Sources and Bibliography

Unpublished Official Records

The National Archives, Kew, London

OFFICIAL HISTORIES: CORRESPONDENCE

CAB 45/122 Lys, 1918

CAB 45/133 Somme, 1916 (D–F)

CAB 45/134 Somme, 1916 (G–H)

CAB 45/135 Somme, 1916 (I–L)

CAB 45/138 Somme, 1916 (T–Y)

CAB 45/139 Vimy Ridge

CAB 45/189 Fourth Army Operations (G–L)

CAB 103/113 Cabinet Office Historical Section, 1946–1953

WAR DIARIES

WO 95/372 Third Army

WO 95/518 Fifth (Reserve) Army

WO 95/639 II Corps

WO 95/651 II Corps, BGRA

WO 95/654 II Corps, Commander Heavy Artillery

WO 95/678 III Corps

WO 95/750 V Corps

WO 95/756 V Corps, BGRA

WO 95/1140 12th Lancers

WO 95/1368 99th Brigade

WO 95/1678 8th Division

WO 95/1702/1 22nd Durham Light Infantry

WO 95/1711 23rd Brigade

WO 95/1712 2nd Devonshire

WO 95/1713/2 2nd Middlesex

WO 95/1714 2nd West Yorkshire

WO 95/1721 1st Sherwood Foresters

WO 95/1722 2nd Northamptonshire

WO 95/1728 25th Brigade

WO 95/1729/1 2nd Royal Berkshire

WO 95/1729/2 2nd East Lancashire

WO 95/1824-7 12th Division

WO 95/1848-9 35th Brigade

WO 95/1836/3 62nd Brigade, RFA

WO 95/1838/1 63rd Brigade, RFA

WO 95/1850/2 1/1st Cambridgeshire

WO 95/1851 9th Essex

WO 95/1853 7th Norfolk

WO 95/1855 36th Brigade

WO 95/1856/1 5th Royal Berkshire

WO 95/1856/3 7th Royal Sussex

WO 95/1857/2 9th Royal Fusiliers

WO 95/1859 37th Brigade

WO 95/1860 7th Buffs

WO 95/1861 6th Royal West Kent

WO 95/1863/1 6th Queen’s

WO 95/1875 14th (Light) Division

WO 95/1894 41st Brigade

WO 95/1899 42nd Brigade

WO 95/1985 17th (Northern) Division

WO 95/1999 50th Brigade

WO 95/2015-7 18th (Eastern) Division

WO 95/2034-6 53rd Brigade

WO 95/2037 8th Royal Berkshire

WO 95/2038 10th Essex

WO 95/2039 8th Suffolk

WO 95/2040 7th Royal West Kent

WO 95/2041-2 54th Brigade

WO 95/2042 7th Bedfordshire

WO 94/2044 6th Northamptonshire

WO 95/2045 11th Royal Fusiliers

WO 95/2046-8 55th Brigade

WO 95/2049 7th Royal West Kent

WO 95/2049 7th Buffs

WO 95/2050 8th East Surrey

WO 95/2051 7th Queen’s

WO 95/2133-4 21st Division

WO 95/2151-3 62nd Brigade

WO 95/2154 1st Lincolnshire

WO 95/2154 2nd Lincolnshire

WO 95/2155 12th/13th Northumberland Fusiliers

WO 95/2159-60 64th Brigade

WO 95/2161 1st East Yorkshire

WO 95/2161 15th Durham Light Infantry

WO 95/2162 9th King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry

WO 95/2163 110th Brigade

WO 95/2164 6th Leicestershire

WO 95/2164 7th Leicestershire

WO 95/2368 32nd Division

WO 95/2403 16th Highland Light Infantry

WO 95/2403 17th Highland Light Infantry

WO 95/2403 11th Border

WO 95/2468 35th (Bantam) Division

WO 95/2472 35th Division, ADMS

WO 95/2482 104th Brigade

WO 95/2484 17th Lancashire Fusiliers

WO 95/2485 105th Brigade

WO 95/2487 16th Cheshire

WO 95/2488 14th Gloucestershire

WO 95/2488 15th Sherwood Foresters

WO 95/2490 19th Durham Light Infantry

WO 95/2540 38th (Welsh) Division

WO 95/2552-4 113th Brigade

WO 95/2555/1 13th Royal Welsh Fusiliers

WO 95/2557-8 114th Brigade

WO 95/2559/3 14th Welsh

WO 95/2560 115th Brigade

WO 95/2561/1 2nd Royal Welsh Fusiliers

WO 95/2617 41st Division

WO 95/3000 173rd Brigade

WO 95/3001/4 2/2nd London

WO 95/3001/5 3rd London

WO 95/3001/9 2/4th London

WO 95/3005/3 6th London

WO 95/3009/5 2/10th London

WO 95/3764 2nd Canadian Brigade

JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL’S OFFICE: COURTS MARTIAL PROCEEDINGS

WO 71/534 Field General Court Martial (Lance-Corporal P. Goggins)

WO 71/535 Field General Court Martial (Lance-Sergeant J.W. Stones)

WO 213/10 Register of Field General Courts Martial, July 1916–September 1916

WO 213/11 Register of Field General Courts Martial, September 1916–September 1917

