This book is based on more than 150 primary-source interviews largely conducted between 2021 and 2024, along with several file-cabinet drawers’ worth of archival documents and articles in the bibliography that follows.
Quotations that are unattributed come from my own interviews. I also delved into my files for related reporting I did between 1981 and the present for Rolling Stone, the New York Daily News, Music & Sound Output, and my long-ago New York University magazine journalism class (the article later printed in the late, lamented NYU Courier). Those include older interviews with Joseph Zbeda (1981), the Song Project (1981), Suzanne Vega (1984, plus 2021–23), Ian Tyson (1987), Allan Pepper and Stanley Snadowsky (1989), Lucinda Williams (2015), Peter Yarrow (2009), Bruce Langhorne (2015), and Ramblin’ Jack Elliott (2019, plus 2022).
The archives of the New York Times, the New York Daily News, the Village Voice, the Villager, the New York Post, and other, now-defunct publications were accessed online or by way of the New York Public Library. The Village preservation.org site is an exemplary resource for anyone interested in all things historical on the neighborhood.
BOOKS
Ballon, Hilary, and Kenneth T. Jackson, eds. Robert Moses and the Modern City: The Transformation of New York. W.W. Norton, 2007.
Barone, Richard. Music + Revolution: Greenwich Village in the 1960s. Backbeat, 2022.
Barretta, Scott, ed. The Conscience of the Folk Revival: The Writings of Israel “Izzy” Young. Scarecrow, 2012.
Boone, Steve, and Tony Moss. Hotter Than a Matchhead: Life on the Run with the Lovin’ Spoonful. ECW, 2014.
Carlin, Richard. Worlds of Sound: The Story of Smithsonian Folkways. Smithsonian Books, 2008.
Caro, Robert A. The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York. Random House, 1974.
Carter, David. Stonewall: The Riots That Sparked the Gay Revolution. St. Martin’s, 2004.
Chevigny, Paul. Gigs: Jazz and the Cabaret Laws in New York City, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2005.
Cockrell, Dale. Everybody’s Doin’ It: Sex, Music and Dance in New York, 1840–1917. W.W. Norton, 2019.
Cohen, Ronald D. Rainbow Quest: The Folk Music Revival & American Society 1940–1970. University of Massachusetts Press, 2002.
Colby, Paul, with Martin Fitzpatrick. The Bitter End: Hanging Out at America’s Nightclub. Cooper Square, 2002.
Collins, Judy. Sweet Judy Blue Eyes: My Life in Music. Crown, 2011.
Cooper, Ry. From the Folk Bag. Oak, 1966.
Cross, Charles R. Room Full of Mirrors: A Biography of Jimi Hendrix. Hyperion, 2005.
Dobkin, Alex. My Red Blood. Alyson, 2009.
Dunaway, David. How Can I Keep from Singing: Pete Seeger. Da Capo, 1990.
Dylan, Bob. Chronicles Volume One. Simon & Schuster, 2004.
Einarson, John. Four Strong Winds: Ian and Sylvia. McClelland & Stewart, 2011.
Eliot, Marc. Death of a Rebel: A Biography of Phil Ochs. Franklin Watts, 1989.
Forbert, Steve, with Therese Boyd. Big City Cat: My Life in Folk-Rock. PFP, 2018.
Giddins, Gary, and Scott DeVeaux. Jazz. Norton, 2009.
Gordon, Max. Live at the Village Vanguard. St. Martin’s, 1980.
Grandin, Philomène. Don’t Forget Me. Scribner, 2022.
Greenhill, Mitch. Raised by Musical Mavericks. Hillgreen, 2019.
Hajdu, David. Positively 4th Street. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001.
Hancock, Herbie, with Lisa Dickey. Herbie Hancock: Possibilities. Viking, 2014.
Havens, Richie, with Steve Davidowitz. They Can’t Hide Us Anymore. Spike, 1999.
Heylin, Clinton. The Double Life of Bob Dylan. Little, Brown, 2021.
Holzman, Jac, and Gavan Daws. Follow the Music: The Life and High Times of Elektra Records in the Great Years of American Pop Culture. First Media, 1998.
Hortis, C. Alexander. The Mob and the City: The Hidden History of How the Mafia Captured New York. Prometheus, 2020.
Jarnow, Jesse, Wasn’t That a Time: The Weavers, the Blacklist and the Battle for the Soul of America. Da Capo, 2018.
Johnson, Ellen, Jazz Child: A Portrait of Sheila Jordan. Rowman & Littlefield, 2014.
Katz, Steve. Blood, Sweat and My Rock ’n’ Roll Years. Lyons, 2015.
Kelley, Robin D. G. Thelonious Monk: The Life and Times of an American Original. Free Press, 2009.
Klein, Joe. Woody Guthrie: A Life. Knopf, 1980.
Kooper, Al. Backstage Passes & Backstabbing Bastards: Memoirs of a Rock ’n’ Roll Survivor. Hal Leonard, 2008.
