Abdel-Azim, E., 320
Abelson, R. P., 51-52, 324
Absurd, 30, 47
Absurdiceptors, 85
Absurdity, 15
Academicians, 281
Accessibility, cognitive, 266-267
Acronym, 5
Adams, Katharine Donnelly, xiii
Adams, Patch, 283
Adams, Reginald B., Jr., ix, xii, xiii, 320
Adams, Scott, 80
Adaptation, evolutionary theory, 10-11, 38, 43, 58, 62, 63, 90, 91, 94-95, 97, 111, 125-126, 127, 258, 274n, 289
Adaptive behavior, 54, 59, 251
Addiction, 84, 294
to alcohol, 1, 81-82
to caffeine, 1
to chocolate, 1
to drugs, 81-82
to endorphins, xi, 253
to food, 81-82
to gambling, 81-82
to humor, 1, 26, 62, 253, 290, 294
to laziness, 81-82
to mind candy, xi
to music, 1, 253
to peek-a-boo, 220
to sex and affection, 81-82
to tobacco, 1
Additives, 217, 250. See also Spice(s)
Adrenaline, 68, 70, 221
Aesop, 154, 272
Aesthetics, 80n, 289
Affordance, 9
Agency, 242, 243
Aggression, 52n, 262-263, 291, 296
and nonaggression, 40, 261, 262
AGI models, 86, 88, 89n
Agora, Van, xiii
“Aha!,” 60, 78, 125, 214, 219, 294
AI, strong, 5, 86n. See also Artificial intelligence
AI, weak, 86n. See also Artificial intelligence
AI-complete, 4, 5, 88, 95, 298
AI-hard, 5n
Ainslie, G., 82, 84, 91, 305
Akins, K., 119, 310
Alarm calls, false-alarm, 262-263, 290-291
Alcohol, 1, 82, 128
Alexander, R. D., 60, 305
Algorithm, ix, x, 4-6, 83, 86-89, 296
Algorithmic approach to humor, 4, 5, 296
Allegiance probing, 7, 12, 265
Allin, A., 221n, 315
Allison, Mose, 19
Allman, J. M., 327
Almost-puns. See Puns, almost-
Alvarado, N., 133n, 223, 315
Ambadara, Z., 305
Ambiguity, 29, 46, 99-100, 106, 110, 134, 135, 136, 165-166, 180, 203, 209, 281
Ambivalence theory, 44n, 288
American Heritage Dictionary, 16, 322
America’s Funniest Home Videos, 152, 153
Amusement, xii, 4, 16, 24-25, 132, 140, 145, 181, 198, 203, 210, 219n, 220, 257, 264, 290, 296. See also Mirth
Analgesia
herbs as, 288
mirth and laughter as, 284-285, 288
morphine as, 70n, 253
Anderson, Barton L., 232
Anderson, J. R., 86, 101, 305
Anderson, S. W., 321
Andreasson, K., 305
Angelman disorder, 21
Anger, 19, 31, 48, 71, 83, 86, 172, 198, 257-259, 287
Anglophone academics, as target audience, 34n
Anthropocentrism, 155-157
Anthropomorphism, 55, 59, 133, 145, 155-157, 293
Anticipation, 18, 51, 53-54, 72, 123, 126, 146, 152, 156, 161, 171, 174, 182, 220, 222, 235, 243, 250, 251-254, 263, 264-265, 297. See also Expectation
Anticipation generation, 62n, 93-95, 97, 102, 107, 120, 127, 136, 147, 166, 221, 222, 264, 299, 302. See also “Producing future”
Anxiety, 79, 147, 217, 257, 263, 288
Aoki, T., 320
Apes, 39-40, 55n, 91, 125, 131, 261, 262, 291
Aphorisms, 214
Apple-peeler, 9-10
Apples, 9, 38, 242-243
Appraisal, 66n, 69, 70n, 73, 133, 252-253
Apter, M. J., 50-51, 305
Archimedes, 48, 122
Arctic, 243, 245
Aristocrats, The, 292
Aristophanes, 31n
Aristotle, 41, 43, 53, 59, 64, 90, 305, 321, 323
Arms race, evolutionary, 23, 264, 268, 292
Arms race, in pornography tastes, 156n
Armstrong, Neil, 104
Arnold, M. B., 70n, 305
Aron, A. P., 217, 275, 295, 311
Arousal, 133, 176, 217-219, 227-229, 247, 251, 252, 275, 284, 295
Arroyo, S., 21, 22, 25, 305
Art(s), x, 128-129, 140, 159, 251, 274, 280, 289, 301
of caricature, 239
humor as a, 6, 270-283, 301
Artificial agent with humor, 3-5, 27, 297-299
Artificial general intelligence, 86, 88, 89n. See also Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence, 65-66, 86-88, 89n, 95, 121n, 218
Aschersleben, G., 316
Ashraf, A. B., 133n, 305
Asimov, Isaac, 1
Assessment of intellect, 11-12, 264-269, 294, 295
Assumption, 32-33, 99, 118, 121, 125, 127, 132, 134, 137, 151, 153, 158, 161, 162, 163, 168-169, 172, 175, 186-188, 191, 193, 195, 200, 203-206, 209, 230, 232, 235, 240, 243, 249-250, 254, 276, 293-294. See also Jump to a conclusion; Leap to a conclusion
in activity of belief, 198-199
of directional concepts, 136
of empathy, in Boorstin’s perspectives, 142
of knowledge, 160
perspectival, 148-155, 213
Atkinson, Rowan, 147, 234
Atom, 240, 242
Atomic level of analysis, 160, 252
Attardo, S., 5n, 46, 50-51, 59, 100, 305
Attention, 40, 58, 71, 77, 85, 91, 95, 98, 158n, 211, 235-236, 280, 284, 295, 297
as social capital, 295
Attraction, human sexual, 128, 217, 291, 295
Austin, J. L., 27
Autism, 180
Aversive touch, of tickling, 221-229
Awe, 202, 251
Azim, E., 35, 305, 320
Bacharowski, J., 269, 321
Bachelor party, 215
Background assumptions, shared. See Knowledge, shared
Bad joke, 213, 216
Bain, Alexander, 42, 48, 49, 194, 305
Baker, K. H., 284, 311
Baldwin effect, 126n, 155, 269
Balshine, S., 35, 307
Barber, E. W., 272, 305
Barber, P. T., 272, 305
Baron-Cohen, S., 306
Barry, Dave, x
Barsalou, L. W., 77n, 113, 314
Bartlett, F., 52n, 306
Basic humor, 117, 121, 127, 130-138, 144, 147, 214n, 243. See also First-person humor
Batali, J., 260, 321
Bates, E. A., 311
Batesian mimicry, 23
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 257
Behavior, covert, 74, 76-78, 89, 110, 201, 289. See also Cognitive behavior
Behnke, E. J., 313
Bekoff, M., 80n, 260, 325
Belencaia, Adriana, xiii
Belief(s)
active, 157, 177, 179, 187, 188-189, 194, 197, 199, 201, 208n, 225, 230, 242, 288
attribution of, 6, 65n, 143, 147-150, 152-153, 158n, 161-162, 169, 178, 293, 298
commitment (see Epistemic commitment)
default, 103, 104, 110, 163, 166, 170, 172, 173, 176, 181, 198, 199, 223, 282, 294
“false,” 111, 113, 121, 124, 132, 137, 192-193, 195, 197, 198, 206-208, 216, 234, 244, 250, 265, 287-288, 294, 295, 298
high-level, 223, 225, 227
inferential, 152, 185-187, 187, 204-205
perceptual, 225
tacit, 225, 231-232
Benefit, evolutionary, 10, 38, 40, 58-59, 74-76, 81, 154, 258-260, 263-264
Bennett, A., 63
Benny, Jack, 93, 276
Bereavement, 284
Bergen, B., 306
Bergson, H., 54-55, 59, 141, 155, 176, 257, 293, 306
Bergstrom, C. T., 263, 306
Bile, 24
Binsted, K., 5, 306
Biological theory of humor, 1, 7, 9, 23, 37-39
Bipersonal humor, 151, 153, 168, 172, 216
Bird song, 260
Bishop, M., 65, 324
Black, D., 21, 224n, 306
Black boxes, audience members as, 275
Blackmore, S., 11, 306
Blakemore, S. J., 221, 222, 227, 306
Blakeslee, S., 40, 48, 146n, 222, 223, 225, 261, 262, 323
Blind Men and the Elephant, The: A Hindoo Fable, 287
Bloom, P., 146, 306
Blushing, 68, 74, 258
Bonanno, G. A., 20, 284, 317
Bonding, social group, 11, 225
Books, of comedy, 294
Boorstin, J., 140-142, 153, 171, 207, 279, 306
Boorstinian perspectives, 140-142, 153, 171, 207, 279
Booth, Stephen, 252-253, 280-283, 306
Borges, J. L., 188, 306
Borges, Priscilla, xiii
Bower, G. H., 72n, 101, 306
Boyd, R., 11, 118n, 271, 291, 306, 323
Boyer, P., 38, 159, 306
Boyle, Charles, 16
Br’er Rabbit, 249
Brains, x, xi, 12, 62-64, 66-69, 76-77, 83, 93-96, 101-103, 118-121, 125-126, 128-129, 129n, 130, 158, 178, 216, 218-220, 228, 239, 251, 279, 292, 301-302. See also Neural funny bone
electrophysiology, 52
functional architecture of, 2, 4, 21, 25, 97, 101, 289-290, 299
Brain scans, 35, 179, 302
Branigan, C., 313
Breazeal, C., 86, 307
Brennan, S., 239, 307
Bressler, E., 35, 307
Brewer, M., 181n, 307
Bridge experiment, 217, 295
Broadbent, D. E., 98, 307
Brooks, Mel, 141
Brooks, Rodney, 307
Brun, M., 80n, 323
Bryant, J., 217, 275, 307
Bubb, C. C., 117, 215, 218, 249, 307
Buddhist, 32
Burgdorf, J., 125n, 261, 321
Butt of the joke, 40, 43, 139, 140, 162, 246, 248, 267, 288, 292
Buxman, K., 284, 317
Byers, J. A., 80n, 260, 307
By-product, evolutionary, 10, 48, 127, 154, 225, 254-255, 257, 274n, 289
Byrne, A., 193n, 307
Caffeine, 1. See also Coffee
Calculus, mathematical, 175
Calculus, social, 76
Call, J., 55n, 145, 290, 307, 326, 327
Campbell, W. K., 312
Camus, A., 15
Candid Camera, 163
Cangiano, Caston, xiii
Cannon, W. B., 69, 307
Cantor, J. R., 217, 275, 307
Caricature, 7, 55, 138, 239, 274, 302
Carlin, George, 24, 136n, 276
Carlson, G. N., 308, 324
Carpenter, Karen, 214
Carr, J., 67, 150, 275, 283, 296, 307
Carrey, Jim, x, 7
Carroll, N., 242, 307
Cartoon(s), 7, 17, 35, 60, 68, 274, 294, 302
analyzing humor, 278
Darwin caricature, 241
Dilbert anticipating problems, 94
Kasparov chess, 83
Mother Goose and Grimm, “funny noise,” 183
