Index

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Abelard, Peter, philosopher 11, 16

Sic et Non 11

accounts/accounting 6, 14, 83, 85, 127, 132, 137–8, 191–4

Acre, fall of 58, 221

siege of 1188–91 236–7, 243, 253, 271–3

Adalbert V, count of La Marche 210

Adam of Ebrach, abbot 81

Adam, William, crusade advocate 292

Adela, countess of Blois 22, 74, 75

Adelard of Bath, scholar 16–17

Adhemar, bishop of Le Puy 25, 32, 66, 163, 231, 247

Ad Liberandam, crusade decree 48, 79, 93, 216

Adrian V, pope 110–11

affection 157–8

Aigues Mortes 147, 171, 244, 281

Aimery of Lusignan, king of Jerusalem 141–2

Alan of Lille, preacher 100, 175–6

Alberigo of Romano, of Treviso 111

Albert of Aachen, chronicler 42, 79, 161, 182, 232, 261, 278

Albert of Buxhövden, bishop of Riga 50, 73, 163, 240

Albert the Great, scholar and preacher 25, 73, 97, 106

Alcazar, capture of 1217 251, 259

alchemy 16, 17

Alexander the Great 25

Alexander III, pope 36, 79

Alexander IV, pope 53

Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor 32–3, 186, 232

Alfonso VI, king of Castile 31

Alfonso IX, king of Leon 54

Alphonse, count of Poitiers 156, 185, 201–2, 222, 224–5, 259

Amalric, king of Jerusalem 2, 23, 24

Ambroise, verse chronicler 42–3, 81, 182

Andrew, king of Hungary 199, 241

Anna Comnena, writer 166

Anselm of Bovisio, archbishop of Milan 66, 109

Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury 1l, 21

Proslogion 11

Anselm II, bishop of Lucca 39

Anselm of Ribemont, crusader 21 75, 76, 186

Antioch 12, 58, 127

Aquinas, Thomas, philosopher 2, 10–11, 37

architects 15, 16, 257

archives 5–7, 14

Aristotle 10–11, 25, 70, 73, 97

armies, size of 131, 135–6, 147, 196–7, 198, 242, 243, 263, 265

arms/armour 256, 263

Arnulf, bishop of Lisieux 67, 187–8

assemblies 64–6, 81, 85–6, 93, 96–8, 99–104, 142, 231–2, 234–5, 239–41, 241

astrology 16–17

Athir, ibn al-, chronicler 109, 110, 117

Audita Tremendi, crusade bull 39, 52, 114–15, 118, 139, 218

Augustine of Hippo, theologian 39

Bacon, Roger, polymath and polemicist 56, 285

Baha al-Din ibn Shaddad, writer and judge 109, 117

Baldric of Bourgueil, writer 19, 46, 140

Baldwin I, of Boulogne, king of Jerusalem 19, 148, 168, 187, 254, 274, 278

Baldwin III, king of Jerusalem 23, 24

Baldwin IV, king of Jerusalem 24

Baldwin IX, count of Flanders 93, 156, 189–90, 194, 198, 2, 22, 238–9, 240

Baldwin of Forde, archbishop of Canterbury 17–18, 67, 68, 81, 83, 88, 89, 96–7, 102, 105, 106, 112, 116–17, 118–23, 162, 189, 236, 250

De commendatione fidei 17

bankers 211–13

Bartholomew, Peter, visionary 12–13

Basset, Philip, crusader 156

Bayeux Tapestry 7, 256–7, 260, 264, 267

Beauchamp, Hugh, crusade hero 92

Bechada, Gregory, knight and author 21, 80

Becket, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury 153, 165

banner of 189

hospital dedicated to at Acre 153, 253, 271–2

Béla IV, king of Hungary 291

Benedictines, order of 72, 77

Benzo of Alba, bishop and imperialist 134

Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux 20, 25, 35, 38–9, 39–40, 41, 48, 64, 66–7, 80–81, 87, 93, 94, 96, 97, 104, 107, 108, 111, 112, 115–16, 122, 138, 140, 234, 286

Berthier of Orleans, civil servant and poet 115

Bigod, Ilger, crusader 21, 144

Bohemund, prince of Taranto and Antioch 18–19, 21, 42, 73–4, 77, 105, 110, 127, 141, 147, 148, 151, 152, 156, 156, 191

his compotus 14, 83, 127, 193

Boniface, marquis of Montferrat 239

booty 140–41, 143, 145–8, 150, 166, 186, 196, 209, 234, 247, 248, 251

Bremen 153, 169–70, 233, 253, 271, 278

Brevis ordinacio de predicatione s. crucis in Angliae 91–2, 100, 105, 106, 109, 121

