INDEX

Names within quotation marks are criminal nicknames where no proper name is listed. Otherwise, a cross-reference from the nickname directs the reader to the person’s real name.

1905 Revolution (i), (ii)

1917 Revolutions see Bolshevik Revolution

49ers (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

58ers (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

XXI Century Association (i)

abandoned children see besprizorniki

Abkhazia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

abreg (i), (ii), (iii)

Adrianov, Alexander (i)

Afghan veterans (afgantsy) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

afgantsy as ‘violent entrepreneurs’ (i), (ii), (iii)

Afghan War (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Afghanistan (i), (ii), (iii)

Aksyonov, Sergei (i), (ii)

Al-Qaeda (i)

alcohol

anti-alcohol campaigns (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

and crime (i), (ii)

home brew (i), (ii)

Almaty (i), (ii)

Amirov, Said (i)

Amur (i)

Andizhan (i)

Andropov, Yuri (i), (ii)

anti-corruption campaigns (i), (ii), (iii)

Antonov-Ovseyenko, Anton (i)

Applebaum, Anne (i)

Arkhangelsk (i)

armed forces (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

military corruption (i), (ii)

Armenia (i), (ii)

Armenian criminals (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)

Armenian gangs in USA (i)

arms trafficking (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

arson (i)

artel (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Australia (i)

Austria (i), (ii)

‘Avera’ (i)

Avtomobilnaya (gang) (i), (ii)

avtoritet (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi)

Ayupov, Nadim (i)

Azerbaijan (i), (ii)

Azeri criminals (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Babel, Isaak (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Bagdasarian, Rafik (i)

Bakatin, Vadim (i)

Baku (i), (ii), (iii)

‘Balashikhinsky, Sultan’ (i)

Baldaev, Danzig (i)

Balkans (i)

Baltic states (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii),

banditry (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

Bank of New York (i), (ii)

bank robberies (i)

Barayev, Arbi (i)

Barsukov, Vladimir see Kumarin, Vladimir

Basayev, Shamil (i)

Bashmaki (gang) (i)

‘bay leaves’ see Georgian criminals

beggars (i)

‘Behruz’ (i), (ii)

Belgium (i), (ii), (iii)

Belarus (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

Bender, Ostap (i), (ii)

Berezovsky, Boris (i)

Beria, Lavrenty (i)

besprizorniki (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

bitch (collaborator) see suka

bitches’ war (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

‘black account’ money (i), (ii), (iii)

black market see informal economy

Black Sea (i), (ii)

Blagoveshchensk (i)

blat (i), (ii), (iii)

blatnoi see vor

bodybuilders (i)

Bolshevik Revolution (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Bolsheviks see Communist Party

Bor, Alexander (i), (ii)

Borenstein, Eliot (i)

Borogan, Irina (i)

‘Borz’ (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Bout, Viktor (i)

Brat and Brat 2 (films) (i), (ii)

Bratsk (i)

Brezhnev, Leonid (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Brigada (TV series) (i), (ii)

Brighton Beach (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Browder, Bill (i)

Bryansk (i)

bunt (i), (ii),

burglary (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Butorin, Sergei (i), (ii), (iii)

Canada (i), (ii)

cannibalism (i)

car crime (i), (ii), (iii)

Caspian Sea (i), (ii),

cemeteries (i), (ii), (iii)

Central Asia (i), (ii)

see also Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan

Chaika, Yuri (i)

Chalidze, Valery (i), (ii), (iii)

Chanturia, Dmitry (i), (ii)

charities (i), (ii), (iii)

Chechen-Ingush Soviet Socialist Republic (i)

Chechen bratva (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv)

‘franchise’ (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

involvement in independence wars (i), (ii), (iii)

organisational structure (i), (ii)

Chechen brotherhood see Chechen bratva

Chechen commune see Chechen bratva

Chechens (i), (ii), (iii)

clans (i)

