Naval Institute Press

291 Wood Road

Annapolis, MD 21402

© 2007 by Edward S. Miller

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Miller, Edward S.

Bankrupting the enemy : the U.S. financial siege of Japan before Pearl Harbor / Edward S. Miller.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-61251-118-4

1. Economic sanctions, American—Japan—History—20th century. 2. United States—Foreign economic relations—Japan. 3. Japan—Foreign economic relations—United States. 4. Japan—Economic conditions—1918-1945. I. Title.

HF1602.15.U6M55 2007

940.53'113—dc22

2007016455

14 13 12 11 10 09 08 079 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

First printing

Front endleaf: Japan’s Foreign Trade, 1939. File 502-300, Japan Exports, Office of Naval Intelligence, Monograph Files, Japan 1939–46, Box 48, RG 38, NA. Back endleaf: Application for Export License, front and back. Office of Alien Property Custodian, 6th File, MLR Entry 216, Box 122, Yokohama Specie Bank General Banking Records, 1920–1941, RG131, NA.