Brewer, William, civil servant 212, 215

Brewer, William, bishop of Exeter 212, 215

Brian FitzCount, baron 41

budgets 182–5, 188, 193–5, 200, 201, 202–3, 226–7

Bund, Hugh, murderer 274

Burchard of Mt Sion, Dominican pilgrim and missionary 280, 282

Byzantium, help for and from 29, 32, 32–3, 232, 287–9

Caesarius, prior of Heisterbach 15, 82

Caffaro, Genoese grandee and writer 153, 279

canon law 35–7

Canso d’Antioca 41–2, 46

carpenters 15, 159, 256, 257, 258, 264, 270

Jesus Christ as 16, 270

castles, prefabricated 3, 188, 244, 273

Catalan Company 194

Celestine III, pope 54, 215

Chanson d’Antioche 38, 91

Charlemagne, emperor 5, 25, 40, 275

Charles count of Anjou, king of Sicily 288

Charles the Good, count of Flanders 134

Charles, count of Valois 185, 195

Châteaudun, crusaders from 160, 170

chivalry 40–45, 133, 264

civilizations, clash of 284–6

Cistercians, order of 17, 65, 67, 72, 77, 94, 56 117, 239, 240

Clement, saint, head of 13–14, 23

Clement III, pope 215, 267

Clement III, anti-pope 33

Clement VI, pope 89–90

Clermont, council of 29–30, 32, 41, 48–9, 47, 64, 75, 94, 97, 109, 152, 284

crusade decree of 139

coins/coinage 131–2, 136, 182, 186, 188, 190, 191, 195, 211–13

Cologne 82, 96, 148, 163, 194, 233, 248

colonization 149, 172, 233, 244, 266, 290

common funds 208, 216–18, 224–7, 243

communes/communal identity 148, 153, 166, 167–70, 194, 233, 247–8, 269

communications, speed of 236

Conon of Béthune, Picard noble and poet 43–4, 115

Conrad III, king of Germany 41, 64, 111, 142, 144, 146, 175, 185, 202, 276

Constantine the Great, emperor 40

Constantinople, sack of 1204 140, 145, 239–40, 251, 270, 287

contracts 84–5, 92, 127–9, 137, 143–5, I47, 148, 155–8, 184–5, !86, 191, 193, 196, 202, 211, 244, 261, 265–67, 268

co-ordination 231–44

costs 171, 181–203, 269

credit 3, 156, 186, 187–8, 194, 197, 202, 204, 206, 211–13

cross, taking the 30, 34, 35, 47, 48–9, 50, 64–5, 65, 74, 78, 84, 85, 86, 89, 90–92, 93–123, 142, 152–3, 164, 166, 213–18, 223, 231, 240, 241, 249

crusaders

advice for 277–8, 282–3, 290

artisans as 159–61, 204, 252, 256, 258

clergy as 161–3 and passim

criminals as 164–5

clergy who fought as 163

forced 128, 129, 164–5, 200

geographical knowledge of 274–92

households of 151–8, 161, 185–6, 187

parliaments of 170

privileges of 30, 33, 48–54, 56, 65, 71, 84, 84, 94, 99–100, 138–40, 150, 158–9, 162, 164, 175, 183, 193, 204–7, 234, 241–2, 245–7, 249

protection of property of 245–7

social status of 150–77

youths as 161

well-being and security of 245–55

Crusades

Albigensian 36, 47, 49, 53, 69, 71, 82, 84, 113, 129, 146, 162, 170, 173, 184–5, 220, 224, 240, 242, 272

in the Baltic 35, 39, 46, 50, 54–5, 72, 146, 153, 224, 225–6, 233, 240, 285–6

Children’s 34, 69, 103, 172, 174, 176

against Christians 53, 54, 56–7, 69, 72, 99, 102, 111, 216, 220, 224, 225, 242

against crusaders 63

critics/criticism of 56, 61–3, 68–9, 88, 99–100, 102, 107, 217, 220, 225, 242

of Edward of England 65, 156, 185, 202

excuses for 29–45, 51–3, 54, 55

Fifth 15–16, 43, 49, 5 2, 69–71, 71, 78–9, 81–2, 84, 93–5, 103–4, 150, 160, 163, 172, 182, 183, 190, 199, 201, 213, 222, 224, 240–42, 250–5I, 259, 260, 290

