Adams, Madge, fig 24, 156, 157
Adler, Mortimer, 134
American Assembly, 130, 133, 135
American Institute of Architects (AIA), 72
American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society, 31
American University of Cairo, 43, 61
Anderson, Ralph, 157
Andrews, Edward Deming, 61
Arden House, conferences at, 130–31, 132–33, 135
Area Redevelopment Administration (ARA), 75–76
Shakertown application for funds from, 77–79, 82–89, 119
Shakertown loan approval, 1964, 90–93. See also Economic Development Administration (EDA)
Ashland (Henry Clay residence), 35, 55
Aspen Institute for the Humanities, 132, 134
Auchmoody, John, 85
Axtmann, Marcia, 119–20
Bakhaus, O. A., 60
Banta, Henry, 10
Bates, Issachar, 9
Batt, William L., 76
Beam, Jere, 101
Beard, Mrs. Clarkson, 60
Belcan Engineering Group, Cincinnati, 157
Boone Tavern hotel, 85
Bingham, Barry, fig 5, 48, 53–54, 56, 65, 68
and Shakertown Roundtable conferences, 137–38, 141
support of Shakertown, 60, 101
Blacksmith’s Shop, fig 1, fig 9
Blue Grass Preservation Short Course event, 38, 45, 72
Blue Grass Trust for Historic Preservation, 40, 42, 43, 44, 131
and Shakertown at Pleasant Hill, Inc. established, 50–51
and Shakertown restoration plans, 44–49
Blum, Harry, 101
Boone, Hilary, fig 19, 44, 48, 50, 51, 54–55, 65–66
Bradford, John, 24–25
Bradford house, Lexington, 24–25, 34, 35
Breckinridge, John, 89–90
Breed, Allen, 155
Brewer, Juliette, fig 20
second annual Shakertown festival, 67–68
Shakertown committee service, 44, 48, 50, 56–57, 59, 71
Brewer, Lawrence, 56
Brewer, Robert, fig 20
British National Trust, 30
Brookings Institution, 133
Brown, J. Graham, 101
Brown, John Y., 139
Brown, Peter A. G., 88
Brown, Sally, fig 21, 146
Bruce, Rebecca Gratz, 25
Buckner, Hubbard, 92
Bullock, Helen, 45
Burnett, Micajah, viii, 12–14, 99, 155
Caldwell, Mrs. William P., 60
Campbell, Alex G., Jr., x, fig 21–23, 151, 156, 157, 158
Campbell, Jimmie, 1–2
Cane Ridge, Ky., 9
Carpenter’s Shop. See Blacksmith’s Shop
Centre College, xiii, 129, 149
Centre Family House, fig 2, fig 6, fig 14–15, 57, 58, 68, 71, 110, 152, 154
original completion, 13
restoration, fig 7, 96, 97, 118
Shakertown Inc. acquisition, 60
Chase, W. Rowell, 99
Chavance, Philippe, 149
Chinn-Poe Nature Preserve, 150
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), 9
circular saw invention, 15
Cities Service Oil Company, 101
City Market, Savannah, 26
Civil War, 20–22
Clark, George Rogers, 95
Clark, Thomas D., xi, 14, 129, 133, 136, 140
Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 25
Clay, Dorothy Norton, fig 16, 47, 48, 72, 87, 131
death, 150–51
and Shakertown at Pleasant Hill, Inc., 50, 65, 71
Clay, Henry, 14, 24, 25, 35, 55, 56
Clay, Laura, 25
Clay, Mary Jane Warfield, 25
Cogar, James Lowry, ix, fig 16–18, 88, 103, 107, 144
background, 71–72
from Colonial Williamsburg, 30, 38, 60, 68, 72, 83, 100
recruiting Elizabeth Kremer for food operation, 109
recruiting James Thomas, 95–96
retirement, 124
and Shaker “atmosphere,” 117
Shakertown, as educational center, 94–95, 132
and Shakertown restoration, beginnings, 97–100, 104, 110
and Shakertown restoration, operational details, 83–84, 93, 102, 113, 114–16
Coke, Van Deren, 35
Collins, Lewis, 114
