Notes

INTRODUCTION

‘Famous’. Cited in Pimlott, p.180.

‘The English like’. Charlot, p.26.

happy anticipation. Pimlott, pp.33, 41.

a deep injury. See Marcus.

‘I gyve no licence’. Wayne, p.19.

‘It is a thing’. Knox, p.8.

authoritative as … male monarch. See Jordan.

‘and though I am’. Elizabeth I, Collected Works (henceforth, C. W.), p.97.

‘If by chance’. Maisse, p.11.

‘Never any woman’. Bucholz, ‘“Nothing but Ceremony”’, p.292.

‘All the film’. Cited in Pimlott, p.181.

‘The Queen is most anxious’. Hardie, Queen Victoria, p.140.

‘I regret exceedingly’. Hibbert, Queen Victoria in her Letters and Journals (henceforth, Journal), p.126.

‘We are not’. Hardie, Queen Victoria, p.159.

‘the heart’. C. W., pp.325–6.

‘an old English’. Doebner, pp.107–9.

‘As I know’. Gregg, p.152.

‘I really cannot say’. Journal, p.34.

‘There is a strong idea’. Levin, Heart and Stomach of a King, p.49.

‘To conclude’. C.W. p.59.

tap into the emotional. See Bell.

bejewelled statue. McClure and Headlam Wells, p.64; Hackett, p.7.

England’s impregnability … nation’s welfare. Hackett, p.117.

‘Whilst a female’. Munich, p.9.

‘I am every day’. Munich, p.190.

‘richly apparelled’. Carter, p.18.

‘I think these ladies’. Journal, p.113.

‘I will greatlie’. Knox, p.9.

fun in bed. Thompson, p.43.

Only Elizabeth II. Turner, pp.46–7.

‘Queen and mother’. Malfatti, The Accession, p.66.

‘though after my’. C. W., p.72.

it ‘shall be my endeavour’. Brown, p.232.

‘There is no jewel’. C. W., pp.335–40.

the legacy of childless. See Levin, ‘Queens and Claimants’.

‘sightings’. Ibid.

‘I know also that’. C. W., p.71.

‘And for a woman’. Journal, p.228.

National Federation. Pimlott, p.188.

The Lancet, Ibid.

Part One: House of Tudor

Abbreviations

C.S. Camden Society

C.S.P. Dom. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of the Reigns of Edward VI, Mary and Elizabeth, 1547–1580

C. W. Elizabeth I, Collected Works

H. O. A Collection of Ordinances and Regulations for the Government of the Royal Household

L.P. Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII, 1509–47

P.P.E. Princess Mary. Privy Purse Expenses of Princess Mary, daughter of King Henry VIII, afterwards Queen Mary: With a Memoir of the Princess, and Notes

Sp. Cal. Calendar of Letters, Despatches and State Papers, relating to the Negotiations between England and Spain

Ven. Cal. Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts, Relating to English Affairs, Existing in the Archives and Collections of Venice

Mary I

CHAPTER 1: PRINCESS

glorious May. Hall, p.582.

‘God give’. Erickson, p.18.

‘Had it been a son’. Ibid.

deep injury. Marcus, p.403.

Katherine regaled. Richards, ‘Mary Tudor: Renaissance Queen’, pp.35–6.

Instructions for Mary’s. P.P.E. Princess Mary, pp.xli–xlii.

gold spangles. Ibid., pp.xxv–xxix.

Feast of the Epiphany. Hutton, p.16.

‘Priest, priest!’ Giustinian, p.161.

Dressed in cloth of gold. Carter, p.9.

slipped the ring. Guistinian, p.225.

ladies at the hall. Hall, p.635.

‘the young princess’. Strickland, Vol.V, p.145.

‘to use moderate’. Madden, pp.xli–xlii.

Katherine herself … best educated. For Katherine’s education see Richards, ‘Mary Tudor: Renaissance Queen’, pp.27–43.

Vives. See Watson.

‘a woman is a fraile’. Scaglini, p.61.

‘I gyve no licence’. Wayne, p.19.

‘For it shall be’. Crawford, p.177.

‘her cap and the net’. Erickson, pp.71–2.

CHAPTER 2: BASTARD

‘Although we have had’. Strickland, p.157.

she might go to her daughter. L.P., V, p.238.

clothes fit for a princess. Ibid., pp.210–11, 243.

christening robe. Eustace Chapuys to Emperor Charles. Sp. Cal., IV, ii, p.756.

‘give her too much dinner’. Ibid., p.1058.

‘Am I not a man’. Ibid., p.629.

‘Have you no message?’ Ibid., p.894.

forced to dine. Ibid., pp.898–9.

leads of the roof. Sp. Cal., V, i, p.4.

‘even if Mary were only’. L.P., VII, p.214.

‘the cursed bastard’. Sp. Cal., IV, ii, pp.898–9.

Mary haughtily. L.P., VII, p.127.

cross the Channel. L.P., X, p.116.

they hoped she would die. L.P., VIII, pp.76–7.

‘She is my death’. Prescott, p.83.

A little comfort. Queen Katherine to Cromwell. L.P., VII, p.1126; Everett Wood, p.206.

‘She is of such high courage’. Plowden, Tudor Women, p.67.

‘for if I have a son’. Prescott, p.88.

a last loving. Crawford, pp.179–80.

‘Nobody dared speak’. L.P., X, p.402.

‘humbly beseeching’. Ibid., p.424.

‘most humbly prostrate’. Ibid., p.477.

‘the utmost my conscience’. Ibid., p.466.

Furious, Cromwell. L.P., X, p.467.

‘without adding or minishing’ Ibid., p.474.

‘the said lady Mary … monster’. Ibid., p.422.

He would knock. L.P., VI, p.69.

Chapuys advised … submit. L.P., VII, p.254.

‘There was nothing … conversing’. Sp. Cal., II, p.199.

‘such a child toward’. L.P., XI, p.55.

bespoke wooden chair. Erickson, p.222.

Mary’s Privy Purse expenses. Listed in P.P.E. Princess Mary.

‘it is not comely for a mayde’. Cited in Wayne, p.23.

CHAPTER 3: REBEL

ejecting foul greenish-yellow. Scheyfve to Emperor Charles. Sp. Cal., XI, p.35.

he had virtually eradicated. Hutton, p.85.

the parish churches. Wriothesley, ii, p.83.

‘I will see my laws’. Sp. Cal., X, p.212.

all ostentatiously sporting. Diary of Henry Machyn, pp.4–5.

‘There are two things’. Sp. Cal., X, pp.212–13.

‘the Duke of Northumberland … went to receive her’. Sp. Cal., XI, p.8.

Northumberland ‘has found means’. Ibid., XI, p.35.

‘What shall I do with it?’ Plowden, Lady Jane Grey, p.80.

the baker. Ibid., p.82.

Roger Ascham. Williams, p.397.

It was obvious. Sp. Cal., XI, p.46.

Ostensibly they were to enquire. Ibid., p.63.

‘sightings’ of the boy-King. Levin, ‘Queens and Claimants.’

she was all for proclaiming. Sp. Cal., XI, p.74.

‘For whereas I might take upon me’. Statement of Lady Jane Grey to Queen Mary, 1553. Everett Wood, pp.274–9.

‘Today I saw Lady Jane’. Cited in opening page of Plowden, Lady Jane Grey.

no one cried ‘Long live’. Sp. Cal., XI, p.80.

the senior men of her household. For a discussion of the assembling of Mary’s Council see Hoak, ‘Two Revolutions in Tudor Government’.

‘to cause our right’. Sp. Cal., XI, pp.82–3; Richards, ‘Mary Tudor: Renaissance Queen’, p.32.

He warned her to ‘cease’. Sp. Cal., XI, pp.82–3.

‘the best manne’. Chronicle, p.5.

the only intention of the French. Harbison, p.49.

