Notes
1: MICHIGAN UPBRINGING
1
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
2
James M. Cannon, “Gerald R. Ford: Minority Leader of the House of Representatives, 1965–1973,” in Roger H. Davidson, Susan Webb Hammond, and Raymond W. Smock, eds., Masters of the House (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1998), p. 261.
3
Julian Street, Abroad at Home (New York: Century, 1916), p. 128.
4
David A. Horrocks and William H. McNitt, “Gerald R. Ford Biography,” Guide to Historical Materials in the Gerald R. Ford Library (Ann Arbor, Mich.: Gerald R. Ford Library, 2003), p. 1.
5
President Gerald R. Ford, in a speech before the National Quadrennial Convention of the Polish-American Congress in Philadelphia, Penn., September 24, 1976. Transcript appears in The Presidential Campaign 1976, Volume Two, Part Two: Gerald R. Ford (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979), p. 754.
6
Jerald F. terHorst, Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency (New York: Third Press, 1974), pp. 38–40. In 1929 and 1930, young Jerry Ford earned two dollars (plus lunches) a week, working at Bill Skougis’s restaurant across the street from South High every school day from 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 7 to 10 p.m. one night a week.
7
James Cannon, Time and Chance: Gerald Ford’s Appointment with History: 1913–1974 (New York: HarperCollins, 1994), pp. 4–26.
8
Ibid., pp. 12–13.
9
President Gerald R. Ford, in remarks at a Michigan Union dinner for the University of Michigan football team and athletic staff, Ann Arbor, Michigan, September 15, 1976. Transcript appears in The Presidential Campaign 1976, Volume Two, Part Two: Gerald R. Ford, pp. 742–43.
10
terHorst, Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency, p. 40.
11
Ibid, p. 42.
12
Ibid., pp. 42–43.
13
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Ann Arbor, Mich., April 18, 2000.
14
Israel Shenker, “Ford, a Traditionalist Who Believes in Home, Family, Hard Work, and Patriotism,” New York Times, August 9, 1974, p. 8.
15
terHorst, Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency, pp. 8–9.
16
Robert Drury and Tom Clavin, “How Lieutenant Ford Saved His Ship,” New York Times, December 28, 2006.
17
Cannon, Time and Chance, pp. 37–38.
18
Ibid., p. 11.
19
President Ford: The Man and His Record (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1974), p. 32.
20
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
2: MAN OF THE HOUSE
1
terHorst, Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency, p. 53.
2
Bud Vestal, Jerry Ford, Up Close: An Investigative Biography (New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1974), p. 100.
3
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
4
Cannon, Time and Chance, p. 53.
5
Richard Nixon to Gerald Ford, January 27, 1994, Gerald R. Ford Personal Papers, New York, N.Y.
6
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
7
Ibid.
8
Ibid.
9
Ibid.
10
Richard Nixon to Gerald Ford, June 28, 1993, Gerald R. Ford Personal Papers, New York, N.Y.
11
terHorst, Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency, pp. 56, 56n.
12
Gerald R. Ford, A Time to Heal (New York: Harper & Row, 1979), p. 68.
13
“G.O.P. Group Seeks to Unseat Martin as House Leader,” New York Times, January 6, 1959, p. 1.
14
Ivan Hinderaker, “The 1960 Republican Convention: Chicago and Before,” in Paul Tillett, ed., Inside Politics: The National Conventions, 1960 (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1962), p. 21.
15
“Favorite Son Chosen,” New York Times, April 24, 1960, p. 76.
16
Remarks delivered by former president Gerald R. Ford at the Profile in Courage Award Ceremony, May 21, 2001.
17
Robert L. Peabody, The Ford-Halleck Minority Leadership Contest, 1965 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966), p. 4.
18
“Ten Who Lead in Congress,” New York Times Magazine, May 5, 1963, p. 18.
19
“Johnson Names a 7-Man Panel to Investigate Assassination,” New York Times, November 30, 1963, p. 1.
20
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
21
Ford, A Time to Heal, pp. 74–75.
22
The Warren Report (The Associated Press, [1964]), p. 12.
23
Gerald R. Ford and John R. Stiles, Portrait of the Assassin (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965).
24
Gerald R. Ford, interviewed on CBS-TV’s Face the Nation, aired June 6, 1976. A transcript appears in The Presidential Campaign 1976, Volume Two, Part One: Gerald R. Ford, pp. 572–75.