First 12, 14, 15, 18–19, 21, 25, 32, 33–8, 40–41, 41–2, 44, 63–4, 66, 76–7, 78, 93–4, 101, 107, 130, 139–40, 141, 143, 145–6, 147, 148, 150, 151, 153, 156, 160, 161, I67, 168–9, 170, 173 174, 175, 182, 183, 185–7, 191–2 196–7, 208, 2I4, 23I-3, 247, 259, 260, 261, 264–5, 272, 274–5, 286–7

Fourth 13, 23, 42, 43, 44, 46–7, 49, 57–8, 65, 68–9, 81–2, 93, 94, 107, 129, 132, 145, 146, 149, 153, 154–5, 168, 169, 175, 182, 183, 184, 185, 189–90, 215–16, 239–40, 259, 267, 273, 287–8

of Frederick II 53, 72, 135–6, 183, 290

German of 1195–8 51, 135, 136, 183, 189, 200, 261, 288

against Greeks 53, 72, 146, 225, 242, 288

of Hospitallers 34, 176

of Louis IX 34, 43, 53–4, 58, 127, 144–5, 147, 149, 153, 156, 163, 172, 176, 182, 185, 190, 195, 201, 217, 227, 243–4, 259, 266, 290, 291

of Norwegians 1110 260

popular (Shepherds’ etc.) 104, 172, 176, 225

Second 22, 38, 41, 42, 57–8, 59, 64, 66–7, 78, 80–81, 93, 105, 132, 144, 146, 148, 152, 153, 162, 169–70, 175, 175, 182, 185, 187–8, 197, 214, 233–4, 245, 247–8, 251, 259, 262, 264–5, 287

in Spain 33, 53, 54, 69, 72, 80, 146, 242

Third 3, 18, 23, 38, 42–3, 44, 45, 49, 51–3, 55, 62, 64–5, 67–8, 78, 81, 83, 94, 107, 114–23, 136, 146, 151–2, 153–4, 156, 160, 162, 163, 170, 170, 182, 185, 188–9, 214–15, 234–8, 243–4, 248–50, 251, 253, 259, 262–3, 267, 271–3, 287; costs of 197–9

Venetian of 1122–5 x47–8, 265

of 1101 129, 148, 214, 232–3, 286–9

of 1239–41 153, 217, 242–3

Dalmas of Sercy 13, 23

Damietta 15–16, 78, 150, 163, 166, 202, 213, 242, 243, 252, 266, 270

Dartmouth 83, 166, 169, 233, 234, 2–37, 247, 251, 265

De Diversis Artibus 15

Denmark 42, 74, 118

disciplinary ordinances 169, 237, 254–8

Domesday Book 6, 76, 193

Dominic Guzman, preacher 71

Dominicans, order of 71–2, 73–4, 216, 243

Donation of Constantine 37

Dubois, Peter, lawyer and propagandist 226, 290 his Recovery of the Holy Land 290

economic warfare/blockades 258, 261, 283, 290

Edward I, king of England 65, 172, 202, 203, 205, 210, 212, 227

Edward III, king of England 3, 142

Egypt as goal of crusade 51, 172, 181, 195, 201, 239, 241, 242, 268, 283, 288–90, 292

Ekkehard of Aura 46

Eleanor of Aquitaine, queen of France and England 74–5, 166

Eleanor of Montfort, crusader 164

engineers 15–16, 160, 186, 257–8, 264, 272–3

Erard de Valéry, crusade pundit 283, 292

Erastosthenes, calculation of the Earth’s circumference of 2, 276

Esbern, Danish lord 42, 74, 105

Eugenius III, pope 39, 41, 42, 47, 48, 67, 78, 79, 207, 234, 247

Eustace, abbot of St Germer de Fly 68

Excalibur, sword 244

Exchequer, the English royal 14, 193

fatalities, rates of 254

Ferrybridge, Yorks. 153

Fidenzio of Padua, crusade advocate 281

finance 3, 127–49, 151, 155–77, 181–227, 234, 243 and passim

FitzOsbert, William, Londoner 153

fleets 156, 157, 169–70, 183, 185, 189, 190, 194, 198–202, 231, 233, 234, 237–8, 240, 244, 257, 260, 263, 265–6, 266–72