WO 213/13 Register of Field General Courts Martial, January 1917–March 1917

MILITARY HEADQUARTERS PAPERS

WO 158/21 GHQ Correspondence with CIGS and Secretary of State for War, 1915–1916

WO 158/227 Third Army Operations, July–September 1918

WO 158/241 Fourth Army Operations, July–August 1918

WO 158/247 Fifth Army Operations, November 1916–March 1917

WO 158/252 Fifth Army Operations, November 1917–July 1918

OFFICERS’ FILES

WO 374/17191 Officer’s Personal File (H.R. Cumming)

Australian War Memorial, Canberra

WAR DIARIES

AWM 4, 1/53/26 5th Australian Division

AWM 4, 23/13/27 13th Australian Brigade

AWM 4, 23/15/26 15th Australian Brigade

AWM 4, 23/35/33 18th Battalion, AIF

AWM 4, 23/36/27 19th Battalion, AIF

AWM 4, 23/37/33 20th Battalion, AIF

AWM 4, 23/50/17 33rd Battalion, AIF

AWM 4, 23/50/18 33rd Battalion, AIF

AWM 4, 23/52/10 35th Battalion, AIF

AWM 4, 23/53/18 36th Battalion, AIF

AWM 4, 23/68/26 51st Battalion, AIF

AWM 4, 23/69/25 52nd Battalion. AIF

AWM 4, 23/76/27 59th Battalion, AIF

Imperial War Museum, London

Fourth Army papers

Unpublished Private Records

The National Archives, Kew, London

Field-Marshal Earl Haig (Diaries: WO 256/11–256/36)

Australian War Memorial, Canberra

Lieutenant J.W. Axtens

C.E.W. Bean

Brigadier-General H.E. Elliott

Major-General Sir John Gellibrand

Lieutenant-Colonel H.A. Goddard

General Sir John Monash

Lieutenant S.R. Traill

Brotherton Library, University of Leeds

Colonel R.A. Chell

Churchill Archive Centre, Churchill College, Cambridge

General Lord Rawlinson

Imperial War Museum, London

Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Butler

Private Robert Cude

M. Hardie

Lieutenant-Colonel H.H. Hemming

General Sir Ivor Maxse

Major-General Sir Reginald Pinney

Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King’s College, London

Field-Marshal Viscount Alanbrooke

Brigadier Sir Edward Beddington

Major-General J.F.C. Fuller

Captain Sir Basil Liddell Hart

Field-Marshal Sir Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd

National Army Museum, London

General Lord Rawlinson

National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh

Field-Marshal Earl Haig

Parliamentary Archive, House of Lords

David (Earl) Lloyd George

Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, Belfast

Major-General Sir Oliver Nugent (Farren Connell papers)

Published Sources

Official Histories

Edmonds, Brigadier-General Sir James, Military Operations: France and Belgium, 1916, Volume I, Macmillan, London, 1932

Miles, Captain Wilfrid, Military Operations: France and Belgium, 1916, Volume II, Macmillan, London, 1938

Falls, Captain Cyril, Military Operations: France and Belgium, 1917, Volume I, Macmillan, London, 1940

Edmonds, Brigadier-General Sir James, Military Operations: France and Belgium, 1917, Volume II, HMSO, London, 1948

Miles, Captain Wilfrid, Military Operations: France and Belgium, 1917, Volume III, HMSO, London, 1948

Edmonds, Brigadier-General Sir James, Military Operations: France and Belgium, 1918, Volume I, Macmillan, London, 1935

——, Military Operations: France and Belgium, 1918, Volume II, Macmillan, London, 1937

——, Military Operations: France and Belgium, 1918, Volume III, Macmillan, London, 1939

——, Military Operations: France and Belgium, 1918, Volume IV, HMSO, London, 1947

——, Military Operations: France and Belgium, 1918, Volume V, HMSO, London, 1947

Becke, Major A.F., Order of Battle of Divisions: Part 3A, New Army Divisions (9–26), HMSO, London, 1938

——, Order of Battle of Divisions: Part 3B, New Army Divisions (30–41) and 63rd (R.N.) Division, HMSO, London, 1945

Henniker, Colonel A.M., Transportation on the Western Front, 1914–1918, HMSO, London, 1937

Bean, C.E.W., The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918: Volume III, The Australian Imperial Force in France, 1916, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1929

——, Volume IV, The Australian Imperial Force in France, 1917, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1939

——, Volume V, The Australian Imperial Force in France during the Main German Offensive, 1918, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1937

——, Volume VI, The Australian Imperial Force in France during the Allied Offensive, 1918, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1942

Official Publications and GHQ/Stationery Service Pamphlets

Field Service Regulations, Part I: Operations (1909)

Maxse, Major-General F.I., The 18th Division in the Battle of the Ancre, printed report, December 1916

SS 135: Instructions for the Training of Divisions for Offensive Action (December 1916)

SS 139/3: Artillery Notes, No. 3: Counter-Battery Work (March 1917)

SS 143: Instructions for the Training of Platoons for Offensive Action (February 1917)

SS 144: The Normal Formation for the Attack (February 1917)

SS 152: Instructions for the Training of the British Armies in France (June 1917)

