PROLOGUE
“minute elite”: Marie-Madeleine Fourcade, Noah’s Ark: A Memoir of Struggle and Resistance (New York: Dutton, 1974), 10.
“a tough little animal”: David Schoenbrun, Soldiers of the Night: The Story of the French Resistance (New York: Dutton, 1980), Loc. 3483 (Kindle edition).
“resisters shared one characteristic”: M.R.D. Foot, Six Faces of Courage (Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword, 2003), 17.
“She was very independent”: Interview with Pénélope Fourcade-Fraissinet.
“not inclined to feminism”: Jean Novosseloff, book review of Marie-Madeleine Fourcade: A Leader of the Resistance, Fondation de la Résistance, fondationresistance.org/pages/rech_doc/marie-madeleine-fourcade-chef-resistance_cr_lecture55.html.
“She had enormous charisma”: Interview with Charles-Helen des Isnards.
“To this day”: J. E. Smyth, Fred Zinnemann and the Cinema of Resistance (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi), 206.
“I don’t understand”: Jeannie Rousseau video interview with David Ignatius, International Spy Museum Archive, Washington, D.C.
CHAPTER 1: LEAPING INTO THE UNKNOWN
“The minds of the French”: William Shirer, The Collapse of the Third Republic: An Inquiry into the Fall of France in 1940 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1969), Loc. 3625 (Kindle edition).
“the stylish”: Harriet Sergeant, Shanghai: Collision Point of Cultures 1918–1939 (New York: Crown, 1990), 2.
“You could be”: “In the Mood for Cheong Sam: New Women in Old Shanghai Glamour,” that-obsession.tumblr.com/post/132366778412/in-the-mood-for-cheongsam-new-women-in-o.
“My mother loved”: Marie-Madeleine Fourcade radio interview, July 2, 1989.
“They wanted to speak”: Ibid.
“tagines of every kind”: Ibid.
“allow a husband”: Michèle Cointet, Marie-Madeleine Fourcade: Un Chef de la Résistance (Paris: Perrin, 2006), 17–18.
“people’s ineradicable love”: Stacy Schiff, Saint-Exupéry: A Biography (New York: Knopf, 1995), Loc. 4875 (Kindle edition).
“You seemed interested”: Cointet, 24.
“One of my Belgian”: Ibid., 24–25.
CHAPTER 2: THE CHAOS OF DEFEAT
“were the reckless agents”: Valerie Deacon, The Extreme Right in the French Resistance: Members of the Cagoules and Corvignolles in the Second World War (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 2016), 84.
“A man of the utmost”: M.R.D. Foot, Six Faces of Courage (London: Eyre Methuen, 1978), 46.
“It is neither”: Deacon, 83.
“an anthill”: Julian Jackson, France: The Dark Years 1940–1944 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 100.
“all the ugliness”: Charles Glass, Americans in Paris: Life and Death Under Nazi Occupation (New York: Penguin, 2009), 79.
“We had lost”: Jackson, 120.
“a stream of lava”: Eric Sevareid, Not So Wild a Dream (New York: Atheneum, 1976), 148.
“too few arms”: Robert Tombs and Émile Chabal, eds., Britain and France in Two World Wars: Truth, Myth and Memory (London: Bloomsbury, 2013), 10.
“the apocalypse”: Tom Keene, Cloak of Enemies: Churchill’s SOE, Enemies at Home and the Cockleshell Heroes (Staplehurst, UK: Spellmount, 2012), Loc. 3878 (Kindle edition).
“How dare you say”: Cointet, 48.
“Whatever happens”: Jean Lacouture, De Gaulle: The Rebel, 1890–1944 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1990), 225.
CHAPTER 3: FIGHTING BACK
“Never was Vichy”: Schoenbrun, Loc. 3405.
“the physical”: Shirer, Loc. 18120.
“says, ‘the Marshal’ ”: Jean Guéhenno, Diary of the Dark Years 1940–1944 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), 93.
“the Marshal’s authority”: Lynne Olson, Last Hope Island: Britain, Occupied Europe, and the Brotherhood That Helped Turn the Tide of War (New York: Random House, 2017), 129.