XKCD, hypothetical situation, 96
Cartwright-Smith, J., 22n, 318
Caruthers, D., 319
Casey, K. L., 70n, 319
Catch trials, 181
Cathcart, T., 112, 178, 285n, 307
Causation, theory of, 18, 78
Censor model of humor, 44, 51, 52, 204-206
“Central conundrum” of humor, 26
Chair sculpture. See Oops!, sculpture
Challenged expectations, 183, 184
Challengers (beliefs), 184, 185
Chalmers, D. J., 65, 77n, 85, 154, 307, 308
Chambers, C. G., 99, 308, 324
Channon, S., 129n, 327
Chaplin, Charlie, x, 7, 146
Chapman, A. J., 35, 308
Chasing, in play, 152, 261-263, 293
Cheating, 75, 76n, 82, 198-199, 258-259
Chena, T., 305
Cheney, D. L., 262, 308, 325
Chess, ix, x, 66, 83n, 88, 93-94, 107, 188, 191-192, 232, 263, 296
Chevrolet brain, 12, 126
Children, humor and mirth in, 32, 35, 38, 42, 58, 157, 180, 220-221, 242, 266-267, 275, 298. See also Infants
Chimpanzees, 90, 125-126, 261-263, 290-291
play in, 145, 261
theory of mind in, 145
Chislenko, Alexander, xii, 159n, 308
Chocolate, 1, 2, 214n, 218
Christenfeld, N., 39, 228, 315
Chwalisz, K., 69, 308
Circular definition, 24. See also Definition, circular
Clark, A., 65, 85, 154, 308, 322
Clark, M., 219n, 308
Clarke, A., 127, 308
Classifying humor, 143, 156, 280. See also Humor, taxonomy of
Cleverness, 120, 123, 198, 246-249, 267. See also Wit
Close, M., 160, 273, 308
Closure, 107-108, 301
Coffee, 105, 107, 214n, 218
Cognition, xii, 63, 66, 70n, 73, 79, 83-91, 95, 97, 100-101, 104, 117, 120, 154, 297, 298
distributed, 154
embodied, 69, 85, 89-92
extended, 154
Cognitive accessibility, 266-267
Cognitive agent, 289, 297-298
Cognitive anchor, 203
Cognitive architecture, 17, 18, 65, 76, 86, 89, 94, 117, 123-125
Cognitive behavior, 77-78, 80, 86, 292. See also Behavior, covert
Cognitive bug, 225
Cognitive censors, 52, 204-206
Cognitive collusion, 154
Cognitive elaboration, 204n
Cognitive emotions, 66, 81, 85, 87. See also Epistemic emotions
Cognitively impenetrable belief, 227n
Cognitive mastery, 266-268
Cognitive mechanisms, 26, 103n
Cognitive processes, 66, 70, 301-302
Cognitive processing, 5, 61, 62
Cognitive scaffolding, 65
Cognitive science, 4, 39n, 66, 83-84, 280
Cognitive theory, 6, 57
Cohen, T., 33-34, 308
Coherence, 15, 62n, 98, 124
Cohesion, group, 269
Cohn, J. F., 305
Collins, A. M., 101, 308
Collins, J. E., II, 17, 49, 50, 173, 202-204, 206, 328
Color-blindness, 18, 298
Color perception, 16-18, 178, 298, 301
Combinatorial explosion, 93, 96, 97, 192, 297
Comedian(s), 1, 16, 54, 60, 93n, 112, 130, 157, 158n, 164, 181, 216, 240, 246, 255, 265, 270, 272, 275, 281, 290, 295
gene for, 291
Comedy, x, 1, 7, 23, 39n, 55, 60-61, 68, 117, 139, 159, 164, 182n, 189, 219-220, 228, 229, 270, 271, 277, 278-280, 294, 301, 302
Comedy clubs, 294
Comedy-in-the-wild. See Humor “in the wild”
Comic essence, 271
Commitment. See Epistemic commitment
Commitment indicator, used in joke analysis, 161-162, 165, 166, 169, 171, 173
Commitment problem, 74-75, 81
Common ancestor, of logic and humor, 292
Common code theory, 77n
Common knowledge. See Knowledge, shared
Communication, 235, 255, 258-263, 291
intention in, 160, 270
laughter as, 23, 38, 58, 131, 257-270
Competition, 41, 43, 83, 88, 147, 250, 261, 263, 265, 269, 288, 292, 295-296
in the brain, 13, 86, 89, 90-91, 118, 120-121, 140, 284, 297, 298
of jokes as memes, 272
sexual, 7, 128, 263-264, 295
Complexity theory, 4, 5n
Comprehension, 6, 35, 51, 89, 91, 97-105, 110, 114, 118-123, 134-135, 148, 175, 204-206, 209, 249, 253, 254, 294
Compression tool, used in joke analysis, 163, 169
Computation, 102, 297
theory of, 4
Computational model of humor, 3-6, 86-88, 129
Computational problem of humor, xi, 12
Conation, 83
Conception, 47, 50, 59, 72, 77n, 113-114, 148, 183-184, 206
Conception of babies, 179
Conception/perception distinction, 113-114
Concepts, 77, 91-92, 97, 101, 136, 197, 228
Conceptual blending, 85, 97
Concern, 142, 184, 185, 188, 197, 254, 262
Confectioners, 68, 270, 288
Conflict resolution, 79, 111-116
Confusion, 21-22, 27, 29, 79, 81, 84-85, 87, 91, 110-115, 124, 184, 194-197, 201, 230, 254, 276-277, 281, 282, 286n, 288
Connoisseurship, 219, 267, 295
Conscious accessibility, 19, 26, 110, 221, 242, 282, 302
Consciousness, 13, 115, 123-124, 126, 131, 199, 200, 281, 302
Contagion of laughter, 22n, 262, 268, 284
Context free, 17
Contradiction, 15, 52, 54, 62n, 64n, 79, 84-85, 87, 98, 100-102, 112-114, 118, 124, 175, 184, 188-189, 192, 195-197, 201, 209-210, 230, 240, 242, 281, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294
Contrastive valence, 45n, 253. See also Limbic contrast
Co-opting, 43, 263, 264-270, 291
Corbit, J. D., 140, 325
Correa, Rodrigo, xiii
Cosmic coincidence, 18
Cosmides, L., 289, 327
Coulson, S., 52, 98, 100, 122, 126, 204, 306, 308, 309
Counterexamples, 177, 182-201
Counterfactuals, 72, 126, 191, 244, 290, 291, 293
Cousins, N., 284, 309
Covert entry, 118-119, 121, 127, 132, 135, 147, 158, 161, 162, 165, 167, 169, 170, 179, 181, 193, 208n, 225, 230, 238, 272
Cows, 266
Craig, A. D., 70n, 309
Crawford, M., 34, 309
Creativity, 84-85, 141n, 290
Credit-assignment problem, 218-219, 295
Cress, Jacob, 180, 236
Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, 21
Crick, F., 43
Cuckoo chick, 12
Cultural ecosystems, 292
Cultural evolution, 12, 30, 63, 68, 117, 128, 155, 213, 270, 274n, 277n, 291
Cultural fitness, 214
Cultural magnification, 122
Cultural replicators, 11, 290
Cultural selection, 214
Cultural symbiont, 11
Cultural transmission
of habit, 268-269
of information, 154, 164
Culture, 32, 35n, 38, 52, 58, 96, 100, 154, 214, 215, 220, 249, 259n, 262, 271, 295, 298, 301
vs. instinct, 38
Currie, G., 193n, 309
Cuteness, 67-68n, 74
Dachille, Lindsay, xii
Damasio, A. R., 66, 69, 71, 72, 73, 84, 97n, 111, 309, 321
Damasio, H., 321
Darwin, Charles, 7, 8, 39, 239, 261, 290, 309
caricature of, 239, 241
post-Darwinian biology, 3
Darwin-Hecker hypothesis, 39, 228
Data, 66, 72, 77, 86-87, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103n, 106, 118, 120, 146, 163-164, 185, 205, 209-210, 234, 289. See also Knowledge
for analysis of humor, 39, 130, 148, 159, 178, 299
empirical, ix, 5n, 8, 20, 26-27, 99, 102, 125, 133, 181, 295, 302
Data (character on Star Trek), 3, 299
Data consistency. See Data integrity
Data integrity, 67, 127, 274, 275n, 289, 291, 294, 297, 299
checking of, 290, 292
Daum, I., 129n, 327
Davidson, K., 318
Davidson-Katz, K., 284, 318
Dawkins, R., 11, 259, 263, 309
Deacon, T. W., 122, 125, 262, 291, 294, 309
Death, 217, 221, 289
Debugging, xi, 111, 118, 120-121, 129n, 133, 178, 199, 234, 277, 288, 293-295, 297
Deception, trickery, 28, 110, 138, 145, 151, 155, 161-163, 168, 174, 184, 185, 193, 198, 216, 227n, 235, 243-244, 263, 269n
Deception indicator, used in joke analysis, 162
Decision making, 72, 76, 83, 84, 86n, 88, 90, 97n, 118n
Deconstruction, of text, 216
Deep Blue, 88
Definition, circular. See Circular definition
Deformity, 41, 55, 242
DeGeneres, Ellen, 216
Déjà vu, 25, 122
Delirium, 250
Del Prete, Sandro, 226
Demons, 243
Dennett, D. C., ix, xii, xiii, 10, 11, 24, 25, 26, 32, 55, 62, 63, 66, 67, 87, 91, 96, 106, 115, 119, 123, 124, 126, 130n, 143, 148, 154, 167, 171, 179, 181, 199, 200, 252n, 253n, 271, 290, 309-310, 314, 319
Dennett, Susan, xiii
Dependent variables, 178, 179, 181
Depew, D. J., 269, 327
Depression, 38, 286
Derision, 41, 42, 137, 238
Descartes, R., 53, 70, 310
Desiderata, 289
Designer drugs, 274
Desire attribution, 6
de Sousa, R., 66, 310
Development, 2, 6n, 35, 220, 261, 266
de Waal, F., 261, 312
Diamond, J., 271, 311
Diener, E., 69, 308
Differential cultural replication, 158, 290
Differential reproductive costs, 295
Dillon, K. M., 284, 311
Diminishment, 50, 173, 203
Dirty jokes, x, 61, 214n
Dirty mind, 265
Disambiguation, 29, 99-100, 209, 281-282. See also Ambiguity
Disappointment, 141-142n, 192, 254, 282-283, 286n
Discovery, 13, 25, 27, 60, 67, 78-79, 87, 119, 122-125, 127, 214, 219, 254, 288, 292, 293, 294. See also Insight
Discrimination, in sense of humor, 11-12