25
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
26
Gerald R. Ford, “What Can Save the G.O.P.?” Fortune, January 1965, p. 110.
27
Ibid., pp. 110–11.
28
James B. Reston, “The Struggle for Leadership in the Republican Party,” New York Times, December 18, 1964, p. 32.
29
“Burch Urges G.O.P. to End Squabbling,” New York Times, January 5, 1965, p. 18.
30
Don Oberdorfer, “He Wants to Be Speaker of the House,” New York Times Magazine, April 30, 1967.
31
“Vietnam II: A Dilemma for Both Parties,” New York Times, May 7, 1967, p. 219.
3: FOOT SOLDIER FOR NIXON
1
Donald Tacheron and Morris Udall, The Job of the Congressman (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1970), p. 66.
2
terHorst, Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency, p. 97.
3
Randall B. Ripley, Party Leaders in the House of Representatives (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1967), p. 46.
4
Richard Reeves, A Ford, Not a Lincoln (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975), pp. 15–16.
5
John W. Kingdon, Congressmen’s Voting Decisions (New York: Harper & Row, 1981), p. 128.
6
Richard Bolling, Power in the House (New York: Capricorn Books, 1968), p. 18.
7
President Ford: The Man and His Record (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1974), p. 28.
8
Ford, A Time to Heal, p. 85.
9
Richard M. Nixon, RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1978), p. 312.
10
Ford, A Time to Heal, p. 86.
11
David Wallechinsky, David Wallechinsky’s Twentieth Century: History with the Boring Parts Left Out (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1995), p. 68.
12
Nixon, RN, p. 414.
13
John D. Ehrlichman, Witness to Power (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982), p. 198.
14
Ibid., p. 197.
15
“Presidential Success on Votes 1953–1973,” Nixon: The Fifth Year of His Presidency (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1974), p. 58.
16
Gerald S. Strober and Deborah H. Strober, Nixon: An Oral History of His Presidency (New York: HarperCollins, 1992), p. 89.
17
“Ford’s Political Record: Consistent Conservatism,” President Ford: The Man and His Record, p. 27.
18
Fred P. Graham, “Ford Hints Move to Oust Douglas,” New York Times, November 8, 1969, p. 16.
19
Ibid., p. 1.
20
Marjorie Hunter, “Ford Concedes Aid of Justice Agency,” New York Times, November 22, 1973, p. 42.
21
terHorst, Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency, p. 21.
22
Hunter, “Ford Concedes Aid of Justice Agency,” p. 1.
23
John W. Finney, “The Mood Is Ugly, the Target Is Douglas,” New York Times, April 19, 1970, p. 166.
24
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
25
Richard Nixon to Gerald Ford, August 4, 1969, Gerald R. Ford Personal Papers, New York, N.Y.
4: THE WATERGATE BLUES
1
H. R. Haldeman, The Haldeman Diaries: Inside the Nixon White House (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1994), p. 208.
2
Theodore H. White, The Making of the President 1972 (New York: Atheneum, 1973).
3
Ibid., pp. 49–50.
4
Lewis Chester, Call McCrystal, Stephen Aris, and William Shawcross, Watergate: The Full Inside Circle (New York: Ballantine Books, 1973), p. 150.
5
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
6
Strober and Strober, Nixon: An Oral History of His Presidency, p. 334.
7
Watergate and the White House, Volume 1, June 1972–July 1973 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1973), p. 11.
8
Staff of the New York Times, The White House Transcripts: Submission of Recorded Presidential Conversations to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives by President Richard Nixon (New York: Bantam Books, 1974), p. 823.
9
Robert B. Semple Jr., “2nd Campaign Tour Planned for Nixon,” New York Times, September 20, 1972, p. 34.
10
Ford, A Time to Heal, p. 98.
11
Haldeman, The Haldeman Diaries, p. 504.
12
The President, Haldeman, and Dean, Oval Office. September 15, 1972 (5:27 to 6:17 p.m.), Watergate: Chronology of a Crisis, volume 2 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1974), pp. 382–83.
13
Clark R. Mollenhoff, Game Plan for Disaster (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1976), p. 236.
14
terHorst, Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency, p. 136.
15
Watergate and the White House, June 1972–July 1973, p. 29.
16
Richard Matthew Pious, “Richard M. Nixon: The Resignation of Vice President Agnew,” in Henry Graff, ed., The Presidents: A Reference History , second edition (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1996), p. 529.