Lavin, Christine. Cold Pizza for Breakfast: A Mem-Wha?? Tell Me, 2010.
Lawrence, Tim. Love Saves the Day: A History of American Dance Music Culture, 1970–1979. Duke University Press, 2003.
Levy, Aidan. Saxophone Colossus: The Life and Music of Sonny Rollins. Hachette, 2022.
Neff, Peter Lee. That’s the Bag I’m In: The Life, Music and Mystery of Fred Neil. Blue Ceiling, 2019.
Nisenson, Eric. Open Sky: Sonny Rollins and His World of Improvisation. St. Martin’s, 2000.
Ouellette, Dan. Ron Carter: Finding the Right Notes. ArtistShare, 2008.
Pertz, Timothy Josiah Morris. The Jewgrass Boys: Bluegrass Music’s Emergence in New York City’s Washington Square Park, 1946–1961. Harvard University, 2004.
Petrus, Stephen, and Ronald D. Cohen. Folk City: New York and the American Folk Music Revival. Oxford University Press, 2015.
Pollock, Bruce. The Bleecker Street Tapes: Echoes of Greenwich Village. Trouser, 2023.
Reaven, Marci, and Steve Zeitlin. Hidden New York: A Guide to Places That Matter. Rivergate, 2006.
Roby, Steven, and Brad Schreiber. Becoming Jimi Hendrix. Da Capo, 2010.
Roche, Terre. Blabbermouth. Self-published, 2013.
Rotolo, Suze. A Freewheelin’ Time: A Memoir of Greenwich Village in the Sixties. Broadway, 2008.
Roxon, Lillian. Lillian Roxon’s Rock Encyclopedia. Grosset & Dunlap, 1971.
Santoro, Gene. Myself When I Am Real: The Life and Music of Charles Mingus. Oxford University Press, 2000.
Scaduto, Anthony. Dylan. Signet, 1973.
Scaduto, Anthony. The Dylan Tapes. University of Minnesota Press, 2022.
Shelton, Robert. No Direction Home: The Life & Music of Bob Dylan, revised and updated by Elizabeth Thomson and Patrick Humphries. Omnibus, 2011.
Strausbaugh, John. The Village: A History of Greenwich Village. Ecco, 2013.
Thal, Terri. My Greenwich Village: Dave, Bob and Me. McNidder and Grace, 2023.
Van Ronk, Dave, with Elijah Wald. The Mayor of MacDougal Street: A Memoir. Da Capo, 2005.
The Village Voice Map & Guide to Greenwich Village and the East Village. Village Voice, 1969.
Wainwright, Loudon III. Liner Notes. Blue Rider, 2017.
Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. Jazz: A History of America’s Music. Knopf, 2005.
Warner, Andrea. Buffy Sainte-Marie: The Authorized Biography. Greystone, 2021.
Wetzsteon, Ross. Republic of Dreams: Greenwich Village, the American Bohemia, 1910–1960. Simon & Schuster, 2002.
Wolfe, Charles, and Kip Lornell. The Life & Legend of Leadbelly. HarperCollins, 1992.
Woliver, Robbie. Bringing It All Back Home. Pantheon, 1986.
Woodward, Bob. Wired. Simon and Schuster, 1984.
NEWSPAPER, MAGAZINE, AND ONLINE ARTICLES
CHAPTER ONE: 1957
Author interviews: David Amram, Ramblin’ Jack Elliott, Aaron Kilberg, Barry Kornfeld, Christine Lavin, Bob Porco, Jack Prelutsky, Sonny Rollins, Peter Stampfel, Terri Thal, Happy Traum, Elijah Wald.
Asbury, Edith Evans. “Slum Fight Boils in Washington Sq.” New York Times, January 29, 1954.
Bennett, Charles G. “2-Lane Roadway in ‘Village’ Gains.” New York Times, July 17, 1958.
“Could Sing and Dance.” Brooklyn Daily Eagle, August 2, 1891.
Fine, Arnold. “A Fight for Survival—New York Coffeehouses.” Brooklyn Daily, November 17, 1961.
Freeman, Ira Henry. “New Projects Will Change the Fact—and the Character—of the Washington Square Area.” New York Times, December 8, 1957.
Gatewood, Worth. “Bulldozers in Bohemia.” Daily News, February 14, 1954.
Grutzner, Charles. “NYU Wins Right to Evict Tenants.” New York Times, December 31, 1957.
Grutzner, Charles. “Six-Block Project to Rise in Village.” New York Times, July 15, 1957.
Hoefer, George. “Cafe Society Downtown and Uptown—The Wrong Place for the Right People.” DownBeat ’67, 12th Yearbook, 1967.
“Home Ownership Up, Census Report Shows.” Spokesman-Review (Spokane, WA), April 14, 1957.
Kelly, Frank A. “Art of Minstrelsy Lives Again in Cellar.” World Wide News (syndicated), September 24, 1942.
