Revolution

ABBREVIATIONS

APS	The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, ed. Thomas Thomson and Cosmo Innes (12 vols., Edinburgh, 1814–75)
BIHR	Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research
BL	British Library
Bodl.	Bodleian Library, Oxford
Bulstrode Newsletters	Newsletters of Richard Bulstrode, 1667–89, from the Harry Ransome Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin (Marlborough, 2002)
Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub.	Calendar of the Ancient Records of Dublin, in the Possession of the Municipal Corporation of that City, ed. John T. Gilbert (16 vols., Dublin, 1889–1913)
CClarSP	Calendar of Clarendon State Papers Preserved in the Bodleian Library, ed. F.J. Routledge (5 vols., Oxford, 1872–1932)
CJ	Journals of the House of Commons
Clar. Corr.	The Correspondence of Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon and of His Brother Laurence Hyde, Earl of Rochester; With the Diary of Lord Clarendon from 1687 to 1690, Containing Minute Particulars of the Events Attending the Revolution, ed. Samuel Weller
CLRO	Singer (2 vols., 1828) Corporation of London Record Office
Cox, Hibernia Anglicana… Second Part	Sir Richard Cox, Hibernia Anglicana: Or, The History of Ireland from the Conquest thereof by the English, to this Present Time… In Two Parts (2nd edn, 1692)
CSPD	Calendar of State Papers Domestic
CUL	Cambridge University Library
Dalrymple, Memoirs	Sir John Dalrymple, Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland; From the Dissolution of the Last Parliament of Charles II till the Capture of the French and Spanish Fleets at Vigo. A New Edition, in Three Volumes; With the Appendices Complete (1790)
Ellis Corr.	Letters Written During the Years 1686–88 to John Ellis, ed. George Agar Ellis (2 vols., 1829)
EUL	Edinburgh University Library
Evelyn, Diary	The Diary of John Evelyn, ed. E. S. De Beer (6 vols., Oxford, 1955)
Fountainhall, Decisions	Sir John Lauder of Fountainhall, The Decisions of the Lords of Council and Session from June 6th, 1678, to July 30th, 1713 (2 vols., Edinburgh, 1759–61)
Fountainhall, Hist. Not.	Sir John Lauder of Fountainhall, Historical Notices of Scotish [sic] Affairs, ed. David Laing (2 vols., Edinburgh, 1848)
Fountainhall, Hist. Obs.	Sir John Lauder of Fountainhall, Historical Observes of Memorable Occurrents in Church and State from October 1680 to April 1686, ed. David Laing and A. Urquhart (Edinburgh, 1840)
FSL	Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, D.C.
Hatt. Corr.	Correspondence of the Hatton Family, 1601–1704. Being Chiefly Letters Addressed to Christopher, First Viscount Hatton, ed. E. M. Thompson (2 vols. 1873)
Henning, House of Commons	Basil Duke Henning, ed., The House of Commons, 1660–1690 (3 vols., 1983)
HMC	Historical Manuscripts Commission
Hunt. Lib.	Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.
LC	Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Letters to Sancroft	A Collection of Letters Addressed by Prelates and Individuals of High Rank in Scotland and by Two Bishops of Sodor and Man to Sancroft Archbishop of Canterbury, ed. William Nelson Clarke (Edinburgh, 1848)
Leven and Melville Papers	Leven and Melville Papers. Letters and State Papers Chiefly Addressed to George Earl of Melville, Secretary of State for Scotland 1689–1691. From the Originals in the Possession of the Earl of Leven and Melville, ed. William Leslie Melville (Edinburgh, 1843)
Life of James II	The Life of James II, ed. J. S. Clarke (2 vols., 1816)
LJ	Journals of the House of Lords
LMA	London Metropolitan Archives (formerly Greater London Record Office)
Lond. Gaz.	London Gazette
Lond. Int.	The London Intelligence
Lond. Merc.	London Mercury or Moderate Intelligencer
Luttrell	Narcissus Luttrell, A Brief Historical Relation of State Affairs from September, 1678, to April, 1714 (6 vols., Oxford, 1857)
Melvilles and Leslies	The Melvilles Earls of Melville and the Leslies Earls of Leven, ed. Sir William Fraser (3 vols., Edinburgh, 1890)
Merc. Ref.	Mercurius Reformatus
Morrice	Dr Williams's Library, London: Roger Morrice, Entr'ing Books P, Q, R
NA	National Archives (formerly Public Record Office)
NAS	National Archives of Scotland (formerly Scottish Record Office)
NLI	National Library of Ireland
NLS	National Library of Scotland
Orange Gaz.	Orange Gazette
Oxford DNB	Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, 2004)
Parl. Hist.	The Parliamentary History of England from the earliest Period to the Year 1803, ed. William Cobbett (36 vols., 1806–20)
Petty–Southwell Corr.	The Petty–Southwell Correspondence 1676–1687, edited from the Bowood Papers by the Marquis of Lansdowne (1928, reprinted New York, 1967)
POAS	Poems on Affairs of State, ed. Geoffrey de Forest Lord, et al. (7 vols., New Haven, Conn., 1963–75)
Pub. Occ.	Publick Occurrences
Reresby, Memoirs	Memoirs of Sir John Reresby, ed. Andrew Browning (Glasgow, 1936, 2nd edn with a new preface and notes, Mary K. Geiter and W. A. Speck, 1991)
RO	Record Office
RPCS	The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland. Third Series, 1661–1691, ed. P. H. Brown, et al. (16 vols., Edinburgh, 1908–70)
RSCHS	Records of the Scottish Church History Society
SR	The Statutes of the Realm, ed. A. Luders, T. E. Tomlins and J. France (12 vols., 1810–28)
ST	State Trials, ed. T. B. Howell (33 vols., 1809–26)
Steele	Robert Steele, A Bibliography of Royal Proclamations of the Tudor and Stuart Sovereigns and of others Published under Authority 1485–1714 (3 vols. in 2, New York, 1967)
TCD	Trinity College, Dublin
Univ. Int.	Universal Intelligence
Wodrow, Sufferings	Robert Wodrow, History of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland, from the Restauration to the Revolution (2 vols., Edinburgh, 1721–2)
Wood, Life and Time	Anthony Wood, Life and Times, 1632–1695, ed. A. Clark (5 vols., Oxford, 1891–1900)
WYAS	West Yorkshire Archives Service, Sheepscar, Leeds