Disparagement, 42, 58-59, 249, 292
Display of intellect, 291
Dissonance, 242
Distress, 91, 254
“D’oh,” 161, 174, 190
Dolitsky, M., 119, 311
Dolphins, 55n
Domestication, evolution of, 271
Double take, 164, 243
Doubt, 79n, 81, 110, 111, 187, 188, 276, 288
Doyle, Arthur Conan, 192-193
Drunkenness, 41, 128, 161, 183, 185, 217, 259
Dual-perspective humor, 151, 169, 172, 173
Duchenne, G., 19-20, 178, 311
Duchenne laughter, 19-25, 39-40, 133, 140, 142, 178, 179, 284, 296
vs. non-Duchenne laughter, 267, 269, 284
Duck, 230
Dumouchel, P., 258n, 323
Dutton, D., 217, 275, 295, 311
Eastman, M., 40, 42, 130, 157, 176, 311
Eberhard, K. M., 308, 325, 326
Eccles, J. C., 322
Ecological validity, 181n
Ecology, mental spaces as, 246
Eddy, T. J., 290, 322
Edelman, M., 35, 321
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I., 38, 262, 311
Einon, D. F., 260, 311, 322
Ekman, P., 20, 23n, 70, 311, 312
Elaboration, 98, 204n, 291
Eleck, R. E., 22n, 318
Electrostimulation, 25
Elephant, and the blind men, 287
Elliot’s problem, 96n
Ellsworth, P., 311
Elman, J. L., 89n, 311
Elster, J., 66, 311
Emotion(s), 6, 7, 12, 21, 22n, 24-26, 45, 61, 146n, 147, 155, 165, 167, 217, 219, 228, 247, 249, 250-254, 255, 257, 258, 259, 284-285, 297, 302
conflicting, 146n
dynamics of, 279
epistemic (see Epistemic emotions)
interfering, 139-142, 189-190
lack of, 3, 142
concurrent with mirth, 155, 165, 167, 190, 192, 198, 219, 228n, 288
non-interference of other, 179
Emotional algorithms, 86
Emotional amplifier, 253
Emotional embodiment, 69, 91-92
Emotional mechanism, 289
Emotional processes, 301
Emotional responses, unconscious, 242
Empathic perspective, 279
Empathy, 140, 141, 146n, 153, 207-208
Endorphins, xi, 253
Energy, nervous, 44
Enev, Miro, xiii
Enhancement effects, 180
Entertainment industry, 294
Enthymematic jokes, 32
Epilepsy, 25, 55
gelastic, 21
Epinephrine, 68n. See also Adrenaline
Epistemic actions, 191
Epistemic capacities, 91, 184, 186, 299
Epistemic caution, 109-111, 152, 158, 162, 191, 200, 215, 223, 231
Epistemic commitment, 91, 104-116, 118, 121, 124, 131-132, 134, 149, 152-153, 155, 158, 160-162, 164-166, 168-173, 175, 177, 179, 186-187, 191, 192, 194-195, 197-198, 200, 202, 208n, 221-222, 225, 229, 234-235, 238-239, 254, 279, 288, 292-293, 295
Epistemic emotions, 66-67, 66n, 76-80, 84-92, 111, 122-127, 214, 249, 254, 259, 282, 289, 299
adaptive purpose for, 289
Epistemic incompatibility, 184
Epistemic integrity, 154. See also Data integrity
Epistemic power, 184-187, 225, 234
Epistemic predicament, 298
Epistemic reconciliation chart, 116, 234
Epistemic strength. See Epistemic power
Epistemic undecidability, 184, 196
potent, 184-185
weak (asymmetric), 185
Erb, M., 328
“Eroica” Symphony, 194
ERP experiments, 52
Errors, 249. See also Mistakes
Escher, M. C., 229
Essentialism, 3
Ethnicity, 280
Ethnic slur jokes, 32
Eugenspiegel, Till, 249
Eureka!, 1, 122, 123, 254
Evolution, 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 17, 18, 40, 144n, 213, 243n, 258, 264, 274, 290, 291, 292, 294, 299
cultural (see Cultural evolution)
of funny bone, 12
of laughter, 262
Evolutionary benefit. See Benefit, evolutionary
Evolutionary explanation, 6, 289
of emotion, 74-76, 127-130
Exaptation, 7, 23, 154, 255, 269, 274n
Expectation(s), 18, 27-29, 42, 45n, 47, 49n, 50, 54, 59, 62n, 72, 84, 93, 97, 99, 100, 102, 106-108, 110, 121, 134, 138, 145n, 146, 148, 152, 154, 158, 163, 165n, 168, 170, 171, 172-174, 182, 183, 185-187, 191, 194, 198-200, 202, 203-205, 209-210, 217, 221-222, 234-235, 238-240, 250-254, 262-264, 279, 288, 291, 293. See also Anticipation
strained, 47, 253
violation of, 108, 138, 199-200, 240
Experimental controls, 181
Extended cognition, 154
Externalization, 18-19, 43
Extinction
of behavioral traits, 74
of the humor trait, 274
of jokes, 32-33, 215
Fables, 154, 272
Facial action coding (FAC), 133, 223
Facial expressions, 22, 181, 275
Fadiga, L., 313, 323
Fagen, R., 80n, 260, 311
Fallon, J., 142
False alarm, 70, 146n, 253, 268, 290-291
signal, 262
theory, 146n, 262, 268
False expectations, 99
False negatives, 178
False positives, 162, 178, 188
Falsifiability, 159, 177-182, 197
Family resemblances, 201, 213
Fan, Justina, xii
Fauconnier, Gilles, xiii, 77, 85, 97-98, 126, 130n, 290, 312
Faulty inference, 111, 209, 276, 289, 293. See also Reasoning, mistakes in
Feedback, 22n, 69-73, 90, 92, 191, 228, 285-286
Feldman, J. A., 312
Feminism, 175, 295
Fernandez-Dols, J. M., 259, 312
Fibonacci series, ix
Fictional mental spaces. See Fictions
Fictions, 98, 103, 113, 120, 133, 138, 156, 165, 192-193, 243, 261, 289-291
Fields, W. C., x
Filip, H., 308
Filling in, 32, 103, 172, 282
First-person humor, 131, 133, 135, 137-139, 142, 143, 147, 148-157, 165n, 170, 180, 182, 188, 190, 207, 213, 216, 223, 227, 234-235, 246, 288, 292. See also Basic humor
audience-subject coincidence in, 156
First-person perceptual reality, 98, 261, 291
First-person perspective, 131, 261
Fisher, R. S., 305
Fitness
genetic, 10, 11, 43, 63, 259, 263, 274-275n, 290-291
memetic, 214
Flack, J. C., 261, 312
Flattery, 268, 291
Flavor perception, 82, 178. See also Sweetness
Flavors, of mirth and other emotions, 68, 123, 147, 216, 236, 238, 247
Fluid Analogies Research Group (FARG), 85, 88, 89n, 100, 101, 235, 307, 310, 316
fMRI, 35
Fodor, J., 89n, 312
Fogassi, L., 313, 323
Folk funnies, 290
Folk hero, 174, 249
Folklore, 299
Folk theories of humor, 26, 179, 243
Fool, 15-16, 41
Fooled, being, 44, 223, 225, 227, 230, 277
Foolishness, 190
Foot, H. C., 35, 308
Forgetting, 157, 188-191
Forster, K. I., 98, 317
“Forward model,” 222
Foster, C. A., 217, 312
Fowler, Malcolm, 236
Frame problem, 96-97, 107, 164
Frames, 51-52, 97, 100-102, 103, 155, 205
Frame-shifting, 51-53, 100, 204-205
Francis, R., 2, 312
Frank, M., 20, 312
Frank, R. H., 66, 74-75, 75n, 78, 81, 84, 258, 259, 312
Franklin, S., 86, 312
Fredrickson, B. L., 140, 313
French, R., 77n, 89n, 101, 307, 313
Freud, S., 37, 44-45, 51-52, 205n, 313
Freudenstein, T., 262, 315
Frey, Seth, xii
Fridlund, A. J., 39, 259, 313
Fried, I., 25, 313
Friend, T., 54, 313
Friendliness, with regard to social capital, 295
Friesen, W. V., 20, 23n, 311, 312
Frijda, N. H., 73, 313
Frith, C., 221, 306
Frith, U., 306
Frog, 137, 154, 289
Frontal lobe, 25
Frozen accident, evolutionary, 43
Fructose, 1. See also Sugar
Fry, W. F., 284, 313
Funhouse, 49
Funny, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 33, 35, 46, 50, 53, 55, 61, 99, 110, 123, 129, 130-131, 133, 135, 137, 139-140, 142, 145, 148, 150, 151, 153, 154, 155, 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 167, 170, 171, 173, 188, 195, 196n, 199, 213, 214, 249, 279, 280, 302
intrinsically, 17
why some jokes are more so than others, 213, 216-219
words for in other languages, 28-30
Funny bone, 2, 6, 10, 62, 117, 129n, 133, 271, 274, 290
two senses of, 28
Funny-ha-ha, 27-34, 183, 184, 186
Funny-huh, 27-34, 79, 182, 184, 186
Fusiform gyrus, 25
Gallagher, D., 69, 308
Gallese, V., 77n, 207, 313, 323
Ganis, G., 77n, 113, 317
Garden-path sentence(s), 98-99
Gardner, Martin, ix
Gargalesis, 221n
Gazzaniga, M. S., 125, 313
Gender, 280
differences, 11, 34-35, 45, 60, 294-296
Gene(s), 2, 6n, 12, 38, 43, 58, 74-75, 79, 81, 260
of bacteria, 144
gene’s eye point of view, 74-75, 79, 258-259
genes for x, 2
Generality, 33, 60, 294
General Problem Solver, 65
Genome, 269
Gervais, M., 20, 22, 39-40, 261, 313
Gesture, 7, 20, 164, 276, 277
Gesundheit! Institute, 283
Getting a joke, 19, 25, 27, 60, 107, 119, 130
Gigerenzer, G., 118n, 313
Gilbert, William, 15
Giobbi, R., 277
Glee, xi, 3, 50, 268
Glitch, 43, 113, 251
Glucose, 1, 2, 301. See also Sugar
God(s), 53, 156, 243
GOFAI processing model, 106
Goldstein, D. G., 38, 118n, 313
Goldstein, J. H., 35, 314, 328
Goldstone, R. L., 77n, 113, 314
Goldsworthy, A., 243, 244
Göncü, A., 220, 314
Gonzales, Laurence, 64, 285, 314
Goodale, M. A., 102, 320
Good taste, 38n
Goose bumps, 10
Gopnik, A., 67, 78-79, 314
Gordon, B., 305
Gortner, Marjoe, 250, 314
Gould, L., 328
Gradient ascent, 238