Biographies, Memoirs and Personal Experience Accounts

Baynes, John, Far from a Donkey: The Life of General Sir Ivor Maxse, KCB, CVO, DSO, Brassey’s, London, 1995

Beach, Jim (ed.), The Military Papers of Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Cuthbert Headlam, 1910–1942, History Press, Stroud, for the Army Records Society, 2010

Bourne, John and Bushaway, Bob (eds), Joffrey’s War: A Sherwood Forester in the Great War (Geoffrey Ratcliff Husbands), Salient Books, Nottingham, 2011

Churchill, Winston S., The World Crisis, 1911–1918, 2 vols, Odhams, London, 1938

Cross C. (ed.), Life with Lloyd George: The Diary of A.J. Sylvester, 1931–45, Macmillan, London, 1975

Cumming, Hanway R., A Brigadier in France, 1917–1918, Cape, London, 1921

De Groot, Gerard, Douglas Haig, 1861–1928, Unwin Hyman, London, 1988

Dunn, Captain J.C., The War the Infantry Knew, 1914–1918, Sphere Books edition, London, 1989

Edmonds, Charles (Charles Carrington), A Subaltern’s War, Anthony Mott edition, London, 1984

Farrar-Hockley, Anthony, Goughie: The Life of General Sir Hubert Gough, Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, London, 1975

Fuller, Major-General J.F.C., Memoirs of an Unconventional Soldier, Ivor Nicholson and Watson, London, 1936

Griffith, Wyn, Up to Mametz, Faber, London, 1931

Haldane, General Sir Aylmer, A Soldier’s Saga, Blackwood, Edinburgh, 1948

Harris, J.P., Douglas Haig and the First World War, Cambridge University Press, 2008

Hyatt, A.M.J., General Sir Arthur Currie: A Military Biography, Toronto University Press, 1987

Kelly, D.V., 39 Months with the ‘Tigers’, Ernest Benn, London, 1930

Kiernan, R.H., Little Brother Goes Soldiering, Constable, London, 1930

Langguth, A.J., Saki: A Life of Hector Hugh Munro, Oxford University Press, 1981

Liddell Hart, B.H., Memoirs, Volume I, Cassell, London, 1965

Lloyd George, David, War Memoirs, 6 vols, Ivor Nicholson and Watson, London, 1933–1936 and abridged edn, 2 vols, Odhams, London, 1938

Ludendorff, General Erich, My War Memories, 1914–18, 2 vols, Hutchinson, London, n.d. McMullin, Ross, Pompey Elliott, Scribe, Melbourne, 2002

Maxwell, Charlotte (ed.), Frank Maxwell, Brig.-General VC, CSI, DSO: A Memoir and Some Letters, John Murray, London, 1921

Mead, Gary, The Good Soldier: The Biography of Douglas Haig, Atlantic Books, London, 2007

Mearsheimer, John J., Liddell Hart and the Weight of History, Cornell University Press and Brassey’s, London, 1988

Perry, Nicholas (ed.), Major-General Oliver Nugent and the Ulster Division, 1915–1918, Sutton, Stroud, for the Army Records Society, 2007

Pollard, Alfred, Fire-Eater: The Memoirs of a VC, Hutchinson, London, 1932

Prior, Robin and Wilson, Trevor, Command on the Western Front: The Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1914–18, Blackwell, Oxford, 1992

Reid, Walter, Architect of Victory: Douglas Haig, Birlinn, Edinburgh, 2006

Richards, Frank, Old Soldiers Never Die, Faber, London, 1933

Sheffield, Gary, The Chief: Douglas Haig and the British Army, Aurum Press, London, 2011

—— and Bourne, John (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters, 1914–1918, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2005

—— and Inglis, G.I.S. (eds), From Vimy Ridge to the Rhine: The Great War Letters of Christopher Stone, DSO, MC, Crowood Press, Marlborough, 1989

Terraine, John (ed.), General Jack’s Diary: The Trench Diary of Brigadier-General J.L. Jack, DSO, Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1964

——, Douglas Haig: The Educated Soldier, Cassell, London, 1963

Thomas, Alan, A Life Apart, Gollancz, London, 1968

Wiest, Andrew A., Haig: The Evolution of a Commander, Potomac Books, Dulles VA, 2005

Unit Histories

Aiken, Alex, Courage Past: A Duty Done (1/9th Highland Light Infantry), published by the author, Glasgow, 1971

Alexander, Jack, McRae’s Battalion: The Story of the 16th Royal Scots, Mainstream, Edinburgh, 2003

Arthur, J.W. and Munro, I.S. (eds), The Seventeenth Highland Light Infantry (Glasgow Chamber of Commerce Battalion): Record of War Service, 1914–1918, Clark, Glasgow, 1920

Atkinson, C.T., The Queen’s Own Royal West Kent Regiment, 1914–1919, Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent and Co., London, 1924

Atteridge, A. Hilliard, History of the 17th (Northern) Division, Maclehose, for the Glasgow University Press, 1929

Bacon, Maurice, and Langley, David, The Blast of War: A History of Nottingham’s Bantams, 15th (S) Battalion, Sherwood Foresters, Sherwood Press, Nottingham, 1986