Introduction

1. Steele, I, no. 3866, II, no. 991, and III, no. 2715.

2. Ellis Corr., II, 52; HMC, 5th Report, pp. 378–9.

3. Andrew Barclay, ‘Mary [of Modena] (1658–1718)’, Oxford DNB.

4. Life of James II, II, 161.

5. Dalrymple, Memoirs, II, ‘Part I. Continued. Appendix to Book V’, pp. 107–10 (quote on p. 107).

6. Henri and Barbara van der Zee, 1688: Revolution in the Family (1988), p. 118.

7. [John Whittel], An Exact Diary of the Late Expedition (1689), p. 34. Accounts of William's crossing can be found in Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, ed. Sir Charles Firth (6 vols., 1913–15), III, 1118–26; Stephen B. Baxter, William III (1966), pp. 237–8; van der Zee, Revolution in the Family, ch. 12.

8. ‘A Hue and Cry’ (1688), in POAS, V, 23.

9. Evelyn, Diary, IV, 624; Gilbert Burnet, History of His Own Time: From the Restoration of King Charles the Second to the Treaty of Peace at Utrecht, in the Reign of Queen Anne (1850), p. 523; Clar. Corr., II, 249.

10. Burnet, History of His Own Time, p. 114.

11. Painted Ladies; Women at the Court of Charles II, ed. Catharine MacLeod and Julia Marciari Alexander (2001), p. 203.

12. HMC, Dartmouth, I, 36.

13. Cited in van der Zee, Revolution in the Family, p. 22.

14. William Bradford Gardner, ‘The Later Years of John Maitland, Second Earl and First Duke of Lauderdale’, Journal of Modern History, 20 (1948), 121–2.

15. Macaulay, History of England, II, 663, 670, 781.

16. George Macaulay Trevelyan, The English Revolution 1688–1689 (1938), pp. 63, 64, 69.

17. F. C. Turner, James II (1948), p. 234.

18. J. R. Jones, The Revolution of 1688 in England (1972), pp. 17, 53. See also J. R. Jones, ‘James II's Revolution: Royal Policies, 1686–92,’ in Jonathan I. Israel, ed., The Anglo-Dutch Moment: Essays on the Glorious Revolution and its World Impact (Cambridge, 1991), pp. 47–71.