‘the people press’. Chronicle, p.6; Wriothesley, ii, p.87.

‘We believe that my Lady’. Sp. Cal., XI, p.88.

that Mary’s ‘forces’. Sp. Cal., XI, p.94.

‘There was such a shout’. Chronicle, pp.11–13; Wriothesley, ii, pp.88–9.

‘Men ran hither’. Sp. Cal., XI, p.108.

‘to recall that in all her own miseries’. Harbison, p.54.

‘the English third estate’. Ibid., p.55.

‘Vox populi’. Ibid., p.56.

CHAPTER 4: MARY THE QUEEN

Description of Mary. Ven. Cal., V, p.532.

‘she is a seemly’. Williams, p.398.

‘a gowne of purple’. Wriothesley, ii, p.93; Carter; Richards, ‘Mary Tudor as “Sole Quene”?’, p.885.

‘The queen’s grace stayed’. Chronicle, p.14.

A royal entry. See Smuts, p.78.

‘full of people shoutinge’. Wriothesley, ii, p.95.

‘like great thunder’. Ibid.

to ‘take great care at the outset’. Sp. Cal., XI, pp.110–11.

‘if she inaugurates’. Ibid., pp.116–17.

it forbade ‘her subjects’. Williams, V, p.859.

The customary ritual. Richards, ‘Mary Tudor as “Sole Quene”?’, p.895.

‘a litter decked’. Malfatti, The Accession, p.31.

Elizabeth followed close. Ibid., p.33.

‘the Queen kept kneeling’. Ibid., p.34.

‘Her Majesty ascended’. Strong, Coronation, pp.133–5.

‘a stone chair’. Sp. Cal., XI, p.262.

wild boar. Ibid., p.257.

Act declaring. An Act Declaring the Queen’s Highness to Have Been Born in a Most Just and Lawful Matrimony. St.1 Mary, St. 2c.1, 1553 (Stat. Realm, IV, I, 201), Williams, pp.460–3.

allowed Arundel. Sp. Cal., XI, p. 260.

CHAPTER 5: THE SPANISH MARRIAGE

Mary’s natural advisers. See Hoak, ‘Two Revolutions in Tudor Government’, p.88.

‘She is of very spare’. Ven. Cal., V, p.532.

‘Let her be in all things’. Sp. Cal., XI, pp.110–11.

‘Your Majesty could but be’. Ibid., p.131.

‘As for the suggestion of marriage’. Ibid., XI, p.132.

she was ‘thirty-seven’. Ibid.

‘entering it by the gallery’. Ibid., p.288.

‘If he were disposed’. Ibid., p.290.

‘She would wholly love’. Ibid.

‘She felt inspired’. Ibid., p.328.

Playing on Mary’s pride. Ibid., p.364.

‘it would burden’. Ibid., p.395.

‘Parliament was not accustomed’. Ibid., p.364. Harbison, p.92.

anti-Spanish sentiment. Starkey, Elizabeth, p.129.

Small boys pelted. Chronicle, p.34.

‘Queen and mother’. Mary’s Guildhall speech is cited in Tytler, ii, p.281. Wriothesley, ii, pp.108–9; Malfatti, The Accession, p.66.

‘considered herself his Highness’s wife’. Sp. Cal., XII, p.79.

The hundred-odd rebels. Harbison, p.136.

CHAPTER 6: EXIT JANE

Mary was forced to agree. Malfatti, The Accession, p.44.

Jane had dressed entirely. Chronicle, p.25.

‘Woe worth him!’ Ibid.

Jane told Feckenham. Malfatti, The Accession, p.44.

‘Father, although’. Levin, ‘Lady Jane Grey’, p.101.

Guildford Dudley. Chronicle, p.55.

‘sent her word’, Malfatti, The Accession, p.48.

‘Good people’. Ibid., p.56.

‘What shall I do?’ Ibid.

‘Live still to die’. Ibid., p.57.

CHAPTER 7: THE PHANTOM PREGNANCY

Philip was bringing. Sp. Cal., XII, p.85.

‘often subject to’. Williams, p.400.

marriage treaty. Sp. Cal., XII, p.287.

she metaphorically emasculated. Richards, ‘Mary Tudor: Renaissance Queen’.

When he read the treaty. Harbison, p.106.

‘You will send’. Sp. Cal., XI, p.407.

‘You have not privately’. Everett Wood, p.291.

‘repayre to the Cittie’. Wriothesley, ii, p.118.

‘He went straight’. Chronicle, p.140.

Philip’s meeting with Mary is described in Malfatti, The Accession, pp.83–4.

‘Good night’. Chronicle, p.140.

‘The Queen is a very’. Sp. Cal., XIII, p.2.

‘To speak frankly’. Chronicle, p.140.

‘The Queen, however’. Sp. Cal., XIII, p.31.

‘if she dressed’. Ibid., XIII, p.2

‘The Queen is a good soul’. Ibid., p.35.

‘her tailor’. Malfatti, The Accession, p.86.

‘Interest is a powerful’. Sp. Cal., XIII, p.2.

Like a queen consort. Richards, ‘Mary Tudor as “Sole Quene”?’ p.895.

‘went forth with’. Malfatti, The Accession, p.86.

‘she had her hair’. Ibid., pp.83–4.

Just as her mother. Starkey, Six Wives, p.59.

a simple gold band. Chronicle, p.141.

worldly goods. Richards, ‘Mary Tudor as “Sole Quene”?’ p.895.

the ‘King went up … altar’. The wedding is described in Sp. Cal., XIII, pp.10–11.

‘Philip and Marie’. Chronicle, p.142.

‘They are neither beautiful’. Sp. Cal., XIII, p.31.

‘What happened that night’. Malfatti, The Accession, p.88.

Philip’s Spanish entourage. Ibid.

‘This match’. Sp. Cal., XIII, p.31.

‘He treats the Queen’. Ibid., p.26.

unfitted for the task. Harbison, p.196.

Philip had no image. Loades, ‘Philip II’, p.192.

‘The English hate’. Sp. Cal., XIII, p.31.

‘If it is true’. Ibid.

‘The Queen is with child’. Ibid.

‘A year has passed’. Ibid., p.53.

‘Affairs are not settled’. Sp. Cal., XII, p.125.

‘There is no doubt’. Sp. Cal., XIII, p.78.

‘she is fatter’. Ibid., p.85.

phantom pregnancy. See Maclennan.

‘And see how’. Richards, ‘“To Promote a Woman”’, p.114.

‘If it please the Queene’. H.O., p.125.

A vast gathering of ladies. Maclennan, p.70; Ven. Cal., VI, i, p.147.

‘by private stairs’. Ibid., p.61.

Giovanni Michiel. Ibid., p.57.

‘On the last day’. Ibid., p.60.

‘Everything in this kingdom’. Sp. Cal., XIII, p.51.

‘one single hour’s’. Ven. Cal., VI, i, p.93.

‘It is almost incredible’. Sp. Cal., XIII, p.224.

Frideswide Strelly. Ven. Cal., VI, i, pp.147–8.

drop down on a cushion. Erickson, p.415.

‘is now unaccountably’. Ven. Cal., VI, i, p.140.

‘the pregnancy will end’. Ibid., p.148.

same dynastic marriage trap. See Marcus.

phantom pregnancy. For an explanation of pseudo (false), kyesis (pregnancy), see Brown and Barglow.

‘As may be imagined’. Ven. Cal., VI, i, p.174.

‘she gave free vent’. Ibid., p.178.

CHAPTER 8: THE BURNINGS

Pole received the submission. Sp. Cal., XIII, p.107.

‘I cannot burn’. Ridley, Bloody Mary’s Martyrs, p.118.

‘Sire: the people’. Sp. Cal., XIII, p.147.

CHAPTER 9: THE LEGACY

‘In the name of God’. Mary’s will is cited in Loades, Mary Tudor, Appendix 3, pp.370–87.