Kornfeld, Barry. “Folksinging in Washington Square.” Caravan 18 (August-September, 1959).
Les. “Stardust Beat.” New York Age, November 23, 1957.
“Letters to the Times.” New York Times, October 22, 1953.
“Local Laws of the City of New York.” Municipal Reference Library, New York, 1931.
McGlinchy, James. “Bumps in Bohemia: Village Suffering a Split Personality.” New York Daily News, April 16, 1954.
“Minstrel Using a Washtub Bass.” New York Times, May 16, 1955.
“One Liquor Seller to Jail.” New York Times, November 2, 1919.
Pegler, Westbrook. “H-T Gives Free Plug to Cafe Society.” Knoxville (TN) Journal, June 14, 1948.
“Report on the Committee of Local Laws in Favor of Adjusting a Local Law to Regulate Dance Halls and Cabarets and Providing for Licensing the Same.” Municipal Assembly of the City of New York, 1926.
Runyon, Damon. “The Brighter Side.” New York Daily Mirror, June 22, 1939.
Stolls, Jerry. “Folk Songs Go Round and Round at ‘Circle.’” New York Daily News, September 1, 1957.
Sullivan, Robert. “20 Years in a Cellar.” New York Daily News, December 5, 1954.
Trent, George. “‘Kentucky Ballads’ Are Laying the Sophisticated in the Aisles.” Courier-Journal (Louisville, KY), April 11, 1948.
“Washington Square Plan Wins.” New York Times, May 11, 1935.
Wilcock, John. “Music-Makers Quit the Scene (but Only for the Wintertime).” Village Voice, October 26, 1955.
“Work Starts Soon on Washington Square.” New York Times, October 3, 1939.
Zapol, Lisa. “David Amram—Oral History Interview.” Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, 2014.
CHAPTER TWO: 1958–1960
Author interviews: Judy Collins, John Conley, Christina Mitchell Diamente, Delores Dixon, Sharon D’Lugoff, Ramblin’ Jack Elliott, Carolyn Hester, Erik Jacobsen, Sheila Jordan, Danny Kalb, Jonathan Kalb, Steve Katz, Barry Kornfeld, Julia Ann Mitchell-Conley, Tom Paxton, Peter Stampfel, Noel Paul Stookey, Steve Swallow, Terri Thal, Happy Traum, Dick Weissman, Tim Ziegler.
Alden, Robert. “‘Village’ Tension Upsets Residents.” New York Times, September 29, 1959.
“Around Town.” New York Daily News, November 1, 1959.
“Beatnik Café Sues in ‘Hazard’ Closing.” New York Times, June 25, 1960.
Bennett, Charles G. “Washington Square Traffic to Halt While Road Issue Is Decided.” New York Times, October 4, 1958.
“Cabaret Bureau Hit; Action Against Village Gate Put Off.” Village Voice, October 27, 1960.
Davis, Francis. “Ornette’s Permanent Revolution.” Atlantic, September 1985.
Duncan, Val. “What Is the Beat Generation?” Newsday, August 5, 1959.
“50 Speak Up on Park Road, 39 to Say No.” New York Daily News, May 15, 1958.
“4 Coffee Shops Are Guilty of Entertainment.” New York Daily News, October 15, 1960.
Frishberg, Dave. “How History Almost Happened at the Page Three.” artsjournal.com, 2006.
Gelb, Arthur. “Voice of the Beatnik Is Stilled in the ‘Village.’” New York Times, October 20, 1960.
Goddard, J. R. “Van Ronk Fills Minetta with Passionate Wail.” Village Voice, August 4, 1960.
Isaacs, Stan. “Meet the Impresario of Off-Beat Talent.” Newsday, January 31, 1962.
Kenny, Jack. “Modern Eve Adams Driven from Eden.” New York Daily News, December 7, 1927.
Klein, Edward. “The Beat Generation in the Village.” New York Daily News, February 19, 1958.
Klein, Edward. “So This Is Liberty?” New York Daily News, October 18, 1959.
Knowles, Clayton. “Moses Hints at Advance to Rear in Battle of Washington Square.” New York Times, May 19, 1958.
Laarhoven, Kasper Van. “The Story of the Gaslight Cafe.” bedfordandbowery.com, December 28, 2016.
Millstein, Gilbert. “New Battle of Our Washington Square.” New York Times Magazine, May 4, 1958.
“OPA Court Orders Hit 65 Restaurants.” New York Times, October 21, 1944.
“Planners Urge 36-Foot Road for Washington Square.” New York Daily News, October 22, 1958.
“Queer Doings Net Suspension for Vill. Clubs.” Billboard, November 25, 1944.
Savage, Tom. “On Broadway Adventures.” Tuskegee (AL) Herald, December 18, 1956.
Sharbutt, Jay. “‘Good Joint in the (Greenwich) Village’ Is Now a Hallmark.” Associated Press, December 7, 1980.