Colonial Williamsburg, 29–30, 38, 51, 60, 68, 72
advocates for Shakertown from, 83, 87–88, 95
and Shakertown comparison, 74, 82, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 117, 148, 157
Combs, Bert, fig 6, 39, 59, 68, 94, 138
and state funding for Shakertown, 89–90
support for Shakertown, 50–51
Communist Manifesto, The (Marx and Engels), 17
Cooper’s Shop, fig 8, 118
Corns, Ray, 139
Courier-Journal (St. Louis newspaper), 39, 55, 56, 90–91, 100, 115
“Courts, the Public, and the Law Explosion, The” (American Assembly session), 130
Cousins, Norman, 132
Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 27, 35
Dabney, Edward, 48
Davidson, Philip, fig 23, 133–34, 136, 138, 143
Davis-Bacon “prevailing wage” Act, 84, 114
Dillon, Read and Company, 80–81
Dixie Belle sternwheeler, 154
Dixon, Charlie, 88
Doll, Bob, 140
Dorothy Norton Clay Furniture Collection, 150–51
East Family Brethren’s Shop. See Brethren’s Shop
East Family House, fig 3, fig 11–12, 58, 60, 112, 113
inn at, 53
original construction, 12
East Family Wash House, 118, 152
Economic Development Administration (EDA): and Shakertown loan, 93, 95, 100–102
and Shakertown loan, renegotiation, 121–23, 124–29. See also Area Redevelopment Administration (ARA)
Edison, Thomas, 28
Edwards, Ann, 18–19
Elsie the Borden Cow, 15
evaporated milk invention, 15
Farm Deacon’s Shop, 112, 118, 153
Finley, David E., 31
Finn, Chester, 139
First Kentucky Trust Company of Louisville, 128
First National Bank of Louisville, 65, 82, 92–93, 126
Ford, Henry, 28
Ford, Wendell, 118
Ford Foundation, 76
Ford’s Theatre, 32
Forward in the Fifth group, 138
Foundation for the Preservation of Historic Lexington and Fayette County, 36–38
Freeman, Edwin, 42
Friends of Shakertown groups, 58
Frome, Michael, 115
furniture. See Shaker furniture
Gabhart, Willard, 100
Gifford, Chloe, 60
Graham, Don, 5
Gratz, Warfield, 44
Graves, Charles, fig 5, 44, 50, 106
Graves, Joseph C., fig 4, fig 17, 34–35, 36–40, 41, 43–44, 56
Graves, Lucy, 35, 37, 44, 48, 50, 52, 67–68, 71
Gravesend Press, 35
Greenfield Village, 28–29
Griffin, Gerald, 56
Gwinn, Herbert, 4, 47–49, 100, 107, 108
Gwinn land, 4, 47–49, 100, 102, 103, 104, 107
Hallowell, Julia, 104
Ham, F. Gerald, xi, 38, 45, 61
Hamilton, Hazel, 151
Hammer, Victor, 35
Hancock Shaker Village, Pittsfield, Mass., 61, 157
Harrodsburg, Ky., 3, 22, 40, 57, 58, 109
185th anniversary, 41–42
Hart, Lucretia, 24
Hart, Thomas, 24
Heard, Alexander, fig 24
Henry Clay Memorial Foundation, 35
Herrington Lake, 107
Highway 68, 3, 40, 43, 57, 90, 103
highway signs, advertising Shakertown, 113
rerouting, xiii, fig 11, 102, 114–15
Historical Sketches of Kentucky (Collins), 114
historic preservation movements, 25–33
British National Trust, adaptations of, 30–31
Colonial Williamsburg, 29–30
definitions, 99
Greenfield Village, 28–29
Independence Hall, Philadelphia, 26, 31
Mount Vernon, 27–28
National Trust for Historic Preservation establishment, 32
New Deal program, 32–33
women in, 35
Historic Savannah Foundation, 26
Holiday magazine, 118
Holy Sinai’s Plain, 149
Hopemont house, Lexington, 25, 34, 36. See also Hunt-Morgan House Houlihan, Bob, fig 19, 44, 48, 50, 78, 103, 127
House of David religious group, 3
Howland, Richard, 38, 45, 53–54