Operation Lentil (i)

wars of independence (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

cheese (i)

Cheka see KGB

Chekhov, Anton (i)

Cherkizovo market (i)

Chernoy, Lev (i)

China (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

Hong Kong (i)

Chinese organised crime (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

Churbanov, Yuri (i)

Churkin, Vasily (i), (ii)

cigarettes (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Civil War (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Clapper, James (i)

Cold War (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

‘new Cold War’ (i)

collectivisation (i)

Colombia (i)

Communist Party (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

and corruption (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

‘expropriations’ (i)

and secret funds (i)

contract killing (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv)

contract killers (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

cooperatives (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

corruption (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii)

and prestige projects (i), (ii)

see also anti-corruption campaigns

Cossacks (i), (ii), (iii)

counterfeiting (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

courts (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

credit card fraud (i)

crime, Russian concepts of (i)

crime gangs see Avtomobilnaya; Bashmaki; Izmailovskaya–Golyanovskaya; Kazanskaya; Lazanskaya; Lyubertsy; Malyshevskaya; Mazutkinskaya; Orekhovo; Orekhovo–Medvedkovo; Ostankinskaya; Salem; Shkabara–Labotski–Gnezdich; Slavyansky; Tsentralnaya; Yuzhnoportovaya

crime networks (i)

see also Chechen bratva; Far Eastern Association of Thieves; ‘Northern Route’; Solntsevo; Tambovskaya; ‘Ukrainians’; Uralmash

Crimea (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

Crimean war (i)

Crimintern (i)

cybercrime (i), (ii), (iii)

perception of Russian hackers, (i)

Cyprus (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Czech Republic (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Dagestan (i), (ii), (iii)

Dal, Vladimir (i)

Daniel, Yuli (i)

de Santerre, Maximilien (i)

debt collection (i), (ii)

‘Ded Khasan’ see Usoyan, Aslan

deep state (i)

DeLisle, Jeffrey (i)

democracy (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Dikselius, Mal’kol’m (i)

Dolgun, Alexander (i),

Donetsk (i), (ii), (iii)

Donbas (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Doroshevich, Vlas (i)

Dostoevsky, Fedor (i)

drug trafficking (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

drug use (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Dubai (i), (ii)

Dudayev, Dzhokar (i), (ii)

Duma (i)

Dushanbe (i)

‘Dvornik’ (i)

dvorniki (i)

Dzerzhinsky, Felix (i)

Dzhaniyev, Rovshan (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

‘Dzhem’ see Vasin, Yevgeni

Dzhangveladze, Merab (i)

Dzhugashvili, Joseph see Stalin

economic crime (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

speculation, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

economy (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

1998 ruble crash, (i), (ii), (iii),

2008 economic crisis, (i)

2014 economic crisis, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

control by organised crime, (i), (ii), (iii)

‘Edik Osetrina’ (i)

Elson, Monya (i), (ii)

Erofeyev, Viktor (i)

Estonia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

etap (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

European Union (i)

Europol (i), (ii), (iii)

extortion (i), (ii)

Facebook (i)

famine (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Far Eastern Association of Thieves (network) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

fartsovshchiki see informal economy

fascism (i), (ii)

Fatherland–All Russia Party (i)

FBI (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

Federal Security Service see FSB

Feldgun, Georgy (i)

fencing stolen goods (i), (ii), (iii),

fenya (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

financial crime (i), (ii), (iii)

Finland (i)

First World War (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

fish (i), (ii), (iii)

Fitzpatrick, Sheila (i)

Fizruk (TV series) (i), (ii)

France (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi),

fraud (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

Freeh, Louis (i)

Friedman, Robert (i)

Frierson, Cathy (i),

FSB (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

corruption, (i), (ii)

funerals (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

Gambetta, Diego (i), (ii)

gambling (i), (ii), (iii)

see also vory: and gambling

Gamsakhurdia, Zviad (i)