Shelton, Robert. “Folk Music Makes Mark on City’s Night Life.” New York Times, November 17, 1960.
Shelton, Robert. “Folk-Song and Singers.” New York Times, October 12, 1958.
Solomon, Linda. “New York on a Shoestring.” Kings Courier (Brooklyn, NY), December 3, 1960.
Stearn, Jess. “Coffee Brews Up Some Rare Beans.” New York Daily News, March 8, 1959.
Stearn, Jess. “The V Girl Boom.” New York Daily News, November 14, 1954.
Sylvester, Robert. “Dream Street.” New York Daily News, March 6, 1958.
Talese, Gay. “Court Backs Bach with Café Au Lait.” New York Times, October 23, 1959.
“Tension Boils Up in Square, but Major Riot Averted.” Village Voice, July 28, 1960.
Wetzig, Mina. “Beatniks vs. Copniks.” New York Daily News, June 28, 1959.
Wilson, John S. “Extremes of Jazz Meet Nightly in ‘Village.’” New York Times, November 3, 1960.
CHAPTER THREE: 1961–1962
Author interviews: Judy Collins, Delores Dixon, Bonnie Dobson, Daniel Drasin, Ramblin’ Jack Elliott, Carolyn Hester, Erik Jacobsen, Billy James, Danny Kalb, Steve Katz, Barry Kornfeld, Tom Paxton, Ron Radosh, Marc Silber, Peter Stampfel, Noel Paul Stookey, Steve Swallow, Terri Thal, Happy Traum, Dick Weissman, Peter Yarrow.
“Art D’Lugoff.” NYPR Archive Collections, WNYC, March 6, 1960.
Benjamin, Philip. “Mayor Backs Ban on Park Singing.” New York Times, April 12, 1961.
Cassidy, Joseph, and Jack Smee. “Park Songfest in Village Boils into Slugfest.” New York Daily News, April 10, 1961.
Clendenin, Michael. “Gaslight Boss in Row with Cop, Jailed.” New York Daily News, April 29, 1961.
“Coffee Shop Man Charges Cops Milked Him.” New York Daily News, February 8, 1962.
“Elektra’s 15th Anny: From Dormitory to Big Share of Indie Dollar.” Cashbox, January 18, 1966.
Federici, William. “Coffee House Issue Is Poured into Magistrate’s Percolator.” New York Daily News, April 13, 1961.
Federici, William, and Sidney Kline. “Coffee House Quiz Sizzles with a Lot of Self-Expresso.” New York Daily News, August 8, 1961.
“Gaslight Cafe Beats Fire-Law Violation by a Technicality.” New York Times, March 10, 1961.
Hofman, Paul. “Folk Singers Riot in Washington Square.” New York Times, April 10, 1961.
Kleiner, Dick. “Two Bears, Gal—Road to Stardom.” Sunday Home News (New Brunswick, NJ), July 22, 1962.
“Making the Village Scene.” New York Times, February 12, 1961.
Nelsen, Don. “Special Trane Pulls into VV.” New York Daily News, October 29, 1961.
“Police Probe Café Owner’s Bribe Charge.” New York Daily News, April 6, 1961.
“Resolution to Investigate Certain Statements Allegedly Made by Policemen in Regard to Negroes Patronizing Night Clubs in Greenwich Village.” Council of the City of New York Collection, 1961, box 052723, LaGuardia and Wagner Archives, LaGuardia Community College, New York City.
“Revolt in Washington Square.” New York Times, April 11, 1961.
Richards, Steve. “Two Cops Face Charges of Bribery in Village.” New York Daily News, May 28, 1961.
Robertson, Nan. “Folk-Song Rally Mocks Parks Ban.” New York Times, April 24, 1961.
“South Village Historic District Designation Report.” NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission, December 17, 2013.
“Truce Plan Works a Second Sunday in Washington Square.” New York Times, May 22, 1961.
CHAPTER FOUR: 1963–1964
Author interviews: Eric Andersen, Joan Baez, Judy Collins, James Cromwell, Ramblin’ Jack Elliott, Jim Glover, Arlo Guthrie, Herbie Hancock, Danny Kalb, Barry Kornfeld, Bruce Langhorne, Sonny Ochs, Tom Paxton, Susan Martin Robbins, Buffy Sainte-Marie, John Sebastian, Peter Stampfel, Noel Paul Stookey, Happy Traum, Ian Tyson, Sylvia Tyson.
Abramson, Martin. “‘Sonic Boom’ Fading in Folk Music.” Memphis Commercial-Appeal, August 24, 1964.
“Anti-Beatnik, 73, Kills Owner of Coffee Shop.” New York Daily News, April 1, 1963.
Asbury, Edith Evans. “Greenwich Village Argues New Way of Life.” New York Times, August 4, 1963.
“City Cracks Down on Coffeehouses.” New York Times, November 3, 1964.
Gansberg, Martin. “15 ‘Village’ Shops Ordered to Close.” New York Times, March 25, 1964.