Florence 153, 170

food and drink 256, 258–64

Francis of Assisi, holy man 20, 59, 71, 175

Franciscans, order of 70, 71, 72–4, 216, 243

Frederick I Barbarossa king of Germany, emperor 21, 23, 64, 78, 83, 93, 114, 115, 118, 119, 136, 146, 152, 154, 169, 182, 183, 185, 193–4, 219, 235, 236, 236, 237, 248, 251, 252, 259, 265, 277, 287

Frederick II, king of Germany, emperor 37, 53, 56, 57, 72, 135–6, 152, 156, 201, 212, 213, 219, 222, 241, 288, 290

Frederick, duke of Swabia 154

Frisia, preaching in, 1214 82, 84, 87, 88, 94–5, 96, 98, 112, 151, 153

Fulcher of Chartres 45–6, 48, 78, 192, 265, 275, 278, 285

Fulk IV, count of Anjou 23

Fulk V, count of Anjou, king of Jerusalem 23, 41

Fulk of Neuilly, preacher 65, 68–9, 87, 99, 189

Fulk, bishop of Toulouse 170

Galen, Greek physician 14

Galvano of Levanto, crusade advocate 281

Gaston IV of Béarn, engineer 258, 272

Genoa, Genoese 46, 71, 88, 96, 101, 147–8b n, 153, 166, 194, 210, 231, 238, 244, 266–7, 270 1190 crusade contract of 135, 147, 183, 184, 238, 260, 261, 262, 265–6, 270

Geoffrey le Bel, count of Anjou 23–4, 257–8

Geoffrey, archbishop of York 24

Geoffrey Gaimar, verse chronicler 42

Geoffrey the Goldsmith, crusader 153, 2.13

Geoffrey of Villehardouin, chronicler 4, 23, 43, 49, 80, 82, 192, 239, 239–40, 273

Gerald of Wales, writer 17–18, 25, 83, 87, 88, 96, 102, 104, 106, 114, 118–23, 189, 193

Itinerarium Cambriae 120–23

Gervase, abbot of Prémontré 71

Gesta Francorum, the 45, 77

Gilbert of Tournai, preacher 99, 217, 225

Glanvill, Hervey, crusader 42, 175

Glanvill, Ranulf, civil servant and crusader 23, 80, 120, 192, 208–9, 215, 236

Godfrey of Bouillon, crusader 42, 76, 132, 134, 143, 151, 157, 168, 182, 186, 187, 196, 212–13, 232, 252, 262

Godfrey, bishop of Langres 67

gold 135, 136, 146, 196, 198, 199, 201, 209, 213

Gouffier of Lastours, crusader 140–41

Gratian of Bologna Decretum 35–6, 3 9

Gregory VII, pope 32, 33, 40

Gregory VIII, pope 39, 52, 74, 114, 118, 218

Gregory IX, pope (previously Cardinal Ugolino) 53, 56, 70, 71, 72, 82, 96, 172, 216–17, 218, 219, 224, 225, 242

his bull Rachel suum videns 216

Gregory X, pope 99, 217, 242, 277, 283

Guibert of Nogent, writer 13, 112, 139, 173–8

Guido of San Grisogono, cardinal 67

Guillaume de Nogaret, civil servant 5

Guillelma de la Lande, crusader 167

her social, Barnarda 167

Gunther of Pairis, writer 47

Guy of Lusignan, king of Jerusalem 52, 141, 236

Guy of Bazoches, cantor and crusader 236, 236, 277

Guy V, count of Forez 157, 268

Guy of Vigevano, medical doctor 255

his Texaurus Regis Franciae 255

Harold II, king of England 7

harvests and crusade timing 259

Hastings, battle of 7, 256

Hattin, battle of 51, 51, 118

Henry I, king of England 22, 141, 210, 258

Henry II, king of England 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 65, 115–16, 118, 119, 120, 136–7, 142, 152, 183, 208, 210, 211, 212, 236, 249

Assize of Arms of 172

Cartae Baronum of 136–7

Henry III, king of England 53, 73, 93, 107, 213, 246

Henry IV, king of Germany, emperor 32, 33, 134

Henry VI, king of Germany, emperor 135, 136, 144, 152, 183, 194, 200, 213, 261, 288