Georgia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

Georgian criminals (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

in Europe (i)

in Russia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

Georgian Orthodox Church (i)

Germany (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

Gilyarovsky, Vladimir (i)

Ginzburg, Eugenia (i), (ii)

glasnost (i), (ii)

Glenny, Misha (i)

global underworld (i)

criminal migration (i)

Russians’ role (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Gorbachev, Mikhail (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

Gorky, Maxim, (i), (ii), (iii)

Gould, Rebecca (i)

Grachev, Mikhail (i)

‘Graf’ (i)

Great Patriotic War see Second World War

Great Terror (i)

Greece (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Grinda González, José ‘Pepe’ (i), (ii)

Grozny (i)

GRU (i), (ii), (iii)

Gryzlov, Boris (i), (ii)

Gulag system (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

control (i), (ii), (iii)

revolts (i), (ii), (iii)

see also 49ers; 58ers; bitches’ war; etap; zek

Gulag camps

Angarlag (i)

Gorlag (i), (ii)

Intalag (i)

Kengir (i), (ii)

Kolyma (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Norilsk (i), (ii), (iii)

Pechorlag (i)

Rechlag (i)

Siblag (i)

Solovki (i)

Steplag (i)

Vanino (i), (ii)

Vorkuta (i), (ii)

Vyatlag (i)

Gurov, Alexander (i), (ii)

Gusinsky, Mikhail (i)

Hammett, Dashiell (i)

Harding, Luke (i)

healthcare (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Heinzen, James (i)

Herling, Gustav (i), (ii)

Herman, Victor (i)

Hermitage Capital Management (i)

heroin (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

‘highlanders’ (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)

highwaymen (i)

hooliganism (i), (ii),

horse thieves (i), (ii), (iii)

Hungary (i), (ii)

Huntington, Samuel (i)

Ilves, Toomas Hendrik (i)

industrialisation (i), (ii)

informal economy (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v),

in the Gulags (i), (ii)

Tsekhoviki (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

and underground factories (i), (ii), (iii)

see also blat; economic crime

Ingushetia (i), (ii)

intelligence activity (i)

use by Russian criminals (i)

use of Russian criminals (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Interpol (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Investigatory Committee (i)

Ioselani, Dzhaba (i), (ii)

Irkutsk (i)

Iron Curtain (i)

‘ironing the firm’ (i), (ii)

Islam (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Israel (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Italy (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

Italian organised crime (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

see also mafia (Italian)

Ivan the Terrible (i)

Ivankov, Vyacheslav (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

in the USA (i), (ii)

Izmailovskaya–Golyanovskaya (gang) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

James Bond films (i)

Japan (i)

see also yakuza

Jews (i), (ii), (iii)

kachki see bodybuilders

Kadyrov, Akhmad (i), (ii)

Kadyrov, Ramzan (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Kadyrovtsy (i)

Kain, Vanka (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

Kalashov, Zakhar (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Kaliningrad (i), (ii)

Kaluga (i)

‘Kamo’ see Ter-Petrossian, Simon

Kampfner, John (i)

kanonieri qurdi see vory v zakone

Karkov, Gennady (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

Karyshev, Valery (i)

Kazakhstan (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

Kazan (i), (ii)

Kazan Phenomenon (i)

Kazanskaya (gang) (i)

Kerry, John (i)

KGB (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

as Bolshevik Cheka (i), (ii), (iii)

corruption (i), (ii), (iii)

employing and working with criminals (i), (ii)

fighting crime (i)

Khabarov, Alexander (i)

Khabarovsk (i), (ii)

Khitrovka (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Khodorkovsky, Mikhail (i)

Kholodkov, Mikhail (i)

Khrushchev, Nikita (i), (ii)

kidnapping (i), (ii), (iii)

Kislovodsk (i)

Klebnikov, Paul (i)

kleptocracy (i), (ii)

Kiev (i), (ii)

Kobzon, Iosif (i), (ii)