19. John Miller, James II: A Study in Kingship (Hove, 1978, 3rd edn 2000), pp. 126, 128, 240–1. Cf. John Miller, The Glorious Revolution (1983), p. vii.

20. W. A. Speck, James II: Profiles in Power (2002), p. 149.

21. Trevelyan, English Revolution, p. 64.

22. Jonathan Israel, ‘General Introduction’ to his Anglo-Dutch Moment, p. 5.

23. Cf. Jeremy Black, A System of Ambition? British Foreign Policy 1660–1793 (1991), p. 135.

24. Geoffrey Holmes, The Making of a Great Power: Late Stuart and Early Georgian Britain, 1660–1722 (Harlow, 1993), p. 178.

25. The Diary of Adam de la Pryme, ed. Charles Jackson, Surtees Society, 54 (1870), p. 14.

26. House of Lords, Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 5th series, vol. 472 (17 Mar. 1986), p. 796 (speech of Lord Hailsham); Steven Pincus, ‘The Making of a Great Power? Universal Monarchy, Political Economy, and the Transformation of English Political Culture’, The European Legacy, 5 (2000), 541. See also Jonathan Scott, England's Troubles: Seventeenth-Century English Political Stability in European Context (Cambridge, 2000).

27. J. C. D. Clark, English Society 1688–1832 (Cambridge, 1985).

28. Macaulay, History of England, III, 1306, 1310, 1312; Trevelyan, English Revolution, p. 11.

29. Jennifer Carter, ‘The Revolution and the Constitution’, in Geoffrey Holmes, ed., Britain after the Glorious Revolution, 1689–1714 (1969), pp. 39–58; J. R. Western, Monarchy and Revolution (1972); J. P. Kenyon, Revolution Principles: The Politics of Party 1689–1720 (Cambridge, 1977); Mark Goldie, ‘The Roots of True Whiggism 1688–94’, History of Political Thought, (1980), 195–236; J. R. Jones, ‘The Revolution in Context’, in J. R. Jones, ed., Liberty Secured? Britain Before and After 1688 (Stanford, 1992), pp. 11–52; John Miller, ‘Crown, Parliament, and People’, in Jones, ed., Liberty Secured?, pp. 53–87; Tim Harris, Politics under the Later Stuarts (1993), ch. 5.

30. Lois G. Schwoerer, The Declaration of Rights, 1689 (Baltimore, 1981); W. A. Speck, Reluctant Revolutionaries (Oxford, 1988).

31. Ian B. Cowan, ‘The Reluctant Revolutionaries: Scotland in 1688’, in Eveline Cruickshanks, ed., By Force or By Default? The Revolution of 1688–1689 (Edinburgh, 1989), pp. 65–81; Gordon Donaldson, Scotland: James V to James VII (Edinburgh, 1965), p. 383; Rosalind Mitchinson, Lordship to Patronage: Scotland, 1603–1745 (1983), p. 116.

32. J. G. Simms, Jacobite Ireland, 1685–91 (1969) is the best study of the Revolution in Ireland.

33. Derek Hirst, England in Conflict, 1603–1660 (1999), p. 255.

34. Tim Harris, Restoration: Charles II and His Kingdoms, 1660–85 (2005).

35. Jones, Revolution of 1688, p. 13; David H. Hosford, Nottingham, the Nobles and the North: Aspects of the Revolution of 1688 (Hamden, Conn., 1976).

36. See Harris, Restoration, pp. 22–3, 26, for a discussion of the franchise.

37. Mark Goldie, ‘The Unacknowledged Republic: Officeholding in Early Modern England’, in Tim Harris, ed., The Politics of the Excluded, c. 1500–1850 (Basingstoke, 2001), pp. 153–94 (esp. pp. 161–2).

38. See Harris, Restoration, pp. 67, 194–6.

39. Ibid., pp. 28–9.

40. Ibid., pp. 59, 91, 114.

41. Ibid., p. 29.

42. Ibid., p. 94.

43. Ronald Hutton, Charles II: King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (Oxford, 1989), p. 357.

44. J. R. Jones, Charles II: Royal Politician (1987), p. 162.

45. Black, System of Ambition?, p. 135; Jonathan Israel, ‘General Introduction’, p. 5; Robert Beddard, ed., The Revolutions of 1688 (Oxford, 1988), p. 97; Richard Braverman, Plots and Counterplots: Sexual Politics and the Body Politic in English Literature, 1660–1730 (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 8, 97.

