6. Surviving a Severe Thunderstorm and Tornado
At any given moment, there are approximately two thousand thunderstorms happening throughout the world. That adds up to a whopping sixteen million storms every year. While I personally love a good thunderstorm, they can be dangerous, and under the right conditions, cause huge amounts of property damage and loss of vital infrastructure. They also have the potential to kill.
HOW DANGEROUS IS THE THREAT?
When compared to something like a hurricane, thunderstorms can seem relatively harmless. Unfortunately, seasonal summer storms can be incredibly dangerous and are responsible for taking numerous lives and causing billions of dollars in property damage every year.
Thunderstorms can produce a wide array of dangerous weather, including flash floods, tornadoes, damaging winds, hail, and dangerous lighting strikes. Lightning can be particularly dangerous and is responsible for a large number of power outages, wildfires, injuries, and deaths every year.
Lightning
- can occur during all types of summer storms
- is responsible for killing an estimated 24,000 people throughout the world each year, and injuring around 240,000 people
- strikes the Earth an average of one hundred times per second
- No outdoor location is safe during a thunderstorm. If a storm is within 10 miles (16 km) of your location, you are at risk of being struck by lightning.
Tornadoes
- can generate winds that exceed 300 miles (483 km) per hour
- can last over an hour
- can leave a path of destruction over a mile (1.6 km) wide and 50 miles (80 km) long
Flooding
- is the number one cause of summer storm-related deaths
- can happen quickly and can easily sweep a person off his or her feet in even a few inches of fast-moving water
- causes more than $5 billion in damage every year
Hail
- is responsible for an estimated one billion dollars in crop and property damages every year
- can be larger than 6 inches (15 cm) in diameter
- can weigh as much as 21⁄4 pounds (1 kg) and fall at speeds of up to 110 miles (177 km) per hour
ATTRIBUTES OF A THUNDERSTORM
Thunderstorms are most likely to occur during the spring and summer months, with a majority of the storms happening in the afternoon and evening hours. This is because thunderstorms thrive under moist and warm conditions, which are the two most important ingredients in the formation of the unstable air that causes these storms.
- Thunderstorms can occur one at a time, in clusters, or in lines. Just because a storm seems to have passed doesn’t necessarily mean you’re out of the danger zone.
- Thunderstorms average from 5 to 25 miles (8 to 40 km) in diameter and typically last an average of 20 to 30 minutes.
- The most dangerous thunderstorms are single storms that stay over one location for an extended period of time.
Some signs of an impending storm include
- Bizarre animal behavior. Animals have a sixth sense when it comes to approaching natural disasters and storms; they often become nervous and jittery, and can be excellent predictors of foul weather.
- Pops and static on AM radio bands. If you hear an increase in noise on these bands, it’s a pretty good indicator that thunderstorms are near.
- A sudden increase in wind, a strong blast that seemingly comes out of nowhere, or a sudden change in wind direction are all signs of an approaching storm.
- Your nose can smell it coming. Believe it or not, some people are very good at noticing small changes in the air and can even sense moisture or the smell of rain before it arrives.
- Watch for red skies and/or dark and billowing clouds. In general, low-hanging, dark clouds usually indicate storms are on the way.
Summer storms have the potential to be very dangerous, so it’s important to take all alerts seriously—especially severe thunderstorm warnings.
UNDERSTAND OFFICIAL WEATHER WARNINGS
Severe Thunderstorm Watch. A watch means the potential for a storm exists, and you need to be on the lookout for bad weather. In general, you can still go about your regular activities, but keep a watchful eye on the sky, and listen for local weather updates.
Severe Thunderstorm Warning. A warning is issued when a thunderstorm is either occurring in the area or the conditions for one have been spotted on radar and weather officials believe a storm is imminent.
Tornado Watch. A watch is issued when there are storms in the area capable of producing a tornado. If a watch is issued, be ready to take action at a moment’s notice.
Tornado Warning. A warning is issued when tornadoes have been spotted in the area or conditions for one have been seen on radar and weather officials believe a tornado is imminent. If a warning is issued, take cover immediately.
Every year countless numbers of people are killed or severely injured because they ignored the warnings. When a severe storm or tornado warning is issued, take shelter and listen for local weather updates.
PREPARATIONS TO MAKE BEFORE THE STORM HITS
When it comes to summer storms, recognizing the danger is probably the most important thing you can do to protect yourself and your family. Unfortunately, a countless number of people are killed or injured every year because they underestimated the power of these powerful seasonal storms.
To prepare for a thunderstorm
- Make sure you have a fully stocked emergency kit filled with everything you need to survive an extended power outage. Food, water, first aid kits, flashlights, and extra batteries need to be on hand.
- Designate an area in your home where you and your family will gather during a storm. If at all possible, having a safe room built into your home can provide an extra layer of protection, not only from seasonal thunderstorms but a wide range of threats. If you don’t have a safe room, designate an area on the lowest floor of your home away from windows, glass doors and anything that can be broken by strong winds and hail.
- Make sure you invest in a good battery-operated NOAA Weather Radio. These radios can help you stay informed on what’s going on and can warn you before a dangerous storm catches you off guard.
- Do a visual inspection of the area around your home. Look for anything that can blow away or cause damage once the wind starts picking up.
- Remove dead trees and damaged branches that could fall and cause injury during a severe storm.
- Install surge protectors inside your home and think about unplugging your valuable electronics ahead of any severe storm.