‘many little children’. Henry Clifford, p.70.

the Catholic Queen. Ibid., p.71.

‘The Calais question’. Sp. Cal., XIII, p.437.

‘nothing but mere’. Ibid., p.271.

‘that she has been seen’. Erickson, p.447.

rarely went on progress. Henry Clifford, p.64.

ceremonial duties. Robinson, pp.25–6, 29–31.

‘I am not moved’. Sp. Cal., XIII, p.271.

‘the Queen’s desire’. Ibid., p.290.

summoning individual. Harbison, p.326.

‘A woman is never’. Sp. Cal., XIII, p.248.

‘Not that only … Calais’. Erickson, p.479.

‘in which you send me news’. Sp. Cal., XIII, p.340.

‘The one thing’. Ibid., p.367.

she ‘now realized’. Ibid., p.379.

reign ended in sterility. Harbison, p.332.

Mary’s reputation. See John King, ‘Fiction and Fact’, and Haller.

‘Be of good comfort’. Cited in John King, ‘Fiction and Fact’, p.15.

the cruel practices’. Ibid., p.26.

‘the horrible and bloudy’. Foxe, 1563 edn, p.889.

‘by calling to his mercy’. Rowse, ‘Accession of Queen Elizabeth I’, p.297.

John Knox. Knox, p.12.

Elizabeth I

CHAPTER 10: THE LITTLE BASTARD

‘to the great disappointment’. Mumby, p.3.

The Lord Mayor. The christening is described in Nichols, I, pp.1–2; Hall, pp.242–4.

‘God of his infinite’. Cited in Starkey, Six Wives, p.510.

little caps of purple. Arnold, Queen Elizabeth’s Wardrobe, p.3.

‘his little bastard’. L.P., X, p.51.

clad in yellow. Ibid.

her mother allegedly. Alexander Ales to Queen Elizabeth. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of Elizabeth, 1303, p.527.

‘neither potency’. L.P., X, pp.374, 378.

‘my lady Elizabeth is put’. Mumby, pp.16–18; L.P., VIII, pp.172–3.

maleness. See Taylor-Smith, p.52.

‘If she be no worse’. Starkey, Elizabeth, p.26.

‘we are more bound’. C. W., p.34.

It was almost certainly … eaten with him. Starkey, Elizabeth, p.30.

‘She prides’. Ven. Cal., VI, ii, p.1059.

‘void’. Starkey, Elizabeth, p.49.

evidence of the handwriting. Ibid.

‘which I know in many places’. Princess Elizabeth to Queen Katherine. C. W., pp.6–7.

‘To the most illustrious’. C. W., pp.9–10.

‘May I … be indebted’. Ibid.

CHAPTER 11: THE AFFAIR

‘For the face’. C. W. p.35; Arnold, Queen Elizabeth’s Wardrobe, p.18.

Elizabeth replied. Mumby, pp.32–3.

‘Kat Aschlye tolde’. Sheila Cavanagh, ‘The Bad Seed’, p.10.

‘He wold come’. Mumby, p.34.

‘Although I could not’. C. W., p.17.

‘You may have him’. Ibid., p.25.

‘When that comes’. Mumby, p.46.

‘She hath a very good wit’. Strickland, IV, p.35.

When Sir Anthony Denny. Starkey, Elizabeth, pp.79–80.

‘And as concerning Kat’. C. W., pp.22–4.

‘Master Tyrwhit and others’. Ibid.; Perry, pp.60–2.

‘breeding of an evil’. Perry, p.63.

‘because that she hath been’. Ibid., pp.64–5.

‘it shall and doth’. Ibid.

‘she read the orations’. Strickland, IV, pp.50–1.

‘with respect to personal’. Ibid.

for the whole of Edward’s. Arnold, Queen Elizabeth’s Wardrobe, p.4; Strickland, IV, pp.54–5.

‘with their hair’. Perry, p.72.

‘with a great suite’. Ibid., p.69.

‘but the best is’. Ibid., p.77.

an escort of 2,000. Ibid., p.83.

CHAPTER 12: THE SUSPECT

Kneeling before her. Sp. Cal., XI, p.220.

‘all the way to the church’. Strickland, IV, p.64; Sp. Cal., XI, p.220.

‘it would burden her conscience’. Sp. Cal., XI, p.395.

‘she very courteously’. Ibid., p.418.

‘not to believe anyone’. Ibid.

‘There is no persuading’. Ibid.

‘ornaments for’. Ibid., p.440.

Mary had written. Mumby, p.99.

two of the royal. Sp. Cal., XII, p.125.

‘her countenance’. Ibid.

Elizabeth was not permitted. Sp. Cal., XII, p.125.

‘that she did thank’. Chronicle, pp.68–70.

Arms and provisions. Starkey, Elizabeth, p.126.

‘that a king’s word’. C. W., pp.41–2; Perry, p.93.

Elizabeth Sandes. Freeman, p.109.

‘Oh Lord!… yt needed not’. Chronicle, pp.70–1.

Elizabeth did not enter. Starkey, Elizabeth, p.143.

‘she was a kinges’. Cited in Starkey, Elizabeth, p.144.

At first Elizabeth feigned. Starkey, p.145.

There is a pretty. Perry, p.97.

‘This night I think’. Cited in Starkey, Elizabeth, p.150.

gifts of cakes. Perry, p.98.

‘has contrived to ingratiate’. Ven. Cal., VI, i, p.57.

Dudley-Ashton. Starkey, Elizabeth, pp.194–202.

Elizabeth contemplated leaving. Ibid., p.211.

When she moaned. Ibid., pp.224–5.

‘we laughed … She is a very vain’. Perry, p.125.

The men he guessed. Ibid.

‘My lords, the law of nature’. Harington, I, pp.66–7; C. W., pp.51–2; Perry, pp.129–30.

CHAPTER 13: QUEEN

The first official act. Starkey, Elizabeth, pp.252–4, 257–8.

‘Mary’s accession speech’ – and comparisons with Elizabeth’s. See Richards, ‘Love and the Female Monarch’.

‘I give you this charge’. C. W., p.51; Harington, I, p.68.

‘to have more natural … multitude’. C. W., p.3.

she ‘seems to me incomparably’. Mumby, p.274.

‘We princes are set’. C. W., p.189.

‘to succeed happily’. Cited in Starkey, Elizabeth, p.249.

the Queen stood up. Perry, p.132.

Elizabeth consulted the astrologer. Starkey, Elizabeth, p.265.

Richard Mulcaster’s Account of Queen Elizabeth’s Speech and Prayer During Her Passage Through London to Westminster the Day Before her Coronation, January 14, 1559, C. W., pp.53–5.

‘fyne payntynge’. Hoak, ‘The Coronations’, p.125.

props from the Great Wardrobe. Ibid.

the new monarch … east to west. See Warkentin.

‘The whole court’. Hoak, ‘The Coronations’, p.131.

actors in a theatrical spectacle. Hackett, p.47.

to particular individuals. Hoak, ‘The Coronations’, p.135.

sensitive to strong. See Matthews.

‘very cheerfully’. Ven. Cal., VII, p.17; Rowse, ‘The Coronation of Elizabeth I’, p.303.

Lord Howard. Ven. Cal., VII, p.18.

‘Away with’. Mumby, p.311.

There was only one Jesus. Maisse, p.57.

personal book of prayers. See Haugaard.

CHAPTER 14: FOR A WOMAN TO BEAR RULE

use of rhetoric. See Green.

God’s choice of a weak. Hoak, ‘A Tudor Deborah?’, p.77.

‘God’s Creature’. C. W., p.52.

‘Shall I ascribe’. Ibid., p.204.

the king’s two bodies. Hackett, p.40.

‘And as I am but’. C. W., p.52.

‘I care not for death’. Ibid., p.97.