Banks, Lieutenant-Colonel T.M. and Chell, Captain R.A., With the 10th Essex in France, Burt and Sons, London, 1921

Barlow, Sir C.A. Montague, The Lancashire Fusiliers: The Roll of Honour of the Salford Brigade, Sherratt and Hughes, Manchester, 1920

Bird, Derek, The Spirit of the Troops is Excellent: The 6th (Morayshire) Battalion, Seaforth Highlanders, in the Great War, 1914–1919, Birdbrain Books, Moray, 2008

Blair, Dale, Dinkum Diggers: An Australian Battalion at War (1st Battalion AIF), Melbourne University Press, 2001

Boraston, Lieutenant-Colonel J.H. and Bax, Captain Cyril E.O., The Eighth Division in War, 1914–1918, Medici Society, London, 1922

Burrows, John W., The Essex Regiment: 9th, 10th, 11th, 13th and 15th Battalions, John H. Burrows and Sons, Southend, 1935

——, The Essex Regiment: Essex Territorial Infantry Brigade (4th, 5th, 6th and 7th Battalions), John H. Burrows and Sons, Southend, 1932

Chalmers, Thomas (ed.), An Epic of Glasgow: History of the 15th Battalion The Highland Light Infantry (City of Glasgow Regiment), McCallum, Glasgow, 1934

——, A Saga of Scotland: History of the 16th Battalion The Highland Light Infantry, McCallum, Glasgow, 1930

Clayton, Derek, From Pontefract to Picardy: The 9th King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry in the First World War, Tempus, Stroud, 2004

Connelly, Mark, Steady the Buffs!: A Regiment, A Region and the Great War, Oxford University Press, 2006

Cooke, Captain C.H., Historical Records of the 16th (Service) Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers, Newcastle and Gateshead Chamber of Commerce, 1923

Davson, Lieutenant-Colonel H.M., The History of the 35th Division in the Great War, Sifton Praed, London, 1926

Deacon, M.G. (ed.), The Shiny Seventh: The 7th (Service) Battalion Bedfordshire Regiment at War, 1915–1918, Bedfordshire Historical Record Society/Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2004

Denman, Terence, Ireland’s Unknown Soldiers: The 16th (Irish) Division in World War I, Irish Academic Press, Dublin, 1992

Ellis, Captain A.D., The Story of the Fifth Australian Division: Being an Authoritative Account of the Division’s Doings in Egypt, France and Belgium, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1920

‘E.R.’, The 54th Infantry Brigade, 1914–1918: Some Records of Battle and Laughter in France, Gale and Polden, Aldershot, 1919

Ewing, John, The History of the 9th (Scottish) Division, 1914–1919, John Murrary, London, 1921

Falls, Cyril, The History of the 36th (Ulster) Division, M’Caw, Stevenson and Orr, Belfast and London, 1922

Farndale, General Sir Martin, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Western Front 1914–18, Royal Artillery Institution, Woolwich, 1986

Fox, Colin, et al. (eds), Their Duty Done: The Kitchener Battalions of the Royal Berkshire Regiment, 1918, Centre for Continuing Education, University of Reading, 1998

Gough, General Sir Hubert, The Fifth Army, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1931

Grey, Major W.E., The 2nd City of London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers) in the Great War, 1914–1919, Regimental Headquarters, London, 1929

Hughes, Colin, Mametz: Lloyd George’s ‘Welsh Army’ at the Battle of the Somme, Orion Press, Gerrards Cross, 1982 and Gliddon Books edn, Norwich, 1990

Hussey, Brigadier-General A.H. and Inman, Major D.S., The Fifth Division in the Great War, Nisbet, London, 1921

Kincaid-Smith, Lieutenant-Colonel M., The 25th Division in France and Flanders, Harrison, London, 1919

Knight, Jill, The Civil Service Rifles in the Great War: ‘All Bloody Gentlemen’, Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2004

McCartney, Helen B., Citizen Soldiers: The Liverpool Territorials in the First World War, Cambridge University Press, 2005

McGreal, Stephen, Cheshire Bantams: 15th, 16th and 17th Battalions of the Cheshire Regiment, Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2006

Marden, Major-General Sir Thomas, The History of the Welch Regiment: Part II, 1914–1918, Western Mail and Echo, Cardiff, 1932

Mitchinson, K.W., Gentlemen and Officers: The Impact and Experience of War on a Territorial Regiment (London Rifle Brigade), 1914–1918, Imperial War Museum, London, 1995

—— and McInnes, Ian, Cotton Town Comrades: The Story of the Oldham Pals Battalion, 1914–1919, Bayonet Publications, 1993

Montgomery, Major-General Sir Archibald, The Story of the Fourth Army in the Battles of the Hundred Days, August 8th to November 11th, 1918, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1919

Moody, Colonel R.S.H., Historical Records of The Buffs, East Kent Regiment, 1914–1919, Medici Society, London, 1922

Morse, John Stephen, 9th (Service) Battalion The Sherwood Foresters (Notts and Derby Regiment), Tommies Guides, Eastbourne, 2007

Munby, Lieutenant-Colonel J.E. (ed.), A History of the 38th (Welsh) Division: By the G.S.O.’s I of the Division, Hugh Rees, London, 1920