PROTECTING YOURSELF DURING THE STORM
When the storm is in your area, there are some things you can do to stay safe:
- Avoid touching any electrical appliances that are not attached to surge protectors. Even then you still need to be cautious.
- If driving, look for the safest place to pull off the road. Park and turn on your vehicle’s emergency lights. Stay in your vehicle, unless you can safely make your way into a sturdy building.
- Listen to your NOAA Weather Radio or local news for storm-related updates.
- If you can hear thunder, you are technically in the danger zone. When lightning is in the area, there really is no safe place outdoors. As soon as you hear the rumble of thunder, it’s time to take shelter and head indoors.
- If you’re outside and cannot make it to a safe shelter, take cover in a low-lying area and minimize contact with the ground. Avoid hilltops, open fields, water, high ground, and tall, isolated trees.
- Avoid contact with metal objects such as fences, bleachers, golf clubs, fishing poles, or anything that can attract lightning.
PROTECTING YOURSELF IN THE STORM’S AFTERMATH
As with all natural disasters, after the storm passes you still need to be on alert. There may be other storms in the area, and there are dangers that can be present in the immediate aftermath of the storm.
- Avoid flooded roadways and stay away from storm-damaged areas.
- Continue to listen to local news updates for storm-related information and instructions.
- Be on the lookout for downed power lines. If you see one, immediately report it to the power company, police, or fire department.
- If you lose power, heat-related illness can become a real threat during hot summer months. Stay hydrated, work during cooler hours of the day, and watch for signs of heat illness in yourself and others.
TORNADOES—THE ULTIMATE SUMMER STORM THREAT
Tornadoes are one of the most violent and devastating storms you can face. Their destructive speed and power is unmatched by any other weather phenomenon. Tornado winds have been clocked in excess of 300 miles (483 km) per hour and can leave a path of destruction over 50 miles (80 km) long. They can last from several seconds to over an hour, with the average tornado lasting around five minutes.
How Real Is the Threat?
The level of threat tornadoes pose depends on where you live. Although they are often associated with areas in the central United States, tornadoes can occur in many other parts of the world as well, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and South America.
Tornadoes most often occur during the spring and summer in the late afternoon or early evening hours during certain types of atmospheric conditions. One of the biggest tornado-related concerns is the speed with which they can develop—sometimes forming without warning. Although tornados can seem to come out of nowhere, forecasters are getting better at predicting when they might occur so you need to take weather-related warnings seriously.
How Dangerous Is the Threat?
In the United States alone, more than one thousand tornadoes are reported every year. The path of destruction can be up to a mile (1.6 km) wide, and in some cases more than 50 miles (80 km) long.
- The strong winds generated by tornadoes can send cars airborne, flattening homes and entire towns, and damaging vital infrastructure.
- Flying debris presents one of the biggest threats during a tornado, which can turn broken glass and debris into lethal projectiles that can easily penetrate a person.
- They can strike quickly, and sometimes without warning.
- They are most often associated with severe thunderstorms but can also accompany tropical storms and hurricanes.
Attributes of a Tornado
The best way to limit your risk is to pay attention to local weather reports. When a tornado watch or warning is issued, you need to take it seriously. Unfortunately, a lot of people tend to ignore these warnings since approximately 70 percent of the ones issued in the United States each year are false alarms. Although the science behind predicting them is far from perfect, when they do hit, these alerts can give you a ten-minute head start and can help you take the proper precautions.
Paying attention to local weather reports can help, but knowing what to watch for can save your life. Here’s what you need to watch out for:
- Dead calm. it may seem weird, but many times an approaching tornado can cause an intense storm to suddenly seem like it’s stopped.
- Sounds similar to a freight train. If you hear a continuous low rumbling noise or something that sounds like thunder that doesn’t stop, there’s a good chance the sound is being caused by an approaching tornado.
- Rotation in the clouds. Rotation in the cloud base or whirling debris are often the first signs of a tornado. A cloud of debris can be a sign of trouble, even if a funnel cloud is not visible.
- Wall clouds. A wall cloud is often a very telling sign—one that signals trouble is near. Watch for any clouds that appear to extend out below the main cloud line, especially ones that have a blimp-like structure.
What to Do During a Tornado
Take shelter. After a tornado warning has been issued, make your way to a basement or underground shelter. If you don’t have access to a basement, head toward an interior room at the lowest level of your home.
Stay away from doors and windows. Closets and hallways are going to be far safer than a room with windows or doors to the outside.
If you’re outside
- Immediately make your way to the closest sturdy shelter.
- If you can’t make it to a shelter, look for the lowest level in the area and immediately move toward it. Something like a culvert or roadway ditch is going to be a much better option than an open field.
- Do not get under a highway overpass or bridge. Despite what the movies may show, these areas are extremely dangerous during a tornado and can create a deadly wind tunnel. You are far safer in a low, flat location.
- Cover your head with a coat, blanket or any other cushioning you can find.
Preparing a Tornado Safe Room
If you live in a high-risk tornado area, seriously consider building a safe room where your family can seek refuge during a storm. The best place to build your shelter is underground. If you don’t have the ability to build an underground shelter, other areas you may want to consider include:
- your basement; shelters built below ground level will offer the highest level of protection
- under a concrete slab or garage floor
- an interior room or closet on the ground floor of your home
Your shelter should be built to withstand high winds, and should be filled with emergency supplies and a way to communicate with the outside world. Other considerations include:
- Anchor the shelter to resist lifting or overturning.
- Use high-strength building materials that will stand up against falling and flying debris.
- Making sure the shelter is properly ventilated and cannot be obstructed by debris.