Grateful acknowledgment is made to David Antin, Clark Coolidge, Eugen Gomringer, Ana Hatherly, Maurice Lemaitre (through the Bismuth-Lemaitre Foundation), Jackson Mac Low, Karen Mac Cormack, Maggie O’Sullivan, Joan Retallack, Sonia Sanchez, and Rosmarie Waldrop for permission to reproduce their work. Thanks also to Georges Borchardt, Inc., for permission to quote from W. S. Merwin; to New Directions Publishing Corporation for permission to quote from Denise Levertov, Susan Howe, and Gary Snyder; to the University of California Press for permission to quote from Robert Creeley; and to Wesleyan University Press for permission to quote from Joan Retallack.