‘I thank God’. Ibid., p.97.

‘defect’ of her womanhood. Marcus, p.410.

‘the body but of a weak’. C. W., pp.325–6.

sets herself apart … careful to ‘disable’. See Heisch.

‘The weight’. C. W., p.70.

the language of kingship. Marcus, p.411.

‘To be a King’. C. W., p.339.

she found power. Cole, p.5.

Groom of the Stool. Starkey, ‘Representation Through Intimacy’.

‘When the Queen’. Maisse, p.35.

receiving them into the Privy Chamber. Elizabeth’s relationship with the nobility is discussed in Bell.

‘she was both king’. Johnson, p.111.

CHAPTER 15: ONE MISTRESS AND NO MASTER

‘For that she should’. Hackett, p.73.

‘to remayne in that estate’. Ibid., p.52.

marriage ‘is a thing’. Levin, Heart and Stomach of a King, p.49.

‘happily chose’. C. W., pp.56–8.

He who has ‘preserved’. Ibid.

destitute of ‘an heir’. Hackett, p.53.

‘To conclude’. C. W., p.59.

‘Once I am married’. Ibid., p.65.

‘to do nothing’. Ibid., p.57.

Elizabeth was intent. Marcus, pp.400–17.

Anne Twiste. Arnold, Queen Elizabeth’s Wardrobe, p.105.

irregular menstrual. Levin, Heart and Stomach of a King, p.33; Jenkins, Elizabeth and Leicester, p.60.

nephritis. Maclennan, pp.70–1.

‘She is vain’. Jenkins, Elizabeth and Leicester, p.142.

Kat Ashley begged. Perry, p.159.

advanced stages of. Aird, pp.75–6.

death was an accident. Ibid.

Cecil’s part. Perry, p.159; Jenkins, Elizabeth and Leicester, pp.73–5.

‘The Queen of England’. Jenkins, Elizabeth and Leicester, p.84.

she tickled his neck. Melville, p.92.

‘God’s death’. Jenkins, Elizabeth and Leicester, p.158.

‘Nothing is increased’. Doran, ‘Why Did Elizabeth Not Marry?’, p.43.

‘I stood in danger’. C. W., p.96.

‘I am your anointed’. Ibid., p.97.

‘she danced’. Ross, p.176.

I grieve. C. W., pp.302–3.

CHAPTER 16: TWO QUEENS IN ONE ISLE

‘Howsoever it be’. C. W., p.65.

‘I know the inconstancy’. Ibid., p.66.

‘No prince’s revenues’. Ibid.

‘And what danger’. Ibid.

‘she was the fairest’. Melville, pp. 95–7.

‘yonder long’. Ibid., p.92.

‘no woman of spirit’. Ibid.

‘I had secret’. Ibid.

‘the lustiest’. Melville, p.107.

‘I will that you do nothing’. Marshall, p.132.

‘in great mirth’. Melville, p.131.

‘Jesu, Paris’. Marshall, p.144.

‘Pity me’. Ibid., p.147.

‘My ears have been’. C. W., pp.116–17.

‘And then the Queen’. Melville, p.149.

‘Madam, to be plain’. C. W., p.118.

‘Burn the whore!’ Marshall, p.160.

‘For which purpose’. C. W., pp.117–19.

condemned without trial. Ibid., p.189.

‘As a sinner’. Marshall, p.19.

‘Princes, you know’. C. W., p.189.

‘since now it is resolved’ Ibid., p.201.

‘Yea, I protest’. Ibid., p.202.

‘I shall pray you’. Ibid., pp.199–200.

‘God forbid’. Marshall, p.200.

‘the miserable accident’. C. W., p.296.

CHAPTER 17: THE IMAGE OF THE QUEEN

power behind … wife-mother. See Heisch.

‘though after my death’. C. W., p.72.

progress to Norwich. Hackett, p.4.

Queen’s birthday. Hackett, p.83; McClure and Headlam Wells, pp.63–4.

The jewel-encrusted. Frances Yates cited in Hackett, p.7.

‘Hail Mary!’ See Levin, ‘Power, Politics and Sexuality’.

The royal wardrobe … state treasure. Arnold, Queen Elizabeth’s Wardrobe, p.1.

Elizabeth … tailors. Ibid., pp.18, 115.

One of her ladies. Ibid., p.11.

virginity was powerful. Ibid., p.117.

the Queen’s virginity … impregnability. Ibid.

The more precarious. Hackett, p.180; Belsey and Belsey, p.35.

Sieve portrait. Belsey and Belsey, p.35.

Kenilworth. Berry, p.66.

renewed ‘sightings’. Levin, ‘Queens and Claimants’, p.41.

CHAPTER 18: ELIZA TRIUMPHANS

The defeat of the Spanish Armada. For a detailed description of the use of naval tactics and the winds and tides, see Hanson.

‘My loving’. C. W., pp.325–6.

Marvellous, rousing words. See Green.

Cabala. Frye, ‘The Myth of Elizabeth’, p.97.

It is salutary. Hanson, p.346.

The Queen was to be … unified political power. Frye, ‘The Myth of Elizabeth’, pp.107, 114.

The attack on England … rape. Ibid., p.107.

three extant Armada portraits. Ibid.; Belsey and Belsey, pp.11–35.

CHAPTER 19: THE SETTING SUN

she would constantly speak. Maisse, p.38.

‘kept his arithmetic’. Cited in Somerset, p.555.

Lady Mary Howard. Harington, i, p.235; Arnold, Queen Elizabeth’s Wardrobe, p.104.

‘she preserves a great gravity’. Maisse, p.83.

‘Her air was stately’. Arnold, Queen Elizabeth’s Wardrobe, p.10; Rye, p.104.

‘She was strangely attired’. Maisse, p.25.

‘Men do adore’. C. W., p.66.

the voices of reluctant. Cole, pp.89–93.

‘my estate without’. Lee to Cecil cited in Cole, p.90.

‘the Queen is troubled’. Somerset, p.490.

‘if by chance she’. Maisse, p.11.

‘When she is abroad’. Somerset, p.470.

‘seek all England … solicitor’. Ibid., p.504.

‘I have discovered’. Ibid.

‘they laboured under’. Hackett, p.181.

even at the hands of Henry VIII. Somerset, p.518.

‘sue, yield and submit’. Ibid.

‘cannot princes err?’ Hackett, p.181.

‘You have prospered so ill’. Harington, pp.305–6.

Elizabeth ‘newly up’. Somerset, p.534.

the Irish were laughing. Ibid., p.535.

‘kiss her fair’. Somerset, p.537.

‘The madcaps’. Harington, i, pp.317–19.

‘I am Richard II’. Axton, p.2.

‘I do see the Queen’. Harington, i, pp.314–16.

‘The Queen smiled’. Ibid.

‘There is no jewel’. Golden Speech, C. W., pp.335–40.

‘lively wit’. Somerset, p.566.

‘When thou dost’. Perry, p.317.

‘Little man’. Ibid.

‘mildly like a lamb’. Manningham, p.146.

disgracefully neglected. Somerset, p.569.

Part Two: House of Stuart

Mary II

CHAPTER 20: PRINCESS OF ORANGE

Duke’s whore. Edward Clarendon, Vol. 1, pp.377–81.

taken physick. Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, p.331.

the Duke’s pimps. Pepys, Vol.III, p.419.

‘just like an ordinary’. Ibid., Vol.II, p.471.

‘a little child in hanging sleeves’. Ibid., Vol.IV, p.143.

venereal disease. Burnet, History, p.254.

‘That she would’. Coke, Vol.III, p.116.

A courtier. Anthony Hamilton, p.329.

‘Truth’. Burnet, History, p.207.

‘it was much against’. Clarke, Vol.I, p.503.

‘If I had any nuse’. Bathurst Papers, BL Loan 57/69 719B, 76.

patriarchal world. Zook, p.187.

