.
Ólafs drápa Tryggvasonar. 12th century. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 567–74.
Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar. See Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla.
Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta. Ed. Ólafur Halldórsson 1958– 61. 2 vols. Editiones Arnamagnæanæ A 1–2, København.
Óttarr svarti. c. 1018. Óláfsdrápa sœnska. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 267.
Óttarr svarti. c. 1023. Hofuðlausn. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 268–72.
Páll Þorsteinsson. 1254. Lausavísa. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 111.
Plácítúsdrápa. 12th century. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 606–22.
The Poetic Edda. Edda: die Lieder des Codex Regius nebst verwandten Denkmälen. Vol. 1 Text. Ed. Neckel, G. [1927], 5th ed., rev. Kuhn, H. 1983. Winters, Heidelberg.
The Poetic Edda. Ed. & tr. Dronke, U. Vol. I, Heroic poems, 1969 (Atlakviða, Atlamál in Grœnlenzko, Guðrúnarhvot, Hamðismál); Vol. II, Mythological poems, 1997 Voluspá, Rígsþula, Volundakviða, Lokasenna, Skírnismál); Vol. III, Mythological poems II, 2011 (Hávamál, Hymiskviða, Grímnismál, Grottsongr). Clarendon Press, Oxford.
The Poetic Edda. Tr. Hollander, L. M. 1962. University of Texas Press, Austin.
Poems of the Elder Edda. Tr. Terry, P. 1990. 2nd ed. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
The Poetic Edda. Tr. Larrington, C. 1996. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Ragnars saga loðbrókar. Guðni Jónsson & Bjarni Vilhjálmsson (eds) 1943. Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda. I. Forni, Reykjavík.
The Sagas of Ragnar Lodbrok. Tr. Waggoner, B. 2009. Troth, New Haven.
The Saga of Ragnar Lothbrok. Tr. Crawford, J. 2017. The Saga of the Volsungs with The Saga of Ragnar Lothbrok. Hackett, Indianapolis.
Reginsmál. See the Poetic Edda.
Rígsþula. See the Poetic Edda.
Rómverja sogur. Ed. Meissner, R. 1910. Palaestra 88. Berlin.
Rognvaldr jarl kali Kolsson. c. 1136–53. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 478–87.
Rognvaldr jarl & Hallr Þórarinsson. c. 1145. Háttalykill. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 487–508.
Saxo Grammaticus. Gesta Danorum. Ed. Olrik, J. & Ræder, H. 1931–57. Hauniae, København.
Saxo Grammaticus. History of the Danes. Books I-IX. Tr. Davidson, H. E. & Fisher, P. 1998 [1979–1980]. Brewer, Cambridge.
Sigmundr ongull. 1152. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 512–3.
Sigrdrífomál. See the Poetic Edda.
Sigurðarkviða in scamma. See the Poetic Edda.
Sigvatr Sturluson. 1212. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 54.
Sigvatr Þórðarson. 1016. Nesjavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 217–20.
Sigvatr Þórðarson. 1019. Austrfararvísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 220–5.
Sigvatr Þórðarson. c. 1040. Erfi drápa Ólafs helga. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 239–45.
Sigvatr Þórðarson. Early eleventh century. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 246–54.
Skáld-Hallr. 1246. Brandsdrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 102–4.
Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Ed. Clunies Ross, M. 2008–17. 8 vols. Brepols, Leiden.
Skáldskarpamál. See Snorri Sturluson, Edda.
Skírnismál. See the Poetic Edda.
Skjaldedigtning. Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning. Ed. Finnur Jónsson 1912–15. 4 vols. Gyldendal, Copenhagen.
Skylitzes, John. A synopsis of Byzantine history 811–1057. Tr. Wortley, J. 2010. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Snorri Sturluson. Edda. Ed. Faulkes, A. 1988–1998. 4 vols. Viking Society for Northern Research, London.
Snorri Sturluson. Edda. Tr. Faulkes, A. 1987. Dent, London.
Snorri Sturluson. Heimskringla: Nóregs konunga sogur af Snorri Sturluson. Ed. Finnur Jónsson 1893–1901. 4 vols. STUAGNL 23:1–4. København.
Snorri Sturluson. Heimskringla: Sagas of the Norse kings and The Olaf sagas. Tr. Laing, S. & Foote, P. 1961 & 1964. 3 vols. Dent, London.
Snorri Sturluson. Heimskringla: History of the kings of Norway. Tr. Hollander, L. M. 1964. University of Texas Press, Austin.
Sólarljóð. 12th century. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 635–48.
Stjornu-Oddadraumr. Ed. Þórhallur Vilmundarson & Bjarni Vilhjálmsson 1991. Íslenzk fornrit 13, Reykjavík.
Stjornu-Oddadraumr. 13th century. ‘Dream poems’. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 222–6.
Sturla Þórðarson. 1242–1261. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 135–6.
Sturla Þórðarson. 1262. Hrynhenda. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 113–8.
Sturla Þórðarson. 1263–1264. Hákonarkviða. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 118–26.
Sturla Þórðarson. 1263–1264. Hákonarflokkr. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 132–4.
Sturla Þórðarson. Late 12th century. Hrafnsmál. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 126–31.
Sturlaugs saga starfsama. Ed. & tr. Zitzelsberger, O. J. 1969. The two versions of Sturlaugs saga starfsama: a decipherment, edition, and translation of a fourteenth century Icelandic mythical-heroic saga. Triltsch, Düsseldorf.
Sturlunga saga. Sturlunga saga efter membranen Króksfjarðarbók udfyldt efter Reykjarfjarðarbók. 2 vols. Ed. Kålund, K. 1906– 11. København.
Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa. In Flateyjarbók, Ólafs saga hins helga 60–1.
Styrmir Kárason hinn fróði. Lífssaga Ólafs helga. In Flateyjarbók, Ólafs saga hins helga.
Svipdagsmál. See the Poetic Edda.
Sogubrot af fornkonungum. Ed. Rafn, C. C. 1829–1830. Fornaldarsögur Nordrlanda 1–3, København.
Sorla saga sterka. Ed. Guðni Jónsson & Bjarni Vilhjálmsson 1944. Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda. III. Forni, Reykjavík.
Sorla þáttr. In Flateyjarbók, Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar 304–313.
Tacitus, Publius Cornelius. Annales. The Annals of Tacitus: books 1–6. Vol. 2: Annals 1.55–81 and Annals 2. Ed. Goodyear, F. R. D. 1981. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Tindr Hallkelsson. c. 987. Drápa on Hákon jarl. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 136–8.
Trollkvenna heiti. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 659–60.
Ulfr Uggason. 983. Húsdrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 128–30.
Vafþrúðnismál. See the Poetic Edda.
