1. Pew Research Center, “Views of Religious Similarities and Differences: Muslims Widely Seen as Facing Discrimination,” Pew Forum on Religious and Public Life, 2009 Annual Religion and Public Life Survey, http://pewforum.org/.
2. Quoted in Maria Rosa Menocal, The Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain (New York: Little, Brown, 2002).
3. Ibid., 22–23.
4. Michael Walzer, What It Means to Be an American (New York: Marsilio, 1996), 55.
5. Barack Obama, “President Barack Obama’s Inaugural Address,” January 21, 2009, The White House, http://www.whitehouse.gov/.
6. Martin Luther King Jr., “Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence,” April 4, 1967, American Rhetoric, http://www.americanrhetoric.com/.
7. There is an alternate version of this in which the real estate developer Sharif El-Gamal is at the center of the story and calls the project Park51. For a good description, see Mark Jacobson, “Muhammad Comes to Manhattan,” New York, August 22, 2010, http://nymag.com/.
8. Ralph Blumenthal and Sharaf Mowjood, “Muslim Prayers and Renewal Near Ground Zero,” New York Times, December 8, 2009.
9. The O’Reilly Factor, Fox News, December 21, 2009.
10. Omid Safi, Progressive Muslims: On Justice, Gender, and Pluralism (New York: Oneworld, 2003).
11. Eboo Patel, Acts of Faith: The Story of an American Muslim, the Struggle for the Soul of a Generation (Boston: Beacon, 2007).
12. Max DePree, Leadership Is an Art (New York: Dell, 1990), 11.
13. Surah al-Hujurat 49:13.
14. Justin Kaplan, ed., Whitman: Poetry and Prose (New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1982), 956.
1. Kirk Semple, “Council Votes for Two Muslim School Holidays,” New York Times, June 30, 2009.
2. Ibid.
3. Celeste Katz, “Carl Paladino Advertises on Ground Zero Mosque Issue,” New York Daily News, August 5, 2010, http://www.nydailynews.com/.
4. Peter Nicholas and Julia Love, “Obama Supports Plan for Mosque Near Ground Zero,” Los Angeles Times, August 14, 2010, http://www.latimes.com.
5. Michael Barbaro, “Mayor’s Stance On Muslim Center Has Deep Roots,” New York Times, August 12, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com.
6. To its credit, the Anti-Defamation League—after the furor around their anti–Cordoba House position—launched a robust task force providing legal defense for mosques being opposed in various communities across the United States. As this is in line with the high ideals of the ADL, I am proud to be part of this group. For more information, see my “Why I Joined Abe Foxman’s Anti-Islamophobia Task Force,” Huffington Post, September 7, 2010, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/.
7. Barbaro, “Mayor’s Stance On Muslim Center Has Deep Roots.”
8. For first speech, see Justin Elliott, “Michael Bloomberg Delivers Stirring Defense of Mosque,” Salon, August 3, 2010, http://salon.com. For second speech, see Wall Street Journal Staff, “Bloomberg on Mosque: ‘A Test of Our Commitment to American Values,” Wall Street Journal, August 24, 2010, http://www.wsj.com.
9. Sharon Otterman, “Obscuring a Muslim Name, and an American’s Sacrifice,” New York Times, January 1, 2012, http://newyorktimes.com.
10. Michael Barbaro, “N.Y. Political Leaders’ Rift Grows on Islam Center,” New York Times, August 24, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com.
11. Ibid.
12. Kenneth T. Jackson, “A Colony With a Conscience,” New York Times, December 27, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com.
13. “Remonstrance of the Inhabitants of the Town of Flushing to Governor Stuyvesant, December 27, 1657,” Flushing Monthly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), http://www.nyym.org/flushing/.
14. George Washington, “To Bigotry No Sanction,” American Treasures, Library of Congress, August 17, 1790, http://www.loc.gov/.
15. Steven Waldman, Founding Faith: Providence, Politics, and the Birth of Religious Freedom in America (New York: Random House, 2009), 65.
16. Paul F. Boller, George Washington and Religion (Dallas: Southern Methodist University, 1963), 120.
17. Langston Hughes, “Let America Be America Again,” 1935, from The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes (New York: Knopf, 1994).
18. Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., “The American Dream,” February 5, 1964, from “Online Exhibits,” Drew University Online Archives, http://depts.drew.edu/.
19. Walt Whitman, Whitman: Poetry and Prose (New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1982), 50.
20. Eboo Patel, “On Muslims, Gays and Tolerance in America,” Huffington Post, December 28, 2010, http://www.huffingtonpost.com.