‘all covered’. Evelyn, Vol.II, p.99.

‘Why dear cruel’. Bathurst, p.38.

‘a new playfellow’. Russell, Some Account of the Life, p.7.

‘Who can imagin’. Bathurst Papers, BL Loan 57/69, 168–9, p.51.

‘be content’. Bathurst Papers, BL Loan 57/69 719B, 173; Bathurst, p.66.

‘she wept’. Lake, p.1.

‘Gather it up’. Lake, p.6.

light chatter. Anon, Royal Diary, p.50.

‘the princess was’. Lake, p.22.

‘a very tender parting’. Henry Clarendon, Vol.I, pp.11–12.

‘I suppose you know’. Bathurst, pp.88–9.

‘pray let her’. Dalrymple, Vol.II, Appendices p.155.

‘so satisfied’. Ibid., p.202.

‘had spent the nine’. Haile, p.82.

CHAPTER 21: UNNATURAL DAUGHTER

‘The only thing’. Zee, p.209.

‘I have found nothing’. Bowen, p.116.

‘It gave me’. Burnet, History, pp.458–60.

‘she did not know’. Ibid., p.140.

‘I rendered thanks’. Bowen, p.117.

‘This it has pleased’. Ibid.

‘Besides the interest’. Ibid.

Mary decided to place. Ibid., p.118.

Anne gave or withheld her presence. Bucholz, ‘Queen Anne’, pp.110–11.

‘We must presume’. Dalrymple, Vol.II, Appendices, Appendix Part I, p.231.

‘never once’. Haile, p.192.

‘This evening’. Strickland, Vol.VII, p.146.

‘I am much put’. Haile, p.197.

‘The consideration’. Baxter, p.227.

‘for I cannot talk’. Bowen, p.126.

‘And though I know’. Strickland, Vol.X, p.378.

‘as if someone’. Zee, p.249.

‘I assured him’. Ibid.

‘What God intends’. Ibid.

cards and dancing. Doebner, p.5.

‘Yet when I saw’. Ibid.

‘the thought that’. Ibid.

CHAPTER 22: SOVEREIGN AND CONSORT

hand in hand. Schwoerer, pp.728–9.

‘She came into Whitehall’. Evelyn, Vol.II, pp.289–90.

‘She ran about it’. Marlborough, p.19.

‘She rose early’. Evelyn, Vol.II, pp.289–90.

‘put on a cheerfulness’. Burnet, History, p.523.

‘only for a Regency’. Doebner, p.5.

François Poulain de la Barre, etc. See Schwoerer.

‘gloriously’. Ibid., p.727.

‘chuse a King’. Ibid.

Burnet even argued. Ibid.

‘gentleman usher’. Speck, p.108; Strickland, Vol. X, p.414.

coronation ceremony … subtle details. Schwoerer, pp.729–30.

medals cast. Ibid., p.730.

‘At night’. Strickland, Vol.X, p.414.

‘She smiled’. Evelyn, Vol.II, p.289.

‘a noisy world’. Doebner, p.11.

‘Tell your princess’. Clarke, Vol.II (1816), p.270.

‘I found myself’. Doebner, p.14.

‘on no higher’. Chapman, p.183.

A ‘Moll’. Zook, p.172.

‘Female Parricide’. Ibid., p.172.

‘In all this’. Doebner, p.45.

‘I must tell you’. Marlborough, Memoirs, pp.31–4.

‘women should not meddle’. Doebner, pp.22–3.

‘a woman is but’. Ibid., pp.107–9.

‘I ever fear’. Ibid., p.30.

‘I must grin’. Bowen, p.222.

‘I know I need not beg’. Ibid., p.200.

‘he who I dare no’. Doebner, p.54.

‘Will should have knotted’. Chapman, p.236.

‘I thank you’. Schwoerer, p.740.

she did not ‘reign’. Zook, p.176.

‘never affected’. Ibid.

resembled Het Loo. Janssens-Knorsch, p.277.

Daniel Defoe. Chapman, p.345.

Daniel Marot. Janssens-Knorsch, p.285.

‘to see so little’. Doebner, p.11.

Her account books. Queen Mary’s Account Book, 1678–89, in the Royal Library, Windsor (RC IN 1142245) and The Household Book of Queen Mary II, the Royal Archives, Windsor (RA EB 13).

‘during the whole course’. Burnet, History, p.606.

‘The news will have’. Haile, p.310.

Anne

CHAPTER 23: LADY ANNE

‘I am very glad’. Bryant, p.181.

‘two braceletts’. Gregg, p.9.

‘I abhor’. Brown, p.16.

‘ignorant of everything’. Marlborough, Correspondence, Vol.II, p.146.

‘I am not one’. Brown, p.6.

marrying … George of Hanover. Russell, Some Account of the Life, pp.44–5.

‘had the Danish’. Evelyn, Vol.II, p.184.

‘We talk here’. Bucholz, The Augustan Court, p.17.

‘The Duke of York’. Brown, p.12.

‘My frank’. Marlborough, Memoirs, pp.10–11.

‘I believe you’. Bathurst, p.180.

the Jesuits. Gregg, p.37.

CHAPTER 24: THE CONSPIRATOR

‘I am of your opinion’. Brown, p.17.

‘I have always forgot’. Ibid., p.22.

‘The good Princess’. Russell, Letters, p.103.

‘to suffer’. Letter from John Churchill to Prince William of Orange, 17 May 1687, cited in Gregg, p.49.

‘Pray don’t’. Brown, p.27.

‘I must tell you’. Ibid., p.34.

‘the rumour’. Henry Clarendon, Vol.II, p.169.

‘pressed her to go’. Burnet, History, p.477.

‘Madam, I think’. Clarke, Vol.II, p.329.

‘My dear sister’. Brown, pp.37–8.

‘he would debar’. Clarke, Vol.II, pp.193, 202.

‘depose her own’. Ibid., p.202.

Clarendon. Henry Clarendon, Vol.II, p.196.

‘My lords’. Ibid., p.199; Clarke, Vol.II, p.202.

‘Never was anyone’. Brown, p.44.

Sarah Churchill denied. Marlborough, Memoirs, p.14.

‘I shall not trouble’. Brown, p.44.

‘I have nothing’. Ibid., p.45.

‘Nor did she think’. Marlborough, Memoirs, p.13.

‘My own children’. Zee, p.258.

‘King James was’. Strickland, Vol.VII, p.179.

‘Can you think’. Brown, p.60.

‘the same respect’. Marlborough, Memoirs, p.73.

‘I have been’. Brown, p.52.

James rightly decided. Gregg, p.84.

acute infection. Dewhurst, p.40.

ten further pregnancies. Ibid., p.44.

‘Some days before’. Haile, p.356.

CHAPTER 25: GOOD QUEEN ANNE

‘As I know’. Gregg, p.152; Strickland, Vol.XII, p.40.

‘Never any woman’. Bucholz, ‘“Nothing but Ceremony”’, p.292.

‘As for your’. Brown, p.125.

royal ritual. For the revival of royal ritual and ceremony see Bucholz, ‘“Nothing but Ceremony”’, pp.288–323.

‘There are now’. Ibid., p.298.

‘I desire you would’. Brown, p.185.

‘As long’. Anne to Godolphin, 1 May 1705, Ibid., p.232.

She ‘rules a willing’. Bucholz, ‘Queen Anne’, p.100.

to ‘be Queen of’. Ibid.

‘ye Mercyless men’. Gregg, p.134.

‘it has not been my fault’. Ibid., p.273.

‘I beg my dear’. Ibid., p.173.

Anne ‘wou’d not’. Bucholz, ‘Queen Anne’, p.112.

‘I own I can’. Brown, pp.227–8.

‘I must own’. Ibid., p.129.

‘I can’t forbear’. Ibid.

‘he should do as’. Bucholz, ‘Queen Anne’, p.112.