“She never operated”: Interview with Charles-Helen des Isnards.
“aristocracy of defeat”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 25.
“The Marshal received”: Jean Boutron, De Mers el-Kébir à Londres 1940–1944 (Paris: Plon, 1980), 160.
“You know very well”: Cointet, 61.
“the first stronghold”: Deacon, 87.
“The hackneyed phrase”: Jackson, 406.
“The French have”: M.R.D. Foot, SOE in France: An Account of the British Special Operations Executive in France 1940–1944 (London: HMSO, 1966).
“We must learn”: Schoenbrun, Loc. 1338.
“watch, resist, and unite”: H. R. Kedward, Resistance in Vichy France (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978), 43.
“the fight must go on”: Schoenbrun, Loc. 2298.
CHAPTER 4: SPYING IN MARSEILLE
“An immense”: Boutron, 107.
“But we are not”: Ibid., 15.
“This bloody armistice”: Ibid., 43.
“with the same principles”: Ibid., 154.
“the pivot around”: Ibid, 169.
“the memory”: Ibid.
“Marseille residents”: Simon Kitson, Police and Politics in Marseille, 1936–1945 (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2014), 5.
“I swear to fight”: Antony Beevor and Artemis Cooper, Paris After the Liberation 1944–1949 (New York: Penguin, 2004), 13.
“discreetly anti-Nazi”: Kitson, Police and Politics in Marseille, 1936–1945, 96.
“Who wouldn’t wish”: Ibid.
“Good God!”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 33.
“Collaboration was not”: Simon Kitson, The Hunt for Nazi Spies: Fighting Espionage in Vichy France (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007), 6.
“there was no inherent”: Frenay, 167.
“all the hopes”: Ibid., 97.
CHAPTER 5: THE BIRTH OF ALLIANCE
“a remarkably quick”: Sylvia Bridou Smith, unpublished manuscript.
“seemed to be everywhere”: Schoenbrun, Loc. 3624.
“It is, of course, urgent”: Keene, Loc. 1342.
“there was no contact”: Keene, Loc. 1356.
“very distressing”: Lynne Olson, Those Angry Days: Roosevelt, Lindbergh, and America’s Fight over World War II, 1939–1941 (New York: Random House, 2013), 291.
“even now England”: Ibid.
CHAPTER 6: DANGER IN PARIS
“it turned out to be”: Schoenbrun, Loc. 6590.
“enthusiastic volunteers”: Keith Jeffery, The Secret History of MI6 (New York: Penguin Press, 2010), Loc. 6990 (Kindle edition).
“The buffet was groaning”: David Pryce-Jones, Paris in the Third Reich: A History of the German Occupation, 1940–1944 (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1981), 71.
“Fashion was, for the French”: Anne Sebba, Les Parisiennes: How the Women of Paris Lived, Loved, and Died Under Nazi Occupation (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2016), Loc. 4104 (Kindle edition).
CHAPTER 7: TAKING COMMAND
“left me gasping”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 37.
“Algeria had felt”: Boutron, 184.
“The next time”: Schoenbrun, Loc. 6409.
“She is the most”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 47.
“She had a natural”: Interview with Pénélope Fourcade-Fraissinet.
“For months”: Boutron, 182.
“Everyone worships”: Ibid., 194.
“pronounce the name”: Ibid.
“Enough, little one”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 66.
N1 ARRESTED THIS MORNING: Cointet, 109–110.
CHAPTER 8: A NETWORK IN PERIL
“at bars, restaurants”: Schoenbrun, Loc. 7011.
“It’s open war”: Paul Paillole, Fighting the Nazis: French Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 1933–1945 (Enigma Books, 2003), 253.
“At the grass roots”: Ibid., 254.
“Vichy is betting”: Boutron, 221.
CHAPTER 9: THE MAILBAG
“From the bag”: Boutron, 232.
“I’m back”: Ibid., 236.
“These are diplomatic”: Ibid.
“only people with foreign names”: Anthony Cave Brown, “C”: The Secret Life of Sir Stewart Graham Menzies (New York: Macmillan, 1987), 131.
