CONTENTS
Introduction: Terrorism and Its Future
The Changes Wrought by the Fourth Wave
HISTORY AND THE INVENTION OF TERRORISM
1. The History and Emergence of Modern Terrorism
2. Writings on Tyranny and the Origins of the Philosophy of the Bomb
Russia’s Terrorism as a Doctrine
3. Turkey, India, and the Russian Example
Terrorism by Indian Nationalists and Former Pacifists
Arms and the Class Struggle: Spain and the United States
5. The Philosophy of the Bomb and the Far Right
6. Final Remarks on the History of Terrorism
The Iraq War and the Emergence of Al-Qaeda in Iraq
How Iraqi Politics Created Islamic State
The Arab Spring, Al-Qaeda, and Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
The Jabhat Al-Nusra Threat, the Khorasan Group, and the Co-Optation of Islamic State’s Credibility
Stymied Iraqi Reforms, Islamic State’s Decline Since 2014, and the Future of Terrorism
Religion and a Globalized Decentralized Ideology
Al-Qaeda and Islamic State: Battle of Egos in the Process of Final Victory
The (Not) Forever War: What Is Beyond Islamic State?
10. The Battlefields of the Future
Yemen: A Regional Cold War Fought Through Proxies
Afghanistan: A Legacy of Failed State Reconstruction
11. Terrorism in Europe and in the United States
The Islamic State Threat to Europe
The Terrorism Threat in the United States
12. The Culture of Modern Terrorism
Terrorism and the Psychiatrists
14. Economic Explanations of Terrorism
Terrorist Organizations as Industrial Activity
Why Is Terrorism Effective?: The Club Goods Theory
Terrorism as Theater and the Macro/Micro Divide Within Conflicts
15. Religious Violence and Terrorism
Lessons from the Current Wave of Terrorism
So What About This Current Wave of Terrorism?