17
Lester A. Sobel, ed., Presidential Succession: Ford, Rockefeller and the 25th Amendment (New York: Facts on File, 1975), p. 40.
5: CHANGING OF THE GUARD
1
John Adams, in a letter to his wife, Abigail Adams, December 19, 1793, Adams Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Massachusetts. Cited in David McCullough, John Adams (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), p. 447.
2
Gerald R. Ford, in televised remarks to the nation after his swearing-in as vice president of the United States by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger before a joint session of Congress in the U.S. Capitol, Washington, D.C., December 6, 1973.
3
terHorst, Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency, p. 168.
4
Seymour Hersh, “The Pardon: Nixon, Ford, Haig, and the Transfer of Power,” Atlantic Monthly, August 1983.
5
terHorst, Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency, pp. 141–42.
6
Ibid., p. 158.
7
Ron Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside (Chicago: Playboy Press, 1978), p. 5.
8
Reeves, A Ford, Not a Lincoln, pp. 44–45.
9
Watergate: Chronology of a Crisis, volume 2, p. 204.
10
terHorst, Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency, pp. 176–77.
11
Watergate and the White House, Volume 3, January–September 1974 (New York: Facts on File, 1974), p. 253.
12
Ibid.
13
Robert T. Hartmann, Palace Politics: An Inside Account of the Ford Years (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980), p. 121.
14
Reeves, A Ford, Not a Lincoln, pp. 46, 49.
15
Strober and Strober, Nixon: An Oral History of His Presidency, p. 334.
16
terHorst, Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency, p. 168.
17
President Ford: The Man and His Record (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1974), pp. 29, 65.
18
Frank Mankiewicz, U.S. v. Richard M. Nixon: The Final Crisis (New York: Quadrangle Books, 1975), p. 176.
19
President Ford: The Man and His Record, pp. 29, 62.
20
Clark R. Mollenhoff, Game Plan for Disaster (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1976), p. 349.
21
Reeves, A Ford, Not a Lincoln, pp. 11–12, 27–28.
22
Haldeman, The Haldeman Diaries, p. 288.
23
Bruce Oudes, ed., From the President: Richard Nixon’s Secret Files (New York: Harper & Row, 1989), pp. 611–12.
24
Nixon, RN, p. 1057.
25
George Bush, All the Best, George Bush: My Life in Letters and Other Writings (New York: Scribner, 1999), pp. 186–87.
26
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, pp. 6–7.
27
Bush, All the Best, George Bush, p. 191.
28
Linda Amster, “Events Leading to the Resignation of Richard M. Nixon,” in Staff of the New York Times, The End of a Presidency (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1974), p. 274.
29
terHorst, Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency, p. 185.
30
Thomas Jefferson, in a letter to Elbridge Gerry, May 13, 1797; cited in Gorton Carruth and Eugene Ehrlich, American Quotations (New York: Wings Books, 1992), p. 567.
31
Gerald R. Ford, in his inaugural address in the East Room of the White House, August 9, 1974.
6: THE PARDON MEETS WHIP INFLATION NOW
1
terHorst, Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency, p. 188.
2
“The Once and Future Ford,” Newsweek, August 19, 1974, p. 23.
3
Walter Isaacson, Kissinger: A Biography (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992), p. 601.
4
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
5
Reeves, A Ford, Not a Lincoln, p. 150.
6
Bush, All the Best, George Bush, p. 192.
7
Reeves, A Ford, Not a Lincoln, p. 150.
8
Herbert S. Parmet, “Gerald R. Ford,” in Graff, The Presidents, p. 537.
9
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
10
Reeves, A Ford, Not a Lincoln, p. 69.
11
Barry Werth, 31 Days: The Crisis That Gave Us the Government We Have Today (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2006), pp. 220–21.
12
Bob Woodward, “Gerald R. Ford,” in Caroline Kennedy, ed., Profiles in Courage for Our Time (New York: Hyperion, 2002), p. 294.
13
Jeff Jacoby, “An Award JFK Would Have Liked,” Boston Globe, May 24, 2001, p. A23.
14
Werth, 31 Days, p. 331.
15
terHorst, Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency, p. 238.
16
“Should Nixon Be Granted Immunity?” Newsweek, August 19, 1974, p. 17.
17
Hartmann, Palace Politics, p. 258.