Henshaw, Tom. “Folk Singing Sweeps Land.” Associated Press, November 17, 1963.
Iachetta, Michael. “Music with a Message.” New York Daily News, October 20, 1963.
Kirk, Christina. “Strings Are the Thing.” New York Daily News, April 19, 1964.
Krebs, Albin. “Bruce’s Act ‘Obscene.’” Herald Tribune News Service, November 6, 1964.
Lamb, Bob. “The Journeymen Discover a New Musical Innovation.” Macon (GA) Telegraph and News, October 20, 1963.
Shelton, Robert. “Folk Music Rings Out Vividly in Hootenanny at Carnegie Hall.” New York Times, September 23, 1963.
Shelton, Robert. “Guitarist, 18, Charms Audiences.” New York Times, July 13, 1963.
Shelton, Robert. “Old Music Taking on New Color.” New York Times, August 17, 1963.
Shelton, Robert. “This Long-Haired Singer Is No Beatle.” New York Times, February 21, 1964.
Strand, Alf. “Goateed Singer Uses ‘Beat’ Idioms Though He’s Thoughtful Musician.” Leader-Post (Regina, SK), April 25, 1963.
Wilson, John S. “Cabaret Business Nears Low Point.” New York Times, March 12, 1964.
Wolfe, Paul. “The ‘New’ Bob Dylan.” Broadside, December 20, 1964.
Zitrin, Richard. “He’s a Changed Man.” Akron (OH) Beacon-Journal, January 18, 1976.
CHAPTER FIVE: 1965–1967
Author interviews: Eric Andersen, Roy Blumenfeld, David Bromberg, Peppy Castro, Judy Collins, Noam Dworman, Eric Eisner, Gary Giddins, Arthur Gorson, Arlo Guthrie, John Hammond, Erik Jacobsen, Danny Kalb, Jonathan Kalb, Lucy Brown Karwoski, Steve Katz, Lenny Kaye, Peter Kogan, Al Kooper, Barry Kornfeld, Lowell Levinger, Arthur Levy, Phillip Namanworth, Jack Prelutsky, John Sebastian, Mark Sebastian, Marc Silber, Jason Solomon, Terri Thal, Happy Traum, Jesse Colin Young.
“Blues Project Is Complete Band.” Times Tribune Sun (Scranton, PA), June 18, 1967.
Glover, Bob. “‘Teeny Boppers’ Invade the Village.” Daily Register, October 11, 1966.
Larratt, Pamela. “Folk-Rock Sounds at Bushnell.” Hartford Courant, October 28, 1966.
Larson, John. “Wild New ‘Blues Project’ Plays Electronic Folk-Rock.” Daily Sun (San Bernardino, CA), July 9, 1966.
Lax, Eric. “Why Do Young People Love ‘Lemmings’?” New York Times, May 27, 1973.
Lloyd, Jack. “‘Lemmings’ Is a Put Down That Only Youth Can Serve.” Philadelphia Inquirer, November 4, 1973.
Marra, Joe. “The Desperate Days of the Lovin’ Spoonful.” Sixteen, December 1965.
McCurdy, Glen A. “The Making of a Folk-Rock Legend 1967.” Chicago Tribune, May 14, 1967.
Nachman, Gerald. “Close Up: Folk Singer.” New York Post, June 17, 1965.
O’Neill, Edward. “City Will Pack in Cabaret Cards.” New York Daily News, August 9, 1967.
Scott, Vernon. “Being Alive, Young and ‘With It.’” United Press International, July 25, 1967.
Shelton, Robert. “Phil Ochs Returns with Own Songs.” New York Times, November 25, 1966.
“A Symposium: Is Folk Rock Really ‘White Rock?’” New York Times, February 20, 1966.
“Tyrone Youths.” Tyrone (PA) Daily Herald, June 16, 1973.
Von Hoffman, Nicholas. “The Exodus from the Village.” Chicago Daily News, February 21, 1966.
Wilson, John S. “The Two Faces of Nina Simone.” New York Times, December 31, 1967.
CHAPTER SIX: 1968–1975
Author interviews: Peter Aaron, Bruce Alterman, Eric Andersen, Scott Barretta, John Berenzy, Roy Blumenfeld, David Bromberg, Denny Brown, Chevy Chase, Sharon D’Lugoff, Erik Frandsen, Debbie Goodman, Arthur Gorson, Christopher Guest, Kristian Hoffman, David Hood, Janis Ian, David Johansen, Danny Kalb, Lenny Kaye, Carol Klenfner, Rod MacDonald, Phillip Namanworth, Sonny Ochs, Allan Pepper, Binky Philips, Ron Radosh, Susan Martin Robbins, Suzzy Roche, Terre Roche, Arlen Roth, Paul Samwell-Smith, Marc Silber, Jason Solomon, Rob Stoner, Michael Tannen, Terri Thal, Catherine Todd, Happy Traum, Jane Traum, Loudon Wainwright III.
