The Weather Experiment

Chapter 10: Dazzling Bright

1 Glaisher et al., Travels in the Air, p. 49

2 Ibid. p. 51

3 NA. BJ 7/723

4 Glaisher et al., Travels in the Air, p. 53

5 Ibid. p. 54

6 Ibid. p. 54

7 Ibid. p. 54

8 Glaisher et al., Travels in the Air, p. 21

9 The Times, 11 September 1862

10 NA. BJ 7/723

11 NA. BJ 7/725

12 On the System of Forecasting the Weather pursued in Holland, Report of the 33rd Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Aug. and September, 1863

13 ‘A Visit to Admiral FitzRoy’s Weather Office’, United Service Magazine, July 1866

14 FitzRoy, The Weather Book, p. 178

15 Colburn’s United Service Magazine, 1865, Part II, p. 551

16 FitzRoy, The Weather Book, p. 190

17 Once a Week, 23 February 1863

18 Ibid.

19 Morning Post, 31 March 1862

20 FitzRoy, The Weather Book, p. 169

21 Ibid. p. 218

22 The Times, 11 April 1862

23 FitzRoy, The Weather Book, p. 190

24 Darwin Correspondence Database, http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-3836, accessed on 14 September 2014

25 RS. 16 March 1863

26 FitzRoy, The Weather Book, p. 7

27 Ibid. p. 331

28 RS. MS/743/1/57

29 ‘Admiral FitzRoy on the Weather’, Eclectic Magazine, December 1863

30 ‘The Weather Book: A Manual of Practical Meteorology by Rear Admiral FitzRoy’, Athenaeum, 17 January 1863

31 Ibid.

Chapter 11: Endings

1 Westminster Review, Vol. 79–80, 1863, p. 261

2 Martin Brookes, Extreme Measures: The Dark Visions and Bright Ideas of Francis Galton (London: Bloomsbury, 2004) p. 18

3 RS. EC/1860/10

4 Brookes, Extreme Measures, p. 128

5 Ibid. p. 129

6 Francis Galton, ‘A Development of the Theory of Cyclones’ – accessed September 2014 at http://galton.org/essays/1860–1869/galton-1863-proc-royal-soc-cyclones.pdf

7 Francis Galton, Meteorographica, or Methods of Mapping the Weather (London: Macmillan, 1863) – accessed September 2014 at http://galton.org/books/meteorographica

8 The Reader, 19 December 1863

9 The Times, 27 January 1863

10 [Various], The Science of the Weather in a series of letters and essays (Glasgow: Laidlow, 1866) p. 26

11 Ibid. p. 26

12 Ibid. p. 192

13 FitzRoy, The Weather Book, p. 244

14 Ibid. p. 247

15 RS. 24 December 1862

16 RS. 16 March 1863

17 RS. 20 March 1863

18 The Times, 14 May 1864

19 The Times, 16 May 1864

20 Liverpool Mercury, 21 October 1863

21 FitzRoy, The Weather Book, p. 231

22 Darwin Correspondence Database, http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-2575, accessed on 14 September 2014

23 James R. Moore, The Post-Darwinian Controversies: A study of the Protestant struggle to come to terms with Darwin in Great Britain and America 1870–1900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981) p. 91

24 Brookes, Extreme Measures, p. 142

25 Katharine Anderson, Predicting the Weather: Victorians and the Science of Meteorology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005) p. 163

26 Francis Galton, ‘Statistical Inquiries into the Efficacy of Prayer’, Fortnightly Review – accessed September 2014 at http://galton.org/essays/1870–1879/galton-1872-fortnightly-review-efficacy-prayer.html

27 Ibid.

28 Punch, 17 October 1863

29 Glaisher et al., Travels in the Air, p. 92

30 Punch, 20 January 1864

31 Punch, June 1863

32 The Times, 18 June 1864

33 Ibid.

34 Colburn’s United Service Magazine, 1866, Part II, p. 354

35 FitzRoy, Good Words, 1 June 1866

36 RS. 5 October 1861

37 Lovell Reeve, Portraits of Men of Eminence Vol. III (London: Lovell Reeve, 1863) p. 56

38 FitzRoy, Good Words, 1 June 1866

39 Ibid.

40 H. E. L. Mellersh, FitzRoy of the Beagle (London: Maison & Lipscomb, 1968) pp. 281–4

41 Ibid. pp. 281–4

42 Leeds Mercury, 2 May 1865

Chapter 12: Truth Telling

1 J. D. Hooker, 2 May 1865. Darwin Correspondence Database, http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-4826, accessed 14 September 2014

2 Darwin Correspondence Database, http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-4827, accessed on 14 September 2014