Vatnsdæla saga. Ed. Einar Ól. Sveinsson. 1934. Íslenzk fornrit 8, Reykjavík.
The saga of the people of Vatnsdal. Tr. Wawn, A. 1997. In Örnólfur Thorsson (ed.) The sagas of Icelanders. Penguin, Harmondsworth: 185–269.
Vitgeirr seiðmaðr. c. 900. Lausavísa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 29.
Víga-Glúmr Eyjólfsson. Late 10th century. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 112–4.
Víga-Glúms saga. Ed. Turville-Petre, E. O. G. 1960. 2nd ed. Clarendon, Oxford.
Viga-Glums saga. Tr. McKinnell, J. 1987. Canongate, Edinburgh.
Viga-Styrr Þórgrímsson. c. 983. Lausavísa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 110–1.
Volsa þáttr. In Skjaldedigtning B II: 237–239. See also Flateyjarbók, Ólafs saga hins helga 265–6.
Volsunga saga. In Olsen, M. (ed.) 1906–1908. Volsunga saga ok Ragnars saga loðbrókar. STUAGNL 36, København.
The saga of the Völsungs. Tr. Byock, J. 1990. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Volundarkviða. See the Poetic Edda.
Voluspá. See the Poetic Edda.
Voluspá in skamma. See Hyndluljóð in the Poetic Edda.
‘The Waking of Angantyr’. See Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks konungs.
Wulfstan. Sermo Lupi ad Anglos. Ed. Whitelock, D. 1976. University of Exeter, Exeter.
Ynglinga saga. See Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla.
Þáttr af Ragnars sonum. Guðni Jónsson & Bjarni Vilhjálmsson (eds) 1943. Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda. I. Forni, Reykjavík.
Þiðranda þáttr Síðu-Hallssonar. See Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta, II: 150.
Þiðriks saga af Bern. Ed. Guðni Jónsson 1961. STUAGNL 34, København.
Þjóðólfr Arnórsson. c. 1065. Sexstefja. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 339–46.
Þjóðólfr ór Hvíni. Late ninth century. Ynglingatal. See Ynglingasaga in Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla.
Þjóðólfr ór Hvíni. c. 900. Haustlong. The Haustlong of Þjóðólfr of Hvinir. Ed & tr. North, R. 1997. Hisarlik Press, Enfield Lock.
Þorvalds þáttr víðforla. Ed. Kahle, B. 1905. Kristnisaga, Þáttr Þorvalds ens víðforla. Halle.
Þórarinn svarti Þórólfsson máhlíðingr. 983–4. Máhlíðingavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 105–9.
Þórbjorn Brúnason. 1014. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 198–9.
Þórbjorn hornklofi. c. 900. Glymdrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 20–1.
Þórbjorn hornklofi. c. 900. Haraldskvæði (Hrafnsmál). In Skjaldedigtning B I: 22–5.
Þórðr Kolbeinsson. c. 1009. Gunnlaugsdrápa ormstungu. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 203.
Þórðr Kolbeinsson. 1014. Eiríksdrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 203–6.
Þórfinnr munnr. c. 1025–30. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 292.
Þórkell Gíslason. Twelfth century. Búadrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 536–8.
Þórleifr jarlaskáld Rauðfeldarson. c. 986. Hákonardrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 132.
Þórleifs þáttr jarlaskálds. Eyfirðinga sogur. Ed. Jónas Kristjánsson 1956. Íslenzk fornrit 9, Reykjavík.
Þórleikr fagri. 1051. Flokk on Sven Ulfsson. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 365–8.
Þórmóðr Bersason Kolbrúnarskáld. 1015–16. Lausavísur. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 260–6.
Þórmóðr Bersason Kolbrúnarskáld. c. 1025. Þórgeirsdrápa. In Skjaldedigtning B I: 256–60.
Þórsteins saga bœjarmagns. Ed. Guðni Jónsson & Bjarni Vilhjálmsson 1944. Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda. III. Forni, Reykjavík.
Þórsteins saga Víkingassonar. Ed. Rafn, C. C. 1829–30. Fornaldar sogur Nordrlanda 1–3, København.
Þrymskvíða. See the Poetic Edda.
Äldre Västgötalagen. Ed. Sjöros, B. 1919. Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, Helsingfors.
Orvar-Odds saga. Ed. Boer, R. C. 1888. Leiden.
Arrow-Odd. Tr. Hermann Pálsson & Edwards, P. 1985. Seven Viking Romances. Penguin, Harmondsworth: 25–137.
Burman, A. 1910 [late 1720s?]. Lappqvinnan Kerstin Jakobsdotters uttydning af särskilda lapska ord i Th. von Westens bref till prästerskapet i Jämtland 1723. In Fellman, I. (ed.). Handlingar och uppsatser angående finska Lappmarken och lapparne 1. Helsingfors: 399–402.
Dahlberg, E. 1667–1715. Suecia antiqua et hodierna. Paris/ Stockholm.
Fjellström, P. 1981 [1755]. Kort berättelse om Lapparnas Björna-fänge samt deras der wid brukade widskeppelser. Ed. Jacobsson, R. & Bäckman, L. Två förläggare, Umeå.
Forbus, H. 1910a [1727]. Prosten Henric Forbus’ skrifvelse til K. M:t den 29 mars 1727 med berättelse om den norska lappmissionen och lapparnas hedendom. In Reuterskiöld, E. (ed.) Källskrifter till lapparnas mytologi. Bidrag till vår odlings häfder 10. Nordiska Museet, Stockholm: 28–41.
Forbus, H. 1910b [before 1730]. Forbus’ frågor till lapparna. Några frågor att föreställa Lapparne om deras afguderi, som kunna appliceras till folket i orterne, effter det som afguderiet är bekant. In Reuterskiöld, E. (ed.) Källskrifter till lapparnas mytologi. Bidrag till vår odlings häfder 10. Nordiska Museet, Stockholm: 71–75.
Gmelin, J. G. 1751–2. Reise durch Sibirien, von dem Jahr 1733 bis 1743. 4 vols. Samml. neuer und merkwürdiger Reisen 4–7, Göttingen.
Högström, P. 1747. Beskrifning öfwer de til Sweriges Krona lydande Lapmarker […]. Stockholm.
Jessen, E. J. 1767. Afhandling om de Norske Finners og Lappers Hedenske Religion. København.
Johnson, R. 1598–1600 [c.1557]. Certain Notes Unperfectly Written by Richard Johnson. In Hakluyt, R. The principal navigations, voiages, traffiques and discoveries of the Engliſh nation, made by Sea or ouer Land, to the most remote and farthest distant Quarters of the earth at any time within the compa??e of these 1500 (1600) yeeres. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Bishop, Newberie & Barker, London: 347–9.