“All That Jazz.” New York Daily News, October 29, 1971.
Bottel, Helen. “Your Port in a Storm: Helen Help Us!” Daily Item (Sunbury, PA), August 31, 1968.
Braudy, Susan. “James Taylor, a New Troubadour.” New York Times, February 21, 1971.
Burnham, David. “A Wide Disparity Is Found in Crime Throughout City.” New York Times, February 14, 1972.
Campbell, Mary. “Blues Project Together Again for Three Concerts.” Associated Press, July 12, 1973.
Canby, Vincent. “Talent Scouts for College Cafes Are Convened at the Bitter End.” New York Times, June 25, 1968.
Carmody, Deirdre. “Woman, 28, Slain in the ‘Village.’” New York Times, August 9, 1973.
Corwin, R. David, Jerome Krase, and Paula Hudis. “Greenwich Village: Statistical Trends and Observations.” New York University, October 1969.
Elwood, Philip. “Rollicking ‘Wonders’ Back Again.” San Francisco Chronicle, May 28, 1971.
Feather, Leonard. “Situation in New York Depicts Struggle of Jazz in Club Scene.” Los Angeles Times, June 23, 1968.
Fields, Sidney. “Young-Old Mind of Janis Ian Bridges Communication Gap.” Buffalo Evening News, December 1, 1967.
“Folk Singers to Perform Monday at Student Center.” Daily Advertiser (Fayette, LA), October 31, 1970.
Gillin, Beth. “Van Ronk Gone Wrong?” Courier-Post (Camden, NJ), April 13, 1968.
Greenhouse, Linda. “At the Precincts: Asking for Blood and Decrying It.” New York Times, August 26, 1973.
“Hotel Collapse Forces Relocation of Four Plays.” New York Times, August 9, 1973.
“Irate Village Demands City Move Addicts.” New York Daily News, April 11, 1971.
Jahn, Mike. “Lament for the Village.” Baltimore Sun, January 21, 1973.
Johnson, Pete. “Len Chandler—Man Who Makes the News Musical.” Los Angeles Times, November 3, 1968.
Kahn, Joseph. “Hotel Wall Blamed in Collapse.” New York Post, October 5, 1973.
Kifner, John. “Cafe Figaro Shuts Doors in ‘Village.’” New York Times, January 1, 1969.
Lee, Vincent, Philip McCarthy, Robert Crane, and John Murphy. “Old Village Hotel Collapses.” New York Daily News, August 4, 1973.
Leogrande, Ernest. “The Cream Cheese Incident.” New York Daily News, November 1, 1975.
Leogrande, Ernest. “The $155-an-Hour Ego Trip.” New York Daily News, September 4, 1970.
Leogrande, Ernest. “New Beginning for End.” New York Daily News, May 24, 1975.
“Letter to the Editor: Jude Roche.” Sunday Record Call (Hackensack, NJ), June 1, 1969.
Lloyd, Jack. “Pure Folk Music Is Alive at the Lair.” Philadelphia Inquirer, December 14, 1974.
Marsh, Dave. “Bottom Line Ascending as Max’s Tries to Hang On.” Newsday, September 16, 1974.
“Mercer Arts Center Is Undamaged, Mostly.” New York Times, August 4, 1973.
Mills, Josh. “Keeping on Top at the Bottom Line.” New York Daily News, February 9, 1975.
Montgomery, Paul L. “Hotel Had Been Fined Before Collapse.” New York Times, August 5, 1973.
O’Haire, Patricia. “Dylan Misses Big-30 Bash.” New York Daily News, May 24, 1971.
“Panhandlers Stalk Streets and Shops in the Village.” Buffalo Evening News, August 30, 1968.
Parker, Jerry. “Clubs: Birthday Jam.” Newsday, May 16, 1972.
Phillips, McCandlish. “Mercer Stages Are a Supermarket.” New York Times, November 2, 1971.
“Rock & Roll Offed at Cafe Au Go Go.” Rolling Stone, December 27, 1969.
Rockwell, John. “Music Clubs Resist Perils of Overkill.” New York Times, August 4, 1974.
Rockwell, John. “The Pop Life.” New York Times, August 2, 1974.
Rudis, Al. “Loudon Wainwright III—Fabulous Songs and Unique Style.” Chicago Sun-Times, November 29, 1970.
Schumach, Murray. “Broadway Central Hotel Collapses.” New York Times, August 4, 1973.
Seligsohn, Leo. “They’re Putting It to the Rock Generation.” Newsday, September 6, 1973.
Shepard, Richard F. “Janis Ian, 16, Sings Well for Her Age.” New York Times, August 7, 1967.
Stone, Marilyn M. “Songs Are Because of Things That Happen to You.” Poughkeepsie (NY) Journal, August 23, 1970.
Truscott IV, Lucian K. “Bob Dylan: Freewheelin’ Through the Village.” Rolling Stone, August 28, 1975.