18
Cannon, Time and Chance, p. 378.
19
Ibid., p. 380.
20
terHorst, Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency, p. 227.
21
Strober and Strober, Nixon: An Oral History of His Presidency, p. 486.
22
Parmet, “Gerald R. Ford,” p. 537.
23
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, p. 33.
24
Gerald R. Ford, in a question-and-answer session before the Northern Illinois Newspaper Association at the Chicago Airport Marriott Inn, March 12, 1976; the transcript appears in The Presidential Campaign 1976, Volume Two, Part One: Gerald R. Ford, pp. 248–49.
25
Reeves, A Ford, Not a Lincoln, pp. 113–14.
26
Werth, 31 Days, p. 332.
27
Isaacson, Kissinger, p. 602.
28
Ford, A Time to Heal, p. 194.
29
Reeves, A Ford, Not a Lincoln, p. 160n.
30
Hartmann, Palace Politics, p. 298.
31
James Mann, The Rise of the Vulcans (New York: Viking, 2004), p. 59.
32
Seymour Hersh, “Huge CIA Operation Reported in U.S. Against Anti-War Forces,” New York Times, December 22, 1974.
33
Timothy Naftali, Blind Spot: The Secret History of American Terrorism (New York: Basic Books, 2005), pp. 78–79.
34
A. Denis Clift, With Presidents at the Summit (Fairfax, Va.: George Mason University Press, 1993), pp. 81–103.
7: THE AGONY OF PEACE
1
Jacoby, “An Award JFK Would Have Liked,” p. A23.
2
Werth, 31 Days, p. 333.
3
Ibid., pp. 316–17.
4
Lou Cannon, Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power (New York: Public-Affairs, 2003), p. 194.
5
William Hyland, Mortal Rivals: Superpower Relations from Nixon to Reagan (New York: Random House, 1987), pp. 76–77.
6
Ford, A Time to Heal, p. 219.
7
Isaacson, Kissinger, pp. 627–28.
8
Ibid.
9
John Robert Greene, The Presidency of Gerald R. Ford (Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas, 1995), p. 68.
10
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, pp. 83–87.
11
David M. O’Brien, “Restoring the Rule of Law,” in Bernard J. Firestone and Alexy Ugrinsky, eds., Gerald R. Ford and the Politics of Post-Watergate America ( Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1993), p. 116.
12
Stephen Markman, quoted in ibid., p. 116.
13
Henry Kissinger, Ending the Vietnam War (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003), p. 504.
14
Ford, A Time to Heal, p. 250.
15
Kissinger, Ending the Vietnam War, p. 507.
16
Hartmann, Palace Politics, pp. 318–19.
17
Jerrold L. Schecter, “The Final Days: The Political Struggles to End the Vietnam War,” in Firestone and Ugrinsky, Gerald R. Ford and the Politics of Post-Watergate America, p. 541.
18
Oliver Todd, Cruel April (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1987), p. 60.
19
“A New Dunkirk in Indochina,” Newsweek, April 17, 1975, p. 39.
20
Ford, A Time to Heal, p. 253.
21
Nguyen Van Thieu, in excerpts from his resignation speech as translated in “Two Views on Who’s to Blame,” U.S. News and World Report , May 5, 1975, p. 20.
22
Gerald R. Ford, remarks at Tulane University, New Orleans, April 23, 1975, as reported in “An Agenda for America’s Third Century,” Department of State Bulletin, May 12, 1975, p. 593.
23
Richard L. Madden, “Ford Says Indochina War Is Finished for America,” New York Times, April 24, 1975, p. 73.
24
“Americans Oppose Arms for Saigon, Gallup Poll Shows,” New York Times, April 24, 1975, p. 193.
25
Ford, remarks at Tulane University, April 23, 1975, p. 593.
26
Ibid.
27
Henry Kissinger, Years of Renewal (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999), p. 1064.
28
Kissinger, Ending the Vietnam War, pp. 535–36.
29
Isaacson, Kissinger, p. 645.
30
Hartmann, Palace Politics, p. 319.
31
Kenneth M. Quinn to Henry Kissinger, April 5, 1975, Gerald Ford Library and Museum, Ann Arbor, Mich.
32
Henry Kissinger to Graham Martin, April 17, 1975 (cable), Ford Library, Ann Arbor, Mich.
33
Henry Kissinger to Graham Martin, April 24, 1975 (cable), Ford Library, Ann Arbor, Mich.