“letting women run”: M.R.D. Foot and J. L. Langley, MI9: Escape and Evasion 1939–1945 (London: Biteback Publishing, 2011), 80.
“Your network must last”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 86.
CHAPTER 10: THE RETURN OF LÉON FAYE
“At last!”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 166.
“I’m prepared to”: Ibid., 173.
CHAPTER 11: A GAME OF WITS
“Who is ASO 43?”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 107.
“a sharp-eyed”: Schoenbrun, Loc. 3655.
“We’re going to arrest”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 111.
“By the way”: Ibid.
CHAPTER 12: “AN UNDISPUTED LEADER”
“They’re after you again!”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 131.
“She performed”: Ferdinand Rodriguez, L’Escalier Sans Retour (Paris: Éditions France-Empire, 1984), 138.
“I carried messages”: Monique Bontinck Rodriguez, unpublished manuscript.
“Faye is obsessed”: Cointet, 130.
“fact had outpaced”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 9.
“he, like so many”: Adam Bartos and Colin MacCabe, Remembering Chris Marker (New York: OR Books, 2017), 28.
“A woman”: Léon Faye, biography, Reseau Alliance website, reseaualliance.e-monsite.com/pages/biographie-des-membres/leon-faye-bis.html.
“She was young”: “Le Réseau Alliance,” French television interview, Sept. 27, 1968.
CHAPTER 13: SITTING ON A BARREL OF GUNPOWDER
“We were all”: Hugh Verity, We Landed by Moonlight: The Secret RAF Landings in France 1940–1944 (Manchester, UK: Crécy Publishing, 2000), 197.
“I was rather pleased”: Ibid., 84.
“were only vulnerable”: Ibid., 9.
“Well, I’ve got”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 142.
CHAPTER 14: THE TRAITOR
“We’ve got you”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 147.
“You can’t imagine”: Ibid., 150.
“You’re exhausted”: Ibid., 152.
CHAPTER 15: A GENERAL ESCAPES
“must be given no role”: Lynne Olson, Citizens of London: The Americans Who Stood with Britain in Its Finest, Darkest Hour (New York: Random House, 2010), 220.
“nothing must stand in the way”: Ibid.
“idiotically self important”: Schoenbrun, Loc. 7302.
CHAPTER 16: CAPTURED
“Dirty Boche!”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 166.
“I only hoped”: Ibid., 301.
“I resume my place”: Colin Smith, England’s Last War Against France: Fighting Vichy 1940–1942 (London: Phoenix, 2010), 367.
“As I understand it”: Ibid.
“Ike had never been”: Ibid.
“Then I shall return”: Ibid., 373.
“In a second”: Boutron, 295.
“You were to come”: Ibid., 296.
“a low, elongated mass”: Ibid., 302.
“a bunch of ordinary”: Ibid.
“I was going”: Ibid., 303.
“Be careful”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 172.
“The whole police”: Ibid., 175.
“No! Don’t move!”: Ibid., 312.
CHAPTER 17: OPERATION ATTILA
“For my part”: Lacouture, 349.
“hit me like a bomb”: Boutron, 306.
“Between Giraud and de Gaulle”: Harold Nicolson, The War Years: Diaries and Letters, 1939–1945 (New York: Atheneum, 1967), 294.
“looked terribly British”: Monique Bontinck Rodriguez, unpublished manuscript.
“I was looking”: Rodriguez, 14.
“constant good humor”: Anthony and Barbara Bertram, eds., Jerome Bertram, The Secret of Bignor Manor (Lulu Press, 2014), 134.
CHAPTER 18: “DOWN GO THE U-BOATS”
“A word from us to London”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 194.
“moving them”: Philip Kaplan, Grey Wolves: U-Boat War 1939–1945 (New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2014), 18.
“It was a great mistake”: Jonathan Dimbleby, The Battle of the Atlantic: How the Allies Won the War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), 116.
“From an operational”: Daniel V. Gallery, U-505 (San Francisco: Lucknow Books, 2016), Loc. 2901 (Kindle edition).