Truscott IV, Lucian K. “Gay Power Comes to Sheridan Square.” Village Voice, July 3, 1969.
Walker, Gerald. “The Rock Road Leads to the Bottom Line.” New York Times, May 4, 1975.
Watt, Douglas. “‘Lemmings’ Is a Wow at the Village Gate.” New York Daily News, January 27, 1973.
Whitbread, Jane. “Runaways.” Look, July 25, 1967.
CHAPTER SEVEN: 1976–1980
Author interviews: Lili Añel, John Berenzy, Mort Cooperman, Peter Cunningham, Peggy Duncan-Garner, Steve Forbert, Robert Fripp, Kate Greenfield, Michael Hill, Robin Hirsch, Phil Hurtt, Lucy Kaplansky, Joe Lauro, Maria Kenny, D. C. LaRue, Christine Lavin, Rod MacDonald, Carolyne Mas, David Massengill, Ira Mayer, Paul Mills, Willie Nile, Allan Pepper, Roger Probert, Ron Radosh, Suzzy Roche, Terre Roche, John Rockwell, Brian Rose, Bridget St. John, Cristy St. John, Larry Sloman, Michael Tannen, Loudon Wainwright III, Elijah Wald, Lucinda Williams, Robbie Woliver.
Brady, Shaun. “Sex, Drugs and Jazz.” Jazz Times, July-August, 2016.
Cruickshank, Ken. “Ex-Student Editor Wins New Trial in Libel Case.” Hartford Courant, September 28, 1973.
Emerson, Ken. “The Village People: America’s Male Ideal?” Rolling Stone, October 5, 1978.
Finkelstein, Mel. “The Monster of Fifth Avenue.” New York Daily News, October 14, 1979.
King, Bill. “Carolyne Mas Part of New Village Wave?” Atlanta Constitution, October 12, 1979.
Lawson, Terry. “Dave Van Ronk: ‘I’m Bored’ by Most of What Passes as Pop Music These Days.” Journal Herald (Dayton, OH), July 22, 1978.
Lee, Vincent, and Harry Stathos. “Nab 10 in Village Attack; Say It Was over Pot.” New York Daily News, September 11, 1976.
McGavin, Jack. “As a Folksinger, Dave Van Ronk Has Been Around.” Morning Call (Allentown, PA), November 2, 1978.
Meier, Andrew. “‘The Only People They Hit Were Black’: When a Race Riot Roiled New York.” New York Times, December 10, 2022.
Musto, Michael. “Village People Go Macho.” New York Times, June 15, 1979.
“Neighborhood Changes in New York City During the 1970s: Are the ‘Gentry’ Returning?” Federal Reserve Bank of New York Quarterly Review, Winter, 1983-1984.
Nelsen, Don. “Horn of Plenty—Jazz in New York.” New York Daily News, November 4, 1977.
Nelsen, Don. “Variety Is Name of Game at Brecker Bros. Place.” New York Daily News, March 1, 1979.
“Nixon Cartoon in Student Paper Brings Three Arrests.” United Press International, November 23, 1968.
Palmer, Robert. “Willie Nile Sings Rock and Folk.” New York Times, July 29, 1978.
Peck, Abe. “The Village People—The Cartoon That Conquered the World.” Rolling Stone, April 19, 1979.
Rockwell, John. “After Politics, There’s Rock, Disco or Pop Clubs to Visit.” New York Times, August 8, 1980.
Rockwell, John. “‘Cornelia Street’ Evokes Mood of Folk-Music Scene.” New York Times, July 3, 1980.
Rockwell, John. “Folk Music Is Back with a Twang.” New York Times, April 30, 1978.
Rockwell, John. “Roche Sisters Are Now a Trio.” New York Times, March 21, 1978.
Rockwell, John. “The Roches—A Highly Promising Folk Trio.” New York Times, April 1, 1979.
Rockwell, John. “Steve Forbert, New Folk Singer.” New York Times, December 3, 1977.
Rockwell, John. “The Three Roches.” New York Times, May 17, 1979.
Tomasson, Robert E. “Man, 22, Dies of Injuries Suffered in Washington Square Gang Rampage.” New York Times, September 14, 1976.
Treaster, Joseph B. “White Youths Attack Blacks in Washington Square.” New York Times, September 9, 1976.
Zapol, Liza. “Oral History Interview: Maria Kenny.” Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, South Village, 2015.
CHAPTER EIGHT: 1981–1986
Author interviews: Steve Addabbo, Eric Andersen, Danny Bensusan, Steven Bensusan, Shawn Colvin, James Cromwell, Mark Dann, Dennis Diken, Donna Diken, Ron Fierstein, Erik Frandsen, Michael Hill, Nancy Jeffries, Lucy Kaplansky, Joe Lauro, Christine Lavin, Rod MacDonald, Carolyne Mas, David Massengill, Paul Mills, Angela Page, Allan Pepper, Suzzy Roche, Terre Roche, Brian Rose, Jay Rosen, Suzanne Vega, Vincent T. Vok, Andrea Vuocolo, Robbie Woliver.