21. Nico Lang, “Dreaming of a ‘Different World,’ ” Faith Divide blog, Washington Post, February 15, 2011, onfaith.washingtonpost.com.
22. Jalaludin Rumi, from “Masnavi-I Ma’navi,” in Teachings of Rumi, trans. by Idries Shah (London: Octagon Press, 1994).
23. Umar Faruq Abdullah, “Islam and the Cultural Imperative” (Chicago: Nawawi Foundation, 2004).
24. In early 2012, Mayor Bloomberg was again in the news on issues related to Muslims. This time, in my opinion, he was on the wrong side. Bloomberg was a strong supporter of the New York Police Department’s surveillance of Muslims, for the simple fact that they were Muslim, at over a dozen colleges, including Yale University and the University of Pennsylvania. See “Bloomberg Stands By Spying on Muslims,” RT, February 22, 2012, http://rt.com/usa/.
1. “Mineta Quits with Parting Shot 20-Year Reign: Key Democrat Leaves Congress, Calls GOP Agenda ‘Mean,’ ” San Jose Mercury News, October 8, 1995.
2. Pamela Geller, “Pamela Geller: In Her Own Words,” interview, New York Times, October 8, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com.
3. Laurie Goodstein, “Drawing U.S. Crowds with Anti-Muslim Message,” New York Times, March 7, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com.
4. Evan McMorris Santoro, “Gingrich Calls for Federal Ban on Shariah Law in US,” Talking Points Memo, September 18, 2010, http://tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com.
5. Many observant Muslims, similar to Christians in previous centuries, eschew involvement with interest, essentially requiring them to use different banking and financial tools than everyone else. With a billion and a half Muslims in the world, this is clearly an opportunity to create and sell a whole range of banking products, from checking accounts to mortgage loans, that are “sharia-compliant.” Several million Muslims live here in America, many looking for American financial institutions that they can do business with in a way that is consistent with their religious values, a sure-fire market opportunity.
6. Newt and Callista Gingrich, “America at Risk: The War With No Name,” Human Events: Powerful Conservative Voices, September 8, 2010, http://www.humanevents.com.
7. Reinhold Niebuhr, The Irony of American History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952), xxiv.
8. Lorraine Woellert, “Gingrich Said Freddie Mac Could Be Good Model for Mars Travel,” Bloomberg News, December 1, 2011, http://www.bloomberg.com.
9. Justin Elliott, “Newt: For Shariah Law Before He Was Against It,” Salon, June 8, 2011, http://www.salon.com.
10. Newt Gingrich, Rediscovering God in America: Reflections on the Role of Faith in Our Nation’s History and Future (Ontario: Integrity House, 2006), xiii.
11. Newt Gingrich, “Why I Became a Catholic,” National Catholic Register, April 26, 2011, www.nationalcatholicregister.com.
12. Newt and Callista Gingrich, “An Inspiring Story of Freedom Through Faith,” Human Events: Powerful Conservative Voices, April 7, 2010, http://www.humanevents.com.
13. Jerry Filteau, “Pope Made Important Overtures to NonChristian Religions,” Catholic News Service, 2005, http://www.catholicnews.com.
14. Maria Monk, The Awful Disclosures of the Hotel Dieu Monastery in Montreal (New York, c. 1850), 49.
15. Arthur Schlesinger Jr., The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society (New York: W. W. Norton, 1998), 36.
16. Shaun Casey, The Making of a Catholic President: Kennedy vs. Nixon 1960 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009).
1. Lydia Saad, “Anti-Muslim Sentiments Fairly Commonplace,” Gallup Poll News Service, August 10, 2006, http://media.gallup.com/.
2. Shaun Casey, The Making of a Catholic President: Kennedy vs. Nixon 1960 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009).
3. Ibid., 22.
4. Ibid., 168.
5. Mark S. Massa, Catholics and American Culture: Fulton Sheen, Dorothy Day, and the Notre Dame Football Team (New York: Crossroad Publishing, 2011), 78.
6. Casey, The Making of a Catholic President, 133–34.
7. Ibid., 133.
8. Ibid., 138.
9. Ibid.,125.
10. Massa, Catholics and American Culture.
11. Casey, The Making of a Catholic President, 141.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Massa, Catholics and American Culture, 78.