Grahek, N., 70n, 314
Grammar-based models, 6
Grammatical humor, 51
Grannes, D., 85, 101, 325
Gratier, M., 220, 314
Greaves, L., 67, 150, 275, 283, 296, 307
Grecius, M. D., 320
Green, J. D., 312
Greengross, Gil, xiii, 35, 269, 314
Greenspan, P., 140, 314
Greenspan, S., 73
Gregory, J. C., 224n, 314
Gregory, R., 134, 290
Gressley, D., 34, 309
Grice, Paul, 160, 235, 314
Gricean humor, 235, 246
Gricean maxims, 235
Griffin, R., 290, 314
Griffiths, P. E., 66, 69, 75n, 314, 315
Grodd, W., 327, 328
Grotesque items of humor, 242
Group selection, 263
Gruner, C. R., 315
Guha, R. V., 66, 318
Gull chicks, 159
Gustafson, D., 70n, 315
Güzeldere, Güven, xiii
Haas, Heejeong, xiii
Habits
acquired, 290
bad, 292
of thought, 90, 156, 293
Hagan, C. C., 320
HAHAcronym, 5
Hairs, as levers, 224
Half-serious. See Nonserious
Hall, G. S., 221n, 315
Hallet, B., 244
Hallucination, 18, 25, 271, 281
Hamlet’s problem, 96
Hammerschmidt, K., 262, 315
Hammer sculpture, 236
Handicap, in evolution, 258n
Happiness, 3, 259
Hard-wired instincts, 67, 158-159
Hare, B., 290, 327
Harris, C. R., 39, 133n, 223, 228, 315
Hart, J., 305
Harvard Square, 200
Haugeland, John, 64, 315
Hauser, M. D., 55n, 199, 200, 260, 315
Haydn, Joseph, 238
Hayes, P. J., 96, 319
Haywood, S. L., 98-99, 316
Headlong commitments, 200. See also Presumptions
Healing, 283-286
Hebb, D. O., 218n, 315
Hecker, E., 39, 315
Hedberg, M., 148
Heerey, E. A., 317
Hegemony, 269, 296
Herbs, 288
Herrnstein, R. J., 74, 315
Hertwig, R., 118n, 324
Heterophenomenology, 26-27, 148, 178-179
Heuristic leap, 149, 157, 177, 179, 185, 225. See also Assumption; Jump to a conclusion; Leap to a conclusion
Heuristics, 82, 88, 94-95, 107-108, 117-118, 121, 149, 160-162, 180, 187, 201, 205-206
used in joke analysis, 160-164
Heuristic search. See Time-pressured heuristic search
Hierocles, 215, 249
Hijacking
of airplanes, 166
of funny bone by memes, 290
of reward systems, 82
of rodent-sensors, 225
Hilgard, E. R., 83, 315
Hinde, R. A., 269, 315
Hinton, G., 136n
Hobbes, Thomas, 40-41, 287, 316
Hodja, Nasrudin, 249
Hoffman, Lisa, 80
Hofstadter, Douglas R., xiii, 77n, 85, 88, 100, 101, 130n, 235, 307, 316
Holland, R. W., 326
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 193
Holmes, Sherlock, 192
Hominid, 10, 40, 125, 262
Hommel, B., 77n, 316
Homonymy, 31, 215, 281-282
Homo-ridens, 55
Homo sapiens, 26, 91, 220
Honeyguide, 260
How vs. Why questions, 2
Huber, O., 129n, 324
Huh, Angie, xiii
Human touch, 223-224
Hume, D., 18
Humming, 222, 285
Humor
in ancient physiology, 24
appetite for, 121n, 291, 294
appreciation of, 2, 3, 6, 12, 15, 23, 34-35, 121n, 154, 156, 164, 175, 180, 257, 269, 291, 295, 297
approximate conditions for, 121, 157-158, 230
as a backup system, 206
boundaries of, 213-214, 216, 220-250
close kin of, 214, 219, 239
consumption of, 144, 290, 297
creation of, 5, 12, 16, 150, 157, 188, 270, 277n, 280, 295, 301 (see also Humor, production of; Humor, generation of)
definition of, 16
dependence on thought, 5
detection of, 5n, 20-21, 24, 40, 62, 140, 159, 205, 265, 267-268, 294-295
epistemic function of, 295 (see also Data integrity)
essence of, 2, 213, 301
generation of, x, 3, 6, 57, 191, 246, 274, 297 (see also Humor, production of; Humor, creation of)
no necessary and sufficient conditions for, 213
as a probe, 302
production of, 35, 130, 157, 269, 295, 296 (see also Humor, creation of; Humor, generation of)
purpose of, 9, 41, 43, 111
“real world,” 7 (see also Humor “in the wild”)
like redness, 17-18, 34
sense of, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9-10, 11, 17, 18, 28, 33, 34, 35, 43, 50, 60, 62, 157, 159, 220, 267, 296, 298-299
as a social corrective, 293
sophistication in, 156
taxonomy of, 57, 280, 301 (see also Classifying humor)
theories of, 37-55, 201-208
travels poorly, 34n
Humor feathers, 268, 298. See also Display of intellect; Showing off
Humor “in the wild,” 150, 271-272
Humphrey, N., 130n, 316
Hunches, 108, 186, 200
Hurley, M., ix, xii, xiii, 127, 191, 316
Huron, David, xii, 10, 45n, 71, 72, 104n, 129, 238, 240, 250-254, 283n, 301, 316
Hutchins, E., 85, 154, 316
Huxley, J., 143, 144n
Hypotheticals, 191
Idealized cognitive model/rationality(ICM), 84, 97, 101
Ideational pun. See Puns, almost-Ideomotor theory, 77n
Ignorance, 265
Illusion(s), 229-234
bistable, 230, 231
chess piece color, 232-233
devil’s tuning fork, 229
duck-rabbit, 230-231
elephant legs, 114
moving almonds, 232, 234
Necker cube, 230-231
Penrose triangle, 229-230
in tickling, 225
unstable, 229, 230
wheel spokes, 115
Imagination, 219, 252
Impersonal humor, 156, 288
Implicit sociality, 259
Implied audience. See Implicit sociality
Impressions, 240
Inappropriate comparisons, 205
Ince-Cushman, Alexander, xii
Incomplete information, 82, 299
Incongruity, 59, 146, 182, 183, 203, 288, 292, 293
Incongruity-resolution theory of humor, 37, 45-53, 55, 60, 171, 194, 201-203, 206, 209, 220, 222, 262, 288
Indefinition, 282, 283
Independent variables, 178, 179
Ineffability, 24, 277
Infants, humor and mirth in, 38-39, 58, 131, 220. See also Children
Inference, 147, 225, 234, 266
high-level, 225
logical, 232
tacit, 232
Information, 17, 18, 259
taken for granted, 266
Information gradient, 265-266
Information-handling process, 4, 5
Information highway, 10-11, 291
In-group humor, 33
Innateness, 6n
Inner eye theory of humor, 207
Insect-detectors, 224
Insects, 221n, 224
Inside jokes, 60, 215
Insight, 67, 78, 79, 80, 81, 89, 91, 122-125, 214, 219, 249. See also Discovery
Inspector Clouseau, 54
Instinct, 38, 269
Instinctive comedians, 277
Insult, 292
Intelligence, 15
Intelligent design, 290
Intentional stance, 6, 55, 143-148, 150, 151, 154-158, 158n, 160-161, 166, 174-175, 180, 187, 207, 228n, 246, 265, 268, 290
higher-order, 261
recursion of, 144-145, 158n
Intentional system, higher-order, 55
Interference effects, 180
Interpretation, 194, 203, 209, 210, 230
role of in joke analysis, 178
Intrinsically funny, 279
Intrinsic appetite for humor, exploitation of by memes, 291
Intrinsic quality, 17-18
Introspection, 26
Introspective methods, 280
Ishiguro, A., 320
ITPRA model of expectation, 45n, 251-252
Ivanov, Kaloyan, xiii
Izard, C. E., 70, 316
Izzard, Eddie, 276
“Jack and the Beanstalk,” 249
Jackendoff, R., 6, 85, 238, 316
Jack tales, 249
James, William, 68, 77n, 184n, 311, 316
Janata, P., 320
JAPE, 5
Jasper, H., 322
Jeannotte, L. A., 261, 312
Jests of Hierocles and Philagrius, The, 215
Jigsaw puzzle, 123, 235, 294
JITSA. See Just-in-time spreading activation
Jo, B., 305
Job-interview ploy, 268
Johnson, M., 85, 91, 311, 317
Johnson, Virginia, ix, x
Johnson-Laird, P. N., 70, 320, 321
Johnston, R. E., 259, 317
Joke(s), x, 1, 17, 23, 27, 29, 31-34, 44, 46-47, 50-51, 61, 93n, 100, 107, 118, 121, 130-138, 144, 147-153, 157-176, 192, 214, 216, 247, 272, 274, 294, 296, 297, 302
abstract painting, 270
afraid of widths, 136
Aggie cruise emended, 273-274
Aggie on cruise, 149
AIDS and Alzheimers, 188
analysis of, 157-176, 178
antibiotics, 283
antique desk, 135
appendectomy patient, 168
appreciation of, 291
atheist in Amazon, 53
bamboo chopsticks, 31
banana in your ear, 160
behaviorists, 34
being talked about, 247
Jack Benny stick-up, 93
blurry face, 19
brain as greatest organ, 67
bulimic bachelor party, 215, 216
Bush on Roe v. Wade, 41
buttered toast, 177-178
camel purchase, 273
cancer improving, 135
capitalism and communism, 169
cardboard belt, 208
Carpenter, Karen, 214
Catholic photons, 45
chatting barber, 117
Cheerios, 218
chess riddle, 188
chewing ice cubes, 155
chicken and egg, 155
chicken crossing road, 180
chromosome, 9
circular definition, 24
class assignment, 257
closure, 301
clown chef, 27
coffin riddle, 124
coke, yolk, 266
Conestoga wagon settler, 182
confessional, 217
cowboy riddle, 124
currency exchange, 172
died in the service, 165
dirtbag riddle, 238
disease named after me, 283
dissecting a frog, 289
doctor at home?, 50
doctor: “So are we going to tell your husband, or what?,” 143, 144-145, 175
dog for sale, 135
“d’oh,” 164
drinking classes, 247