Kildal, J. 1945 [c. 1730]. Afguderiets dempelse, og den sande lærdoms fremgang […]. In Krekling, M. (ed.) Nordlands og Troms Finner i eldre håndskrifter. Nordnorske samlinger utgitt av etnografisk museum V, Oslo: 97–174.
Knag, N. 1903 [1693]. Relation om et paa Vadsøe den 8 Dec: 1691 optaget Forhør over den hundre-aarige Fin Anders Poulsen, og Dennes Bekiendelse om hans Rune Bomme og sammes Brug og Benyttelse […]. In Qvigstad, J. (ed.) Kildeskrifter til den Lappiske Mythologi 1. Det Kgl. Norske Videnskabers Selskabs skrifter 1903/1. Trondheim: 68–82.
Krasheninnikov, S. P. 1764. The history of Kamtschatka, and the Kurilski islands, with the countries adjacent. Gloucester.
Leem, K. 1767. Beskrivelse over Finmarkens Lapper, deres Tungemaal, Levemaade og forrige Afgudsdyrkelse […]. København.
Leem, K. 1768. Lexicon Lapponicum bipartium. Vol. 1. Nidrosiae.
Lindahl, E. & Öhrling, J. 1780. Lexicon lapponicum cum interpretatione vocabulorum sveco-latina et indice svecano lapponico. Joh. Lange, Holmiae.
Lundius, N. 1905 [1670s]. Lappi descriptio Lapponiae. Ed. Wiklund, K. B. Svenska Landsmål XVII:5. Norstedts, Stockholm.
Niurenius, O. P. 1973 [c. 1630]. Lapparnas Ymkeliga Hedendoms Lägenheet och Leffuerne […]. In Nordberg, E. (ed.) Källskrifter rörande kyrka och skola i den svenska lappmarken under 160-talet. Kungl. Skytteanska Samfundets Handlingar 11, Umeå: 79–83.
Olsen, I. 1910 [c. 1715]. Om lappernes vildfarelser og overtro. In Qvigstad, J. (ed.) Kildeskrifter til den Lappiske Mythologi 2. Det Kgl. Norske Videnskabers Selskabs skrifter 1910/4. Trondheim: 3–101.
Pallas, P. S. 1771–1774. Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs. 3 vols. St. Petersburg.
Randulf, J. 1903 [1723]. Relation anlangende Find-Lappernis, saavel i Nordlandene og Findmarken som udi Nummedalen, Snaasen og Selboe, deris afGuderier og Sathans Dyrkelser […]. In Qvigstad, J. (ed.) Kildeskrifter til den Lappiske Mythologi 1. Det Kgl. Norske Videnskabers Selskabs skrifter 1903/1. Trondheim: 6–62.
Rheen, S. 1897 [1671]. En kortt Relation om Lapparnes Lefwarne och Sedher, wijdskiepellsser, sampt i många Stycken Grofwe wildfarellsser. Ed. Wiklund, K. B. Svenska Landsmål XVII:1. Norstedts, Stockholm.
Schefferus, J. 1956 [1673]. Lappland. Ed. Manker, E. & Granlund, J. Acta Lapponica 8. Gebers, Stockholm.
Skanke, H. 1910 [1728–31]. Epitome historiæ missionis lapponicæ V. In Reuterskiöld, E. (ed.) Källskrifter till lapparnas mytologi. Bidrag till vår odlings häfder 10. Nordiska Museet, Stockholm: 99–109.
Skanke, H. 1945 [1728–31]. Epitome historiæ missionis lapponicæ I + III. In Solberg, O. (ed.) Nordlands og Troms Finner i eldre håndskrifter. Nordnorske samlinger utgitt av etnografisk museum V, Oslo: 175–256.
Solander, C. 1910 [1726]. Kort relation, om den danska Missions tilstånd uti Norrige […]. In Reuterskiöld, E. (ed.) Källskrifter till lapparnas mytologi. Bidrag till vår odlings häfder 10. Nordiska Museet, Stockholm: 17–27.
Steller, G. W. 1774. Beschreibung von dem Lande Kamtschatka. Frankfurt & Leipzig.
Thurenius, P. 1910 [1724]. Lapponicus, En kort Berättelse Om the widskeppelser, som uthi Åhrsilla Lapmark ännu äro i bruk. In Fellman, I. (ed.) Handlingar och uppsatser angående finska Lappmarken och lapparne 1. Helsingfors: 389–99.
von Westen, T. 1910 [1723]. Thomas von Westens bref till prästerskapet i Jämtland etc. den 11 mars 1723. In Reuterskiöld, E. (ed.) Källskrifter till lapparnas mytologi. Bidrag till vår odlings häfder 10. Nordiska Museet, Stockholm: 1–7.
Aakjær, S. 1934. Hilla, Hleiðra og Skialf. In Studier tilegnede Verner Dahlerup paa femoghalvfjerdsaarsdagen den 31. Oktober 1934. Universitets forlag, Aarhus: 52–62.
Aanestad, H. L. 2004. En nøkkel til kunnskap – om kvinneroller i jernalder. Viking 67: 69–82.
Aasen, I. 1853. Prøver af landsmaalet i Norge. Christiania.
Abram, C. 2011. Myths of the pagan North: the gods of the Norsemen. Continuum, London.
Abrams, L. 2012. Diaspora and identity in the Viking Age. Early Medieval Europe 20 (1): 17–38.
Acker, P. & Larrington, C. (eds) 2002. The Poetic Edda: essays on Old Norse mythology. Routledge, London & New York.
Adamsen, C., Hansen, U. L., Nielsen, F. O. & Watt, M. (eds) 2009. Sorte Muld: wealth, power and religion at an Iron Age central settlement on Bornholm. Bornholms Museum, Rønne.
Addy, S. 1907. Guising and mumming in Derbyshire. Journal of the Debyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society. 29: 31–44.
Adolfsson, G. & Lundström, I. 1997. Den starka kvinnan: från völva till häxa. Museiarkeologi 6. Statens Historiska Museum, Stockholm.
Afton, J., Halaas, D. F. & Masich, A. E. 2000. Cheyenne Dog Soldiers: a ledgerbook history of coups and combat. University Press of Colorado, Denver.
Agapitov, N. N. & Khangalov, M. N. 1883. Materiali dlja izuchenija shamanstva v Siberi. Irkutsk.
Ahlbäck, T. (ed.) 1987. Saami religion. Donner Institute, Åbo.
Ahlbäck, T. & Bergman, J. (eds) 1991. The Saami shaman drum. Donner Institute, Åbo.
Aikio, A. 2006. On Germanic-Saami contacts and Saami prehistory. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 91: 9–55.
Akino, S. 1999. Spirit-sending ceremonies. In Fitzhugh, W. W. & Dubreuil, C. O. (eds) Ainu: spirit of a northern people. Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC: 248–55.