15. Newt Gingrich, “America at Risk: Camus, National Security and Afghanistan,” address, American Enterprise Institute, July 29, 2011, http://www.gingrichproductions.com/.
16. Human Khan and Amy Bingham, “GOP Debate: Newt Gingrich’s Comparison of Muslims and Nazi’s Sparks Outrage,” ABC News, June 13, 2011, http://abcnews.go.com.
17. Tom Hamburger and Matea Gold, “Gingrich Woos Evangelicals as He Eyes Presidential Bid,” Los Angeles Times, March 3, 2011.
18. Erik Eckholm, “Using History to Mold Ideas on the Right,” New York Times, May 4, 2011.
19. Jeff Zeleny, “On the Stump, Gingrich Puts Focus on Faith,” New York Times, February 26, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com.
20. Hamburger and Gold, “Gingrich Woos Evangelicals.”
21. Asifa Quaraishi, “Who Says Shari’a Demands the Stoning of Women? A Description of Islamic Law and Constitutionalism,” Berkeley Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Law 1 (2008): 163–77, http://www.law.berkeley.edu.
22. Ron Kampeas, “Anti-Sharia Laws Stir Concerns That Halachah Could Be Next,” JTA: Global News Service of the Jewish People, April 28, 2011, http://www.jta.org.
23. Justin Elliott, “What Sharia Law Actually Means,” Salon, February 26, 2011, http://www.salon.com.
24. Investigative Staff of the Boston Globe, Betrayal: The Crisis in the Catholic Church (Boston: Little, Brown, 2002).
25. Ibid.
26. Anna Quindlen, Loud and Clear (New York: Random House, 2005), 113.
27. Boston Globe, Betrayal.
28. Erick Eckholm and Jeff Zeleny, “Evangelicals, Seeking Unity, Back Santorum for Nomination,” New York Times, January 14, 2012.
29. Drew Katchen, “Graham: Santorum, Gingrich Christians; You Have to Ask Obama If He Is,” Morning Joe, MSNBC, February 21, 2012, http://mojoe.msnbc.msn.com/.
30. Jonathan Capehart, “Angry Rick Santorum ‘Throws Up on JFK,’ ” Washington Post, February 27, 2012.
1. This Week with Christiane Amanpour, ABC-TV, September 28, 2010.
2. Laurie Goodstein, “American Muslims Ask, Will We Ever Belong?” New York Times, September 10, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com.
3. Institute for Islamic Thought, “A Common Word Between Us and You,” A Common Word: Official Website, 2009, http://acommonword.com.
4. Jonathan Sacks, The Dignity of Difference: How to Avoid the Clash of Civilizations (New York: Continuum, 2003).
5. Diana Eck, A New Religious America: How a “Christian Country” Has Become the World’s Most Religiously Diverse Nation (San Francisco: Harper, 2002).
6. Donald G. McNeil, “A $10 Mosquito Net Is Making Charity Cool,” New York Times, June 2, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com.
7. Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000).
8. Robert Putnam, “E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-first Century—The 2006 Johan Skytte Prize,” Scandinavian Political Studies 30, no. 2 (June 2007).
9. Putnam, Bowling Alone, 66.
10. Putnam, “E Pluribus Unum,” 148–49.
11. Robert Putnam, Better Together: Restoring the American Community (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003).
12. Ashutosh Varshney, Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003).
13. Scott Keeter and Gregory Smith, “Public Opinion about Mormons,” Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, 2007, http://pewresearch.org/.
14. Robert Putnam and David Campbell, American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010).
15. “Views of Religious Similarities and Differences: Muslims Widely Seen as Facing Discrimination,” Pew Forum on Religious and Public Life, 2009 Annual Religion and Public Life Survey, http://pewforum.org/.
16. Lydia Saad, “Anti-Muslim Sentiments Fairly Commonplace,” Gallup Poll News Service, August 10, 2006, http://media.gallup.com/.
17. Gallup Center for Muslim Studies, “In U.S., Religious Prejudice Stronger Against Muslims,” Gallup.com, January 21, 2010, http://www.gallup.com/.
18. Michael Shapiro, Who Will Teach for America? (Washington, DC: Farragut, 1993).
19. Wendy Kopp, One Day, All Children . . . : The Unlikely Triumph of Teach for America and What I Learned Along the Way (New York: Public Affairs, 2003).
1. Chip Heath and Dan Heath, Switch: How to Change Things When Change Is Hard (New York: Crown Business Publishing, 2010), 27–32.