34
Operation Frequent Wind (radio messages), April 29, 1975, Ford Library, Ann Arbor, Mich.
35
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
36
Author interview with Fred Meijer, Grand Rapids, Mich., April 3, 2000.
37
Douglas Brinkley, “Of Ladders and Letters,” Time, April 24, 2000.
8: THE MAYAGUEZ INCIDENT AND THE HELSINKI ACCORDS
1
Richard M. Nixon, in a nationally televised address announcing U.S. incursions in Cambodia, April 30, 1970.
2
William Shawcross, Side-Show: Kissinger, Nixon and the Destruction of Cambodia (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979), p. 432n.
3
Ford, A Time to Heal, p. 276.
4
“Comments of a Liberated Crew,” Time, May 26, 1975, p. 17.
5
Kissinger, Years of Renewal, p. 551.
6
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, p. 122.
7
Ibid., pp. 125–26.
8
Shawcross, Side-Show, pp. 433n–34n.
9
Ford, A Time to Heal, p. 284.
10
Author interview with Richard Norton Smith, Washington, D.C., October 17, 2006.
11
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, p. 120.
12
Kissinger, Years of Renewal, p. 575.
13
Ford, A Time to Heal, p. 284.
14
Gerald R. Ford, in remarks announcing his candidacy for the Republican nomination for president at a ceremony in the White House Oval Office, July 8, 1975; the transcript is in The Presidential Campaign 1976, Volume Two, Part One: Gerald R. Ford, pp. 1–2.
15
William Korey, Human Rights and the Helsinki Accords (New York: Foreign Policy Association, 1983), p. 7.
16
Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago (New York: Harper & Row, 1973), p. 4.
17
Philip Shabecoff, “Ford Avoided Visit by Solzhenitsyn,” New York Times, July 3, 1975, p. 5.
18
Ford, A Time to Heal, p. 298.
19
“Ford vs. Solzhenitsyn,” New York Times, July 4, 1975, p. 22.
20
Joseph Kraft, “Solzhenitsyn’s Message,” Washington Post, July 3, 1975, p. A19.
21
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, p. 345.
22
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
23
“Ford’s Big Gamble on Détente,” Newsweek, August 4, 1975, p. 16.
24
“European Security Conference Discussed by President Ford,” Department of State Bulletin, volume 73, number 1885, August 11, 1975, pp. 204–6.
25
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
26
Thomas J. Bray, “Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr.,” in James Taranto and Leonard Leo, eds., Presidential Leadership: Rating the Best and the Worst in the White House (New York: Wall Street Journal Books, 2004), p. 183.
27
Sand Vogelsang, “Diplomacy of Human Rights,” International Studies Quarterly, volume 23, number 2, June 1979, pp. 222–23.
28
Henry E. Catto, Jr., Ambassador at Sea: The High and Low Adventures of a Diplomat (Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, 1998), p. 145.
29
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
9: LOOKING FOR TRACTION
1
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, p. 78.
2
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
3
Reeves, A Ford, Not a Lincoln, pp. 118, 201–2, 202n.
4
William A. Rusher, The Rise of the Right (New York: William Morrow & Company, 1984), p. 263.
5
Parmet, “Gerald R. Ford,” p. 537.
6
Reeves, A Ford, Not a Lincoln, p. 147.
7
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
8
Isaacson, Kissinger, pp. 630–35.
9
Ibid., p. 631
10
Ibid.
11
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
12
Reeves, A Ford, Not a Lincoln, p. 153.
13
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, pp. 85, 88, 89.
14
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
15
Ford, A Time to Heal, pp. 306–7.
16
“Betty Ford Gaffe,” National Review, August 29, 1975, p. 922.
17
Reeves, A Ford, Not a Lincoln, p. 104.
18
Cannon, Governor Reagan, p. 402.
19
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, pp. 179–82.
20
“Ford’s Brush with Death,” Newsweek, September 15, 1975, p. 22.
21
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, pp. 183–85.
22
Ibid., p. 186.
23
“Assassination: An Endless Nightmare,” U.S. News & World Report, October 6, 1975, p. 19.
24
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
25
Ford, A Time to Heal, pp. 294–95.
26
Cannon, Governor Reagan, p. 402.
27
“What City Service Costs,” Newsweek, August 4, 1975, p. 24.
28
Ford, A Time to Heal, p. 315.
29
Ibid.