Aldhouse-Green, M. 2001. Cosmovision and metaphor: monsters and shamans in Gallo-British cult expression. European Journal of Archaeology 4/2: 203–32.
Aldhouse-Green, M. & Aldhouse-Green, S. 2005. The quest for the shaman. Thames & Hudson, London & New York.
Alenstam-Petersson, B. 1949. Zwei Reliefspangen aus Grönby. Meddelanden från Lunds Universitets Historiska Museum 1949: 69–113.
Alford, V. 1933. The Abbots Bromley horn dance. Antiquity 7: 203–9.
Alford, V. 1939. Some Hobby Horses of Great Britain. Journal of the English Folk Dance and Song Society 3/4: 221–40.
Alford, V. 1968. The Hobby Horse and other animal masks. Folklore 79: 122–34.
Alkarp, M. & Price, N. 2005. Tempel av guld eller kyrka av trä? Markradarundersökningar vid Gamla Uppsala kyrka. Fornvännen 100: 261–72.
Allen, W. E. D. 1960. The poet and the spae-wife: an attempt to reconstruct al-Gazal’s embassy to the Vikings. Figgis, Dublin.
Almqvist, B. 1965. Norrön niddiktning: traditionshistoriska studier i versmagi. 1. Nid mot furstar. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm.
Almqvist, B. 1974. Norrön niddiktning: traditionshistoriska studier i versmagi. 2:1–2. Nid mot missionärer. Senmedeltida nidtraditioner. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm.
Almqvist, B. 2000. I marginalen till Sejd. In Strömbäck, D. Sejd och andra studier i nordisk själsuppfattning. Gidlunds förlag/ Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien för svensk folkkultur, Hedemora: 237–72.
Ambrosiani, B. 2001. The Birka falcon. In Ambrosiani, B. (ed.) Eastern connections. Part one: the falcon motif. Birka Studies 5. Riksantikvarieämbetet, Stockholm: 10–27.
Ambrosiani, B. & Eriksson, B. G. 1994. Birka vikingastaden. Vol. 4. Sveriges Radio, Höganäs.
Ambrosiani, B. & Eriksson, B. G. 1996. Birka vikingastaden. Vol. 5. Sveriges Radio, Höganäs.
Ambrosiani, B., Iregren, E. & Lahtiperä, P. 1984. Gravfält i fångstmarken: undersökningar av gravfälten på Smalnäset och Krankmårtenshög, Härjedalen. Riksantikvarieämbetet, Stockholm.
Ambrosiani, S. 1907. Odinskultens härkomst. Cederquist, Stockholm.
Anawalt, P. R. 2014. Shamanic regalia in the Far North. Thames & Hudson, London & New York.
Andersen, H. 1971. Den brændte stok. Skalk 1971/5: 18–26.
Anderson, S. M. & Swenson, K. (eds) 2002. Cold counsel: women in Old Norse literature and mythology. Routledge, London & New York.
Andersson, G. 2005. Gravspråk som religiös strategi: Valsta och Skälby i Attundaland under vikingatid och tidig medeltid. Riksantikvarieämbetet, Stockholm.
Andersson, G. 2006. Among trees, bones, and stones. In Andrén, A., Jennbert, K. & Raudvere, C. (eds) Old Norse religion in long-term perspectives. Nordic Academic Press, Lund: 195–9.
Andersson, G. 2013. Vikings. Royal BC Museum, Victoria.
Andersson, G. 2016. We call them Vikings. Swedish History Musuem, Stockholm.
Andersson, G. 2015. The völva – a woman of prophecy. In Jansén, M. (ed.) Just one more thing. Statens Historiska Museum, Stockholm: 92–5.
Andersson, G., Beronius Jörpeland, L., Dunér, J., Fritsch, S. & Skyllberg, E. 2004. Att föra gudarnas talan. Riksantikvarieämbetet, Stockholm.
Andersson, G. & Skyllberg, E. 2008. Gestalter och gestaltningar: om tid, rum och händelser på Lunda. Riksantikvarieämbetet, Stockholm.
Andersson, K. 2018. Völvor, krigare och vanligt folk: berättelsen om järnåldern. Atlantis, Stockholm.
Andersson, S. 1997. Sejd, shamanism och Eddan: en religionsfenomenologisk studie av sejd i fyra dikter ur Den poetiska Eddan. Undergraduate dissertation in History of Religions. University of Uppsala, Uppsala.
Andersson, S. 1999. Some aspects of seiðr in the old Scandinavian society. In Richards, J. D. (ed.) Courts and regions in the Viking Age. EC Socrates Papers 2. University of York, York: 1–10.
Andersson, T. 1980. The legend of Brynhild. Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
Andrén, A. 1989. Dörrar till förgångna myter. En tolkning av de gotländska bildstenarna. In Andrén, A. (ed.) Medeltidens födelse. Gyllenstiernska Krapperupsstiftelsen, Krapperup: 287–319.
Andrén, A. 1993a. Doors to other worlds: Scandinavian death rituals in Gotlandic perspective. Journal of European Archaeology 1: 33–56.
Andrén, A. 1993b. Några randanmärkningar till en text. Medeltidsarkeologisk tidskrift (META) 93/1: 50.
Andrén, A. 1997. Mellan ting och text: en introduktion till de historiska arkeologierna. Östling / Symposion, Stockholm.
Andrén, A. 2002. Efter medeltidsarkeologi? Medeltidsarkeologisk tidskrift (META) 02/2: 22–9.
Andrén, A. 2011. Old Norse and Germanic religion. In Insoll, T. (ed.) The Oxford handbook of the archaeology of ritual and religion. Oxford University Press, Oxford: 846–62.
Andrén, A. 2014. Tracing Old Norse cosmology. Nordic Academic Press, Lund.
Andrén, A. & Carelli, P. (eds) 2006. Odens öga: mellan människor och makter i det förkristna Norden. Dunkers Kulturhus, Helsingborg.
Andrén, A., Jennbert, K. & Raudvere, C. (eds) 2001–14. Vägar till Midgård. 16 vols. Nordic Academic Press, Lund.
Andrén, A., Jennbert, K. & Raudvere, C. (eds) 2006. Old Norse religion in long-term perspectives. Nordic Academic Press, Lund.
Androshchuk, F., Shepard, J. & White, M. (eds) 2016. Byzantium and the Viking world. University of Uppsala, Uppsala.
Anisimov, A. F. 1963. The shaman’s tent of the Evenks and the origin of the shamanistic rite. In Michael, H. N. (ed.) Studies in Siberian shamanism. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
Anonymous. 1902. Spuren von Konträrsexualität bei den alten Skandinaviern. Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Homosexualität 4: 244–63.