‘Whoever of the Whigs’. Ibid.

‘All I desire’. Anne to Godolphin, 30 August 1706, Brown, pp.196–7.

‘no more resentments’. Marlborough, Memoirs, p.155.

so lame that. Brown, p.127.

‘Her Majesty’. Clerk, p.62.

‘The poor lady’. Ibid., p.72.

‘she laid down’. Lack of opportunities at court discussed in Bucholz, ‘Queen Anne’, p.100.

‘hunting the stag’. Swift, Swift’s Journal, p.219.

When as Queen Anne. Gregg, p.275.

‘I remember you said’. Ibid.

‘I believe no body’. Anne to Marlborough, 25 October 1709, Brown, pp.285–6.

‘I can’t help’. Gregg, p.302.

‘when people are fond’. Sir David Hamilton, p.12.

‘she would not build’. Gregg, p.329.

‘is of the first quality’. Sir David Hamilton, p.38.

‘the Pretender’. Ibid., p.44.

‘I believe sleep’. Dr Arbuthnot to Jonathan Swift, 12 August 1714, Swif, Correspondence, Vol.II, p.122.

nostalgia for the days of ‘Good Queen Anne’. Bucholz, ‘Queen Anne’, p.104.

Part Three: House of Hanover

Abbreviations

Journal. Christopher Hibbert, Queen Victoria in her Letters and Journals

Girlhood. Viscount Esher, The Girlhood of Queen Victoria: A Selection from Her Majesty’s Diaries 1832–40

Letters. Queen Victoria, The Letters of Queen Victoria, First Series, 1837–61

Dearest Child. Roger Fulford, Dearest Child: Letters Between Queen Victoria and the Princess Royal 1858–61

Dearest Mama. Roger Fulford, Dearest Mama: Letters Between Queen Victoria and the Crown Princess of Prussia 1861–64

Your Dear Letter. Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the Crown Princess of Prussia 1865–71, edited by Roger Fulford (Evans Brothers, 1971)

Greville. The Greville Memoirs

Victoria

CHAPTER 26: KENSINGTON GIRL

‘a pretty little’. Stockmar, Vol.1, p.50.

‘As for the payment’. Cited in Charlot, p.20.

‘Look at her’. Longford, Victoria, p.29.

‘I never had a room’. Disraeli, Vol.1, p.309.

‘I had led a very unhappy’. Dearest Child, p.111.

‘I love him so’. Charlot, p.79.

‘father, my protector’. Dearest Child, pp.111–12.

‘No lady, and still less’. Journal, p.107.

crawling on a yellow. Journal, p.9.

‘My dear little heart’. Charlot, p.58.

‘You must not touch’. Longford, Victoria, p.33.

Lord Albemarle. Charlot, p.53.

‘When we arrived’. Journal, p.10.

‘Pop her in!’ Ibid.

‘extract about Queen Anne’. Letters, Vol.1, p.50.

‘I see I am nearer’. Cited in Charlot, p.51.

‘an accurate knowledge’. Ibid., p.50.

the plainness of the English. Ibid., p.51.

‘Good heavens!’ Thompson, p.93.

witnessing ‘familiarities’. Charlot, p.55.

‘I must tell you dearest’. Ibid., p.66.

‘always on pins’. Dearest Child, p.72.

‘I know the interest’. Charlot, p.67.

‘I trust God’. Greville, p.113.

‘Victoria has not’. Charlot, p.69.

a vow … to study. Journal, p.21.

‘The courtyards’. Ibid.

CHAPTER 27: VICTORIA REGINA

‘Since it has pleased’. Journal, p.23.

‘The moment you get’. Letters, Vol.1, p.93.

‘in my room’. Journal, p.23.

‘He is a very honest’. Ibid., p.24.

‘It is become his province’. Charlot, p.98.

her feelings for Melbourne. Greville, p.156.

‘such jealous’. Ibid., p.116.

‘There never was anything’. Ibid., p.118.

‘I place my firm’. Charlot, p.83.

her ‘perfect calmness’. Greville, p.119.

‘your immediate successor’. Thompson, p.25.

‘rather bewildered’. Greville, pp.118–19.

‘an imbecile’. Cannadine, ‘“The Last Hanoverian Sovereign?”’, p.130.

‘Reginamania’. Plunkett, p.113.

‘I am an experienced man’. Ibid., p.20.

‘My object’. Letters, Vol.1, p.91.

‘Monarchy to be’. Ibid., p.134.

‘The best plan’. Ibid., pp.103–4.

‘All I want’. Charlot, p.114.

‘Take care Victoria’. Ibid., p.91.

‘take no situation’. Letters, Vol.1, p.99.

‘She has great’. Greville, p.133.

‘I can assure’. Letters, Vol, 1, p.104

‘no pretension to beauty’. Greville, p.120.

‘A more homely’. Thompson, p.44.

One of her biographers. Lytton Strachey.

‘The whole went off’. Journal, p.35.

less fulsome … industrial North. Plunkett, p.27.

‘It was a fine’. Journal, p.34.

Lord Rolle. Ibid.

‘You did it.’ Ibid., p.35.

‘Lady Flora’. Ibid., p.41.

‘I found Lady’. Ibid., p.43.

‘Nobody cares for the Queen’. Strachey, p.71.

‘The state of agony’. Journal, p.45.

she sobbed and grasped. Ibid., p.46.

‘The Queen ventures’. Ibid.

‘Your Majesty better’. Ibid.

‘I cannot give up’. Ibid., p.48.

‘The Queen writes’. Ibid., p.49.

‘Lord Melbourne must’. Ibid.

‘Was Sir Robert so weak’. Strachey, p.76.

‘It is a high trial’. Greville, p.155.

‘She might be’. Ibid., p.157.

‘it would be to impair’. Ibid., p.160.

CHAPTER 28: WIFE, MOTHER AND QUEEN

Benjamin Disraeli. Hardie, p.32.

‘I must thank you’. Journal, p.18.

‘I said, why need I’. Journal, p.52.

‘Cousins are not’. Ibid.

‘First of all’. Letters, Vol.1, pp.223–4.

‘It was with some emotion’. Journal, p.55.

‘tight cazimere’. Longford, p.167.

‘much more comfortable’. Journal, p.57.

‘Since the Queen’. Ibid., p.63.

fell into each other’s arms. Journal, pp.57–8.

‘be always near you’. Ibid.

‘Oh! To feel’. Ibid.

‘I signed some’. Ibid., p.58.

‘Think of my position’. Charlot, p.180.

‘It is, as you rightly’, Journal, p.60.

‘As to your wish’. Ibid.

‘Now, though’. Letters, Vol.1, p.252.

‘For God’s sake’. Weintraub, p.133.

‘England’s fat queen’. Thompson, p.34.

‘Party spirit’. Ibid., p.36.

‘Monsters!’ Weintraub, p.134.

‘I wore a white’. Journal, p.63.

‘I felt so happy’. Ibid.

‘You forget, dearest’. Journal, p.62.

She had refused to play. Plunkett, pp.32–3.

‘had such a sick’. Journal, p.64.

‘When day dawned’. Ibid.

a fecund German stud. Plunkett, p.32.

‘Her life has had’. Williams, p.145.

marriage was a lottery. Dearest Child, p.254.

‘One becomes so worn’. Ibid., p.195.

‘she will be very ugly’. Longford, ‘Queen Victoria’s Doctors’, p.76.

fun in bed. Thompson, p.43.

‘What you say’. Dearest Child, p.115.

‘I positively think’. Ibid., p.195.

while Victoria had the title. Greville, p.223.

‘I am every day’. Munich, p.190.

‘If we are good’. Journal, p.89.

never put on a bonnet. Dearest Mama, p.23; Munich, p.68.

‘an old woman’. Surtees, p.115.

a massive white silk. Munich, p.67.