Henry, count of Champagne, ruler of Jerusalem 155, 198, 236, 237, 273

Henry of Huntingdon, chronicler 175

Henry of Livonia 36, 38, 55, 192

Henry of Marcy, cardinal of Albano 39, 67, 106, 114–18, 121, 122

De peregrinante civitate Dei 116–18

Henry, bishop of Strasburg 67

Heraclius, patriarch of Jerusalem no, 147

Hersende, Louis IX’s female physician 167, 252

Hetoum of Gorigos 7, 34, 181, 190, 291–2

Hildegard of Bingen, abbess 74

Holy Lance 12–13

Holy Sepulchre 1, 25

Honorius III, pope 87, 99, 220

horses 257, 259, 260, 261, 263, 264–6

horseshoes 263, 265

Hospitallers, order of St John 68, 163–4, 188, 198, 211–12, 2–53-4

Hostiensis (Henry of Segusio), canonist 37, 102

Hubert, Master, crusade recruiter 84

Hugh, abbot of Cluny 20

Hugh, archbishop of Die 66

Hugh of Neville, crusader 15 7–8, 161, 212

Hugh of Payens, Templar 74

Hugh, count of St Pol 42, 129, 239

Hugh of Toucy, crusade deserter 206

Hugh, count of Vermandois 134, 187, 193

Huguccio of Pisa, canonist 36

Humbert of Romans, preacher 5 6, 66, 68, 73, 74, 89–91, 102, 106, 181, 190, 225

De praedicatione s. Crucis 90–91, 109

Hume, David, philosopher 2

Ibn Jubayr, Analusian hajji 279

Ida, duchess of Austria, crusader 166

Idrisi, al-, geographer 279

Imre, king of Hungary 65

Innocent III, pope 25, 36, 38, 39, 48, 49, 52, 53, 55, 72–4, 74, 79, 87, 101–2, 103–4, 105, 107, 110, 127, 149, 159, 166, 171–6, 183, 189, 193, 200, 211, 215–16, 218–19, 123, 240–41, 243, 246, 277

Innocent IV, pope 36, 56–7, 217, 246

interpreters 105, 110–11, 122

Ipswich, crusaders from 153, 161, 194, 2–33

Isidore of Seville, encyclopaedist 18, 279

Ivo of Grandmesnil, indebted crusader 209

James of Avesnes, crusade hero 45, 81, 92, 236

James of Vitry, preacher 52, 70, 71, 73, 78, 87, 89, 92, 96, 99, 101, 102, 105, 163, 164, 253, 269

Jerusalem, as goal of crusade 29–31, 32, 33, 34, 41, 51–2, 129, 282, 284–5, 2–86, 292 and passim

Jews 16, 34, 59, 103, 132, 161, 199, 206, 208–9, 211, 222, 225, 243

Joachim of Fiore, prophet 53

John, king of England 24, 80, 200, 203, 241

John XXII, pope 221, 282

John of Joinville 4, 43, 44, 80, 144–5, 182, 194, 239, 252, 253, 254, 266

John of Neville, crusader 156

John of Salisbury, Policraticus 133

John of Xanten, preacher 94, 96, 98, 108

Joscius, archbishop of Tyre 67, 110

Julius Caesar 25

Koran, the, knowledge of 91

Knot, Order of, statutes for 257

Las Novas de Tolosa, battle of 54

Lateran, Council of the Church at the

First 1123 245

Third 1179 258

Fourth 1215 13–14, 48, 55, 69, 79, 201, 216, 221, 240–41, 258

laundresses/delousers 249

leadership, collective 130–31, 168, 169, 232–3, 239, 247

legates 66–75

Leopold V, duke of Austria 155, 157, 202, 222, 251, 271

Leopold VI, duke of Austria 241

liberal arts, the 11, 16, 19, 24, 80

Lisbon, siege of 1147 108, 161, 175, 188, 233, 234, 245, 248, 251, 264, 265, 278

literacy 5–6, 21–5, 80, 191–2

liturgy/liturgical calendar 93–6, 104–5, 107–8, 120, 175–6

logistics 182–203, 243–4, 256–73

London/Londoners 96, 153, 168, 169, 194, 198, 208, 213, 233, 253, 269

Underground map of 276

Louis VI, king of France 137

Louis VII, king of France 64, 75, 77–8, 83, 95, 137, 142, 156, 169, 175, 181, 183, 187–8, 194, 197, 202, 212, 213, 219, 222, 234, 248

Louis VIII, king of France 184

Louis IX, king of France 44, 44, 75, 93, 142, 144–5, 151, 155, 166, 167, 171, 184, 201, 202, 210, 211, 219–20, 222, 224, 225, 243–4, 261, 266, 268–9, 281, 290, 291