3 ‘The Suicide of Admiral Robert FitzRoy’, Nottinghamshire Guardian, 5 May 1865

4 GL. GG/519, 14 April 1852

5 http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-4831, accessed on 14 September 2014

6 Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Vol. 35 (London: Murray, 1865) p. cxxxi

7 The Times, 26 June 1865

8 http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-4921, accessed on 14 September 2014

9 Mellersh, FitzRoy of the Beagle, p. 286

10 Sporting Gazette, 8 July 1865

11 RS. Memorandum on the Meteorological Office by Edward Sabine, 1865, MM/14/74

12 Ibid.

13 Brookes, Extreme Measures, p. 137

14 Dr Leone Levi, Annals of British Legislation: Being a Digest of the Parliamentary Blue Books Vol. III (London: Smith, Elder, 1866) p. 453

15 Ibid. p. 454

16 Ibid. p. 456

17 Ibid. p. 460

18 NA. BJ 7/960 – Milner Gibson to Thomas Farrer, 17 May 1866

19 Reeve, Portraits of Men of Eminence Vol. I, p. 56

20 The Works of Lord Bacon Vol. I (London: Bohn, 1850) p. liii

21 http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-2122, accessed on 14 September 2014

22 Charles Dickens, The Pickwick Papers (1836; London: Wordsworth Classics, 1992)

23 Helen Vendler, Emily Dickinson: Selected Poems and Commentaries (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap, 2010) p. 431

24 Joseph Conrad, Typhoon (1902/1903; Ware: Wordsworth Classics, 1998) p. 31

25 Revd Francis Redford to the Board of Trade, Parliamentary Papers (1867) LXVI, pp. 185–203

26 Christopher Cooke, Admiral FitzRoy: His Facts and Failures: a letter to the Marquis of Tweeddale (London: Hall, 1867) p. 12

27 Symons’s Monthly Meteorological Magazine (London: Stanford, 1867) p. 101

28 Ibid. p. 101

29 Ibid. p. 104

30 Ibid. p. 104

31 Filey and the gales of 1860, 1867, 1869 AND 1880, http://www.scarboroughsmaritimeheritage.org.uk/afileygales.php, accessed March 2014

32 Glaisher et al., Travels in the Air, p. 95

33 Ibid. pp. 85–6

34 Alexander von Humboldt, Kosmos Vol. I (London: Baillière, 1845) p. 338

35 Howard, Seven Lectures on Meteorology, p. 17

36 J. L. Hunt, James Glaisher FRS (1809–1903) Astronomer, Meteorologist and Pioneer of Weather Forecasting: ‘A Venturesome Victorian’ (Royal Astronomical Society, 1996) p. 340

37 H. P. Hollis and Rev. Tucker, Glaisher, James J., Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

Dusk

1 M. Minnaert, The Nature of Light & Colour in the Open Air, (New York: Dover, 1954) p. 271

West Winds

1 Warnings over storm due to hit England and Wales: BBC News http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-24674537, accessed July 2014

2 How accurate are our public forecasts? http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/who/accuracy/forecasts, accessed July 2014

3 The Public Weather Service’s Contribution to the UK Economy, http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/pdf/h/o/PWSCG_benefits_report.pdf, accessed July 2014

4 Dame Julia Slingo, interview with the author, 23 June 2014

5 John Tyndall, ‘On the Absorption and Radiation of Heat by Gasses and Vapours’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 151, 1861, p. 2

6 Ibid. p. 27

7 James Rodger Fleming, Historical Perceptions on Climate Change (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998)

8 Rupert Darwall, The Age of Global Warming, A History (London: Quartet, 2013)

9 Summary for Policy Makers: IPCC Report 2013, https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-spm.pdf, accessed July 2014

10 Climate change ‘threatens our only home’, warns IPCC: BBC News, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-24299664, accessed July 2014

11 Darwall, The Age of Global Warming

12 Lord Nigel Lawson, The Trouble with Climate Change (London: Global Warming Policy Foundation, 2014) p. 18

13 Dame Julia Slingo, interview with the author, 23 June 2014

14 Ibid.

15 Ibid.

16 Charles Moore, ‘The game is up for climate change believers’, Daily Telegraph, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/non_fictionreviews/10748667/The-game-is-up-for-climate-change-believers.html

17 Ibid.

18 Dame Julia Slingo, The Life Scientific, BBC Radio 4, 8 April 2014

19 Dame Julia Slingo, interview with the author, 23 June 2014

20 Darwall, The Age of Global Warming

21 Sir Brian Hoskins, Radio 4 Today Programme, 13 February 2014

22 Conrad, Typhoon, p. 23