“In Breton eyes”: Jean-Luc Bannalec, Death in Brittany (New York: Minotaur Books, 2014), 30.
CHAPTER 19: ON THE RUN
“the terrible year”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 189.
“If there had been any bridle”: Philippe de Vomécourt, An Army of Amateurs (New York: Doubleday, 1961), 126.
“almost to a man, thugs on the make”: Ibid., 108.
“as if it had been preserved”: Martin Walker, The Resistance Man: A Mystery of the French Countryside (New York: Vintage, 2015), 173.
“I refuse to persecute”: Jean Philippe, Association l’Alliance, reseaualliance.e-monsite.com/pages/biographie-des-membres/philippe-jean.html.
“we marched off”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 206.
“have a hard time”: Ted Morgan, An Uncertain Hour: The French, the Germans, the Jews, and the City of Lyon, 1940–1945 (New York: Arbor House, 1990), 124.
“For a clandestine”: Jean Overton Fuller, The German Penetration of SOE: France 1941–1944 (Maidstone, UK: George Mann Books, 1996), 31.
“You forget”: Cointet, 203.
CHAPTER 20: THE TINDERBOX OF LYON
“a citadel of old money”: Morgan, An Uncertain Hour, 19.
“You couldn’t go”: Douglas Porch, The French Secret Services: From the Dreyfus Affair to the Gulf War (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995), 236.
“at me with his”: “Klaus Barbie: Women Testify of Torture,” Philadelphia Inquirer, March 23, 1987.
“In my network”: Cointet, 209–10.
“Have they gone?”: Schoenbrun, Loc. 425.
“I had always thought”: Ibid.
“Marie-Madeleine, there’s”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 226.
“My son came through”: Ibid., 232.
“Last Sunday”: Jeffery, Loc. 8415.
“had been more”: Ibid., Loc. 8432.
“Act as if”: Rodriguez, 103.
“Of course”: Ibid., 104.
“the blood flowed”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 233.
“My guards burst into”: Monique Bontinck Rodriguez, unpublished manuscript.
CHAPTER 21: HIGH ANXIETY
“forbidding as fortified”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 238.
“They were on the front”: Marie-Madeleine Fourcade radio interview, French Culture, July 29, 1989.
“Who would ever think”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 239.
“Be brave”: Ibid., 250.
“flood of beacons”: Ibid., 253.
CHAPTER 22: “HERE YOU ARE AT LAST!”
“Here you are”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 252.
“A delightful hostess”: Anthony and Barbara Bertram, The Secret of Bignor Manor (Lulu Press, 2014), 216.
“intimacy and love”: Barbara Bertram, French Resistance in Sussex (Pulborough, UK: Barnworks Publishing, 1996), xv.
“When they arrived”: Ibid., 22.
“the beautiful Marie-Madeleine”: Ibid., 47–48.
“So this is the terrible”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 255.
“You mean you’re”: Ibid.
“a most unpleasant”: Ben Macintyre, Double Cross: The True Story of the D-Day Spies (New York: Crown, 2012), 44.
“eyes of a hyperactive”: Ibid.
“Everyone was scared”: Anthony Read and David Fisher, Colonel Z: The Secret Life of a Master of Spies (New York: Viking, 1985), 12.
“an utter shit”: Ibid.
“consumed by hate”: Patrick Reilly, unpublished memoirs, Bodleian Library, Oxford.
“one of Dansey’s”: Read and Fisher, 297.
“I see it’s made”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 259.
“This material looks”: Schoenbrun, Loc. 11551.
CHAPTER 23: “THE MOST REMARKABLE GIRL OF HER GENERATION”
“The Germans still wanted”: David Ignatius, “After Five Decades, a Spy Tells Her Tale,” Washington Post, Dec. 28, 1998.
“all the things”: Ibid.
“that would take”: Ibid.
“I knew all the details”: Ibid.
“I had become”: Ibid.
“I would absorb it”: Ibid.
“This afternoon”: Michael J. Neufeld, Von Braun: Dreamer of Space, Engineer of War (New York: Knopf, 2007), 137.
“the new weapons”: Ibid.