Kohver, Eston (i), (ii), (iii)

Kola peninsula (i)

Komsomolsk-na-Amure (i)

Kondratyuk, Leonid (i)

Konstantinov, Andrei (i), (ii), (iii)

Kopelev, Lev (i)

‘Kostya Mogila’ see Yakovlev, Konstantin

Krasnodar (i)

Krasnoyarsk (i)

Krik, Benya (i), (ii), (iii)

krokodil (drug) (i)

Kruchina, Nikolai (i)

Krug, Mikhail (i)

krysha (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

Kulebaki (i)

Kulikov, Anatoly (i)

Kumarin, Vladimir (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Kutaisi clan (i)

Kuzio, Taras (i)

Kuznetsov, Yakov (i)

Kvantrishvili, Amiran (i), (ii)

Kvantrishvili, Otari (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

Kyrgyzstan (i)

Labazanov, Ruslan (i)

Lao Da (i)

Lapps (i)

‘Lasha Rustavsky’ (i)

Latin American drug gangs (i), (ii), (iii)

Latvia (i), (ii)

lavrushniki see Georgian criminals

law (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

‘law of the fist’ (i)

Lazanskaya (gang) (i)

Lazishvili, Otari (i)

Ledeneva, Alena (i)

Lenin (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Leningrad see St Petersburg

Leps, Grigory (i)

‘Lev Yurist’ (i), (ii), (iii)

Levashov, Pyotr (i)

Likhachev, Dmitri (i)

Lintner, Bertil (i)

Listyev, Vlad (i)

Literaturnaya Gazeta (i)

Lithuania (i), (ii)

Litvinenko, Alexander (i), (ii)

loan sharking (i)

‘Lom-Lopata’ (i)

London (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Lugansk (i)

Luttwak, Edward (i)

Luzhkov, Yuri (i), (ii)

‘Lyosha the Soldier’ see Sherstobitov, Alexei

Lyubertsy (also Lyubery) (gang) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Macao (i)

mafia state (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

mafia (Italian) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

see also Italian organised crime

mafia (USA) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

Magnitsky Act (i)

Magnitsky, Sergei (i), (ii)

Magomadov, Khasukha (i)

‘Malik’ (i)

Malyshevskaya (gang) (i), (ii), (iii)

Maritime Region (i)

Martial law (i)

Martov, Julius (i)

Maskhadov, Aslan (i), (ii)

Matich, Olga (i)

Mazutkinskaya (gang) (i), (ii)

mat (slang) (i)

media (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

and ‘hooliganism’ crisis (i)

Medvedev, Dmitry (i), (ii), (iii)

mercenaries (i)

Metsos, Christopher (i)

Mikeladze, Dzhemo (i), (ii), (iii)

‘Mikhas’ (i)

militsiya see police

Mineralnye Vody (i)

Ministry of Internal Affairs see MVD

‘Miron’ see Chanturia, Dmitry

Mirzoyan–Terdjanian Organisation (i)

‘Mishka Yaponchik’ see Vinnitsky, Mikhail

Mkhedrioni (i)

Mogilevich, Semyon (i), (ii), (iii)

Moldavanka see Odessa

Moldova (i), (ii), (iii)

money laundering (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)

‘Mongol’ see Karkov, Gennady

Montenegro (i)

Moscow (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi)

city government (i), (ii), (iii)

control of its underworld (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

drugs trade (i)

ethnic complexion of its underworld (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

markets (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

property (i), (ii), (iii)

slums (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

turf wars (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

Mulukhov, Tariel see Oniani, Tariel

MUR (i), (ii), (iii)

murder (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

Murmansk (i), (ii)

muzhiki (criminals) see 49ers

MVD (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

Mzhavanadze, Vasili (i)

Mzhavanadze, Viktoria (i)

Nakhodka (i)

nalevo see informal economy

nationalists (i), (ii)

NATO (i), (ii)

Navalny, Alexei (i), (ii), (iii)