driving the wrong way, 170
drugstore cigarette sales, 164
eating lettuce, 218
email, 45
Empire State Building run-up, 142
explaining jokes, 130
face as mop, 127
face of a child, 45
fear and sex, Freud, 45
fish tank, 209
French horn player, 250
Freudian slip, 44
Freud’s theory of, 44
Frisbee, 16
Germans laugh, 19
“get your own damn blanket,” 168
“goes without saying,” 24
goldfish tank, 42, 110, 119, 206, 209, 216
greatest Polish comedian, 270
hair breaks, 135
half a dog, 31
happy and sad at same time, 139
“here, whisper in my ear,” 171
he who laughs last, 15
“Hi, Ball,” 167
“Hi, Jack,” 166
hold the nail, 136
horn louder, 51
horticulture, 211n
hot dog vendor, 32
hunters—“First, let’s make sure he’s dead,” 164
“I don’t have a girlfriend, but …,” 148
“I like your dog,” 135
“illiterate?,” 175
“I’m a married man!,” 160-161
“in case of beer,” 135
Indian beer, 47
inferiority, 40
integral of x-squared, 174
Irish frog on head, 137
“I want to die peacefully in my sleep …,” 150
jockey without horse, 64
judge bribing attorneys, 151
judgment, 42-43, 58, 287, 292
kickboxing computer, 296
Korean, 31-32, 298
laugh alone, 264
lawyer, 213
life is like a bridge, 208
lightbulb riddle, 249
little girl buying candy, 151
look out for number 1, 117
lost luggage, 187
man about to throw himself off bridge, 138
masturbation, 61
mayonnaise or spinach, 51
medical practice, 135
memetic evolution of, 11, 158, 209, 214, 217, 290-292
Mephistopheles and lawyer, 54
meteorologist and Indian, 285n
morality, 247
muffin, 193
nail and hammer, 136
Newfie with bandaged ears, 32
nice belt, 201
no checkbook, 135
nothing to play with, 38
orange juice concentrate, 148
outhouse, 82-83
panhandler and David Mamet, 278
park bench, 278
pastry cook, 37
pearly gates, 193
pedant and silversmith, 215
petting zoo, 216
philosopher and pizza, 137
pig thief, 249
play fairly, 247
a priest, a rabbi, and a nun, 138
prisoner free to go, 135
puns, 134
quickie, 172
rednecks, 57
resist temptation, 247
robbery acquittal, 46
rope walks into a bar, 89
ruined, 32, 181, 200
Santa riddle, 238
senator, 169
serf elk, 112
seventeen legs, 104, 235
Sinatra, Frank, 173
O.J. Simpson riddle, 238
speed of dark, 51
squeaky sandals, 215
stuck truck, 247-248
as supernormal stimuli, xi, 159, 270, 272, 274
surgeon riddle, 195-196, 200
surgeons on operations, 41
survival of the fittest, 37
talking muffin, 137
teacup and antelope, 235
tell the truth, 247
10 kinds of people, 33
Texan prepositions, 40
Thanksgiving, 112
that look, 34
tickle my fancy, 220
timing, 270
told in the forest, 16
tragedy vs. comedy, 141
used cars, 135
ushers, 41-42
ventriloquist, 169
walk a mile in their shoes, 200
what we know for sure, 109
Wilde, Oscar—friends, 246
Winnie the Pooh, 31, 33-34
“yeah, yeah,” 27
“Yo, Gert,” 167
young enough, 247
“young lady named Tuck” limerick, 163
Joke-blindness, 275
Jump to a conclusion, 137, 156, 189, 193, 198, 265, 279. See also Assumption; Leap to a conclusion; Heuristic leap
Jung, W. E., 137, 206, 208, 316
Jürgens, U., 262, 315
Just-in-time (JIT) processing, 101-104
Just-in-time spreading activation(JITSA), 101-104, 107-109, 112, 118-119, 126, 131, 154, 179, 204n, 216, 238, 266-267, 276, 280, 282, 286, 302
Kaas, J. H., 125, 316
Kahneman, D., 327
Kamide, Y., 98-99, 316
Kant, Immanuel, 47, 50, 59, 122, 202, 253, 316
Karmiloff-Smith, A., 311
Kataria, M., 283, 284, 317
Katcher, A. H., 328
Keil, F. C., 320, 323
Keith-Spiegel, P., 37-38, 44, 317
Keller, Helga, xiii
Kelley, W. M., 320
Keltikangas-Järvinen, L., 323
Keltner, D., 20, 269, 284, 317
Kessler, M., 244
Killjoy, interpretation of “theory of mind” results, 290
Kim, Ally, xiii
King James Bible, 283
King Lear, 282
Kinzel, Doreen, xiii
Kirsh, D., 66, 191, 317
Klein, D., 112, 178, 285n, 307
Knismesis, 221n
Know-how, practical, 271
Knowledge, 27, 63, 89-91, 101, 109, 112, 113, 119-120, 127, 147-149, 151-152, 154, 158, 160-161, 173-175, 181, 192-194, 196, 199, 202-203, 207, 209, 234, 238, 240, 249, 264-268, 275, 294, 298, 302
shared, 7, 13, 23, 33, 112, 113, 144, 158, 163, 164, 166, 168, 169, 276, 291, 294, 298
statistical, 242
Knowledge-relativity of humor, 31-34, 213, 214, 216
Knowledge representation, 51, 120, 127, 144-145, 289-290, 294, 297-298
Koestler, Arthur, 9, 55, 122-123, 125, 170, 294, 317
Konner, M., 75n, 317
Kosslyn, S. M., 77n, 113, 317
Krakauer, David, xiii, 191
Kraut, R. E., 259, 317
Kubovy, M., 239, 319
Kueneman, K, 284, 318
Kunz, M., 133n, 317
Kuru, 21
Kutas, M., 52, 308, 309
Lachman, M., 263, 306
Lachter, J., 98, 317
LaFollette, H., 206, 317
Lahr, John, 317
Laird, J. D., 22n, 86, 317
Lakoff, George, 3, 91, 97, 317, 318
Lange, C. G., 68, 318
Language, 10-11, 31, 35, 38, 68n, 126, 129n, 166, 197
Language instinct, 269
Language of thought, 106
Lanzetta, J. T., 22n, 318
Larson, Gary, x
Laughlab, 164
Laughlin, Philip, xiii
Laughter, 9, 11, 12, 16, 19, 34, 41, 45, 47, 48, 49, 145, 146, 148, 150-153, 155, 157, 164, 165, 171, 181, 191, 198, 199, 202, 220, 230, 246, 249, 250, 253, 255, 257, 259, 260, 263, 264, 290, 291, 294, 296, 297
as being “about” humor, 23
as analgesic, 284
is the “best medicine,” 283
in blind and deaf children, 38, 58
contagion of, 22, 262, 268
evolution of, 262
as hard-to-fake signal, 267-268
inappropriate, 21
as nonaggression signal, 261
purpose of, 24
in rats, 261
social, 19
Laughter Yoga Club, 283-284
Laugh track, 22
Laurel and Hardy, 234
Lautenbacher, S., 133n, 317
Law of Noncontradiction, 64n, 65, 76, 85, 292
Lawyers, 41, 54, 108, 151, 152, 213
Laying on of hands, 250
Lazarus, R. S., 70n, 318
Leap to a conclusion, xi, 4, 149, 181, 208n, 299. See also Assumption; Jump to a conclusion; Heuristic leap
LeDoux, J., 70, 83-84, 318
Lefcourt, H. M., 284, 318
Leiman, J. M., 100n, 326
Lenat, Douglas B., 66, 318
Leslie, A. M., 306
Lesser, R. P., 305
Levelt, P., 134
Levenson, R. W., 140, 313
Levine, J., 328
Levinstein, Ben, 193n, 318
Levitin, D. J., 10, 318
Lewin, R., 290, 324
Lewis, D., 193n, 318
Lewis, J., 239, 320
Libido, 62, 67, 74, 274
Lieckfeldt, Ina, xiii
Lies, 116, 193
Limbic contrast, 253-254
Lincoln, Abraham, 210
Linguists, 27, 28, 100n, 104n, 134n, 239
Literary analysts, 279, 280
Locke, John, 16, 318
Loftis, J. M., 39, 313
Loftus, E. F., 101, 308
Logic, 46, 49, 51-52, 63-67, 76, 87, 89-90, 92, 109, 197, 201, 205, 225, 232, 267, 292
Logical mechanism, 138, 157, 163, 201, 204
Long division, 297
Longstocking, Pippi, 249
Lucas, Katerina, xiii
Luceya, S., 305
Ludicrous, 15, 16, 38, 48, 159
Lust, 79, 121, 246
MacDonald, K. A., 313
Machine-learning, 86, 93, 296
Magicians, 199, 201-202, 277
Maglio, P., 66, 191, 317
Magnetism, 15
Magnuson, J. S., 99, 308
Mammal, 26, 43, 125, 128, 198, 213, 220, 260
Manakata, Y., 89n
Mancuso, R. A., 313
Manurung, R., 323
Marañon, G., 69, 318
Marcus, Gary F., 89n, 318
Marijuana, 265
Marinkovic, K., 99, 318
Marriage, 161, 275
Martin, C., 321
Martin, L., 22n, 326
Martin, Rod A., 35, 283-284, 307, 318
Martin, Steve, x, 34, 283
Marx, Groucho, 45
Marx, K., 87
Marx brothers, 15
Maserati software, 12, 126
Masters, William, ix, x
Masturbation, 61, 63, 142, 214n
mental, 294
Mate-attraction, 291
Mate search, 291, 292
Mate selection, 295
Matsusaka, T., 261, 319
Matthews, B. J., 327
Mauro, R., 239, 319
Maynard Smith, J., 260, 319
Mayonnaise, 168
McCarthy, J., 96, 108-109, 171, 319
McClelland, J. L., 89n, 319, 321, 324
McGhee, P. E., 35, 38, 266, 314, 319, 328
McKay, J., 319
McKay, Ryan T., 91, 319
Mechanical behavior, 54-55, 59, 171, 176, 293
Mechanical theory of humor, 54
Mechanism of humor, 42
Meltzoff, A. N., 78, 314
Melzack, R., 70n, 319
Memes, 11, 64, 214, 209, 214, 217, 290, 291
Memory, 20, 66, 72, 85, 89, 119, 140, 185, 188, 219, 297. See also Forgetting
emotion and, 155
fallibility of, 297
long-term, 97, 105, 106, 110-112, 116, 120, 154, 157, 198-199
working, 86, 97, 101, 103, 105, 106, 110-112, 157, 158n, 179, 184, 201, 213, 254
Menon, V., 305, 320
Mental models, 154, 171, 294