Howri, John Jacob, 19
Hudson Institute, New York, 136
Huether, Harry, 60
Humana corporation, 146
Humelsine, Carl, 120
Hunt, John Wesley, 25
Hunt-Morgan House, 36, 37, 38, 40, 50. See also Hopemont house, Lexington
Hutchins, Francis S., 60
Hutton, Jane Bird, fig 4, 40–41, 51, 59–60, 90, 100
Ickes, Harold, 32
Interstate Highway System, 33
Isaiah Davenport house, Savannah, 26
Isenberg, James L., 51
Jacobs, Paul, 19
James Graham Brown Foundation, 144, 150, 151
Janzen, Don, 149
Jewell, Robert, fig 19, 43, 44, 48, 50, 51, 54, 55, 56, 100
Johnson, Lucretia, 35
Johnson, Thomas, 24
John Wesley Hunt award, 145
Jones, Mrs. W. Alton. See Jones, Nettie Jones, Nettie, 101, 103–4, 107, 111, 133
Kahn, Herman, 136
Keig, Susan, 16
Kentucky Center for Public Issues, 141
Kentucky Derby, 135
Kentucky Education Reform Act (1990), 139
Kentucky Gazette, 24
Kentucky Heritage Commission, 118
Kentucky Historical Society, 42
“Kentucky Leaders for the New Century” (Shakertown Roundtable conference, 1999), 141–42
Kentucky Miscellany (Johnson), 24
Kentucky Oil and Gas Association, 79
Kentucky Press Association, 93
Kentucky River, vii, 1, 57, 103, 150, 154
Ketchum, Inc., 63–65
Key, Francis Scott, 25
Kremer, Elizabeth Cromwell, fig 17, 108–11, 116
Kremer, Harold, 108–9
Kurtz, Clarence, Jr., 47, 59, 95
Kurtz, Clarence, Sr., 47, 59, 95
Landrum, Vivian, 42
Latrobe, Benjamin, 25
Lee, Ann, vii–viii
beliefs about sex, 5–6
life, 5–9
move to America, 7–8
vision of, 6–7
Lee, Ronald F., 31
Lexington: demolition of historic buildings, 25–26
early development, 24–25
Historic District establishment, 39
historic preservation, 25–26, 34–40
Hunt-Morgan (Hopemont) House, 25, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 50
Lexington Public Library, establishment, 24
Liberty Hall, Frankfort, Ky., 44
Lilly, Eli, 101, 105, 120–21, 124
Lilly Endowment, 38, 39, 40, 123–24, 149
Linton, Sterling, 73
Locust Grove, Louisville, 95, 96
Luecke, Pam, 141
Mansfield, Howard, 149
Marshall, Burwell, 4, 40, 42, 47, 56, 60, 72
Marx, Karl, 17
May, Cordelia Scaife, 104, 108, 119
McAneny, George, 31
McBride, Kim, 149
McCallister, Ralph, 54, 57, 58, 62, 63, 65, 68, 131
McCaskey, Tom, 87–88
McClure, R. B. “Red,” 47, 48, 100
McLain, Raymond, 43, 44, 60, 63
opening of restoration, 132
as Shakertown Inc. “guide,” 52, 54, 61–62, 69–70, 71, 94, 131
and Shakertown restoration plans, 46, 50, 51
Meachan, John, 9
Meeting House, 13, 22, 77, 91, 114
acquisition for Shakertown, 103–4
Miles, Dorothy, 44
Miles, LeRoy, 65
Mint Julep, The (Gravesend Press), 35
Mitchell, Mrs. J. W., 68
Moe, Richard, 99
Moloney, Michael, 138
Morgan, Thomas Hunt, 25
Morris, Betty W., fig 17, 56, 69, 93, 96, 97, 107
and Blue Grass Trust for Historic Preservation, 38, 44
and Elizabeth Kremer, 108–10
functional responsibilities, 115–16, 124
on Shakertown staff, 54–55, 73
work with National Trust for Historic Preservation, 31–32, 38
Morris, Robert, 38
Morton, Rogers C. B., fig 16, 118
Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association, 27–28, 31
Narrative of the Life and Travels of John Robert Shaw, the Well-Digger (Johnson), 24
Nassau Associates, 81
National Council for Historic Sites and Buildings, 31
National Federation of Women’s Clubs, 60