Louis, count of Clermont 282

Louis, landgrave of Thuringia 135–6, 157, 237

Louis, archdeacon of Toul 185–6

Lucius III, pope 79

Lyons, Council of the Church at

First 53, 64, 65, 79, 211, 221, 240, 243

Second 58, 65, 79, 217, 220, 221, 240, 283–4

magic 16–17

Magna Carta 132, 218

Malceal, Roger, civil servant 157

Mamluks, rulers of Egypt 283, 291–2

Manasses, archbishop of Rheims 76

Manfred, king of Sicily 57

Manuel I, Byzantine emperor 146

Map, Walter, writer 23

maps/cartography 91, 276–82

portolans 280–82

Mappae Clavicula 257

mappae mundi 91, 275, 280, 281

Margaret of Provence, queen of France 167

Margaret, Sicilian admiral 279

Marmoutier abbey, touting for crusaders’ business by 206

Marseilles 71, 88, 93, 96, 102, 147, 153, 166, 244, 261, 266, 267, 268, 269–70

Martin, abbot of Pairis 47, 68, 95–6, 138

Mary, Virgin, the, as crusade patron 55–6, 101

masons 15, 16, 160

medicine 14–15, 251–5

mercenaries 132–3

Merxadrus, Barzella, crusader 157

messengers/ambassadors 236, 256

military equipment 256–8, 263–73

miracles 2, 12–13, 111–12, 121

monasteries as sources of finance 206–7, 209, 210–11

Mongols, the 33, 45, 53, 53, 278, 283, 284, 291–2

Muntaner, Ramon, mercenary leader and writer 194

Muret, battle of 54

navigation 271

Newton, Isaac, alchemist 17

Nicaea, siege of 15

Nicholas IV, pope 221, 242, 277

nursing 253–4

Odo, bishop of Bayeux 255

Odo of Châtearoux, legate 45, 73, 89, 163, 181

Odo of Deuil, chronicler 78, 95, 97, 175, 182, 192, 233–4, 251, 262, 285

Oliver of Paderborn, chronicler and preacher 16, 70, 71, 73, 82, 84, 87, 88, 91, 94–5, 96, 98, 106, 163, 192, 241, 241, 257

On the existence of the coasts and form of our Mediterranean sea, Pisan nautical handbook 277, 279

Ottaviano degli Ubaldini, cardinal 111

Otto, bishop of Freising, writer 99

Otto of Grandson, crusader 182

Ottoman Turks 34, 294

Oxford, crusaders from 161

Paris, Matthew, chronicler 72, 112, 163, 164, 217, 220

and equator 276

and maps 280

Paris, university of 16, 25, 69–70

Paschal II, pope 76, 96

Pelagius, cardinal 163, 202, 213, 224

Peter II, king of Aragon 54

Peter of Blois, writer 81, 116–17, 181

Peter Capuano, cardinal 69

Peter the Hermit, preacher 19, 31, 66, 76, 85, 87, 96, 161, 174, 213, 232, 261–2, 274

Peter des Roches, bishop of Winchester 202–3, 213

Peter of Les Vaux de Cernay, chronicler 192

Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny, anti-semite 211, 285

Philip I, king of France 141

Philip II, king of France 49, 65, 93, 119, 135, 147, 148, 152, 183, 184, 189, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 213, 222, 237–8, 251, 262, 279

Philip IV, king of France 13, 65, 94, 172.

Philip V, king of France 48

Philip VI, king of France 65, 185, 195, 255, 282

Philip, bishop of Beauvais, crusader 237

Philip of Alsace, count of Flanders 41, 65, 74, 152, 210

Piacenza, council of 32, 33, 64, 75

Pipe Rolls of the Exchequer 6, 14, 76, 84, 151–2, 197–9, 263–4, 265, 267

Pisa, Pisans 46, 147, 152, 153, 160, 194, 231, 233, 264

Pitöes, Peter, bishop of Oporto 105, 107

Pocklington, Yorks. 66

poems/songs 38–9, 40–4 5, 59, 77–8, 79, 81–2, 85, 103, 109

pole-vaulting 101

poor, the, as crusaders 100–101, 104, 150, 151, 154–5, 158–9, 170–77

Pons of Balazun, crusader 21

preaching 18, 29–33, 44–5, 50, 64, 65, 66–123, 138, 172–3, 175–6, 193, 210–11, 216, 218, 225, 234, 235, 241