Mental space(s), 12-13, 77, 90, 95-104, 105, 114, 117-122, 126, 127, 130n, 134, 138, 144-150, 144n, 155-156, 162-163, 166, 169, 171-175, 191, 210, 215, 234, 238, 240n, 243, 254, 263-267, 272, 287, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294
consistency checking in, 210
Mesolimbic fingerprint, 178-179
Metacognition, as a solution to the credit assignment problem, 219
Metacognitive avoidance techniques, 266
Metahumor, 146, 163, 193
Microemotions, 240, 252, 254, 282, 288
Microexpectations, 240
Mihalcea, R., 5n, 319
Milavsky, B., 328
Miller, Geoffrey, 12, 268, 269, 314, 319
Miller, George, 67
Millikan, Ruth, 160, 319
Mills, C. M., 320
Mills, D. E., 284, 318
Milner, A. D., 73n, 102, 320
Milner, P., 321
Mimicry, Batesian, 23
Minchoff, B., 284, 311
Mind, 255, 293, 294
Mind candy, xi, 270, 280
Mind control, by magicians, 277
Minsky, Marvin, 10n, 37, 51, 52, 100-101, 103n, 122, 155, 130n, 204, 205, 296, 320
Mirror neurons, 77n, 207
Mirth, 6, 13, 21-25, 27, 39n, 44, 47, 48, 50, 58, 67-68, 81, 85, 87, 117-142, 146, 147, 149, 155, 163, 165, 170, 178, 179, 180, 191, 200, 210, 215, 216, 218, 221, 227, 229, 240, 254-255, 266, 267, 269, 270, 272, 275, 276, 284, 285, 286, 292, 294, 295, 297
adaptive purpose for, 289
degrees of, 216
-delivery systems, jokes as, 31n
modifiers (see Mirth modifiers)
pleasure of, 292
as a product of other enjoyments, 219n
trigger of, 297
Mirth modifiers. See also Emotions, concurrent with mirth
derogation, 170
self-congratulation, 147
sex, 176
wit, 175-176
Misattribution of arousal, 171, 217, 247, 275, 295
Misdirection, 157, 216. See also Deception, trickery
Misinterpretation, 133-135, 216, 227, 282
Mistakes, xi, 40, 43, 51-52, 59, 85-87, 117-118, 120-121, 132-133, 141-142, 146, 148, 150, 152-154, 165, 166, 168, 169, 172-173, 175, 188-192, 195-197, 202-206, 210-211, 221, 230, 232, 234, 238, 243, 250, 254, 287, 292, 293, 294
cost of to organism, 161, 289
Mister Hulot’s Holiday, 152n
Mistry, J., 220, 314
Misunderstanding, 59, 173
Mo, Z., 239, 320
Mobbs, D., 62, 129, 305, 320
Mochida, T., 86, 320
Mock aggression, 291
Mocking, 58, 292
Models of learning, 218n
Monarch, N. D., 317
Monkhouse, B., 150
Montalvo, F., 5n
Monty Python and the Holy Grail, 153-154
Moran, J. M., 129n, 320
Morgenbesser, S., 27
Moron joke, 267
Morreall, John, 320
Morrison, Keith, xii
Moser, David, xiii
Mosier, C., 220, 314
Mother Nature
fooling, 274
natural selection, xi
Motion picture video, 234
Motion-sickness, 48
Motivation, 60, 66n, 67, 70, 71n, 72-84, 86, 90, 113, 120, 122, 140, 160, 251, 258-260, 286n, 292, 295, 297, 298
Motoneurons, 77
Mount Olympus, 156
Movies, 294
Mr. Bean, 147
Mr. Magoo, 147, 161
Müller, M., 88, 320
Multipersonal humor, 151, 172, 180n, 217
Munakata, Y., 89n, 321
Munroe, Randall, 96
Murray, B., 244
Music, 10, 157, 194, 238, 240, 250, 251, 253, 288, 301
Musical joke, 7
Musicians, 252n, 255, 270, 288
Müsseler, J., 316
Myers, Mike, 54
Myths, 154-155
Naïve Bayes classifiers, 5n
Naïve subject, 272
Narrative, 46, 49, 113, 140, 148, 155, 163, 167, 171, 192, 209, 239-240, 271-272, 279
Nativism, 6n, 37, 58, 62, 65, 67, 78, 85, 90, 220, 255, 290
Natural causes, nonintentional, 243
Natural history of humor, 8
Natural selection, xi, 2, 7, 102, 126n, 127-128, 140, 159, 258-259, 291
Near-humor, 213
Negotiation, emotional expression as, 269
Neisser, U., 181n, 320
Nerhardt, G., 202, 205, 320f
Nervous systems, 43, 69, 93, 225, 288, 290
Neumann, U., 239, 320
Neural funny bone, 61, 62n, 129. See also Brains
Neural network, 4, 101, 106, 111
Neurons, 69, 77, 218n
Neuropathology
of humor, 25
of laughter, 21-23
Neurophysiology, 17, 35, 62, 64, 68, 70, 71, 72, 225, 251, 271
Neuroscience, 21, 125, 128-129, 178, 180, 242
cognitive, 179, 181n
computational, 4
Neurovascular bundle, 183
Newberry, R. C., 80n, 260, 325
Newell, A., 65, 86, 317, 321
New Mexico, University of, xiii
Nichols, Eric, xii
Niedenthal, P. M., 69, 321
Nixon, R., 240
Nonhumor, 3, 57, 158, 194
Nonjokes, 158, 181, 200, 213
Nonlinguistic humor, 290
Nonreplacement, 50, 173, 202-204
Nonsense, 15, 46, 48, 51, 59, 201, 292, 293
Non sequitur, 51, 235
Nonserious, 15, 40, 59, 291
Nonverbal humor, 234
“No soap radio,” 181
Nostalgia, 219
Novelty, 67, 242, 264, 266, 277
NP-complete problems, 4, 5
Nucleus accumbens, 35, 62
Nuñez, Rafael E., 91, 318
Oatley, K., 70, 321
Object permanence, 64-65, 220
Oemig, C., 317
Office, The, 31n
Ohkawa, K., 86, 325
Olds, J., 73n, 321
Olfaction, 298
Oliphant, M., 260, 321
O’Mara, D., 323
Omark, D. R., 35, 321
Omark, M., 35, 321
One-liners, 5n, 136, 236
Ontogeny, of laughter, 58
Oops!, sculpture, 235-237
Orbicularis oculi muscle, 19, 133
Order, proper for joke delivery, 32, 275n
O’Reilly, R. C., 89n, 321
Organon, 64
Orgasm, ix, 67, 70, 79, 216, 294
Orientation response, 262
Oring, Elliott, 155, 321
Other minds, 143, 144, 243, 291. See also Problem of other minds
Outrageous Okona, 3n
Owren, M. J., 269, 321
Oxford English Dictionary, 16
Pain, 25, 48, 69n, 70-74, 76, 78-80, 84-85, 139, 152, 164, 174, 182, 216, 253-255, 284
Pain, H., 323
Panksepp, J., 125n, 261, 321
Pantelidou, Athina, xiii
Paradox, 138, 234, 260, 291
Parahippocampal gyrus, 25
Paresthesia, 182
Parisi, D., 311
Parker, Charlie, 214
Parker, Dorothy, 211n
Parody, 238-239, 274
Parr, L. A., 261, 321
Parvizi, J., 22n, 321
Patel, A. D., 10
Patterson, F. G., 312
Patzig, Günther, 321
PDP Research Group, 324
Peacock, 268
Peak shift, 240n
Peek-a-boo, 39, 220, 234
Penfield, W., 25, 128, 321, 322
Penumbral cases, 201, 213-255
Pepe le Pew, 54
Perception, 18, 22, 47-48, 50, 59, 69n, 71, 72, 77n, 78, 83-85, 91, 95, 98, 101-102, 105, 113-114, 116, 128, 140, 146-147, 155, 158, 161, 180, 183-185, 206-207, 217, 225, 232, 261, 265, 275, 298
Perceptual beliefs, 185, 221
Perpetual motion machine, cognitive, 97, 299
Phenomenology, 68, 84, 85, 102, 119, 123, 128, 180, 223, 225, 240, 298, 301
of humor, 15-35, 61, 301
original meaning of term, 15
Phenylthiocarbamide, 17n
Philips, Emo, 67, 127, 296
Philosophy, 18, 24, 193n, 206n, 287
Phlegm, 24
Physical humor, 61, 138, 234-235, 238
Physiology, 19, 24, 38, 69, 75, 179, 252, 258
Piaget, J., 52n, 64, 322
Pickett, Joseph, 322
Picture with no woman, 225, 226, 227
Pinker, S., 10, 48, 269, 322
Plato, 90
Play, 59, 80n, 122, 124, 145, 152, 262, 281, 291, 293
as practice, 80n, 260-261
purpose of, 293
social, 261
Play behavior, 145, 220, 260, 291
Play face, of chimp, 261
Play panting, in chimpanzees and other primates, 290
Play theory, 37, 38-40, 201, 244, 260, 262-263
Pleasure, xi, 3, 7, 11, 41, 43-44, 58-60, 69n, 70, 72-74, 76, 80, 84-85, 117-119, 123, 125, 127, 140, 147, 156, 171, 175, 191, 210, 214, 219, 238, 242, 246-247, 249-250, 253, 257, 262, 264, 271-272, 290, 292
Pleh, Csaba, xiii
Plunkett, K., 311
Poker face, 258
Pollo, C., 325
Pollock, John, 86, 322
Popper, K., 322
Popperian creatures, 290
Poppins, Mary, 249
Popularity, with regard to social capital, 11
Pornographers, 68, 270, 288
Pornography, 63, 156n, 159, 270, 274
Port, R. F., 89n, 327
Potegal, M., 260, 311, 322
Povinelli, D. J., 145, 290, 322
Powers, Austin, 54
Practical jokes, 162-163, 198, 290
Pragmatic actions, 191
Praise, laughter as, 269
Prasertdee, Jenny, xiii
Pratfall, 11, 145, 220, 246, 271
Preachers, preaching, 250-251
Predator, 23, 40, 58, 262
vs. prey, 263
Prediction(s)
behavioral, 21, 57, 129, 180-182, 196-197
in ITPRA model, 251-252
Prefrontal cortex, 35
Prejudice
as content in jokes, 39n, 163
about robot lack of humor, 3
as a source of faulty assumption, 195, 196
surgeon-as-male, 196
Premack, A. J., 55n, 322
Premack, D., 55n, 290, 322
Prerational processing, 225
Presumptions, 12, 113, 118, 150, 186, 200, 202, 240n
Preuschoft, S., 262, 322
Preuss, T. M., 125, 316
Primary and secondary qualities, 16-17
Primates, 26
intentional states of, 145
play in, 261
theory of mind in, 145
Priming, 99, 180-181, 215, 218, 228, 229, 279, 282
emotional, 72, 218, 228 (see also Transfer of arousal)
Prinz, Jesse J., 69, 70-71n, 73, 322
Prinz, W., 316
Prion, 21
Prkachin, K. M., 133n, 305, 318, 322
Probe, humor as, 268, 302
Problem of other minds, 24