2. Ranya Idliby, Suzanne Oliver, and Priscilla Warner, The Faith Club: A Muslim, a Christian, a Jew—Three Women Search for Understanding (New York: Free Press, 2006).
3. Eboo Patel, Acts of Faith: The Story of an American Muslim, the Struggle for the Soul of Generation (Boston: Beacon, 2007).
4. His Holiness The Dalai Lama, Toward a True Kinship of Faiths: How the World’s Religions Can Come Together (New York: Doubleday, 2010).
5. Ibid., 79.
6. Chris Stedman, Faitheist: How an Atheist Found Common Ground with the Religious (Boston: Beacon, forthcoming).
7. Chris Stedman, “Why This ‘Mosque’ Matters to Atheists,” Non-Prophet Status, July 28, 2010, http://nonprophetstatus.wordpress.com/.
8. Tironi quote from National Task Force on Civic Learning and Democratic Engagement, A Crucible Moment: College Learning and Democracy’s Future (Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges and Universities, 2010), 25.
1. “Rabin’s Alleged Killer Appears in Court,” CNN.com, November 7, 1995.
2. Savva Amusin et al., “Bringing Interfaith to the University of Illinois,” Building the Interfaith Youth Movement: Beyond Dialogue to Action, Eboo Patel and Patrice Brodeur, eds. (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006).
3. Diana Eck, Encountering God: A Spiritual Journey from Bozeman to Banaras (Boston: Beacon, 1993).
4. Alexander and Helen Astin’s official website, Spirituality in Higher Education, may be found at http://spirituality.ucla.edu/.
5. National Task Force on Civic Learning and Democratic Engagement, A Crucible Moment: College Learning and Democracy’s Future, (Washington, DC: Association for American Colleges and Universities, 2011), 18.
6. Acts 17:26.
7. John G. Fee, Autobiography of John G. Fee (Berea, KY: National Christian Association, 1981).
1. Andrea Elliott, “A Bloody Crime in New Jersey Divides Egyptians,” New York Times, January 21, 2005, http://www.nytimes.com.
2. Wilfred Cantwell Smith, The Faith of Other Men (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1962), 94–96.
3. Christian Smith, Soul Searching: The Religious and Spiritual Lives of American Teenagers (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).
4. Kenda Creasy Dean, Almost Christian: What the Faith of Our Teenagers Is Telling the American Church (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010).
5. Diana Eck, “Preface,” in Encountering God: A Spiritual Journey from Bozeman to Banaras (Boston: Beacon, 1993).
6. Luke 10:25.
7. John 4:1–27.
8. Sura 96:1.
9. Montgomery Watt, Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman (New York: Oxford University Press, 1974).
10. Martin Luther King Jr. and Clayborne Carson, The Autobiography of Martin Luther King, Jr. (New York: Warner Books, 1998).
11. Clayborne Carson, ed., The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr.: Volume V: The Threshold of a New Decade (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005).
12. Susannah Heschel, “Following in My Father’s Footsteps: Selma 40 Years Later,” VOX on Dartmouth: The Newspaper for Dartmouth Faculty and Staff, April 4, 2005, http://www.dartmouth.edu.
13. Ibid.
14. King, The Autobiography of Martin Luther King, Jr., 23.
1. David Foster Wallace, This Is Water: Some Thoughts, Delivered on a Significant Occasion, about Living a Compassionate Life (New York: Little, Brown, 2009).
2. James Baldwin, Notes of a Native Son (Boston: Beacon, 1955).
3. Chaim Potok, The Book of Lights (Robinsdale, MN: Fawcett, 1982).
4. Demi, Muhammad (New York: Margaret K. McElderry, 2003).
1. William Saletan, “Christian Terrorism,” Slate, July 25, 2011, http://www.slate.com.
2. Wajahat Ali et al., Fear, Inc.: The Roots of the Islamophobia Network in America, Center for American Progress, August 2011, http://www.americanprogress.org/.
3. Taylor Branch, Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963–65 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999).
4. Scott Shane, “Killings in Norway Spotlight Anti-Muslim Thought in U.S.” New York Times, July 24, 2011.
5. Mark Jurgensmeyer, “Why Breivik Was a Christian Terrorist,” Huffington Post, July 7, 2011, http://www.huffingtonpost.com.
6. Psalms 137:8–9.
7. William Blake, “The Little Black Boy,” stanza 4, in Songs of Innocence, 1789–1790.
8. Clayborne Carson, ed., The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr.: Volume V: The Threshold of a New Decade (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005).