“stratospheric bomb”: R. V. Jones, Most Secret War (Ware, UK: Wordsworth Editions, 1998), 351.
“the chilling fear”: Ibid., xiv.
“this extraordinary report”: Ibid., 354.
the most remarkable: Ibid.
“a masterpiece in the history”: William Grimes, “Jeannie Rousseau de Clarens, Valiant World War II Spy, Dies at 98,” New York Times, August 29, 2017.
“would affect the whole course”: Martin Middlebrook, The Peenemünde Raid: The Night of 17–18 August 1943 (Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword, 2006), 79.
“It was like hell”: Ibid., 141.
“A substantial proportion”: Jones, 346.
“had a far-reaching”: Winston S. Churchill, Closing the Ring (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1951), 207.
“Were the Germans”: Tessa Stirling, Daria Nałęcz, and Tadeusz Dubicki, eds., Intelligence Cooperation Between Poland and Great Britain During World War II (London: Valentine Mitchell, 2005), 476.
“Although we could”: Winston S. Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1953), 53.
CHAPTER 24: PINK HEATHER
“If you order him”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 261.
“Damn their law”: Ibid.
“It’s up to you”: Ibid., 262.
“Good work”: Rodriguez, 11.
“We will have”: Ibid., 12.
CHAPTER 25: CALAMITY
“I’m going mad”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 267.
“with a hand as heavy”: Ibid.
“Since September 16”: Ibid., 272.
“the indifference”: Paul Bernard, unpublished manuscript.
“I experienced”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 272.
“represented a wealth”: Ibid., 278.
“their uncontested leader”: Jackson, 428.
“The Resistance, for him”: Frenay, 206.
“Despite our proven”: Ibid., 287.
“full-scale and dangerous”: Brown, 333.
“viciously petty”: Keene, Loc. 4247.
“Though SOE and MI6”: Malcolm Muggeridge, Chronicles of Wasted Time: Vol. 2, The Infernal Grove (London: Collins, 1973), 174.
“almost incoherent with indignation”: Keene, Loc. 1812.
“Great news!”: Patrick Reilly, unpublished memoirs, Bodleian Library, Oxford.
“an evil man”: Ibid.
“was said to be”: Ibid.
“Cohen’s bitch”: Ibid.
“all these cumbersome”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 290.
CHAPTER 26: CAPTIVES
“A snake sliding”: Rodriguez, 40.
“I do not believe”: Ibid., 44.
“had done absolutely nothing”: Frenay, 53.
“I walk constantly”: Rodriguez, 47.
“these separations”: Ibid., 52.
“a splendid, vague, dreamy”: Shrabani Basu, Spy Princess: The Life of Noor Inayat Khan (Amherst, MA: Omega Publications, 2007), Loc. 1687 (Kindle edition).
“tends to give far”: Sarah Helm, A Life in Secrets: Vera Atkins and the Missing Agents of WWII (New York: Anchor, 2007), 12–13.
“if this girl’s an agent”: Leo Marks, Between Silk and Cyanide: A Codemaker’s War, 1941–45 (Stroud, UK: History Press, 2013), 311.
“was necessary”: Basu, Loc. 1795.
“She told us nothing”: Helm, 486.
“Kieffer’s artist in residence”: Ibid., 176.
“The Gestapo boys”: Ibid., 176.
“His presence was unfortunate”: Ibid., 177.
“drunk with happiness”: Unpublished journal, Léon Faye, French state archives.
“This girl is crazy”: Ibid.
“magnificent courage”: Ibid.
“Water remains permanently”: Ibid.
“she would have made it”: Helm, 487.
CHAPTER 27: THE MAP
“We have the impression”: Paul Bernard, unpublished manuscript.
“won the lasting respect”: Patrick Reilly, unpublished memoirs, Bodleian Library, Oxford.
“We Dampierres are not spies”: Dampierre family history.
“disaster,” as one: Sir Frederick Morgan, Overture to Overlord (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1950), 279.
“In this particular”: David Irving, The War Between the Generals: Inside the Allied High Command (New York: Congdon and Lattes, 1981), 94.
“the most complete”: Schoenbrun, Loc. 12279.
