TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS 4

ABSTRACT 5

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 6

ILLUSTRATIONS 7

CHAPTER 1 — INTRODUCTION 8

CHAPTER 2 — FOUNDATIONS AND FIRST BATTLES 15

Introduction 15

The Interwar Years and Doctrinal Development 15

The 50th (Northumbrian) Division—Tyne and Tees 18

With the B.E.F. in France, 1940 19

North Africa and Sicily, 1941-1943 22

Experience Gained? 25

CHAPTER 3 — LEARNING TO JUMP OUT OF A BOAT 28

Introduction 28

Changes in Personnel 28

Changes in Organizational Composition 30

Amphibious Assaults-Lessons Learned, 1942-1943 31

Training for D-Day 32

Value of Training 33

Morale 34

The Enemy in Normandy 35

Invasion Training—An Assessment 39

CHAPTER 4 — NORMANDY 41

Introduction 41

D-Day 41

“Colossal Cracks”—Montgomery’s Operational Technique 48

Cristot, Tilly-sur-Seulles, and Villers Bocage 51

The July Battles and the Breakout 58

Morale 59

The Other Veteran Divisions 62

Final Battles 65

The 50th Division in Normandy—An Assessment 66

CHAPTER 5 — CONCLUSION 68

Breakout, Market Garden, and Disbandment 68

Other Assessments 68

The Bocage and Combined Arms Integration 71

Further Research 72

50 Div—Combat Effective 72

REQUEST FROM THE PUBLISHER 75

APPENDIX A — 21st Army Group—June, 1944 76

APPENDIX B —  Infantry Brigades of the 50th Division 77

APPENDIX C — Infantry Battalions of the 50th Division in Normandy—June, 1944 78

APPENDIX D — Victoria Cross Citation for WO2 Stanley E. Hollis, August 17, 1944 80

BIBLIOGRAPHY 81

THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES, Kew, England (Formerly known as the Public Records Office) 81

THE COMBINED ARMS RESEARCH LIBRARY, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 81

DIRECTORATE OF HISTORY AND HERITAGE, Department of National Defense, Canada 81

UNITED STATES ARMY FIELD MANUALS 82

OFFICIAL HISTORIES 82

PRIMARY SOURCES: Published 82

PRIMARY SOURCES: Internet 83

SECONDARY SOURCES: Books 83

SECONDARY SOURCES: Journal Articles 85

SECONDARY SOURCES: Internet 86