Carlton, Bill. “Dylan Sound-Alikes to Sing.” New York Daily News, July 19, 1982.
“Folk City Ends 25-Year West Village Stand.” New York Times, March 28, 1986.
Gaiter, Dorothy J. “A Tame Trip to the ‘Village.’” New York Times, May 26, 1982.
Hinckley, David. “Folk Music Finds Outlet.” New York Daily News, March 14, 1984.
McLaughlin, Jeff. “Trying to Make a Go at It.” Boston Globe, March 4, 1985.
Siskel, Gene. “Most Frightening Horror of ‘I Spit on Your Grave’ Is Its Mainstream America Audience.” Chicago Tribune, July 14, 1980.
Stokes, Geoffrey. “Just Like a Dylan.” Village Voice, August 3, 1982.
“Students to Visit Village Despite ‘Raw Lifestyles’ Fears.” Post-Star (Glen Falls, NY), May 22, 1982.
Vega, Suzanne. “The Songwriters Exchange.” CooP: The Fast Folk Musical Magazine, March, 1982.
Weiss, Murray. “Won’t Tighten Security at Dancin’ Ron’s Building.” New York Daily News, February 23, 1981.
Wilson, Earl. “It Happened Last Night.” Syndicated, December 24, 1980.
White, Joyce. “The Village Cop.” New York Daily News, September 23, 1982.
EPILOGUE: 2002–2004
Author interviews: Lili Añel, Shawn Colvin, Mort Cooperman, Sharon D’Lugoff, Kate Greenfield, Mitch Greenhill, Christine Lavin, David Massengill, Terre Roche, Eve Silber, Suzanne Vega, Andrea Vuocolo.
Anderson, John. “Success—From a Distance.” Newsday, December 2, 1990.
Bowles, Pete, and Rafer Guzmán. “Bottom Line: It’s Over.” New York Daily News, January 24, 2004.
Breslin, Jimmy. “Imperiled Village Gate Opened Way to Genius.” Newsday, June 1, 1983.
McShane, Larry. “Famous N.Y. Club Falls to Bottom Line.” Associated Press, September 20, 2003.
Singleton, Don. “Owner Asks Stars to Save Bitter End.” New York Daily News, May 17, 1992.
ARCHIVES AND COLLECTIONS
Cafe Society and Five Spot memorabilia, Ivan Black Collection (JPB 06-20), New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.
Back issues of Caravan, Gardyloo, and Chooog 2-5, the Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.
David Hajdu, interviews with Mary Travers and Sam Charters, 1997–1998.
Newbold Morris memos, March 1961; Department of Parks memo, March 19, 1961; Borough President memo, March 19, 1961; letter to Israel (Izzy) Young, March 28, 1961; letter from Executive Officer, April 3, 1961; letters to Morris, April 13 and April 14, 1961; letter to Wagner from Socialist Workers Party, May 6, 1961; letters from Morris, April 24, May 10, May 11, May 16, and May 23, 1961; letter to Theodore Bikel, June 15, 1961; New York City Department of Parks General Files, Manhattan, Washington Square Park, NYC Municipal Archives.
“Suze Rotolo.” FBI file for Suze Rotolo, document 100-HQ-435482.
“Robert Shelton Folk Rock Feud,” “Izzy Young/the Bronx,” “Folklore Center Ca. 1958,” Richard A. Reuss papers, Collection C6, Indiana University Archives, Bloomington, Indiana.
“Dave Van Ronk.” FBI file for Dave Van Ronk, documents 100-440146, 100-136446, courtesy Aaron J. Leonard.
Elijah Wald, interviews with Sam Hood, Hugh Romney (Wavy Gravy), and Len Chandler (some conducted with Dave Van Ronk), in the Elijah Wald Collection #20522, Southern Folklife Collection, Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Israel (Izzy) Young interview conducted by Richard A. Reuss, transcript, in the Ronald D. Cohen Collection #20239, Southern Folklife Collection, Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Israel (Izzy) Young, Washington Square Park “beatnik riot” scrapbook, compiled and organized by Mitch Blank. Izzy Young collection (AFC 2015/040), box 23, Library of Congress, American Folklife Center.
VIDEOS AND AUDIO
Randy Brecker interview, “Seventh Avenue South and the Loft Scene,” Facebook.
Kevin Burke, Your Hometown podcast, Museum of the City of New York, episode 11, “Suzanne Vega—East Harlem and the Upper West Side, Manhattan,” 2021.
Art D’Lugoff interviews (parts 1A to 1G), 2020, Rafi DL channel, YouTube.
John Gilliland, “Pop Chronicles Interviews #40—José Feliciano,” audio recording, 1969, University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital and UNT Music Library.
Elijah Wald, “Old Friends: A Songobiography,” www.elijahwald.com/songblog.