Anund, J. (ed.) 2007. Gården, tingen, graven: arkeologiska perspektiv från Mälardalen. Riksantikvarieämbetet, Stockholm.
Anutshin, V. I. 1914. Shamanstvo u eniseiskikh ostjakov. Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, St. Petersburg.
Arbman, H. 1937. Schweden und das karolingische Reich: Studien zu den Handelsverbindungen des 9. Jahrhunderts. Thule, Stockholm.
Arbman, H. 1939. Birka: Sveriges äldsta handelsstad. Thule, Stockholm.
Arbman, H. 1940–1943. Birka I: die Gräber. 2 vols. KVHAA, Stockholm.
Arent, A. M. 1969. The heroic pattern: old Germanic helmets, Beowulf, and Grettis saga. In Polomé, E. C. (ed.) Old Norse literature and mythology: a symposium. University of Texas Press, Austin: 130–99.
Arkush, E. N. & Allen, M. W. (eds) 2006. The archaeology of warfare. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
Ármann Jakobsson 2008. The trollish acts of Þorgrímr the witch: the meanings of troll and ergi in medieval Iceland. Saga-Book XXXII: 38–68.
Ármann Jakobsson & Sverrir Jakobsson (eds) 2017. The Routledge research companion to the medieval Icelandic sagas. Routledge, London & New York.
Arnberg, M., Ruong, I. & Unsgaard, H. 1997. Jojk. Svergies Radios Förlag, Stockholm.
Arne, T. J. 1931. Skandinavische Holzkammergräber aus der Wikingerzeit in der Ukraine. Acta Archaeologica II: 285–302.
Arne, T. J. 1932a. Rus’ erövring av Berda’a år 943: Ibn Miskaweichs berättelse om ett vikingatåg. Fornvännen 1932: 211–9.
Arne, T. J. 1932b. Ein bemerkenswerter Fund in Östergötland. Acta Archaeologica 3: 67–112.
Arnold, B. 1991. The deposed princess of Vix: the need for an engendered European prehistory. In Walde, D. & Willows, N. D. (eds) The archaeology of gender. University of Calgary Archaeological Association, Calgary: 366–74.
Arnold, B. & Haßmann, H. 1995. Archaeology in Nazi Germany: the legacy of the Faustian bargain. In Kohl, P. L. & Fawcett, C. (eds) Nationalism, politics and the practice of archaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 70–81.
Arrhenius, B. 1961. Vikingatida miniatyrer. Tor 7: 139–64.
Arrhenius, B. 1970. Tür der Toten. Frühmittelalterliche Studien 4: 384–94.
Arrhenius, B. 2001. Beliefs behind the use of polychrome jewellery in the Germanic area. In Magnus, B. (ed.) Roman gold and the development of the early Germanic kingdoms. KVHAA, Stockholm: 297–310.
Arrhenius, B. & Freij, H. 1992. ‘Pressbleck’ fragments from the East Mound in Old Uppsala analysed with a laser scanner. Laborativ Arkeologi 6: 75–110.
Arrhenius, B. & Holmqvist, W. 1960. En bildsten revideras. Fornvännen 55: 173–92.
Artelius, T. 2006. The revenant by the lake: spear symbolism in Scandinavian late Iron Age burial ritual. In Artelius, T. & Svanberg, F. (eds) Dealing with the dead: archaeological perspectives on prehistoric Scandinavian burial ritual. RAÄ, Stockholm: 261–76.
Arvidsson, S. 2007. Draksjukan: mytiska fantasier hos Tolkien, Wagner och de Vries. Nordic Academic Press, Lund.
Arwidsson, G. 1942. Valsgärde 6. Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala.
Arwidsson, G. 1954. Valsgärde 8. Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala.
Arwidsson, G. 1963. Demonmask och gudabild i germansk folkvandringstid. Tor 9: 163–87.
Arwidsson, G. (ed.) 1984. Birka II:1. Systematische Analysen der Gräberfunde. KVHAA, Stockholm.
Arwidsson, G. 1986. Messgeräte oder Bratspiesse (?). In Arwidsson, G. (ed.) Birka II:2. Systematische Analysen der Gräberfunde. KVHAA, Stockholm: 165–6.
Arwidsson, G. 1989. Verschiedene Schmuckgegenstände in Form von Menschenfiguren, Reitern, Pferden, Vierfüsslern, Vögeln und Schlangen. In Arwidsson, G. (ed.) Birka II:3. Systematische Analysen der Gräberfunde. KVHAA, Stockholm: 55–62.
Arwidsson, G. & Berg, G. 1983. The Mästermyr find: a Viking Age tool-chest from Gotland. KVHAA, Stockholm.
Arwill-Nordbladh, E. 1998. Genuskonstruktioner i nordisk vikingatid: förr och nu. University of Göteborg, Göteborg.
Arwill-Nordbladh, E. 2012. Ability and disability. On bodily variations and bodily possibilities in Viking Age myth and image. In Back Danielsson, I-M. & Thedéen, S. (eds) To tender gender: the pasts and futures of gender research in archaeology. Stockholm University, Stockholm: 33–60.
Ashby, S. 2015. What really caused the Viking Age? The social content of raiding and exploration. Archaeological Dialogues 22 (1): 89–106.
Atalay, S. 2006. Indigenous archaeology as decolonizing practice. American Indian Quarterly 30: 280–310.
Atkinson, J. H. 1992. Shamanisms today. Annual Review of Anthropology 21: 307–30.
Auður Magnúsdóttir 2001. Frillor och fruar: politik och samlevnad på Island 1120–1400. University of Göteborg, Göteborg.
Auður Magnúsdóttir 2008. Women and sexual politics. In Brink, S. & Price, N. (eds) The Viking world. Routledge, London & New York: 40–8.
Audy, F. 2018. Suspended value: using coins as pendants in Viking-Age Scandinavia (c. AD 800–1140). Stockholm University, Stockholm.
Auld, R. L. 1976. The psychological and mythic unity of the god Óðinn. Numen 23: 145–60.
Autio, E. 1991. The snake and zig-zag motifs in Finnish rock paintings and Saami drums. In Ahlbäck, T. & Bergman, J. (eds) The Saami shaman drum. Donner Institute, Åbo: 52–79.
Axboe, M. 1987. Copying in Antiquity: the Torslunda plates. Studien zur Sachsenforschung 6: 13–22.
Back Danielsson, I-M. 1999. Engendering performance in the late Iron Age. Current Swedish Archaeology 7: 7–20.
Back Danielsson, I-M. 2001. Hemdrup-staven – ett nytt tolkningsforslag. Fornvännen 96: 73–7.