Problem solving, 3, 25, 27, 50, 60, 77, 78, 84, 92, 103, 105, 118, 125, 165, 191, 192, 214, 236, 254, 290, 294
Producing future, 120, 220, 239, 263. See also Anticipation generation
Proffitt, D. R., 78, 322
Projection error, 19, 121, 194, 279
Promiscuity, 11
Prospecting by trial and error, 134, 271, 275, 288, 295, 301
Proteins, 4
Proto-humor, 133, 246, 261, 264, 293
Provine, R., 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 34, 35, 38, 39, 40, 228n, 259, 261, 262, 269, 295, 323
Pseudobulbar palsy, 21
Psychology experiments, jokes as, 272
Psychophysiology, 132
Punch line, 46, 49, 51, 134, 136, 138, 149, 152, 157, 158n, 169, 171-176, 181, 182n, 189, 202-204, 211, 215, 222, 230, 270, 272-273, 275n, 287, 297
Punishment, 73, 74, 79, 90, 218
Punning riddles, 5
Puns, 5, 7, 27, 31, 42, 45, 51, 61, 99, 110, 133-135, 141-142n, 144, 153, 156, 166-167, 170, 206, 208-209, 216, 234, 238, 247
almost-, 280-282
Purpose, 9-13, 45, 68, 94, 234, 235
of emotion, 73, 75n
of humor, 9-13, 40, 41, 43, 55, 58, 111, 289, 292
of laughter, 20, 23-24, 40, 45, 58, 264, 291
of play, 80n, 260, 293
of tickling, 225
Purposes, derived, of humor, 154, 264-270, 290
Puttonen, S., 323
Puzzles, 7, 85, 108-109, 122-123, 125, 136n, 200, 214, 235, 249-250, 294
Pylyshyn, Z., 89n, 312
Qualia, 123-124, 124n, 129, 178, 252, 254-255
inverted, 24
of mirth, 254
Qualification problem, 108-109
Quality, intrinsic. See Primary quality
Queior, Paul, xii
Quidnunc, 265
Rabbits
are they birds?, 267
are they ducks?, 230n
Racist humor, 39n, 218
Ramachandran, V. S., xii, 40, 48, 146n, 222-223, 225, 240n, 261, 262, 268, 323
Ramachandran and Blakeslee theory of tickling, adaptation of, 222
Rapp, A., 328
Raskin, Victor, 46, 50, 59, 100, 323
Rationale
of behavior, 12
free-floating, 275n
Rationality, 73-74, 76, 80-81, 84-85, 258, 298
Rats, laughter in, 261
Rattlesnake, 260
Ravaja, N., 132, 323
Reaction, in ITPRA model, 251-253
Reader response, 280
Real time, 4, 12, 94
Reason gone mad, 45
Reasoning, 64-67, 76, 78, 84, 87, 91, 111, 118, 120, 148-150, 191, 204-206, 221, 225, 299
mistakes in, 51-52, 195, 259 (see also Faulty inference)
Reber, R., 80n, 323
Recipe for humor, x, 57, 157, 301
Reciprocity, 270
Recurrent loops, 22
Recursion, 126, 144-145, 158, 228n, 261, 285-286
Recursive inferential depth, 265
Rehearsal, 63, 220, 291
Reiss, A. L., 305, 320
Release theory of humor, 37, 44-45, 51-53, 201, 288
Religion, 63, 80, 159
as an in-group, 33
Religionist humor, 39n
Repetition, of jokes and other humor, 154, 180, 219, 221, 276, 291
Replication, 11, 74, 158, 260, 270, 290, 291
Replicator, 10, 11, 158, 290, 291
Representations, of perception and abstract, 47
Reptiles, 213
Reward system, 2, 12, 13, 35, 62, 62n, 63, 73, 73n, 74, 82, 84, 90, 111, 120-121, 123-124, 127-130, 140, 147, 218-219, 254-255, 274, 275n, 290, 292, 294-295, 298
Rhapsodies, 251
Rhetoricians, 276, 279
Rhyme, 267, 281
Richerson, Peter J., 11, 118n, 271, 291, 306, 323
Riddles, xii, 3, 5, 53, 76, 80, 124-125, 188, 194-197, 200, 214, 235-236, 238, 249-250, 298
Ridicule, 42, 137
Ridiculous, 15, 29, 131-132, 138, 156, 176
Ritchie, Graeme, 5, 46, 59, 97, 98, 140, 208-211, 306, 323
Ritual, 262, 288
Rivers, Joan, 276
Rizzolatti, G., 77n, 207, 313, 323
Robot, 66, 86, 296-299
Rock circles, 243-245
Rodden, F. A., 327, 328
Rodent-detectors, 224, 225, 227
Rogers-Ramachandran, Diane, 240n, 323
Rogue cultural variants, 291-292
Roller-coasters, 167, 220-221
Romantic, interpretation of “theory of mind” results, 290
Rosenbloom, P., 86, 317
Ross, D., 258n, 323
Ross, W. D., 323
Roy, Deb, xii
Rozenblit, L., 323
Ruch, W, 327
Ruiz-Belda, M. A., 259, 312
Rumelhart, D. E., 319, 324
Runners’ high, xi, 253
Russell, Bertrand, 64, 90, 250, 324
Ruthruff, E., 98, 317
Saari, Donald, xiii, 229
Saari, T., 323
Saccharine, 274
Sadness, 48, 198, 216, 286n
Safety signal, 38, 40
Salvato, Teresa, xiii
Samson, A. C., 129n, 324
Samuels, R., 65, 324
Santa Fe Institute, xiii, 191
Savage-Rumbaugh, S., 290, 324
Saxe, John Godfrey, 287, 324
Scatological, 12
Scenario(s)
Apartment, The, tennis racket scene, 234-235
“are rabbits birds?,” 267
ATM forgetting, 190, 246
banana peel, 146
bingo, 235
birthday gift, 193
bison discovering grass, 123
box of apples, 242
break-dancing video, 153
cheating wife, 198-199
chess blunder, 191-192
clicking “undo,” 132
coffee cup glued to the table, 107
Complacent Frog, 154
daisy, rock, and cloud, 156
daughter late at airport, 208
discovering the lights are on at home, 182, 185, 186, 201
Divorce Barbie, 198
drinking old milk, 183, 185-187
duplicate hat deception, 162-163
entering a restaurant, 103
explaining the Newfie joke, 33
exploring a room in the dark, 161
file not in folder, 254
foam-rubber brick, 198-9
football blunder, 191-192
forgetting to press a button in the elevator, 131
“forty miles per gallon!,” 162
gas station cigarette, 154
Grasshopper and the Ant, 154
Hamlet’s problem, 96
having a stroke, 183
hearing a “funny sound” while driving, 183, 185-186
hollering to someone not there, 131
Holmes, Sherlock, 192-193
hyena, wildebeest, and baboons in the office, 108
incongruous symptoms, 49
instrument out of tune, 194
jigsaw puzzle that doesn’t all fit, 235
Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamlined Baby car, 106-107
keys left on the table, 184
kicking a ball filled with air, vs. lead, 161
lava spurts, 235
looking for lost sunglasses, 131
mailman’s bicycle, 199
McCarthy, John: “funnier!,” 171-172
nuclear reactor, 189
oysters, 155-156
painting oneself into a corner, 154
penguins and fried eggs, 96
phantom pain or paresthesia, 182, 185-186
pizza delivery video, 153
playing catch on the beach, 103-104
playing chase, 152
prize-winning pussy, 167
raccoon in the garage, 111
rats in the dark, 224
recognizing there is coffee in a cup, 105
river-wading, 151
sawing off the limb we sit upon, 154
sea-sickness, 48
slipping on the staircase, 197
spare tire story, 150
tall, thin, and short, fat clowns, 242
tennis, 188-189
three ends of rope, 201-202
Three Stooges carpentry, 234
throwing the anchor in the water, 110
waiting for the instant replay, 132
walking across the rotating funhouse bridge, 49n
wet-paint signs, 152
Schachter, S., 69, 217, 324
Schadenfreude, 139, 152, 214, 219, 238, 246, 254, 288
Schank, R. C., 51-52, 100-101, 155, 155n, 324
Schemas, 46, 97
Schemata, 52n
Schickele, Peter, 194
Schooler, L. J., 118n, 324
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 47, 50, 53, 59, 113-114, 122, 183, 202, 206, 324
Science fiction, 3
Scientific American, ix
Scorn, 29, 292
Scripts, 46, 50-51, 53, 97, 100-101, 103n, 107, 155, 166, 171
Scruggs, Dickie, 38
Search space, x, 77, 96, 107, 108, 191, 197, 238, 271, 291
Searle, John R., 5, 324
Sedivy, J. C., 324-326
Seeck, M., 325
Seidenberg, M., 100n, 326
Seidl, Bettina, xiii
Self-control, 82, 114, 140, 188, 258
Self-evident principles, of logic, 64-65, 90
Self-reference, 243
Self-report, 21, 25, 35, 39n, 178-179, 181, 197
Semantics, 5, 20, 29, 52-53, 62, 77-78, 97, 99, 101, 105, 110, 117, 124, 129n, 134-136, 149, 173, 178, 193n, 276, 296
Semantic script theories, 46, 53, 100, 171
Sensation, 17-18, 68n, 70, 73-74, 79, 91-92, 101, 179, 182, 185, 221, 223-225, 227, 232, 234, 258, 271, 284
Sentences, any one as a punch line, 211
Sex, ix, 34, 44-45, 54, 63, 70, 78-79, 99, 128, 173, 176, 214n, 217, 238, 257, 275
Sexist humor, 39n
Sexual emotions, 11, 82, 123, 257, 271
Sexual humor, 51
Sexually transmitted disease vectors, 11
Sexual selection, 11, 12, 23, 264, 268, 275n, 294-295
Sexy, 67-68
Seyfarth, R. M., 262, 308, 325
Shakespeare, W., 278, 280-282
Shamans, 288
Shammi, P., 129n, 325
Shanks, N., 206, 317
Shastri, L., 85, 101, 325
Shepard, R., 113-115
Shibata, T., 86, 325
Showing off, 153, 291
Shultz, T. R., 46, 59, 202, 209, 325
Siamese cat, 167
Sick jokes, 49
Simon, H. A., 65, 321
Simon, Neil, 279-280
Simpson, Homer, 164
Singer, J. E., 217, 324
Situation comedy, 7, 60, 182n, 228n
Skinnerian organisms, 290
Slapstick, x, 52, 61, 234, 238
Slipping on a banana peel, 52, 55, 94, 141, 146
Slugs, saccharine and humor as, 274