46. Harris, Restoration, p. 25.

47. Parl. Hist., IV, cols. 1116, 1118.

48. Harris, Restoration, pp. 345–56.

49. Ibid., pp. 390–5, 403–5.

50. Ibid., pp. 242–4.

51. Western, Monarchy and Revolution, p. 1; V. F. Snow, ‘The Concept of Revolution in Seventeenth-Century England’, Historical Journal, 5 (1962), pp. 167–74.

52. The State Prodigal His Returne [1689], pp. 1, 3.

53. See Harris, Restoration, pp. 32–6.

54. W. A. Maguire, ed., Kings in Conflict: The Revolutionary War in Ireland and its Aftermath 1689–1750 (Belfast, 1990), p. 3.

1 The Accession of the True and Lawful Heir

1. BL, Add. MSS 41,803, fols. 122, 126, 128, 134, 158, 175; F. C. Turner, James II (1948), p.243; George Hilton Jones, Charles Middleton: The Life and Times of a Restoration Politician (Chicago, 1967), p. 77.

2. HMC, Ormonde, N.S. VII, 331; Clar. Corr., I, 110.

3. An Account of What His Majesty Said at His First Coming to Council (1684[/5]); Lond. Gaz., no. 2006 (5–9 Feb. 1684[/5]); HMC, Egmont, II, 147–8.

4. Life of James II, II, 4; Fountainhall, Hist. Obs., p. 147.

5. Roger L'Estrange, The Observator in Dialogue (3 vols., 1684–7), III, no. 1 (11 Feb. 1684[/5]).

6. Benjamin Camfield, A Sermon Preach'd… at Leicester, February the 10th 1684/5 (1685), p. 20.

7. WYAS, MX/R/35/22.

8. Hunt. Lib., STT 2436, Isaac Tyrwhitt to [Sir Richard Temple?], 10 Feb. 1684[/5].

9. BL, MS Stowe 746, fol. 94.

10. Hunt. Lib., STT 728, Bridgwater to Mr Meedon, 7 Feb. 1684[/5]; Steele, I, nos. 3764, 3772.

11. A. F. Havighurst, ‘James II and the Twelve Men in Scarlet’, Law Quarterly Review, 69 (1953), 524.

12. Morrice, Q, 44.

13. Lond. Gaz., nos. 2009 (16–19 Feb. 1684[/5]) and 2010 (19–23 Feb. 1684[/5]); Evelyn, Diary, IV, 416–17; Turner, James II, pp. 248–52, 366, 384; Steele, III, nos. 2584, 2585.

14. Turner, James II, p. 256.

15. Lond. Gaz., 2013 (2–5 Mar. 1684[/5]); Fountainhall, Hist. Obs., p. 157; HMC, Ormonde, N. S. VII, 335; Luttrell, I, 335.

16. Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 339; James King Hewison, The Covenanters (2 vols., Glasgow, 1908), II, 463.

17. Life of James II, II, 16; Steele, I, no. 3775.

18. Luttrell, I, 329, 330; Evelyn, Diary, IV, 417, 419; HMC, Ormonde, N. S. VII, 322, 324; Havighurst, ‘James II and the Twelve Men in Scarlet’, p. 526.

19. Fountainhall, Hist. Obs., p. 153.

20. Luttrell, I, 332, 337; Fountainhall, Hist. Obs., p. 151; Evelyn, Diary, IV, 416, 419; Charles James Fox, A History of the Early Part of the Reign of James II (1808), app. pp. lxvi-lxvii; Turner, James II, pp. 246–8.

21. HMC, Ormonde, N. S. VII, 317, 320; Letters to Sancroft, p. 77; Fountainhall, Hist. Obs., p. 149.

22. Camfield, Sermon Preach'd… at Leicester, p. 20.

23. Erasmus Warren, Religious Loyalty; Or, Old Allegiance to the New King (1685), epistle dedicatory.

24. Hunt. Lib., HA 656, Sir Henry Beaumont to Huntingdon, 14 Feb. 1684[/5]; NA, SP 31/1, no. 27. For further examples, see BL, Add. MSS 41,803, fols. 138, 148, 152; Camfield, Sermon Preach'd… at Leicester, epistle dedicatory.