National Gallery of Art, 31, 32
National Historic Landmark, Shakertown as, 118
National Register of Historic Places, 118
National Trust for Historic Preservation, 32, 37, 38–39, 40, 52, 53, 64, 99, 119
New Lebanon, N.Y., 9
Nickels, Ed, 144
Nixon, Richard, 122
North Lot Dwelling, 124
Norton, George W., Jr., 101
Norton, Mrs. George W., Jr., 60
Nunn, Louie B., 122–23
Ohio Valley Assembly, 133
Old Ministry’s Shop, fig 2, fig 9, 118
Old Stone Shop, 109
Old Sturbridge Village, Mass., 84–85, 144
commercial encroachment of, 102
Owen, Frank, 61
Paint Creek Weavers of Paintsville, 106
Paint Lick, Ky., 9
Parsons, Burford, 73
Pennebaker, W. F., fig 1, 109–10
People’s Gas Company of Kentucky, 79
Perryville, Battle of (1862), 21
Peterson, Charles E., 46
Petroleum Exploration Company, 79
Philadelphia, preservation of buildings in, 26
Phillips, W. H., 42
Pleasant Hill and Its Shakers (Clark and Ham), xi
Pleasant Hill Autumn Festival, 68
Pleasant Hill conferences. See Shakertown Roundtable conferences
Pleasant Hill gift shop, 96
Pleasant Hill journals, 18–19, 20
Pleasant Hill Shaker community. See Shakers Shakertown
Poe, Pansy, 101, 114, 143, 153
Post Office, at Shakertown, 118
Presbyterians, 9
Prichard Committee for Academic Excellence, 138
Progress Paint Manufacturing Company, 113
Quicksand Craft Center, 106
Rannells, Edward W., 35
Rash, Dillman A., 136
Rath, Frederick L., Jr., 31–32
Reading, Carolyn, 35
Reagan, Nancy, 117–18
Reed, Earl H., 38
Reed, Washington, 83, 84, 97, 105, 106
religious revivalism, early nineteenth century, 9
Renfrew, Robert, 2, 42, 47–48, 57
Reston, James, 135
Rockefeller, John D., Jr., 29, 64, 74, 98
Rogers, Hal, 138
Royalty, Gene, 100
Sanford, Jackie, fig 10, 73
Sarah Mellon Scaife Foundation, 104
Satterwhite, Thomas, 100
Savannah, Ga., historic preservation in, 26, 36
Save Shakertown Forever Fund, 157
Sawyier, Paul, 95
Schliemann, Heinrich, 105
Secchi, Carl, 95
Secrest, Lydia, 19
Secrest, Mary, 19
Security Trust Company, 48
Settles, Evalina, 111
Settles, Mary, viii, 23, 68, 71, 110
“Shaker Character: Does It Have Meaning for Today, The?” conference, 61–62, 131
Shaker ferry property, 103
acquisition of original pieces, 151
display at restoration opening ceremony, 95
Dorothy Norton Clay Furniture Collection, 150–51
grant to acquire/reproduce, 144
project to reproduce, fig 10, 41, 93, 95, 106
Shakers: agricultural practices, 14–15
boxes, 153
and Civil War, 20–22
colonies established of, 8–9
communal living principles, 12, 17
deserters from society, 18–19
end, as religious order, 1910, 3, 4, 22
excellence in work, 16
financial problems in community, 22
hospitality, 17–18
Kentucky, first settlement, 9–10
the last to die, viii, 3, 23, 68
late nineteenth-century changes, 22
legacy, 23
man/woman relationships, 5, 7, 8, 12, 18
man/woman relationships, difficulties in community, 18–20
Ohio, establishment in, 9–10
orphans, recruitment, 20
Pleasant Hill, established at, vii–viii, fig 1, 11–12
simplicity, as virtue, 16–17, 131, 154
traders, 14
wash houses, 152–53
Shakertown: in 1950s, 1–4
in 1960s, 77
adjoining land, 4, 100–105, 107–8
archaeological survey, 149
architectural survey, 84
and Blue Grass Preservation Short Course event, 38