Murphy, Lieutenant-Colonel C.C.R., The History of the Suffolk Regiment, 1914–1927, Hutchinson, London, 1928

Nichols, Captain G.H.F., The 18th Division in the Great War, Blackwood, Edinburgh and London, 1922

Orr, Philip, The Road to the Somme: Men of the Ulster Division Tell Their Story, Blackstaff Press, Belfast, 1987

Osborne, Wayne, The 10th Notts and Derbys in the Great War: Dorset 1914 to Ypres 1915, Salient Books, Nottingham, 2009

Radley, Kenneth, We Lead, Others Follow: First Canadian Division, 1914–1918, Vanwell, St Catherine’s, 2006

Richardson, Matthew, The Tigers: 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th (Service) Battalions of the Leicestershire Regiment, Leo Cooper/Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2000

Riddell, Brigadier-General E. and Clayton, Colonel M.C., The Cambridgeshires, 1914 to 1919, Bowes and Bowes, Cambridge, 1934

Rutter, Owen (ed.), The History of the Seventh (Service) Battalion, The Royal Sussex Regiment, 1914–1919, The Times Publishing Company, London, 1934

Scott, Major-General Sir Arthur B. and Brumwell, P. Middleton, History of the 12th (Eastern) Division in the Great War, 1914–1918, Nisbet, London, 1923

Sellers, Leonard, The Hood Battalion, Leo Cooper/Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2005

Shakespear, Lieutenant-Colonel J., The Thirty-Fourth Division, 1915–1919: The Story of its Career from Ripon to the Rhine, Witherby, London, 1921

Sheen, John, Durham Pals: 18th, 19th and 22nd Battalions of the Durham Light Infantry. A History of Three Battalions Raised by Local Committee in County Durham, Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2007

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Turner, William, Accrington Pals: The 11th (Service) Battalion (Accrington) East Lancashire Regiment. A History of the Battalion raised from Accrington, Blackburn, Burnley and Chorley in World War One, Wharncliffe, Barnsley, 1987

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General Works

Bailey, Jonathan, ‘The First World War and the Birth of the Modern Style of Warfare’, The Occasional, No. 21, Strategic and Combat Studies Institute, Camberley, 1996

Baker, Chris, The Battle for Flanders: German Defeat on the Lys, 1918, Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2011

Bennett, Scott, Pozières: The Anzac Story, Scribe, Melbourne, 2011

Bidwell, Shelford and Graham, Dominick, Fire-Power: British Army Weapons and Theories of War, 1904–1945, Allen and Unwin, London, 1982

Blair, Dale, The Battle of Bellicourt Tunnel: Tommies, Diggers and Doughboys on the Hindenburg Line, 1918, Frontline Books (Pen and Sword), London, 2011

Blaxland, Gregory, Amiens 1918, Frederick Muller, London, 1968

Boff, Jonathan, Winning and Losing on the Western Front: The British Third Army and the Defeat of Germany 1918, Cambridge University Press, 2012

Bond, Brian, The Unquiet Western Front: Britain’s Role in Literature and Politics, Cambridge University Press, 2002

—— and Cave, Nigel (eds), Haig: A Reappraisal 70 Years On, Leo Cooper/Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 1999

—— et al., Look to Your Front: Studies in the First World War by the British Commission for Military History, Spellmount, Staplehurst, 1999

—— (ed.), The First World War and British Military History, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1991

Bourne, John, Who’s Who in World War One, Routledge, London, 2001

Bowman, Timothy, The Irish Regiments in the Great War: Discipline and Morale, Manchester University Press, 2003

Brown, Ian M., British Logistics on the Western Front, 1914–1919, Praeger, Westport CT and London, 1998

Brown, Malcolm, The Imperial War Museum Book of 1918: Year of Victory, Sidgwick and Jackson, London, 1998

——, The Imperial War Museum Book of the Somme, Sidgwick and Jackson, London, 1996

——, The Imperial War Museum Book of the Western Front, Sidgwick and Jackson, London, 1993

——, Tommy Goes to War, Dent, London, 1978

Charlton, Peter, Australians on the Somme: Pozières 1916, Leo Cooper/Secker and Warburg, London, 1986

Chasseaud, Peter, Artillery’s Astrologers: A History of British Survey and Mapping on the Western Front, 1914–1918, Mapbooks, Lewes, 1999

Clark, Alan, The Donkeys, Hutchinson, London, 1961

Cobb, Paul, Fromelles 1916, Tempus, Stroud, 2007

Cook, Tim, Shock Troops: Canadians Fighting the Great War, 1917–1918, Viking, Toronto, 2008

——, At the Sharp End: Canadians Fighting the Great War, 1914–1916, Viking, Toronto, 2007

Cornish, Paul, Machine Guns and the Great War, Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2009

Corns, Cathryn and Hughes-Wilson, John, Blindfold and Alone: British Military Executions in the Great War, Cassell, London, 2001

Davies, Frank and Maddocks, Graham, Bloody Red Tabs: General Officer Casualties of the Great War, 1914–1918, Leo Cooper/Pen and Sword, London and Barnsley, 1995

Dennis, Peter and Grey, Jeffrey (eds), 1918: Defining Victory, Proceedings of the Chief of Army’s History Conference, Canberra, 1998, Army History Unit, Canberra, 1999