25. Lond. Gaz., nos. 2009 (16–19 Feb. 1684[/5]) and 2025 (13–16 Apr. 1685); HMC, Ormonde, N.S. VII, 318, 325; HMC, Laing, I, 427; Luttrell, I, 330; Hunt. Lib., HA 15861, Thomas Stanhope to Sir Arthur Rawdon, 11 Feb. 1684[/5]; Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 339; NLI, MS 2993, P. 55; TCD, MS 1178, fol. 18.

26. This insight comes from David Waldstreicher, ‘Rites of Rebellion, Rites of Assent: Celebrations, Print Culture and the Origins of American Nationalism’, Journal of American History, 82 (1995), 37–61.

27. Dorset RO, DC/LR/N23/3, fol. 32. Cf. Berks. RO, H/FAci, fol. 81 and microfilm T/F41, fol. 261.

28. See, for example, Lond. Gaz., nos. 2008 (12–16 Feb. 1684[/5]), 2012 (26 Feb.–2 Mar. 1684[/5]) and 2028 (23–27 Apr. 1685); BL, Add. MSS 41,803, fol. 138.

29. Ireland's Lamentation (1689), p. 7.

30. R. A. Houston, Social Change in the Age of Enlightenment: Edinburgh, 1660–1760 (Oxford, 1994), p. 52.

31. Fountainhall, Hist. Obs., p. 148.

32. NLI, MS 1793, proclamation no. 40 reverse. Cf. Cox, Hibernia Anglicana… Second Part, ‘Transactions since 1653’, p. 16, which retrospectively claims that James was proclaimed in Dublin ‘with such dismal Countenances, and so much Concern, as if they had that day foreseen (as many did) the Infelicity of the following Reign’.

33. Hunt. Lib., HA 15862, Thomas Stanhope to Sir Arthur Rawdon, 21 Feb. 1684[/5]; TCD, MS 1178, fols. 18, 20.

34. Lond. Gaz., no. 2028 (23–27 Apr. 1685); Morrice, P, 458.

35. Lond. Gaz., nos. 2028–2033 (23–27 Apr. to 11–14 May 1685). For additional celebrations at Leicester, York and Durham, see Hunt. Lib., HA 8417, Thomas Ludlam to Huntingdon, 25 Apr. 1685; WYAS, MX/R/35/4, George Butler to Sir John Reresby, 27 Apr. 1685; Margaret Smillie Child, ‘Prelude to Revolution: The Structure of Politics in County Durham, 1678–88,’ unpub. Ph.D. thesis, University of Maryland (1972), pp. 98–9.

36. LC, MSS 18,124, IX, fol. 195.

37. RPCS, 1685–6, p. 281; HMC, Ormonde, N.S. VII, 340; Council Books of the Corporation of Waterford 1662–1700, ed. Seamus Pender (Dublin, 1964), pp. 254–5; The Council Book of the Corporation of Youghall, from 1610… to 1800, ed. Richard Caulfield (Guildford, 1878), pp. 366–7.

38. East Sussex RO, Rye 1/17, p. 113; Berks. RO, W/FVc 28 (Mr Jell's account in the year 1685).

39. Lond. Gaz., nos. 2024 (9–13 Apr. 1685) and 2035 (18–21 May 1685).

40. Ibid., nos. 2014 (5–9 Mar. 1684[/5]) and 2020 (26–30 Mar. 1685).

41. Ibid., no. 2018 (19–23 Mar. 1684[/5]).

42. HMC, Ormonde, N.S. VII, 322.

43. Lond. Gaz., no. 2015 (9–12 Mar. 16841[/5]).

44. The Life of John Sharp, D.D. Lord Archbishop of York, ed. Thomas Newsome (2 vols., 1825), I, 63–4.

45. Lond. Gaz., nos. 2016 (12–16 Mar. 1684[/5]) and 2020 (26–30 Mar. 1685).

46. Ibid., no. 2012 (26 Feb.–2 Mar. 1684[/5]).

47. Ibid., nos. 2008 (12–16 Feb. 1684[/5]), 2012 (26 Feb.–2 Mar. 1684[/5]), 2014 (5–9 Mar. 1684[/5]) and 2019 (23–26 Mar. 1685).