Back Danielsson, I-M. 2002. (Un)masking gender – gold foil (dis) embodiments in late Iron Age Scandinavia. In Hamilakis, Y., Pluciennik, M. & Tarlow, S. (eds) Thinking through the body: archaeologies of corporeality. Kluwer, New York: 179–99.
Back Danielsson, I-M. 2007. Masking moments: the transition of bodies and beings in late Iron Age Scandinavia. Stockholm University, Stockholm.
Back Danielsson, I-M. 2016. More theory for mortuary research of the Viking world. European Journal of Archaeology 19/3: 519–31.
Bacon, E. E. 1946. A preliminary attempt to determine the culture areas of Asia. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 2.2.
Baines, P. 1977. Spinning wheels: spinners and spinning. Batsford, London.
Bakka, E. Guaselfunnet og bakgrunnen for det. In Solberg, B. & Bakka, E. (eds) Minneskrift Egil Bakka. Bergen Museum, Bergen: 248–304.
Balzer, M. M. 1981. Rituals of gender identity: markers of Siberian Khanty ethnicity, status and belief. American Anthropologist 83: 850–67.
Balzer, M. M. 1990. Shamanism: Soviet studies of traditional religion in Siberia and Central Asia. Sharpe, New York.
Balzer, M. M. 1996. Sacred genders in Siberia: shamans, bear festivals and androgyny. In Ramer, S. P. (ed.) Gender reversals and gender cultures: anthropological and historical perspectives. Routledge, London: 164–82.
Bang, A. C. 1879. Völuspaa og de sibyllinske orakler. Christiania Videnskabsselskab, Christiania.
Banzarov, D. 1891. Chernaja Vira ili shamanstvo u Mongolov. St. Petersburg.
Barbeau, M. 1950a. Totem poles. I. According to crests and topics. National Museum of Canada, Ottawa.
Barbeau, M. 1950b. Totem poles. II. According to location. National Museum of Canada, Ottawa.
Barnes, J. 2002. An Englishman abroad. In Barnes, J. Something to declare. Picador, London: 1–16.
Barnes, G. 2001. Viking America: the first millenium. Brewer, London.
Barraclough, E. R. 2016. Beyond the Northlands: Viking voyages and the Old Norse sagas. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Barrett, J. 2008. What caused the Viking Age? Antiquity 82: 671–85.
Barrett, J. 2010. Rounding up the Usual Suspects: causation and the Viking Age diaspora. In Anderson, A., Barrett, J. & Boyle, K. (eds) the global origins and development of seafaring. McDonald Institute, Cambridge: 289–302.
Barrett, J. (ed.) 2012. Being an islander: production and identity at Quoygrew, Orkney, AD 900–1600. McDonald Institute, Oxford.
Barrett, J., Beukens, R., Simpson, I., Ashmore, P., Poaps, S. & Huntley, J. 2000. What was the Viking Age and when did it happen? A view from Orkney. Norwegian Archaeological Review 33/1: 1–39.
Barrett, J. C. 1994. Fragments from antiquity: an archaeology of social life in Britain, 2900–1200 BC. Blackwell, Oxford.
Basilov, V. 1978. Vestiges of transvestism in Central-Asian shamanism. In Diószegi, V. & Hoppál, M. (eds) Shamanism in Siberia. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest: 281–9.
Batey, C. 1994. The Celtic world. In Graham-Campbell, J. A. (ed.) Cultural Atlas of the Viking World. Andromeda, Oxford: 148–63.
Baudou, E. 1977. Den förhistoriska fångstkulturen i Västernorrland. In Baudou, E. & Selinge, K-G. (eds) Västernorrlands förhistoria. Västernorrlands läns Landstinget, Härnosand: 11–152.
Baudou, E. 1978. Archaeological investigations at L. Holmsjön, Medelpad. Early Norrland 11: 1–24.
Baudou, E. 1988. Samer och germaner i det förhistoriska Norrland. Bebyggelsehistorisk Tidskrift 14: 9–23.
Baudou, E. 1997. Gustaf Hallström – arkeolog i världskrigens epok. Natur och Kultur, Stockholm.
Bayliss-Smith, T. & Mulk, I-M. 1998. Segelbåtar i Padjelanta. Samiska hällristningar från järnålder och medeltid i Laponia, Lappland. In Djerw, U. & Haasum, S. (eds) Människor och båtar i Norden. Stockholm, Sjöhistoriska Museum: 39–51.
Bayliss-Smith, T. & Mulk, I-M. 1999. Sailing boats in Padjelanta: Sámi rock engravings from the mountains in Laponia, northern Sweden. Acta Borealia 16/1: 3–41.
Bazelmans, J. 1999. By weapons made worthy: lords, retainers and their relationship in Beowulf. Amsterdam Archaeological Studies 5. Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam.
Beck, M. R. 2016. Fine fynske fynd. Skalk 2016/4: 16–7.
Beckman, N. 1936. Ignavi et imbelles et corpore infames. Arkiv för nordisk filologi 52: 78–81.
Bek-Pedersen, K. 2006. Are the spinning Nornir just a yarn? Viking and Medieval Scandinavia 3: 1–10.
Bek-Pedersen, K. 2008. Weaving swords and rolling heads: a peculiar space in Old Norse tradition. In Mencej, M. (ed.) Space and time in Europe: east and west, past and present. Univerza v Ljubljani, Ljubljana: 173–87.
Bek-Pedersen, K. 2009. Fate and weaving: justification of a metaphor. Viking and Medieval Scandinavia 5: 23–39.
Bek-Pedersen, K. 2011. The Norns in Old Norse mythology. Dunedin, Edinburgh.
Belocherkovskaja, I. & Tuchmina, N. n.d. The antiquities of the Kama River region. State History Museum, Moscow.
Bender, B. 1998. Stonehenge: making space. Berg, Oxford.
Bender, B., Hamilton, S. & Tilley, C. 1997. Leskernick: stone worlds; alternative narratives; nested landscapes. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 63: 147–78.
Berg, H. L. 2015. ‘Truth’ and the reproduction of knowledge: critical thoughts on the interpretation and understanding of Iron Age keys. In Eriksen, M. H., Pedersen, U., Rundberget, B., Axelsen, I. & Berg, H. L. (eds) Viking worlds: things, spaces and movement. Oxbow Books, Oxford: 124–43.
Bergman, I., Östlund, L., Zackrisson, O. & Liedgren, L. 2007. Stones in the snow: a Norse fur traders’ road into Sami country. Antiquity 81: 397–408.
Bergsland, K. 1985. Sørsamiske arvefjell på 1700-tallet. Åarjel-Saemieh/Samer i sør Årbok 2: 55–78.
Bergstøl, J. 2008a. Samer i Østerdalen? En studie av etnisitet i jernalderen og middelalderen i det nordøstre Hedmark. University of Oslo, Oslo.