Duffy, Christopher, Through German Eyes: The British and the Somme 1916, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2006

Essame, Hubert, The Battle for Europe 1918, Batsford, London, 1972

Farrar-Hockley, Anthony, The Somme, Batsford, London, 1964 and Pan Books edn, London, 1970

Fletcher, David (ed.), Tanks and Trenches: First-Hand Accounts of Tank Warfare in the First World War, Sutton, Stroud, 1994

Gardner, Brian, The Big Push: A Portrait of the Battle of the Somme, Cassell, London, 1961

Gliddon, Gerald, VCs Handbook: The Western Front 1914–1918, Sutton, Stroud, 2005

——, VCs of the First World War: The Somme, Sutton, Stroud, 1997

Griffith, Paddy (ed.), British Fighting Methods in the Great War, Frank Cass, London, 1996

——, Battle Tactics of the Western Front: The British Army’s Art of Attack, 1916–18, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1994

Grotelueschen, Mark Ethan, The AEF Way of War: The American Army and Combat in World War I, Cambridge University Press, 2007

Gudmundsson, Bruce I., Stormtroop Tactics: Innovation in the German Army, 1914–1918, Praeger, New York, 1989

Hammond, Bryn, Cambrai 1917: The Myth of the First Great Tank Battle, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2008

Harper, Glyn, Dark Journey: Three Key New Zealand Battles of the Western Front, Harper Collins, Auckland, 2007

Harris, J.P. and Barr, Niall, Amiens to the Armistice: The BEF in the Hundred Days Campaign, 8 August–11 November 1918, Brassey’s, London, 1998

Hart, Peter, 1918: A Very British Victory, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2008

——, The Somme, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2005

Hayes, Geoffrey, Iarocci, Andrew and Bechtold, Mike (eds), Vimy Ridge: A Canadian Reassessment, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Waterloo, Ontario, 2007

Holmes, Richard, Tommy: The British Soldier on the Western Front, 1914–1918, Harper Collins, London, 2004

Hughes, Matthew and Seligmann, Matthew (eds), Leadership in Conflict, 1914–1918, Leo Cooper/Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2000

Keegan, John, The First World War, Hutchinson, London, 1998

——, The Face of Battle, Penguin edn, London, 1976

Kendall, Paul, Bullecourt 1917: Breaching the Hindenburg Line, Spellmount, Stroud, 2010

Lewis-Stempel, John, Six Weeks: The Short and Gallant Life of the British Officer in the First World War, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2010

Liddell Hart, B.H., The Tanks, Volume I, Cassell, London, 1959

——, A History of the World War, 1914–1918, Faber, London, 1934

——, The Real War 1914–1918, Faber, London, 1930

——, Reputations, John Murray, London, 1928

Liddle, Peter H. (ed.), Passchendaele in Perspective: The Third Battle of Ypres, Leo Cooper, London, 1997

Liddle, Peter H. and Hugh Cecil (eds), Facing Armageddon: The First World War Experienced, Leo Cooper/Pen and Sword, London and Barnsley, 1996

McCarthy, Chris, The Somme: The Day-by-Day Account, Arms and Armour Press, London, 1993

Macdonald, Lyn, Somme, Michael Joseph, London, 1983

Marble, Sanders, British Artillery on the Western Front in the First World War: The Infantry cannot do with a gun less, Ashgate, Farnham, 2013

—— (ed.), Scraping the Barrel: The Military Use of Substandard Manpower, 1860–1960, Fordham University Press, New York, 2012

Messenger, Charles, The Day We Won The War: Turning Point at Amiens, 8 August 1918, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2008

Middlebrook, Martin, The First Day on the Somme: 1 July 1916, Allen Lane/The Penguin Press, London, 1971

Millman, Brock, Pessimism and British War Policy, 1916–18, Frank Cass, London, 2001

Moore-Bick, Christopher, Playing the Game: The British Junior Infantry Officer on the Western Front 1914–18, Helion, Solihull, 2011

Morton, Desmond, When Your Number’s Up: The Canadian Soldier in the First World War, Random House, Toronto, 1993

Nicholls, Jonathan, Cheerful Sacrifice: The Battle of Arras 1917, Leo Cooper, London, 1990

Nicholson, W.N., Behind the Lines: An Account of Administrative Staffwork in the British Army, 1914–18, Cape, London, 1939

Oram, Gerard, Death Sentences Passed by Military Courts of the British Army 1914–1924, Francis Boutle, London, 2005

Palat, Général Barthélemy E., La Grande Guerre sur le Front Occidental, 14 vols, Berger-Levrault, Paris, 1917–1929

Palazzo, Albert, Seeking Victory on the Western Front: The British Army and Chemical Warfare in World War I, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln NE and London, 2000

Passingham, Ian, All the Kaiser’s Men: The Life and Death of the German Army on the Western Front, 1914–1918, Sutton, Stroud, 2003

——, Pillars of Fire: The Battle of Messines Ridge, June 1917, Sutton, Stroud, 1998

Pedersen, Peter, The Anzacs: Gallipoli to the Western Front, Viking, Camberwell, Vic., 2007

——, Villers-Bretonneux, Battleground Europe series, Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2004