48. Ibid., nos. 2016 (12–16 Mar. 1684[/5]), 2019 (23–26 Mar. 1685) and 2022 (2–6 Apr. 1685).

49. Dorset RO, DC/LR/A3/1, Addresses Book, p. 7; Lond. Gaz., no. 2015 (9–12 Mar. 1684[/5]); Henning, House of Commons, I, 217.

50. Lond. Gaz., nos. 2020 (26–30 Mar. 1685) and 2027 (20–23 Apr. 1685).

51. Dorset RO, D/FSI, Box 238, bundle 22, Dean of Sarum to Sir Stephen Fox ‘about his Addresse’, 12 Aug. 1685. For the address, see Lond. Gaz., no. 2022 (2–6 Apr. 1685).

52. Hunt. Lib., HA 8408, Thomas Ludlam to Huntingdon, 14 Feb. 1684[/5]; Hunt. Lib., HA 656, Sir Henry Beaumont to Huntingdon, 14 Feb. 1684[/5].

53. Reresby, Memoirs, pp. 359, 360; Lond. Gaz., no. 2027 (20–23 Apr. 1685).

54. BL, Add. MSS 41,803, fol. 138.

55. HMC, Ormonde, N.S., VII, 329–30.

56. Lond. Gaz., nos. 2014 (5–9 Mar. 1684[/5]), 2018 (19–23 Mar. 1684[/5]) and 2025 (13–16 Apr. 1685).

57. Ibid., nos. 2013 (2–5 Mar. 1684[/5]) and 2014 (5–9 Mar. 1684[/5]).

58. Ibid., no. 2018 (19–23 Mar. 1684[/5]); Hunt. Lib., EL 8435, ‘The State of the Burrough of Aylesbury’ [1685]; Henning, House of Commons, I, 139.

59. Lond. Gaz., no. 2013 (2–5 Mar. 1684[/5]).

60. Ibid., nos. 2013 (2–5 Mar. 1684[/5]), 2020 (26–30 Mar. 1685) and 2030 (30 Apr.–4 May 1685).

61. Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub., V, 356–7; Council Books of Waterford, p. 252; NLI, MS 2993, p. 56.

62. [William King], The State of the Protestants of Ireland under the Late King James's Government (1691), p. 183.

63. BL, MS Lansdowne 1152A, fol. 404.

64. Henning, House of Commons, I, 40, 47; Tim Harris, Politics under the Later Stuarts (1993), p. 120.

65. Evelyn, Diary, IV, 419; Merc. Ref., I, no. 12 (24 July 1689).

66. CSPD, 1685, p. 21 (no. 94); R. H. George, ‘Parliamentary Elections and Electioneering in 1685’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 4th series, 29 (1936), pp. 169–72; Victor Stater, Noble Government: The Stuart Lord Lieutenancy and the Transformation of English Politics (Athens, Ga., 1994), pp. 156–7; G. W. Keeton, Lord Chancellor Jeffreys and the Stuart Cause (1965), pp. 248–51; W. A. Speck, Reluctant Revolutionaries (Oxford, 1988), pp. 44–5; J. P. Kenyon, Robert Spencer, Second Earl of Sunderland 1641–1702 (1958), pp. 114–15.

67. Henning, House of Commons, I, 271–2.

68. Luttrell, I, 341.

69. Henning, House of Commons, I, 272; George, ‘Parliamentary Elections’, pp. 176–8.

70. Hunt. Lib., HA 1248, Lawrence Carter to Huntingdon, 14 Mar. 1684[/5]; Hunt. Lib., HA 4, Sir Edward Abney to Huntingdon, 21 Mar. 1684[/5].

71. Hunt. Lib., HA 7744, Gervase Jaquis to Huntingdon, 28 Mar. 1685; Hunt. Lib., HA 1250, Lawrence Carter to Huntingdon, 28 Mar. 1685; Hunt. Lib., HA 8416, Thomas Ludlam to Huntingdon, 30 Mar. 1685.

72. Henning, House of Commons, I, 152; Victoria County History, Chester, II, 118; L'Estrange, Observator, III, no. 25 (4 Apr. 1685).