and Blue Grass Trust for Historic Preservation, 44–49
and Boone Tavern hotel, comparison study, 85
buildings erected, 12–14
business meetings, use of for, 117
ceremony for beginning of restoration, 94–96
and Colonial Williamsburg advocates for, 83, 87–88, 95
and Colonial Williamsburg comparison, 74, 82, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 117, 148, 157
conferences at, idea for, 130–35
cookbooks, 111
deterioration, 1980s, 143–44
first opening to public, 88, 90
first opening to public, after restoration beginnings, 110–11
first steps to preserve, 39–44
food service, 108–11, 115, 116–17
highway signs advertising, 113
media coverage for restoration beginnings, 56–57
as National Historic Landmark, vii, xiii, 118
and Old Sturbridge Village, Mass., comparison study, 84–85
paint manufacturing, 113
parking plans, 114–15
restaurant at, 1950s, 2
restoration, viii–xi
restoration, beginnings, 97–100
restoration, phase two, 113–23
restoration, phase three, 123–24
and Route 68 rerouting, xiii, fig 11, 102, 114–15
second annual festival at, fig 6, 67–68
Shaker Life exhibit, 148
and Shakertown at Pleasant Hill, Inc. established, 50–51
tourism, 1960s/1970s, 117, 119
tourism, awards for, 118
tourism, beginnings, 106
tourism, drop off in 2004, 157
tourism, feasibility study, 85, 87–88
water-powered mills, xiii
weaving for, 93, 106. See also Shakertown Roundtable conferences
Shakertown at Pleasant Hill, Inc.: acquisitions, early 1960s, 59–60, 65, 77
acquisitions, in mid 1960s, 100–105, 107–8
acquisitions, in 1970s, 143
acquisitions, in 1990s, 150–51
architect, for master planning, 82–84
Area Redevelopment Administration (ARA), application, 77–79, 82–89, 119
Area Redevelopment Administration (ARA), loan approval, 90–93
ceremony for beginning of restoration, 94–96
construction, 114
construction plans, 83–84, 106
donations to, 99, 100–101, 104–5, 107–8, 120–21, 124, 129
establishment, 50–51
feasibility study, 85–86
first steps, 51–56
fiscal emergency, late 1960s, 120–21
fiscal planning 1970s on, 124–29
fiscal problems, mid 1970s, 123–24
fundraising program, x, 62, 63–67, 73
fundraising program, 1990s, 147–48
leadership appointments, 54–56, 68–70, 72–74
local support for project, 89
new trustees, 60
preservation goals, 1990s, 147–48, 149–50
public campaign for restoration, 56–60, 67–68
recruiting Elizabeth Kremer for food operation, 108–11
renegotiating EDA loan, 121–23, 124–29
restoration, phase two, 113–23
restoration, phase three, 123–24
restoration progress, 105–11
“Shaker Character: Does It Have Meaning for Today, The?” conference, 61–62
Shakertown Roundtable conferences, 135–40
Shakertown Baptist Church, 2, 77, 91, 103
Shakertown Inn, 1–2, 41–42, 47–48
Shakertown Land Company, 101–2
Shakertown Roundtable conferences, 135–40, 143–44, 158
from 1990s on, 140–42
Kentucky affairs discussed at, 136–39
Shakertown School, 107–8
Shaker Village of Pleasant Hill. See Shakertown
“Shaking Quakers,” 6–7
Shanker, Albert, 139
Shawnee Run Creek, vii, xiii, 10, 11, 107, 149, 150
Shuter, Tabitha, 19
Simple Spirit, The (Thomas and Thomas), 155
simplicity, as Shaker virtue, 16–17, 131, 154
Small Business Administration (SBA), 76, 78
Smith, Albert, fig 24, 134–35, 158