Bergstøl, J. 2008b. Samer på dovrefjell i vikingtiden – et bidrag til debatten omkring samernes sørgrense I forhistorisk tid. Historisk Tidsskrift 87/1: 9–27.
Beronius Jörpeland, L., Göthberg, H., Seiler, A. & Wikborg, J. (eds) 2017. at Upsalum – människor och landskapande. Statens historiska museer, Stockholm.
Berthell, M. 2006. Where does Old Norse religion end? In Andrén, A., Jennbert, K. & Raudvere, C. (eds) Old Norse religion in long-term perspectives. Nordic Academic Press, Lund: 298–302.
Bible. 1811. Tat ailes tjalog, Kångalats Majestäten armokumus kåttjomen mete, sami kjälei puoktetum ja trukkai mårråtum, tan aiwelåppelats kångalats kantslien-tårjotemest. Nordinen, Härnösand.
Bible. 1895. Bibal daihe Basse ala, mi sistes doalla boares ja oðða testamenta kanonala girjid. Grøndahl, Kristiania.
Biddle, M. & Kjølbye-Biddle, B. 1992. Repton and the Vikings. Antiquity 66: 36–51.
Biering, T. J. 2006. The concept of shamanism in Old Norse religion from a sociological point of view. In Andrén, A., Jennbert, K. & Raudvere, C. (eds) Old Norse religion in long-term perspectives. Nordic Academic Press, Lund: 171–8.
Bintliff, J. (ed.) 1991. The Annales school and archaeology. Leicester University Press, London.
Bintliff, J. 1993. Why Indiana Jones is smarter than the post-processualists. Norwegian Archaeological Review 26/2: 91–100.
Bintliff, J. 2000. Archaeology and the philosophy of Wittgenstein. In Holtorf, C. & Karlsson, H. (eds) Philosophy and archaeological practice: perspectives for the 21st century. Bricoleur, Göteborg: 153–72.
Bintliff, J. & Gaffney, C. (eds) 1986. Archaeology at the interface: studies in archaeology’s relationships with history, geography, biology and physical science. BAR, Oxford.
Birket-Smith, K. 1933. Siberiske troldmænd. Nationalmuseets Arbejdsmark 1933: 23–32.
Blain, J. 2002. Nine worlds of seid-magic: ecstasy and neoshamanism in North European paganism. Routledge, London.
Blair, J. 2018. Building Anglo-Saxon England. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Blecher, L. T. & Blecher, G. (eds) 1993. Swedish folktales and legends. Pantheon, New York.
Blindheim, C. & Heyerdahl-Larsen, B. 1995. Kaupang-funnene. B. IIa. Gravplassene i Bikjholbergene/Lamøya. Undersøkelsene 1950–57. Del A. Gravskikk. Norske oldfunn XVI, Oslo.
Blum, I. 1912. Die Schutzgeister in der altnordischen Literatur. Zabern, Strassburg.
Boas, F. 1895. The social organisation and secret societies of the Kwakiutl Indians. Reports of the United States National Museum 1885: 331–738.
Boas, F. 1901. The Eskimo of Baffin Land and Hudson Bay. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 15/1, New York.
Bogoraz, V. G. 1900. Materiali po izuchenju chukotskago jazika i folklova, sobrannie v Kolymskom Okrug. Vol. I. Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.
Bogoras, W. [sic] 1904–1909. The Chukchee. Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Vol. VII. American Museum of Natural History. Brill, Leiden.
Bokholm, S. 2000. En kvinnoröst i manssamhället: Agda Montelius 1850–1920. Stockholmia, Stockholm.
Bonnetain, Y. 2006. Der nordgermanische Gott Loki aus literaturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Kümmerle, Göppingen.
Bonnetain, Y. 2007. Riding the tree. Viking and Medieval Scandinavia 3: 11–20.
Bošković-Stulli, M. 1960. Kresnik – Krsnik, ein Wesen aus der kroatischen und slovenischen Volksüberlieferung. Fabula 3: 275–98.
Bourns, T. J. S. 2014. Mythological and heroic motifs in Manx stone sculpture. In Gardeła, L. & Larrington, C. (eds) Viking myths and rituals on the Isle of Man. University of Nottingham, Nottingham: 22–9.
Bowie, F. 2000. The anthropology of religion. Blackwell, Oxford.
Boyer, R. 1981. Yggdrasill: la religion des anciens scandinaves. Payot, Paris.
Boyer, R. 1986. Le monde du double: la magie chez les anciens Scandinaves. Berg International, Paris.
Boyer, R. 1995. La grande déesse du Nord. Berg International, Paris.
Boyer, R. 2014. Les Valkyries. Les belles lettres, Paris.
Bradley, R. 1989. Deaths and entrances: a contextual study of megalithic art. Current Anthropology 30: 68–75.
Bradley, R. 1993a. Altering the earth: the origins of monuments in Britain and Continental Europe. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Edinburgh.
Bradley, R. 1993b. Archaeology: the loss of nerve. In Yoffee, N. & Sherratt, A. (eds) Archaeological theory: who sets the agenda? Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 131–3.
Bradley, R. 1997. Rock art and the prehistory of Atlantic Europe: signing the land. Routledge, London & New York.
Bradley, R. 1998. The significance of monuments: on the shaping of human experience in Neolithic and Bronze Age Europe. Routledge, London & New York.
Bradley, R. 2000. An archaeology of natural places. Routledge, London & New York.
Bradley, R. 2002. The past in prehistoric societies. Routledge, London & New York.
Bragg, L. 2008. Oedipus borealis: the aberrant body in Old Icelandic myth and saga. Fairleigh Dickenson University Press, Madison.
Brandenburga, N. E. 1895. Kurgani yoznago priladozhja. Imperial Archaeological Commission, St. Petersburg.
Brandt, B. 2002. Bandlundeviken – a Viking trading centre on Gotland. In Burenhult, G. (ed.) Remote sensing, Vol. 2. University of Stockholm, Stockholm: 243–311.
Braudel, F. 1949. La Mediterranée et le monde Méditerranéen à l’époque de Phillippe II. Colin, Paris.
Braudel, F. 1964. Écrits sur l’histoire. Flammarion, Paris.
Briem, Ó. 1963. Vanir og Æsir. Studia Islandica, Reykjavík.
Bringhurst, R. (ed. & tr.) 1999. A story as sharp as a knife: the classical Haida mythtellers and their world. Douglas & McIntyre, Madeira Park.
Bringhurst, R. (ed. & tr.) 2000. Ghandl of the Qayahl Llaanas: nine visits to the Mythworld. Douglas & McIntyre, Madeira Park.
Bringhurst, R. (ed. & tr.) 2001. Skaay of the Qquuna Qiighawaay: being in being. Douglas & McIntyre, Madeira Park.