30
Jason Berger, “Carey, Hugh L(eo),” in Eleanora W. Schoenebaum, ed., Profiles of an Era: The Nixon/Ford Years (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979), p. 113.
31
“New York’s Last Gasp?” Newsweek, August 4, 1975, p. 18.
32
Ford, A Time to Heal, p. 316.
33
Hartmann, Palace Politics, p. 357.
34
A Time to Heal, p. 318.
35
Ibid., p. 328.
36
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, p. 158.
37
Ford, A Time to Heal, p. 328.
38
John D’Emilio, “Beame, Abraham D(avid),” in Schoenebaum, Profiles of an Era, p. 39.
39
Ford, A Time to Heal, pp. 318–19.
40
“Ford to City: Drop Dead,” Daily News (New York), October 30, 1975, p. 1.
41
Gerald R. Ford, in comments at a White House question-and-answer session with twenty-three reporters in the Oval Office, December 31, 1975; the transcript appears in The Presidential Campaign 1976, Volume Two, Part One: Gerald R. Ford, p. 48.
42
D’Emilio, “Beame, Abraham D(avid),” p. 39.
43
Gerald R. Ford, in comments at a campaign session with local officials in Louisiana at Hanger Auditorium, Barksdale Air Force Base, Bossier City, Louisiana, April 27, 1976; the transcript appears in The Presidential Campaign 1976, Volume Two, Part One: Gerald R. Ford, p. 383.
44
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, pp. 155–56, 159–60.
45
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
46
Ibid.
47
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, pp. 159–60.
48
“Scenario of the Shake-up,” Time, November 17, 1975, p. 19.
49
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, p. 249.
50
Christopher Hitchens, The Trial of Henry Kissinger (New York: Verso, 2001), pp. 90–107.
51
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
52
Hitchens, The Trial of Henry Kissinger, p. 99.
53
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
10: THE BICENTENNIAL CAMPAIGN
1
“‘It Looks Like Humphrey,’” U.S. News & World Report, November 17, 1975, p. 24.
2
“Gerald Ford’s Improving Prospects,” Time, June 23, 1975, p. 28.
3
Kevin P. Phillips, The Emerging Republican Majority (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1969), p. 470.
4
James A. Baker II, in comments to anchor Tom Brokaw during NBC News’s live coverage of Ronald Reagan’s state funeral procession to the U.S. Capitol, June 9, 2004, 7:23 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time.
5
James A. Baker III, “Work Hard, Study … And Keep Out of Politics!”: Adventures from an Unexpected Public Life (New York: Putnam, 2006), pp. 44–45.
6
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, pp. 170–72.
7
Cited in ibid., pp. 190–91.
8
Lyndon B. Johnson, comment attributed in Carruth and Ehrlich, American Quotations, p. 470.
9
Lyndon B. Johnson, comment attributed in Reeves, A Ford, Not a Lincoln, p. 25n.
10
“The Ridicule Problem,” Time, January 5, 1976, p. 33.
11
Martin Schramm, Running for President: A Journal of the Carter Campaign (New York: Stein and Day, 1977), pp. 178–79.
12
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, pp. 172–75.
13
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
14
Baker, “Work Hard, Study … And Keep Out of Politics!” p. 44.
15
Gerald R. Ford, Humor and the Presidency (New York: Arbor House, 1987), front jacket flap.
16
Ibid., pp. 48–49.
17
Ronald Reagan, quoted in Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside , p. 206.
18
Cannon, Governor Reagan, p. 424.
19
Richard B. Cheney, quoted in Ford, Humor and the Presidency, pp. 150–51.
20
Remarks of Gerald R. Ford in Philadelphia, July 4, 1976, Gerald R. Ford Library and Museum, Grand Rapids, Mich.
21
Author interview with Robert Hartmann, Bethesda, Md., November 11, 2006.
22
Richard B. Cheney, quoted in Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, p. 230.
23
Gerald R. Ford, in remarks accepting the nomination for president at the Republican National Convention, Kemper Arena, Kansas City, August 19, 1976; the transcript appears in The Presidential Campaign 1976, Volume Two, Part Two: Gerald R. Ford, pp. 693–99.
24
James J. Kilpatrick, “Will the Republican Party Survive Kansas City?” National Review, September 16, 1976, p. 1004.
25
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
26
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, p. 239.