73. L'Estrange, Observator, III, no. 25 (4 Apr. 1685).

74. Henning, House of Commons, I, 351, 388; Wood, Life and Times, III, 137; Fountainhall, Hist. Obs., p. 157; BL, Add. MSS 34,508, fol. 11 (which reports the demonstration as taking place at Newcastle upon Tyne); BL, MS Althorp C2, 23 Mar. 1684/5, John Wilmington to Halifax.

75. Tim Harris, Restoration: Charles II and His Kingdoms, 1660–85 (2005), pp. 162, 200.

76. Henning, House of Commons, I, 65, 66, 106.

77. Warren, Religious Loyalty, quotes on pp. 5, 14–15, 21, 23, 24, 26–7

78. John Curtois, A Discourse Shewing That Kings when Dead are Lamented (1685), quotes from subtitle and pp. 11–2, 19.

79. James Canaries, A Sermon Preach'd at Selkirk Upon the 29th of May, 1685 (Edinburgh, 1685); [Edward Wetenhall], Hexapla Jacobaea (1686); Philp O'Regan, Archbishop William King of Dublin (1650–1729) and the Constitution in Church and State (Dublin, 2000), pp. 19–20.

80. Curtois, Discourse, p. 10.

81. Canaries, Sermon… Upon the 29th of May, 1685, pp. 19–22.

82. James Ellesby, The Doctrine of Passive Obedience (1685), preface, pp. 2, 19. Ellesby claimed that the sermon had first been preached some years before, and had gone to press before Charles II's death. The preface is dated 9 February 1684[/5].

83. Francis Turner, A Sermon Preached before their Majesties K. James II and Q. Mary, at their Coronation (1685), pp. 24, 25–6.

84. Canaries, Sermon… Upon the 29th of May, 685, pp. 11–12, 14–15.

85. William Sherlock, A Sermon Preached… Before the Honourable House of Commons (1685), pp. 26–7, 30, 31–2.

86. BL, Add MSS 41,803, fol. 163.

87. Hunt. Lib., HA 8410, Ludlam to Huntingdon, 18 Feb. 1684[/5]; Hunt. Lib., HA 8411, Ludlam to Lawrence Carter, 21 Feb. 16841/5]; Hunt. Lib., HA 8412, Ludlam to Huntingdon, 21 Feb. 1684[/5].

88. East Sussex RO, QR/E/225/118, 132.

89. NA, SP 31/1, no. 52A.

90. Centre for Kentish Studies, Q/SB/17/1.

91. WYAS, MX/R/30/2, John Peables to Reresby, 19 Feb. 1684[/5].

92. CLRO, Sessions File, April 1685, indictment of Thomas Smith.

93. Bodl., MS Ballard 12, fol. 9.

94. CLRO, Sessions File, April 1685, indictment of Christopher Smitten.

95. CLRO, Sessions File, July 1685, rec. 99.

96. Portsmouth Record Series: Borough Sessions Papers, 1653–1688, ed. M. J. Hoad (Chichester, 1971), p. 129.

97. Curtois, Discourse, epistle dedicatory. This sermon was initially preached in his own parish church of Branston on 8 February (the Sunday after Charles II's death), and is discussed on p. 58.

98. CLRO, Sessions File, Feb. 1685, recognizance 4; CLRO, Sessions File, Apr. 1685, indictment of John Paine.

99. NA, SP 31/1, no. 19.

100. NA, SP 31/1, no. 29.

101. Depositions from the Castle of York, Surtees Society, 40 (1861), p. 276, note.

102. LMA, MJ/SR/1682, Oyer and Terminer, indictment of Deborah Hawkins.

103. Somerset RO, QR/W/174, nos. 54, 114.

104. Fountainhall, Hist. Obs., p. 157. For other pro-Monmouth sentiment at this time, see Robin Clifton, The Last Popular Rebellion: The Western Rising of 1685 (1984), p. 157.

105. West Sussex RO, QR/W/174, no. 115.

106. LC, MSS 18,124, IX, fol. 204; Lyme Letters 1660–1760, ed. Lady Newton (1925), p. 132; Fountainhall, Hist. Obs., p. 164.

107. Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 345.

108. RPCS, 1685–6, pp. 50–2, 554–5.

109. Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 355.

Notes