‘an ugly baby’. Journal, p.112.

‘It is indeed’. David Cannadine, ‘“The Last Hanoverian Sovereign?”’, p.147.

CHAPTER 29: THE DUAL MONARCHY

‘Why, when one is’. Weintraub, p.190.

the ‘dignified’. Kuhn, ‘Ceremony and Politics’, p.133.

‘no authentic blue’. Smith, p.48.

‘I regret exceedingly’. Journal, p.126.

‘From the highest’. Ibid., p.132.

‘swallowed in torrents’. Plunkett, pp.61–2.

Florence Nightingale. Journal, p.135.

‘not to interfere’. Ibid., p.136.

‘royal pleasure to land’. Tyrrell and Ward, p.113.

fact-finding visits. Ibid., p.119.

mechanization. Plunkett, pp.41–2.

‘Our little humbug’. Thompson, p.xviii.

‘a quiver full’. Plunkett, p.62.

‘This day’. Journal, p.84.

Books of Beauty. Plunkett, pp.79–94.

Windsor Castle in. Schama, p.157.

‘A family’. Smith, p.37; Thompson, p.139.

‘It is a strange omission’. Journal, p.152.

‘Whatever may be’. Ibid., p.100.

‘The relief of tears’. Dearest Child, p.319.

‘I do not cling’. Dearest Mama, pp.30–2.

‘The Queen alone’. Hardie, Queen Victoria, p.73.

spider who eats. Munich, p.168.

‘not fit to nurse’. Weintraub, p.297.

‘never can I forget’. Journal, p.156.

‘We have buried’. Thompson, p.50.

CHAPTER 30: THE WIDOW

‘My reason!’ Journal, p.157.

Sir James Clark. Longford, ‘Queen Victoria’s Doctors’, p.85.

‘I will do’. Ibid.

‘The poor fatherless’. Journal, p.157.

‘that no one person’. Ibid.

‘as if he was’. Kennedy, pp.188–9.

The undemanding simplicity. Cumming, p.124.

‘What a dreadful’. Journal, p.159.

‘I am alas’. Ibid., p.167.

‘Sweet little Beatrice’. Ibid., p.157.

a dangerous age. Munich, pp.104–9.

‘I wish you would’. Journal, p.171.

‘I have been so unwell’. Ibid., p.177.

‘Wherever widowhood’. Munich, p.106.

Victoria’s waist. Ibid., p.108.

‘without a shudder’. Journal, p.158.

‘He gives you his’. Ibid., p.172.

curiosity of Disraeli. Aronson, p.89.

‘prayed by’. Journal, p.174.

Sitting very straight. Ibid., p.106.

‘I who always hated’. Ibid., p.161.

‘The Queen is a woman’. Hardie, Queen Victoria, p.135.

‘The Queen is most’. Ibid., p.140.

‘It is a subject which’. Ibid.

‘The Queen has read’. Journal, p.180.

‘I should deeply’. Ibid., p.184.

‘The Queen asks’. Ibid., p.221.

‘That was a woman’. Ibid., p.311.

‘These commanding’. Aronson, p.94.

‘The Queen would’. Journal, p.186.

‘The Queen must’. Ibid., p.193.

‘I fear you are already’. Your Dear Letter, p.187.

‘Many were the’. Kuhn, ‘Ceremony and Politics’, p.148.

‘The word distasteful’. Journal, p.198.

‘Still, whatever’. Ibid.

‘Eliza is’. Kennedy, p.248.

in future trust. Journal, p.194.

‘the Queen must’. Ibid., p.197.

‘Yesterday was a’. Ibid.

‘The higher classes’. Ibid., p.201.

‘To speak in rude’. Thompson, p.112.

‘nourished by fantastic’. Harcourt, pp.22–5.

‘the Queen has’. Ibid.

philanthropic and civic. See Prochaska, pp.100–5.

‘I cannot find him’. Journal, p.209.

‘Nothing could have’. Ibid.

‘It is very gratifying’. Ibid., p.202.

‘It is a real comfort’. Ibid., p.187.

‘He comes to my room’. Ibid., p.188.

Queen’s stallion. Munich, p.160.

‘A woman can’t’. Thompson, p.56.

sexually intimate. Sir Frederick Ponsonby, the Queen’s equerry, believed that if the Queen had any sexual feelings for Brown, they were unconscious; their relationship was that of employer and devoted retainer. Sir Frederick Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p.38.

‘Darling One’. Thompson, p.64.

Three hundred letters. Ibid., p.78.

‘Leopold came’. Journal, p.280.

‘The terrible blow’. Ibid.

‘The Queen is trying’. Ibid.

‘The Queen can’t walk’. Ibid.

‘Mr John Brown walked’. Williams, p.34.

The Tomahawk. Thompson, pp.79–80.

‘I am not accustomed’. Cited in Journal, p.315.

Bagehot. Smith, p.34.

Bradlaugh. Thompson, p.106.

value for money. For a discussion of the arguments surrounding the ‘value for money’ issue and Gladstone’s efforts to persuade the Queen to attend the public thanksgiving for the Prince of Wales’s recovery see Kuhn, ‘Ceremony and Politics’; on the civil list see Kuhn, ‘Queen Victoria’s Civil List’.

‘select committee’. Kuhn, ‘Queen Victoria’s Civil List’, p.645.

newspaper squares. Ibid., p.663.

‘The conduct’. Kuhn, ‘Ceremony and Politics’, p.149.

‘I shall take responsibility’. Ibid., p.150.

‘the repellent’. Hardie, Queen Victoria, p.61.

‘My foot much’. Journal, p.226.

‘A most dreadful’. Ibid.

‘My utter helplessness’. Ibid.

‘Went to dress’. Ibid., p.216.

‘The deafening cheers’. Ibid.

CHAPTER 31: THE GREAT WHITE EMPRESS

‘India should’. Aronson, p.78.

‘delight and duty’. Hardie, Queen Victoria, p.36.

‘full of poetry’. Journal, p.203.

‘Dizzy writes daily’. Aronson, p.106.

‘cleverest man’. Ibid., pp.132–3.

‘There is a freshness’. Ibid., p.107.

‘lay it on’. Hardie, Queen Victoria, p.34.

‘We authors’. Ibid.

‘it entirely ruined’. Journal, p.299.

match tax. Hardie, Queen Victoria, p.134.

‘The Queen therefore’. Aronson, p.125.

‘I plight’. Ibid., p.126.

‘Your Majesty’s sceptre’. Ibid., p.135.

‘flowers, crosses, vestments’. Journal, p.234.

‘The Queen is deeply’. Ibid., p.237.

‘I can only describe’. Disraeli, Vol.1, p.23.

‘never to stand’. Ibid.

‘Run away’. Ibid., Vol.2, p.57.

‘fortunate … female sovereign’. Ibid., Vol.1, p.92.

‘My head … shoulders’. Hardie, Queen Victoria, p.38.

‘Nobody can’. Ibid.

‘When?’ Rothschild. Aronson, p.140.

‘I do not think’. Ibid., p.146.

‘You say you hope’. Journal, p.245.

‘Then the Government’. Ibid.

‘if the Queen were a man’. Aronson, p.162.

‘Der alte Jude’. Ibid., p.106.

‘If we are to maintain’. Journal, p.259.

‘she would sooner abdicate’. Journal, p.260.

‘no democratic leaning’. Ibid.

complained to Ponsonby. Sir Frederick Ponsonby, Queen Victoria (London, 1930), p.142.

‘her experience of forty-three years’. Ibid., p.148.

‘The Queen has never’. Ibid., p.145.

‘Madam, and Most Beloved’. Ibid., p.155.

‘Better not’. Thompson, p.122.

‘The Queen does interfere’. Hardie, Queen Victoria, p.243.

‘I cannot say’. Ibid., p.98.

‘It would be a disgrace’. Journal, p.284.