CHAPTER 28: GOING HOME
“I can’t stop now”: Résistances-Morbihan, resistances-morbihan.fr/alliance-bretagne-2/.
CHAPTER 29: CAUGHT IN THE NET
“Where’s the lady?”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 321.
“Hello, Marie-Madeleine”: Ibid.
“Do you mean”: Ibid.
“She would accompany”: Interview with Charles-Helen des Isnards.
“Where’s the man?”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 328.
“I’ve just escaped”: Ibid., 338.
CHAPTER 30: LIBERATION AND BEYOND
“the animals of the Ark”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 357.
“returned, miraculously unaffected”: Ibid., 361.
“By their work and sacrifice”: David Schoenbrun, “Animals at War,” New York Times, Feb. 17, 1974.
“Colonel Bernis”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 361.
CHAPTER 31: “HAIL MARY, FULL OF GRACE”
“There is no personality”: Rodriguez, 169.
“Where are we going?”: Ibid., 162.
“Commandant!”: Ibid.
“And our friends?”: Ibid.
“like something out of”: Ibid., 82.
“They’ve landed”: Ibid., 84.
“God save the king!”: Ibid., 108.
“Hail Mary”: Ibid., 133.
“Your friends…all gone”: Ibid., 136.
“Why are we still alive?”: Ibid., 169.
“a choirmaster in a crypt”: Ibid., 184.
“Tomorrow!”: Ibid., 185.
“Am I mistaken?”: Ibid.
“Our three lives”: Ibid., 186.
“You are being exchanged”: Ibid., 194.
“So, you’re all”: Ibid., 209.
“we thought you would prefer”: Ibid., 210.
“Life was worth”: Ibid., 215.
“I could not abandon”: Ibid., 218.
“It was the antithesis”: Ibid., 220.
“I cannot abandon”: Ibid., 226.
“an intense need”: Ibid.
“I look at myself now”: Ibid.
CHAPTER 32: THE ROAD TO GETHSEMANE
“the most terrible of all”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 365.
“Where are the manacles?”: Ibid., 366.
EPILOGUE
“our handsome hero”: Schoenbrun, Loc. 336.
“And somehow”: Ibid., Loc. 357.
“a weekend of celebration”: Ibid., Loc. 363.
“serve our unhappy country”: Ibid.
“The connection formed”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 55.
“very loud and powerful”: Interview with Charles-Helen des Isnards.
“I mastered the urge”: Rodriguez, 230.
“mapped out”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 371.
“Devoid of selfishness”: Cointet, 300–301.
“My mother deeply loved”: Interview with Pénélope Fourcade-Fraissinet.
“Once the bête noire of the Nazis”: Schoenbrun, Loc. 16308.
“Even if they didn’t live”: Interview with Pénélope Fourcade-Fraissinet.
“an extraordinary esprit de corps”: Interview with Charles-Helen des Isnards.
“For many years”: Deacon, 30.
“solicited the cooperation”: Ibid., 95.
“could only be considered”: Ibid.
“Discrimination, based…on a notion of inequality”: Oliver Wievorka, The French Resistance (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016), 404–405.
“Just as businesses recruited female personnel”: Ibid.
“After the war”: Robert Gilden, “Jeannie Rousseau Obituary,” Guardian, Sept. 6, 2017.
“the wife of an officer”: Valerie Deacon, “From ‘femme d’officier, mère de famille’ to ‘grande dame de la Résistance’: Marie-Madeleine Fourcade During World War II,” Contemporary French Civilization, vol. 42, no. 2.
“rather humble (and misleading)”: Ibid.
“saved thousands of lives”: David Ignatius, “The Remarkable Life of Jeannie Rousseau de Clarens,” Washington Post, Sept. 4, 2017.
“an anonymous”: K. G. Robertson, ed. War, Resistance and Intelligence: Collected Essays in Honour of M.R.D. Foot (Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword, 2000).
“The years have passed”: Fourcade, Noah’s Ark, 15.
“Resistance is a state of mind”: Olivier Holmey, “Jeannie Rousseau, Spy for the French Resistance,” The Independent, Aug. 29, 2017.