audience for 99–104

language of 104–7

location of 96–8

performance of 107–13

timing of 93–6, 175–6

Prester John, imagined Asiatic Christian priest-king in Asia 291

processions for the crusade 98, 103

propaganda 51, 56–9, 63–123, 192, 225

prophecy 52–3

Quadrivium 11, 16

Quantum praedecessores, crusade bull 39, 45, 48, 79, 93, 207, 247

Quia Maior, crusade bull 36, 74, 79, 80, 93, 127, 183, 215–16, 219

Radulph, demotic preacher 67, 90

Raimondo of Montemurlo, crusader 144

Ralph of Caen, biographer 20, 40, 143, 186

Ralph of Diceto, chronicler 269

rationality 9–25, 74, 275–6, 296 and passim

Raymond of Aguilers, chronicler 78, 160, 182, 191, 192

Raymond Pilet, crusader 143, 187

Raymond of Poitiers, prince of Antioch 80

Raymond IV, count of Toulouse 127, 143, 148, 156, 168, 186–7, 191, 196, 2–31

Raymond VI, count of Toulouse 127

recruitment 3, 49, 50, 83–4, 96–123, 127–77, 193, 197–8, 200, 225–6, 231–3, 241 and passim

Regensburg 81, 94, 95, 134

Reiner, bishop of St Asaph’s 119

relics 12–14, 31, 107, 140, 243

reputation 141–2 revelation 10

revenge 37–40, 109–11, 117, 121

reward, material 48–51, 127–49, 181–227 and passim

spiritual 48–51, 128, 129, 138, 139, 146, 213–18 and passim

Reynald of Châtillon, prince of Antioch, lord of Oultrejordain 52, 270

Rhodes 34

Rhys ap Gruffydd, prince of South Wales 119, 121

Richard, earl of Cornwall 15 5–6, 211, 216, 242

Richard I, king of England 3, 23, 24, 43, 44, 67–8, 80, 107, 144, 146, 148, 152, 154, 155, 156, 169, 182, 183, 185, 188–9, 194, 198–9, 203, 208–9, 211, 227, 237–8, 240, 243–4, 247, 249, 251, 253, 254, 259, 262–4, 271, 273, 289

Richard of Anstey, litigant 192–3

Richard of Devizes, chronicler 263, 267, 268

Robert, count of Meulan 192, 210

Robert, earl of Leicester 22, 192

Robert II, count of Flanders 134, 168, 187, 193, 232

Robert of Clari, chronicler 4, 23, 43, 80, 154–5, 163, 168, 175, 184, 192, 200, 239–40, 251

Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy 42, 76, 141, 144, 168, 191–2, 196, 221, 232

Robert Curzon, preacher 69, 71, 82

Robert of March, proxy crusader 212

Robert of Marsh, crusader 161

Robert of Rheims, chronicler 19, 41, 46, 78

Roger II, king of Sicily 194

Roger of Howden, civil servant and chronicler 4, 168, 182, 192, 235, 278–80

possible author of De variis mavis and Liver nautorum 279–80

Roger Vacarius, lawyer 68

Roger of Wendover, chronicler 84, 113

Rostang of Cluny, monk 13

rumour 34

Ruteboeuf, poet 44

St Victor, crusade ship’s company of 166–2, 195, 200, 269

Saladin, sultan of Cairo and Damascus 51–2, 235, 236, 236

Saladin Tithe 50, 52, 65, 83, 107, 150, 158, 164, 183, 188, 193, 205, 208, 212, 218, 219, 221, 221, 223, 224, 227, 249

Salimbene de Adam, chronicler 111

Samson, abbot of Bury St Edmund’s 105

Sanudo, Marino Torsello, crusade advocate 172, 190–91, 195, 202, 227, 261, 281–2, 290, 292