Philpott, William, Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century, Little, Brown, London, 2009

——, Anglo-French Relations and Strategy on the Western Front, 1914–18, Macmillan, London, 1996

Pidgeon, Trevor, Boom Ravine, Battleground Europe series, Leo Cooper/Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 1998

——, The Tanks at Flers: An Account of the First Use of Tanks in War at the Battle of Flers-Courcelette, The Somme, 15 September 1916, Fairmile Books, Cobham, Surrey, 1995

Prior, Robin and Wilson, Trevor, The Somme, Yale University Press, New Haven CT and London, 2005

Pugsley, Christopher, The Anzac Experience: New Zealand, Australia and Empire in the First World War, Reid, Auckland, 2004

——, On the Fringe of Hell: New Zealanders and Military Discipline in the First World War, Hodder and Stoughton, Auckland, 1991

Putkowski, Julian and Sykes, Julian, Shot at Dawn: Executions in World War One by authority of the Brirtish Army Act, Wharncliffe, Barnsley, 1989

Rawling, Bill, Surviving Trench Warfare: Technology and the Canadian Corps, 1914–1918, University of Toronto Press, 1987

Robbins, Simon, British Generalship on the Western Front, 1914–18: Defeat into Victory, Frank Cass, London, 2005

Samuels, Martin, Command or Control?: Command, Training and Tactics in the British and German Armies, 1888–1918, Frank Cass, London, 1995

——, Doctrine and Dogma: German and British Infantry Tactics in the First World War, Greenwood Press, Westport CT, 1992

Sheffield, Gary, The Somme, Cassell, London, 2003

——, Forgotten Victory. The First World War: Myths and Realities, Headline, London, 2001

——, Leadership in the Trenches: Officer-Man Relations, Morale and Discipline in the British Army in the Era of the First World War, Macmillan, London, 2000

——, Leadership and Command: The Anglo-American Military Experience since 1861, Brassey’s London, 1997

——, and Peter Gray (eds), Changing War: The British Army, the Hundred Days Campaign and the Birth of the Royal Air Force, 1918, Bloomsbury, London, 2013

——, and Todman, Dan (eds), Command and Control on the Western Front: The British Army’s Experience, 1914–1918, Spellmount, Staplehurst, 2004

Sheldon, Jack, The German Army on the Western Front, 1915, Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2012

——, The German Army at Ypres 1914 and the Battle for Flanders, Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2010

——, The German Army at Cambrai, Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2009

——, The German Army on Vimy Ridge, 1914–1917, Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2008

——, The German Army at Passchendaele, Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2007

——, The German Army on the Somme, 1914–1916, Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2006

Simkins, Peter, Kitchener’s Army: The Raising of the New Armies, 1914–16, Manchester University Press, 1988

Simpson, Andy, Directing Operations: British Corps Command on the Western Front 1914–18, Spellmount, Stroud, 2006

Stedman, Michael, Thiepval, Battleground Europe series, Leo Cooper/Pen and Sword, London and Barnsley, 1995

Stephen, Martin, The Price of Pity: Poetry, History and Myth in the Great War, Leo Cooper, London, 1996

Strong, Paul and Marble, Sanders, Artillery in the Great War, Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2011

Taylor, A.J.P., The First World War: An Illustrated History, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1963

Terraine, John, The Smoke and the Fire: Myths and Anti-Myths of War, 1861–1945, Sidgwick and Jackson, London, 1980

Travers, Tim, How the War was Won: Command and Technology in the British Army on the Western Front, 1917–1918, Routledge, London, 1992

——, The Killing Ground: The British Army, the Western Front and the Emergence of Modern Warfare, 1900–1918, Allen and Unwin, London, 1987

Walker, Jonathan, The Blood Tub: General Gough and the Battle of Bullecourt, 1917, Spellmount, Staplehurst, 1998

Watson, Alexander, Enduring the Great War: Combat, Morale and Collapse in the German and British Armies, 1914–1918, Cambridge University Press, 2008

Welborn, Suzanne, Lords of Death: A People, A Place, A Legend, Fremantle Arts Centre Press, 1982

Winter, Denis, Haig’s Command: A Reassessment, Viking, London, 1991

Wolff, Leon, In Flanders Fields: The 1917 Campaign, Longmans, London, 1959

Yockelson, Mitchell A., Borrowed Soldiers: Americans Under British Command, 1918, University of Oklahoma Press, 2008

Zabecki, David T., The German 1918 Offensives: A Case Study in the Operational Level of War, Routledge, Abingdon, 2006

Chapters, Essays and Journal Articles

Bailey, Jonathan, ‘British Artillery in the Great War’, in Paddy Griffith (ed.), British Fighting Methods in the Great War, Frank Cass, London, 1996

Bond, Brian, ‘Liddell Hart and the First World War’, in Look to Your Front: Studies in the First World War by the British Commission for Military History, Spellmount, Staplehurst, 1999

——, ‘Passchendaele: Verdicts, Past and Present’, in Peter H. Liddle (ed.), Passchendaele in Perspective: The Third Battle of Ypres, Leo Cooper, London, 1997