Nazdratenko, Yevgeny (i), (ii)

Nemtsov, Boris (i), (ii)

Netherlands (i), (ii),

Nevzorov, Alexander (i)

New Economic Policy (i), (ii)

New York (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

Nicholas I (i), (ii), (iii)

Nicholas II (i),

Nikolayev, Vladimir (i)

Nizhny Novgorod (i)

Nizhny Tagil (i)

NKVD see KGB

Northern Route (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Novocherkassk (i)

Novokuznetsk (i)

Novosibirsk (i)

Nurgaliyev, Rashid (i)

obshchak (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

Odessa (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

Ogonyok (i), (ii)

OGPU see KGB

Okhrana (i)

oligarchs (i)

OMON riot police (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Oniani, Tariel (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

Oniani’s network (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)

rivalry with Usoyan (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Orekhovo (gang) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Orekhovo–Medvedkovo (gang) (i), (ii)

organised crime definitions (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

Eurasian organised crime (i), (ii)

Russian-based organised crime (i)

Russian-speaking organised crime (i), (ii)

Osipov, Mikhail (i)

Ossetians (i)

Ostankinskaya (gang) (i), (ii), (iii)

‘Osya’ see Butorin, Sergei

‘Otarik’ see Kvantrishvili, Otari

Oushakine, Serguei (i)

Ovchinsky, Vladimir (i), (ii)

Panin, Dmitry (i)

‘Parovoz’ (i)

Patrushev, Nikolai (i)

‘Pax Mafiosa’ (i), (ii)

Panteleyev, Lyonka (i), (ii)

Patrushev, Nikolai (i)

peasants (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

people trafficking and smuggling (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

perestroika (i)

Perm (i), (ii), (iii)

Peter the Great (i)

Petersburg Fuel Company (PTK) (i)

Petrograd see St Petersburg

pickpocketing (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

piracy (i), (ii)

Plehve, Vyacheslav (i)

poaching (i)

Poland (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

police (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv)

influence on organised crime (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

limitations of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

police corruption (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)

see also OMON

political prisoners see 58ers

ponyatiya (understandings) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Popov, Gavriil (i)

Poroshenko, Petro (i)

Prague (i), (ii), (iii)

prison slang (i)

prisons (i)

Lefortovo (i), (ii)

Matrosskaya Tishina (i)

prison camps see Gulag

private security industry (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

privatisation (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

voucher campaign (i)

property rights (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

prostitution (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

protection see krysha

protection rackets (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

Prussia (i)

Pskov (i)

Pugachev Rising (i)

Pushkin, Alexander (i), (ii)

Putin, Vladimir (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix)

alleged links to Tambovskaya (i), (ii)

and corruption (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

and the underworld (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

‘Pyotr Banana’ (i)

Radio Shanson (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Raduyev, Salman (i)

raiding (i), (ii)

railways (i), (ii)

‘Rak’ (i)

Rampton, Vanessa (i)

Rashidov, Sharaf (i)

Razzakov, Fedor (i)

‘red rooster’ see arson

Reinbot, Anatoly (i)

Remnick, David (i)

Ries, Nancy (i)

robbery (i), (ii)

Robin Hood (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Rochlitz, Michael (i)

Rokotov, Yan (i)

roof see krysha

Rossel, Eduard (i), (ii)

Rostov-on-Don (i), (ii)

Rovshan Lenkoransky see Dzhanyev, Rovshan

Rozenbaum, Alexander (i), (ii)

Rubin, Faivel (i)

‘Rudik’ (i), (ii)

rural guards see uryadniki

rural policing (i)

Russia (i), (ii), (iii)

crime and national brand (i), (ii), (iii)

as empire (i), (ii)

as a ‘mafia state’ (i), (ii), (iii)

relationship between state and crime (i), (ii), (iii)

Westernising (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Russian Business Network (i)

Russian Central Bank (i)

Russian Far East (i), (ii), (iii)