his Secreta Fidelium Crucis 282, 290, 292

seasickness 253

sermons 87–123

props used in 108–9

as theatre 110–11

service, terms of 136–7, 143–5, 155–60, 182, 185–91, 198, 237

scepticism 2, 12, 61–3, 87

shipping 266–72

additional uses for 270–872

prayers for 266

types of 267–9

Sicard of Cremona, canon lawyer 39

Sicily, Norman conquest of 31

siege engines/machines 188, 237, 244, 257–8, 271–3

throwing machines 272–3

Simon of Montfort, earl of Leicester 155–6, 164

Simon of Montfort, count of Toulouse 53, 54, 146, 240

Simon, archbishop of Tyre 71

sins, remission of 29, 30, 48–9, 99, 103, 111 and passim

Solinus, Collection of Memorable Things 275

Song of Roland 18, 285

Spanish Succession, War of 3

Speyer 64, 96, 152, 234

spies 236, 256

Stephen, count of Blois 22, 44, 74, 80, 146, 186, 232, 247

Stephen, king of England 13 2–3, 142

Stephen of Bourbon, preacher 89, 113

strategy 232, 233–4, 274–92

Suger, abbot of St Denis 137, 187

supplies 256–73

Sword Brothers of Riga, order of 5 5

Tancred, king of Sicily 146, 209

Tancred of Lecce and Antioch 20, 40, 139–40, 143, 144, 148, 186, 187, 191

tattoos 108–9

taxation 48, 50, 65, 82–3, 84, 85, 100, 107, 131, 132, 136, 162, 171, 183, 188, 189–90, 193, 197, 200, 201, 204, 205, 207, 208–9, 210–11, 212, 213, 218–27, 241, 243

evasion of 205–6

Templars, order of 39, 94, 107, 115, 163–4, 188, 194, 209, 212, 213, 248

Teutonic Knights, order of 55–6, 146, 163–4, 212, 224, 225–6, 242, 253, 272

Theobald III, count of Champagne 156, 184, 189, 200, 203, 238, 239

Theobald IV, count of Champagne 38, 242, 277

Theotwin, cardinal of Santa Rufina 67

Thierry of Alsace, count of Flanders 41, 141, 148

Thomas of Chobham, writer 68–9

Toledo, fall of 31

tournaments 41, 42, 65, 97, 98, 133, 193, 285

Travers, Hugh, crusade proxy 158

Trivium 11

Turks, Seljuk 29–30, 32, 286

Urban II, pope 29–33, 37, 38, 40, 41, 45–6, 63–4, 66, 75, 76, 87, 93, 94, 96, 97, 102, 108, 112, 140, 162, 166, 214, 23I, 246, 284

Urban III, pope 114, 117, 118

Urban IV, pope 57,

Vegetius, military pundit 23, 25, 257

Venice, Venetians 46–7, 111, 147, 153, 175, 194, 241, 260, 261

treaty of 1201 132, 147, 183, 184, 189, 193, 200, 202, 203, 239, 244, 260, 261, 266

Vesconte, Pietro, cartographer 281, 282

Vézelay 64, 66, 75, 93, 94, 95, 107, 108, 109, 148, I52, 234, 238

Vienne, general council of the Church at 221

visual aids 82, 89, 94–5, 96, 97, 98, 109, 109, 112–13

vow, backsliding on 214–17

redemptions of 67, 74, 85, 99–100, 104, 150, 158, 171, 176, 183, 190, 209, 210, 213–18, 219–20

wages 14, 15, 16, 84, 127–49, 150–77, 182–203, 250, 252, 261

Waleran, count of Meulan 22, 80

Wales, preaching tour of 1188 18, 83, 88, 94, 96–7, 98, 102, 105, 106, 108, 118–23, 151, 153

Walter, Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury 80, 83–4, 144, 163

Walter sans Avoir, crusader 174

widows 246

William, archbishop of Tyre 24, 36, 39, 789, 80, 91, 289

Historia by 39

William, archdeacon of Paris, preacher and engineer 272

William, count of Melun, ‘the Carpenter’ 174

William, dean of St Paul’s, crusader and hospice founder 253

William I, king of England 7, 32, 76, 134, 136, 203, 256–7, 273

William II, king of England 137, 221

William of Aumale, obese crusader 214

William Grassegals, crusader 77–8, 295–6

William Longspee, crusader 155–6, 182

William of Malmesbury, chronicler 42

William of Mandeville, earl of Essex 142

William Marshal, regent of England 133, 141, 210

William of Newburgh, chronicler 202

William of Poitiers, chronicler 136

William of Sens, architect 16

William of Tripoli, preacher and writer 59, 285

wives 50, 101–2, 157, 164, 165–6, 182, 245–6

women 47, 74–5, 88, 101–2, 122, 165–7, 169, 173, 213

education of 22

writing, use of 14, 63, 75–86, 113, 115–16, 122–3, 150, 155, 162, 183, 188–9, 191–4, 234, 235–6