Smiling, 7, 19, 21, 22n, 25, 30, 133n, 203, 220, 227n, 235, 239, 259
Smith, Adam, 264, 325
Smith, Jane Ellen, 34, 308, 325
Smith, Jean R., 35, 308
Smith, L. B., 89n, 326
Smullyan, Raymond, 220
Sneezing reflex, 11
Social capital, 7, 11, 75, 139, 270, 291
Social competition, 292
Socrates, 59, 90
Solemnity, 1, 21, 34, 250
Solipsism, 277
Solomon, Richard. L., 140, 325
Solomon, Robert C., 69, 71, 325
Solomona, P. E., 305
Somatic marker hypothesis, 72, 111-112
Soussignan, R., 22, 325
South America, 26
Spandrel, 154, 274n. See also By-product, evolutionary
human, xii, 6, 9, 11, 18, 26, 43, 81, 126-127, 269, 291
of humor, 3, 61, 133, 144, 301
of meme, 11
nonhuman biological, xii, 6n, 18, 39, 55n, 58, 62-63, 123, 128, 159, 220, 261-262, 271, 291
Specifications, of a model for humor, 302
Specificity, 31-34, 60, 294
Spectrum, inverted, 24
Speech acts, 17, 19, 98, 135, 161, 166, 168, 169, 172, 173
Spencer, H., 44, 325
Sperber, D., 160, 325
Sperli, F., 21, 325
Spice(s), 171, 205n, 214, 217, 238
death as a, 217
disparagement as a, 249
excrement as a, 217
insight as a, 214, 219
nostalgia as a, 219
racial perception as a, 217
Schadenfreude as a, 214, 219
sex as a, 214, 217
superiority as a, 214
violence as a, 217
wit as a, 175, 176, 214
Spinelli, L., 325
Spinka, M., 80n, 260, 325
Spivey, M. J., 98-99, 325
Spivey-Knowlton, M. J., 326
Spreading activation, 97, 101, 106, 158, 193, 196, 228, 266, 276, 286. See also Just-in-time spreading activation (JITSA)
STANDUP, 5
Stand-up, 60, 164, 277, 296
Star Trek, 3, 299
Statistical regularities, as a solution to the credit assignment problem, 219
Stepper, S., 22n, 326
Sterelny, Kim, 11, 326
Stereotypes, 163, 168, 169, 173, 175, 195, 197, 238
Stewart, J., 112
Stich, S., 65, 324
Stimulus-delivery devices, 279
Stock, Oliviero, 5, 326
Stone, Tom, xiii
Strack, F., 22n, 326
Strapparava, Carlo, 5, 319, 326
Strick, M., 286, 326
Stupidity, 11, 15, 29, 126, 147, 159, 165, 170, 267
Stuss, D. T., 129n, 325
Subjective qualities, 124, 179. See also Qualia
Sudden glory, 40, 43, 53, 123
Sugar, 1, 67, 73, 82, 124, 214n, 218, 274, 294. See also Glucose; Fructose
Suls, J. M., 45, 46, 49, 59, 202, 209, 326
Superiority theory of humor, 37, 40-43, 45, 48, 50, 53, 55, 58-60, 139, 147, 171, 194, 201, 214, 234n, 249-250, 270, 287-288
Supernormal stimuli, xi, 159, 270, 272, 274
Support Vector Machines, 5n
Surplus, economic, 75, 270
Surprise, 47, 58, 106-110, 118, 133, 136, 170, 193, 198, 238, 242-243, 251-252, 254, 264, 276, 288, 292
Surprise Symphony, 238
Surprise theory of humor, xii, 37, 53-55, 58, 122 288, 292
Survival value, 9, 73n
Suspended disbelief, 138, 193
Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation (Huron), 251-253
Sweetness, 1, 67, 124, 159, 214n, 274, 295, 301
Sweet tooth, evolution of, 2, 10, 28, 67-68, 274
Swinney, D., 100n, 106, 190, 326
Swiss, Jamy Ian, 277, 326
Symbiont, cultural, 11
Sympathetic instant utility, 207-208
Sympathy, 38, 71, 146n, 264
Syntax, 5, 99, 134, 135, 281, 296
Szarmarasz, Vera, xiii
Taboos, 205n, 219, 246, 258
Tag, as chess for chimps, 263
Tanazawa, Takao, xiii
Tanenhaus, M. K., 99, 100n, 308, 324-326
Tanganyika, laughing epidemic, 228n
Tanie, K., 86, 325
Tati, Jacques, 152n, 234
Taxonomy of clothing, as a metaphor for taxonomy of humor, 280
Telegraphing the punch line, 134, 158n, 171, 189, 222, 230, 272, 297
Television, 1, 22, 60, 93n, 141, 152, 163, 274, 294
Tension, 11, 44-45, 52-53
in ITPRA model, 251-252
Texts, humorous, 5n, 51, 203, 209-210, 216, 301
Theater, 1, 298
Theater of cruelty, 49
Thelen, E., 89n, 326
Theodorus, 53
Theory of humor, 15, 159, 178, 206, 223, 253n, 289, 301
Theory of mind, 55n, 144, 180, 207, 261, 263, 290, 293
Therapsids, 213
Third-person humor, 138, 139, 140-142, 143-176, 180, 189-190, 192, 207-208, 213, 246, 249, 288
benefit of, 154
evolution of, 147
Thompson, J., 38, 326
Thompson, W. L., 77n, 113, 317
Thorndike, E. L., 73-74, 326
Thought experiment, 25-26, 113, 224, 296
Thought-provoking (vs. laugh-provoking), 247
Three Stooges, the, 141, 210, 234
Threshold, variable, of pleasure, 271
Threshold of awareness, 281, 282
Tickling, 39-40, 48, 59, 220-229, 232, 234, 262, 263, 293
of apes, 39, 261
aversiveness of, 221, 223, 224
as a cognitive bug, 225
inability to perform on oneself, 221-222
of the mind, xi, 24, 39, 117
of rats, 261
Time-pressured heuristic search, xi, 4, 12, 82, 88, 94, 117-118, 121, 164, 210, 265, 291-292, 297
Timing, 61, 93, 123, 146, 158, 167, 172, 186-187, 200, 229, 239, 255, 270, 275-277, 275n, 288
Tinbergen, Niko, 159, 326
Tobacco, 1
Tomasello, M., 55n, 145, 290, 307, 326, 327
Tomkins, S. S., 70, 327
Tomlin, Lily, 37, 61
Tooby, J., 289, 327
Toy model, 85, 263
Training set, 296
Trampoline, Huron’s backstage, 253-254, 288
Transfer of arousal, 176, 217-219, 227, 228, 229, 247, 275, 288, 295
Treisman, A., 98, 327
Trembath, D. L., 34, 325
Trickery. See Deception, trickery
Tricksters, 174, 198, 249
Trimmer, Barry, xii
Triumph, 27, 40, 41, 147, 246, 250
Trivers, R. L., 75, 154, 295, 327
Trottier, Leo, xii
Trust, 12, 71, 109, 111, 258
Trust falls, 198, 220, 221, 234
Truth, 12, 80n, 112, 118, 193, 294
Tufts University, xii, 199
Tugade, M. M., 313
Tulips, 281-282
Tunes, recursion in, 285
Turing, A. M., 327
Turner, M., 97-98, 126, 312
Turning the knobs, 177, 178, 179, 192, 194
Turpeinen, M., 323
Tversky, A., 327
Twain, Mark, 109, 139, 177
Twenty questions, 57-60, 289-296
as a model-selection criteria, 180
Type I errors. See False positives
Type II errors. See False negatives
Uchikawa, Y., 320
Uchino,Toshiyuki, xiii
Uekermann, J., 129n, 327
Uematsu, S., 305
Unchallenged perceptual beliefs, 185
Unger, Felix, 54
Unsupervised cognitive process, 12, 93, 200, 297
Vaartjes, Johan, xiii
Valence, 69-74, 84, 121-122, 135, 139-140, 147, 189-190, 217, 219, 229, 253, 254, 257, 284-285, 288, 295
contrastive (see Contrastive valence)
negative, 69, 79-80, 121, 135, 139, 140, 142, 190, 193, 198, 217, 230, 254, 257, 284-286, 288
positive, 24, 44, 69, 78, 80, 122, 133, 140, 142n, 147, 198, 217, 219, 254, 269, 284, 285, 286, 288, 295, 297
Valéry, P., 120
van Baaren, R.B., 326
van Gelder, T., 89n, 327
van Hooff, J. A. R. A. M., 261, 262, 322, 327
van Knippenberg, A., 326
Veatch, T. C., 327
Verbalization paradigm, 197
Vervet monkey, 262
Vestibular system, 48-49, 80
Vidal, Gore, 250
Violence, 81, 153, 217, 238, 291
Virginity, for a joke, 230
Viruses, cold, 11
Viruses, memes as being like, 11, 271
Viscera, 69
Visceral, 70, 74
Visceral eye, of Boorstin, 140, 142
Visual puns, 234, 247, 248, 249
Vogt, B. A., 70n, 327
von Goethe, J. W., 264
Voyeuristic perspective, of Boorstin, 140, 141, 142, 153, 171, 279
Waldorf, V. A., 34, 325
Walker, C., 80n, 260, 307
Waller, A., 323
“Warming-up,” 228, 229
Wary commitments, 200. See also Hunches
Watson, K. K., 129n, 327
Weber, B. H., 269, 327
Weirdness, 242
Weisfeld, G. E., 35, 327
Wellman, H., 78, 314
“What it is like,” 26
White, E. B., 289
Wig, G. S., 320
Wild, B., 129n, 327, 328
Wilde, Oscar, x, 40, 246, 297
Willful agents, 225, 243
Williams, Robin, 297
Wilson, D. S., 20, 22, 39-40, 160, 261, 313, 325
Wilson, E. O., 259, 260, 328
Wilson, S., 284, 317
Winawer, Jonathan, 232
Wincing, 133, 152, 153
Wine tasting, as metaphor for humor connoisseurship, 246
WISCRAIC, 5
Wiseman, R., 164, 328
Wit, x, 3, 15-16, 117, 128, 130, 132, 157, 175-176, 197, 198, 214, 238-239, 246, 247, 249, 250, 254, 267, 270, 296, 298
Witcher, B. S., 312
Wittgenstein, L., 3, 100, 204, 328
Witticisms, 1, 55, 117, 155, 163-164, 247, 257, 270
Witty rhymes, 31, 214
Wodehouse, P. G., x
Wolfe, Tom, 107, 328
Wolpert, D., 221, 306
Woman, old, who lived in a shoe, xi
Wonder tissue, x
Woodruff, G., 290, 322
Wordplay, 3, 7, 15, 156
Wright, Steven, 16, 51, 122, 136, 270
Wyer, R. S., 17, 49, 50, 173, 202-204, 206, 328
Xie, Stephanie, xiii
XKCD, 96
Yaglovskaya, Yuliya, xiii
Yamamoto, M., 86, 328
Yong, Y. L., 323
Young, R. C., 317
Zahavi, A., 263, 328
Zajonc, R. B., 70n, 73, 328
Zigler, E., 328
Zillmann, D., 217, 275, 307, 328
Ziv, A., 35, 328
Zysset, S., 129n, 324