Russian Liberation Army (i)

Russian Orthodox Church (i), (ii)

Ryazan (i)

St Petersburg (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

and organised crime (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

Saakashvili, Mikheil (i)

Salem (gang) (i)

Samara (i), (ii)

Samarkand (i)

samosud (i), (ii)

Second World War (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

Serio, Joseph (i)

Sevastopol (i), (ii)

Sgovio, Thomas (i)

‘Shakhro the Younger’ see Kalashov, Zakhar

Shalamov, Varlam (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

Shali (i)

shanson (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

see also Radio Shanson; vory: music

Shchekochikhin, Yurii (i)

Shelley, Louise (i), (ii)

Shemchuk, Viktor (i)

Shengelaya, Veniko (i)

Sheremetyevo airport (i)

Sherstobitov, Alexei (i), (ii)

Shkabara–Labotski–Gnezdich (gang) (i)

Shevardnadze, Eduard (i), (ii), (iii)

shoplifting (i)

Siberia (i)

Sicilians (i), (ii)

Siegel, Dina (i)

‘Silvestr’ see Timofeyev, Sergei

Simferopol (i)

skhodka (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

Slavyansky (gang) (i)

Smolensk (i)

smuggling (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii),

sniper (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Sochi (i), (ii)

Sochi Winter Olympics (i)

social control (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

society (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

penetration of criminal values and habits (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

Soghoyan, Andranik (i)

Soldatov, Andrei (i)

soldiery (prisoners) see Voyenshchina

Solntsevo (network) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

Solomon, Michael (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Solonik, Alexander (i), (ii), (iii)

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander (i), (ii), (iii), (iv),

South Ossetia (i), (ii)

Spain (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

speculation see economic crime

Spetsnaz (special forces) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

sport

football (i), (ii), (iii)

Fund for the Social Protection of Athletes (i)

martial artists and wrestlers (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

Party of Sportsmen (i)

see also bodybuilders

Stalin, Joseph (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

economic policies (i)

links to criminals (i), (ii), (iii)

Stephenson, Svetlana (i)

Sterling, Claire (i)

street gangs (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

suchya voina see bitches’ war

suka (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Suleimanov, Nikolai (i), (ii), (iii)

SVR (i), (ii), (iii)

Sysknoi prikaz (i)

‘Taivanchik’ see Tokhtakhounov, Alimzhan

Tajikistan (i)

Tambovskaya (network) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv)

Tashkent (i), (ii)

Tatars (i), (ii)

tattooists (i)

‘Taro’ see Oniani, Tariel

tax (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

Tbilisi (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

Tbilisi clan see Usoyan, Aslan: Usoyan’s network

Ter-Petrossian, Simon (i)

terrorism (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

theft of Socialist Property (i)

thieves, see vory

‘thieves in law’ see vory v zakone

Thurston, Robert (i)

Tiap-Liap (gang) (i)

Timofeyev, Sergei (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

‘Timokha’ see Bor, Alexander

Tokarev, Villi (i)

Tokhtakhounov, Alimzhan (i), (ii)

tolkach (fixer) (i), (ii)

Tolstoy, Leo (i)

Transnistria (i)

Trans-Siberian Railway (i), (ii)

triads (i), (ii), (iii)

Trotsky, Leon (i)

Trump, Donald (i)

tsekhoviki see informal economy

Tsentralnaya (gang) (i), (ii)

Tula (i)

Turkey (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Turkmenistan (i), (ii)

Tver (i)

Ufa (i)

Ukraine (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)

conflicts in Crimea and Donbas (i)

links with Russian crime networks (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

Ukrainian nationalists (i)

Ukrainian organised crime (i), (ii), (iii)

‘Ukrainians’ (network) (i)

Union of Veterans of Afghanistan (i), (ii)

United Kingdom (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

acceptance of dirty Russian money (i)

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (i), (ii)

Uralmash (company) (i), (ii)