‘Gordon is in danger’. Journal, p.285.

‘If only for humanity’s’. Ibid.

‘the worst I have ever’. Ibid., p.286.

‘Khartoum fallen’. Ibid., p.289.

‘The Queen would gladly’. Journal, p.327.

‘I am sorry for’. Hibbert, Queen Victoria, p.377.

CHAPTER 32: MATRIARCH

‘Fifty years’. Journal, p.304.

spared a while longer. Ibid., p.334.

‘The crowds were’. Ibid., p.298.

‘From the moment’. Ibid., p.303.

‘The symbol that unites’. Munich, p.72.

‘Then dressed’. Journal, p.305.

‘It is impossible’. Ibid., p.307.

Marie Mallet. See Mallet.

James Reid. Longford, ‘Queen Victoria’s Doctors’, p.85.

‘The Queen is certainly’. Mallet, p.195.

breeding like the rabbits. Journal, p.211.

‘My blood runs’. Ibid., p.329.

spontaneous mutation. See Potts and Potts, pp.63–84.

‘He has been treated’. Journal, p.313.

‘To describe this day’. Ibid., p.325.

‘Georgie’s first feeling’. Ibid., p.331.

She confessed to Marie. Mallet, p.77.

‘The Queen is delighted’. Journal, p.257.

‘The House of Lords’. Ibid., p.328.

‘I have always felt’. Thompson, p.42.

‘what a comfort’. Journal, p.308.

‘Am making arrangements’. Ibid., p.313.

‘I replied that Abdul’. Arthur Ponsonby, p.131.

‘The Queen wrote’. Journal, p.328.

‘God has guided’. Ibid., p.333.

‘It is a very wonderful’. Ibid., p.334.

‘Seventy-eight’. Ibid.

‘A never-to-be forgotten’. Ibid., p.335.

‘Before leaving’. Ibid.

‘The more democratic’. Cannadine, ‘The Context, Performance and Meaning of Ritual’, p.121.

‘We are not interested’. Hardie, Queen Victoria, p.159.

‘I sincerely hope’. Journal, p.339.

‘The news from Osborne’. Esher, Journals, Vol.1, p.275.

Arthur Balfour. Sir Frederick Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p.26.

three-decker ship. Ibid.

‘Bertie’. Ibid.

stampeded. Ibid.

Part Four: House of Windsor

Elizabeth II

CHAPTER 33: LILIBET

‘a little darling’. Pimlott, p.3.

‘I like him’. Bradford, p.23.

‘It almost frightens’. Ibid., p.31.

‘an air’. Turner, p.1.

the Duchess told. Bradford, p.40.

‘Do you usually’. Crawford, p.12.

obsession with orderliness. Ibid., p.87.

‘If you want it’. Ibid., p.33.

nursery windows. Ibid., p.22.

‘They all seemed’. Annigoni, p.82.

‘What are we’. Crawford, p.70.

‘Goodnight’. Ibid., p.37.

‘Us four’. Bradford, p.132.

‘I pray to God’. Ibid., p.49.

‘Out of the mist’. Pimlott, p.32.

cipher-monarchy. Ibid., p.39.

praying for a baby. Ibid., p.41.

lady living. Ibid., p.28.

spoke to her as an equal. Crawford, pp.79, 87.

‘the sweetest of’. Pimlott, p.110.

best biographer. Sir John W. Wheeler-Bennett. Cited in Bradford, p.85.

if ‘you once gained’. Crawford, p.52.

bit of a show-off. Ibid., p.101.

‘We went’. Pimlott, p.57.

broadening her social circle. Ibid., p.121.

‘There is a motto’. Ibid., p.117.

not particularly maternal. Turner, p.39.

CHAPTER 34: ELIZABETH OUR QUEEN

an eagle hovered. Pimlott, p.175.

‘My own name’. Ibid., p.179; Turner, p.41.

‘hundreds of old’. Pimlott, p.180.

‘All the film’. Ibid., p.181.

Jock Colville maintained. Ibid., p.183.

Lacking imagination … caution. Ibid., p.273; Turner, pp.15, 53.

‘I am the only’. Pimlott, p.185.

initially opposed. Ibid., pp.204–7.

‘She never thought’. Laird, p.35.

‘She has a great’. Ibid., p.36.

degree of moral. Pimlott, p.195.

neither alienating. Ibid., p.239.

Queen’s-speak. Turner, p.51.

‘No further’. Ibid., p.183.

Rory Bremner’s. Ibid., p.62.

an enigma. Martin Charteris quoted in Turner, p.10.

‘impenetrably Delphic’. Ibid.

‘Don’t talk rubbish’. Turner, pp.11, 107.

King of Morocco. Confidential interview.

former Foreign Secretary. David Owen quoted in Turner, p.179.

Suez crisis. Pimlott, pp.253–6.

Butler … too complex. Ibid., p.332.

mind like a man. Turner, p.173.

‘Her curtsey’. Ibid., p.181.

‘tended to be’. Ibid.

editor of Today. Brian MacArthur.

Sunday Times. 20 July 1986.

Guardian. 21 July 1986.

ring up Thatcher. Turner, p.182.

‘keeled over’. Ibid., p.183.

placed her duty … before her children. Pimlott, p.262; Turner, pp.113–17, 123.

no model. Turner, p.118.

The Queen’s failure. Ibid., p.125.

‘The idea of the film’. Pimlott, p.380.

‘the Firm’. Turner, p.135.

If there were problems. Ibid., pp.118–19.

respected her authority. Ibid., p.118.

no guidance … partners. Ibid., p.138.

Charteris told the Queen. Ibid., p.125.

Charles was promiscuous. Ibid., p.126.

William and Harry. Ibid., p.153.

All four. Turner, p.139.

compensate for not giving them enough time. Ibid., p.90.

The Times. 2 November 1987.

A courtier who observed. Turner, p.9.

‘Life imitating soap’. Pimlott, p.502.

‘We did our best’. Brandreth, p.333.

‘Where did’. Turner, p.113.

Robert Fellowes. Turner, p.155.

CHAPTER 35: AFTER DIANA

his main concern. Interview with Mark Bolland; Lacey, Royal, p.352.

whole family … drinking. Mark Bolland.

surprised by the strength. Lacey, Royal, p.367.

television crew’s ideas. Daily Telegraph, 20 April 2006.

save her neck. Ibid.

Charles had denied. Interview with Mark Bolland.

justifiably angry … mess. Ibid.

Philip wrote. Ibid.

‘Never mention’. Ibid.

encourage criticism. Ibid.

reinforced by her mother. The Queen’s indulgence of her mother is discussed in Turner, pp.85–95, 97–9, 102.

homeopathic remedies. Interview with Harry Arnold, the Sun.

wilting press. Interview with Alan Hamilton, The Times.

touchy-feely. Turner, pp.57–8.

photograph of … George VI. Interview with Harry Arnold, the Sun.

The standing of the monarchy … partly responsible. Turner, p.194.

behaviour of her children … blame. Ibid.

EPILOGUE

‘I will be’. C. W., p.54.

‘I declare’. Pimlott, p.117.

‘My lords’. C. W., p.52.

‘that I with’. Ibid.

‘At my Coronation’. Pimlott, p.190.

increase in secular. Starkey, ‘Representation through Intimacy’, p.188.

human body … aura … Groom of the Stool. Ibid., pp.187–224.

‘such an awesomely’… sole use. Ibid., p.221.

‘The more democratic’. Cannadine, ‘The Context, Performance and Meaning of Ritual’, p.121.

‘the last great’. Ibid., p.153.

‘comfortable palliative’. Cannadine, ‘The Context, Performance and Meaning of Ritual’, p.164.

use of horses … film company. Ibid., pp.123, 142.

‘How long’. Thompson, p.119.

Elizabeth the Last. Jonathan Freedland in the Guardian, 21 April 2006.