Brink, S. 1990. Cult sites in northern Sweden. In Ahlbäck, T. (ed.) Old Norse and Finnish religions and cultic place-names. Donner Institute, Åbo: 458–89.
Brink, S. 1992. Kultkontinuitet från bosättningshistorisk utgångspunkt. In Nilsson, B. (ed.) Kontinuitet i kult och tro från vikingatid till medeltid. University of Uppsala, Uppsala: 105–128.
Brink, S. 1996. Political and social structures in early Scandinavia: a settlement-historical pre-study of the central place. Tor 28: 235–81.
Brink, S. 1997. Political and social structures in early Scandinavia II: aspects of space and territoriality – the settlement district. Tor 29: 389–437.
Brink, S. 2001. Mythologising landscape: place and space of cult and myth. In Stausberg, M. (ed.) Kontinuität und Brüche in der Religionsgeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin: 76–112.
Brink, S. 2004. Mytologiska rum och eskatologiska föreställningar i det vikingatida Norden. In Andrén, A., Jennbert, K. & Raudvere, C. (eds) Ordning mot kaos: studier av nordisk förkristen kosmologi. Nordic Academic Press, Lund: 291–316.
Brink, S. 2007. How uniform was the Old Norse religion? In Quinn, J., Haslop, K. & Wills, T. (eds) Learning and understanding in the Old Norse world. Brepols, Turnhout: 105–36.
Brink, S. 2013. Myth and ritual in pre-Christian Scandinavian landscape. In Brink, S. & Nordeide, S. (eds) Sacred sites and holy places: exploring the sacralisation of landscape through time and space. Brepols, Turnhout: 33–51.
Brink, S. & Price, N. (eds) 2008. The Viking world. Routledge, London & New York.
Broadbent, N. 2001. Fulfilling the promise… An essay on Swedish archaeology and archaeology in Sweden. Current Swedish Archaeology 9: 25–38.
Broadbent, N. 2010. Lapps and labyrinths. Saami prehistory, colonization and cultural resilience. Smithsonian, Washington, DC.
Brown, J. A. 1997. The archaeology of ancient religion in the Eastern Woodlands. Annual Review of Anthropology 26: 465–85.
Bruce-Mitford, R. 1978. The Sutton Hoo ship-burial. II: Arms, armour and regalia. British Museum Press, London.
Brunning, S. 2016. A ‘divination staff’ from Viking-Age Norway. Acta Archaeologica 87: 193–200.
Bruun, I. M. 2007. Blandede graver – blandede kulturer? En tolkning av gravskikk og etniske forhold in Norde-Norge gjennom jernalder og tidlig middelalder. Unpublished MA thesis in Archaeology. Tromsø University, Tromsø.
Brøgger, A. W., Falk, H. & Shetelig, H. (eds) 1917a. Osebergfundet. I. Universitetets Oldsaksamling, Kristiania.
Brøgger, A. W., Falk, H. & Shetelig, H. (eds) 1917b. Osebergfundet. III. Universitetets Oldsaksamling, Kristiania.
Brøgger, A. W. & Shetelig, H. (eds) 1927. Osebergfundet. V. Universitetets Oldsaksamling, Oslo.
Brøgger, A. W. & Shetelig, H. (eds) 1928. Osebergfundet. II. Universitetets Oldsaksamling, Oslo.
Brøgger, N. C. 1951. Frøya-dyrkelse og seid. Viking 15: 39–63.
Brøndsted, J. 1936. Danish inhumation graves of the Viking Age: a survey. Acta Archaeologica 7: 81–228.
Buchholz, P. 1968. Schamanistische Züge in der altisländischen Überlieferung. Bamberg, Münster.
Buchholz, P. 1971. Shamanism: the testimony of Old Icelandic literary tradition. Mediaeval Scandinavia 4: 7–20.
Buckland, P. C. 2000. The North Atlantic environment. In Fitzhugh, W. W. & Ward, E. I. (eds) Vikings: the North Atlantic Saga. Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC: 146–53.
Buckland, T. 1980. The reindeer antlers of the Abbots Bromley horn dance: a re-examination. Lore and Language 3/2A: 1–8.
Bugge, S. 1889. Studier over de nordiske gude- og heltesagns oprindelse. Cammermeyer, Christiania.
Burke, P. 1990. The French historical revolution: the Annales school 1929–1989. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Byatt, A. S. 1990. Possession. Chatto & Windus, London.
Byatt, A. S. 2011. Ragnarok: the end of the gods. Canongate, Edinburgh.
Byhan, A. 1909. Die Polarvölker. Leipzig.
Byock, J. 1982. Feud in the Icelandic saga. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Byock, J. 1988. Medieval Iceland: society, sagas and power. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Byock, J. 2001. Viking Age Iceland. Penguin, London.
Bäck, M., Hållans Stenholm, A-M. & Ljung, J-Å. 2008. Lilla Ullevi – historien om det fridlysta rummet. Riksantikvarieämbetet, Stockholm.
Bäckman, L. 1975. Sájva: föreställningar om hjälp- och skyddsväsen i heliga fjäll bland samerna. University of Stockholm, Stockholm.
Bäckman, L. 1984. Akkas: a study of four goddesses in the religion of the Sámis (Lapps). In Tyloch, W. (ed.) Current progress in the methodology of the science of religions. Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw: 31–9.
Bäckman, L. 1985. Das Haus der Trolle (review). In Bäckman, L. and Hultkrantz, Å. (eds) Saami pre-Christian religion: studies on the oldest traces of religion among the Saamis. University of Stockholm, Stockholm: 211–2.
Bäckman, L. 2005. The Noaidi and his worldview: a study of Saami shamanism from an historical point of view. Shaman 13/1–2: 29–40.
Bäckman, L. & Hultkrantz, Å. 1978. Studies in Lapp shamanism. Stockholm studies in comparative religion 16. University of Stockholm, Stockholm.
Bäckman, L. & Hultkrantz, Å. (eds) 1985. Saami pre-Christian religion. Stockholm studies in comparative religion 25. University of Stockholm, Stockholm.
Bø, O. 1960. Gand. KLNM 5: 184–5.
Bøe, J. 1940. Viking antiquities in Great Britain and Ireland. Part III: Norse antiquities in Ireland. Aschehoug, Oslo.
Bøgh-Andersen, S. 1999. Vendel- och vikingatida stekspett: ej blott för köket, ett redskap med anor från Homeros’ tid. University of Lund, Lund.
Børsheim, R. 1997. Nyeundersøgelser av Gauseldronningens grav. Frá haug ok heiðni 4: 3–9.
Børsheim, R. & Soltvedt, E-C. 2002. Gausel utgravningene 1997– 2000. Stavanger Museum, Stavanger.