27
Nelson A. Rockefeller, in remarks at the joint press conference announcing President Gerald R. Ford’s selection of Senator Robert J. Dole as his vice presidential running mate, Kansas City, August 19, 1976; the transcript appears in The Presidential Campaign 1976, Volume Two, Part Two: Gerald R. Ford, p. 692.
28
George Bush, in a letter to John Fonteno of Houston, Tex., August 17, 1976, in Bush, All the Best, George Bush, p. 261.
29
Richard Nixon to Gerald Ford, April 22, 1976, Gerald R. Ford Personal Papers, New York, N.Y.
30
Richard Nixon to Gerald Ford, February 12, 1976, Gerald R. Ford Personal Papers, New York, N.Y.
31
Richard Nixon to Gerald Ford, August 20, 1976, Gerald R. Ford Personal Papers, New York, N.Y.
32
Author interview with Richard Norton Smith, Washington, D.C., October 17, 2006.
33
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, p. 250.
34
Ibid., pp. 263–67.
35
Ford, A Time to Heal, p. 422.
36
Ibid., pp. 422–23.
37
William F. Buckley Jr., quoted in Parmet, “Gerald R. Ford,” p. 549.
38
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, p. 278.
39
Ford, A Time to Heal, pp. 431–32; also Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, p. 310.
40
Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, p. 316.
41
Ibid., p. 319.
42
Cited in ibid., p. 320.
43
Ford, A Time to Heal, p. 437.
44
Billy Graham to Gerald Ford, November 24, 1976, Gerald R. Ford Personal Papers, New York, N.Y.
45
Gerald Ford, State of the Union address, January 12, 1977.
46
Mark Updegrove, Second Acts (Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press, 2006), p. 114.
47
Kissinger, Years of Renewal, p. 1066.
48
Ibid., p. 40.
49
Author interview with Richard Norton Smith, Washington, D.C., October 17, 2006.
50
Ben Bradlee, A Good Life: Newspapering and Other Adventures (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), p. 408.
51
Billy Graham to Gerald Ford, November 24, 1976, Gerald R. Ford Personal Papers, New York, N.Y.
52
Cited in Nessen, It Sure Looks Different from the Inside, p. 320.
11: RETIREMENT DECADES
1
Richard Nixon to Gerald Ford, January 3, 1977, Gerald R. Ford Personal Papers, New York, N.Y.
2
Richard Nixon to Gerald Ford, May 14, 1978, Gerald R. Ford Personal Papers, New York, N.Y.
3
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
4
Martin Schram, “Ford Says He Won’t Be a Candidate,” Washington Post, March 16, 1980.
5
Updegrove, Second Acts, p. 129.
6
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
7
Ford, A Time to Heal, pp. 289–90.
8
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
9
Douglas Brinkley, The Unfinished Presidency: Jimmy Carter’s Journey Beyond the White House (New York: Viking, 1998), pp. 68–69.
10
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
11
Betty Ford, A Glad Awakening (New York: Doubleday, 1987), pp. 1–10, 265.
12
Updegrove, Second Acts, p. 121.
13
Ibid.
14
Ibid., pp. 113–14.
15
Richard Reeves, “I’m Sorry, Mr. President,” American Heritage, December 1996.
16
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
17
Bob Woodward, “Gerald R. Ford,” pp. 293–315.
18
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
19
Gerald R. Ford, “The Path Back to Dignity,” New York Times, October 4, 1998.
20
Richard L. Berke, “The Testing of a President: An Overview,” New York Times, October 4, 1998.
21
Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter, “A Time to Heal Our Nation,” New York Times, December 21, 1998.
22
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
23
Remarks of Senator Edward Kennedy, Presentation of the 2001 Profile in Courage Award to President Gerald Ford, JFK Library and Museum, Boston, Massachusetts, May 21, 2001.
24
Caroline Kennedy to Gerald Ford, April 30, 2001, Gerald R. Ford Personal Papers, New York, N.Y.
25
Theodore Hesburgh to Gerald Ford, May 30, 2001, Gerald R. Ford Personal Papers, New York, N.Y.
26
Lord Callaghan to Gerald Ford, June 12, 2001, Gerald R. Ford Personal Papers, New York, N.Y.
27
Author interview with Gerald Ford, Rancho Mirage, Calif., March 23, 2003.
28
David Hume Kennerly, “Becoming the President,” New York Times, December 28, 2006.
29
“Gerald R. Ford,” editorial, New York Times, December 28, 2006.