and Shakertown Roundtable conferences, 140–42
Smithsonian, 45
Snow, Barbara, 38
Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities, 31
Society of American Travel Writers, 118
Society of Believers, vii
Spragens, Thomas, 129
Standard Oil Company of Ohio (Sohio), 80
Stone, Barton W., 9
Sturgill, Charles, 65, 73, 87, 89, 100, 103, 129
Sue Bennett Memorial School, London, Ky., 79
Sullivan and Cozart, 106
Sutcliffe, Elbert Gary, 60, 83, 101
Syracuse University, 54
Tanyard House, 118
Tapp, Sterling, 57
“Tax Dollar in Kentucky: What Does It Buy, The?” (Shakertown Roundtable conference, 1988), 139
Taylor, Wallace, fig 5, 106
Taylor, William, 19
Tennessee Valley Authority, 136
Thomas, Elisha, 10
Thomas, James C., x, fig 17, fig 24, 71, 97, 106, 110, 111, 155
background, 95–96
legacy, 156–58
as preservationist, ix, 95, 96, 99, 113, 114
Shakertown president, 124, 143–44, 146, 148, 150–51
and Shakertown Roundtable conferences, 140, 141
Thomas, Mrs. Carey Gratz Johnstone, 36
Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 31
Townsend, William H., 60
Trustees’ House, fig 13–14, 22, 109, 118, 150, 154
architectural features, 13–14
dining room in, 110
first tours of, 88
restoration plans, 67, 112, 113
as Shakertown Inn, 47
Trustees’ Office. See Trustees’ House
Tucker, Harry St. George, 50, 55
Union Village, Ohio, 10
United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing, 7
University of Kentucky, 1, 44, 53, 60, 71, 149
College of Architecture, 106
University of Louisville, 134
Vanderbilt University, 134, 136, 139
Wallace, Earl D., viii–ix, fig 5, fig 16, 49, 50, 60, 62, 64
and adjoining land acquisition, 100–105
and Area Redevelopment Administration (ARA), 77–79, 82–89
background, 79–82
criticism of, 70–71, 143–44, 145
as financier, 52–53
fiscal planning 1970s on, 124–29
recruiting James Thomas, 96
Shakertown, 1964 loan approval, 90–93
Shakertown, CEO of, 55–56, 67, 68–69, 72–73
Shakertown, fundraising, 63–67
Shakertown, restoration, phase two, 113–23
Shakertown, state funding, 89–90
Shakertown conferences, working toward, 131–35
Shakertown Roundtable conferences, 135–40, 143–44
Wallace, Michael, 28, 30, 36, 99
Walls, Bill, 128
Walsh, Betty. See Morris, Betty W.
Warren, Robert L., fig 21, 148
Washington, George, 27
Watkins, J. Stephen, 84
Watts, John C., 87
Weis, Virginia, 17
Welcome Back to Pleasant Hill (Kremer), 111
We Make You Kindly Welcome (Kremer), 111
Western Review, The, 46–47
West Family House, 13, 100, 113, 114, 116, 118, 124, 133
West Family Wash House, 114
conference rooms, providing, 133
funds to restore, 133
West Lot dwelling, 149–50
West Lot Wash House, 150
West Virginia University Library, 45
“What Kentuckians Would Gain by Improving the State’s Educational Standing” (Shakertown Roundtable conference, 1985), 137–38
Whittymore, Caroline, 19
Whittymore, James, 19
Wilkinson, Wallace, 139
Williamsburg. See Colonial Williamsburg
“Winter Shakers,” 17–18
Wiser Oil Company, 79
women’s rights movement, 25, 41
Worley, Malcolm, 10
Wright, Margaret “Retta,” fig 18, 44, 48, 50, 70–71
Wyatt, Wilson, 39, 137, 140, 143
Young, William T., x, fig 21–23, 140, 141, 156, 158
death, 157
Shakertown achievements, 1990s, 150–51
as Wallace’s successor, 145–48