Uralmash (network) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

urbanisation (i), (ii), (iii)

uryadniki (i), (ii)

USA (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix)

rap and hip-hop (i)

Russian crime (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

Russians émigrés (i), (ii)

Usoyan, Aslan (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

assassination attempts (i)

death (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

rivalry with Dzhaniyev (i)

rivalry with Oniani (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Usoyan’s network (‘Tbilisi clan’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Ussuri Bay (i), (ii)

Uzbekistan (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

Uzbek Cotton Scandal (i)

Vagankovskoye cemetery (i), (ii)

vagrancy (i)

Vaksberg, Arkady (i)

‘Valery the Baboon’ (i)

Varese, Federico (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

Vasin, Yevgeny (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

‘Vaska Brilliant’ (i)

Vietnam (i), (ii)

‘Vinni-Pukh’ see Nikolayev, Vladimir

Vinnitsky, Mikhail (i), (ii), (iii)

violent entrepreneurs (i), (ii)

Vladivostok (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

VOKhR (i), (ii)

Volkov, Vadim (i), (ii)

Vologda (i)

vorovskoi mir see vory

vory (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii)

clothes and look (i), (ii)

code (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

criminal specialities (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

customs and rituals (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

funerals and memorials (i), (ii), (iii)

and gambling (i), (ii)

interest in own history (i), (ii)

internal communications (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

language (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

see also fenya; prison slang

music and songs (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

nicknames (i), (ii), (iii)

and outsiders (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

pakhan (boss) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

patsan (aspirant) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

and politics (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

as protection providers (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

punishment of violators (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

representations in popular culture (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

revival of culture (i), (ii)

and serving the state, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

sexual violence (i), (ii)

shestyorka (gofer) (i), (ii)

Slavic versus others (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

smotryashchy (overseer) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

social mobility (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

status of fraudsters (i), (ii)

tattoos (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)

traditionalists (blatnye) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

transmission of their code (i), (ii),

trust within (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

turf wars (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv)

‘Varangians’ versus ‘Easterners’ (i), (ii), (iii)

violence between criminals (i), (ii), (iii)

and women (i)

see also bitches’ war; obshchak; ponyatiya; skhodka; suka; voyenshchina; vory v zakone

vory v zakone (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

apelsiny (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

coronation (i), (ii), (iii)

ethnicity (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

as guarantors (i), (ii)

as mediators (i), (ii), (iii)

roles (i), (ii), (iii)

specific tattoos (i)

voyenshchina (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Vyshenkov, Vladimir (i)

Vysotsky, Vladimir (i), (ii)

Weissman, Neil (i)

‘werewolves’ (i)

Western scholarship (i)

women criminals (i), (ii)

Woolsey, James (i)

Yakovlev, Konstantin (i)

Yakovlev, Vladimir (i)

‘Yakutyonok’ see Zykov, Nikolai

yakuza (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

Yalta (i), (ii)

yama (i), (ii), (iii)

Yanukovych, Viktor (i), (ii)

‘Yaponchik’ see Vinnitsky, Mikhail and Ivankov, Vyacheslav

Yaroslavl (i)

Yekaterinburg (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

Yelin, Alexander (i)

Yeltsin, Boris (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

Yermolov, Alexei (i)

Yesin, Yury (i)

Young Communists (i), (ii)

youth crime (i), (ii), (iii)

youth subcultures (i)

see also Lyubertsy

‘Yura Lazarovsky’ (i), (ii)

‘Yura Samosval’ see Yesin, Yury

Yuzbashev, Artur (i)

Yuzhnoportovaya (gang) (i)

Zakharchenko, Dmitry (i)

zek convicts (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

bytoviki (i)

children (i)

forced labour (i)

see also 49ers; 58ers; vory

Zhigany (i)

Zinoviev, Igor (i)

Zorkin, Valery (i)

Zykov, Nikolai (i), (ii), (iii)