Boff, Jonathan, ‘Command Culture and Complexity: Third Army during the Hundred Days, August–November 1918’, in Gary Sheffield and Peter Gray (eds), Changing War: The British Army, the Hundred Days Campaign and the Birth of the Royal Air Force, 1918, Bloomsbury, London, 2013

Bourne, John, ‘The BEF on the Somme: Some Career Aspects – Part I, July 1916’, in Gun Fire: A Journal of First World War History, No. 35

——, ‘The BEF on the Somme: Some Career Aspects – Part Two: 2 July-19 November 1916’, in Gun Fire, No. 39

——, ‘A Personal Reflection on 1 July 1916’, in Firestep: The Magazine of the Western Front Association’s London Branch, Vol. 5, No. 2, November 2004

——, ‘Major-General W.C.G. Heneker: A Divisional Commander of the Great War’, in Matthew Hughes and Matthew Seligmann (eds), Leadership in Conflict, 1914–1918, Leo Cooper/Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2000

——, ‘Haig and the Historians’, in Brian Bond and Nigel Cave (eds), Haig: A Reappraisal 70 Years On, Leo Cooper/Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 1999

——, ‘The BEF’s Generals on 29 September 1918: An Empirical Portrait with some British and Australian Comparisons’, in Peter Dennis and Jeffrey Grey (eds), 1918: Defining Victory, Army History Unit, Canberra, 1999

——, ‘British Generals in the First World War’, in Gary Sheffield (ed.), Leadership and Command: The Anglo-American Military Experience since 1861, Brassey’s London, 1997

Danchev, Alex, ‘“Bunking and Debunking”: The Controversies of the 1960s’, in Brian Bond (ed.), The First World War and British Military History, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1991

French, David, ‘Sir James Edmonds and the Official History: France and Belgium’, in Brian Bond (ed.), The First World War and British Military History, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1991

Griffith, Paddy, ‘The Extent of Tactical Reform in the British Army’, in Paddy Griffith (ed.), British Fighting Methods in the Great War, Frank Cass, London, 1996

Humphries, Mark Osborne, ‘Old Wine in New Bottles: A Comparison of British and Canadian Preparations for the Battle of Arras’, in Geoffrey Hayes, Andrew Iarocci and Mike Bechtold (eds), Vimy Ridge: A Canadian Reassessment, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Waterloo, Ontario, 2007

Lee, John, ‘Command and Control in Battle: British Divisions on the Menin Road Ridge, 20 September 1917’, in Gary Sheffield and Dan Todman (eds), Command and Control on the Western Front: The British Army’s Experience, 1914–1918, Spellmount, Staplehurst, 2004

——, ‘Some Lessons of the Somme: The British Infantry in 1917’, in Look to Your Front: Studies in the First World War by the British Commission for Military History, Spellmount, Staplehurst, 1999

Leonard, Jane, ‘The Reaction of Irish Officers in the British Army to the Easter Rising of 1916’, in Peter H. Liddle and Hugh Cecil (eds), Facing Armageddon: The First World War Experienced, Leo Cooper/Pen and Sword, London and Barnsley, 1996

Peaty, John, ‘Capital Courts-Martial during the Great War’, in Look to Your Front: Studies in the First World War by the British Commission for Military History, Spellmount, Staplehurst, 1999

Philpott, William, ‘Marshal Ferdinand Foch and Allied Victory’, in Matthew Hughes and Matthew Seligmann (eds), Leadership in Conflict, 1914–1918, Leo Cooper/Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2000

Prior, Robin and Wilson, Trevor, ‘Winning the War’, in Peter Dennis and Jeffrey Grey (eds), 1918: Defining Victory, Army History Unit, Canberra, 1999

Sheffield, Gary and Todman, Dan, ‘Command and Control in the British Army on the Western Front’, in Gary Sheffield and Dan Todman (eds), Command and Control on the Western Front: The British Army’s Experience, 1914–1918, Spellmount, Staplehurst, 2004

Simkins, Peter, ‘Each One a Pocket Hercules: The Bantam Experiment and the Case of the Thirty-Fifth Division’, in Sanders Marble (ed.), Scraping the Barrel: The Military Use of Substandard Manpower, 1860–1960, Fordham University Press, New York, 2012

——, ‘“Just as Much as is Humanly Possible”: The 10th Essex at Thiepval, September 1916’, The Eagle: Journal of the Essex Regiment Association, Issue 57, Spring 2007

——, ‘The Very Model of a Modern Major-General: Major-General H.W. Higginson, CB, DSO and Bar, Royal Dublin Fusiliers’, The Blue Cap: Journal of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers Association, Vol. 14, December 2007

——, ‘“The Black Man”, “The Brat” and Londoners on the Somme: Some Reflections on the Capture of Thiepval, September 1916’, Firestep: The Magazine of the Western Front Association’s London Branch, Vol. 5, No. 2, November 2004

——, ‘“Building Blocks”: Aspects of Command and Control at Brigade Level in the BEF’s Offensive Operations, 1916–1918’, in Gary Sheffield and Dan Todman (eds), Command and Control on the Western Front: The British Army’s Experience, 1914–1918, Spellmount, Staplehurst, 2004

——, ‘For Better or For Worse: Sir Henry Rawlinson and his Allies in 1916 and 1918’, in Matthew Hughes and Matthew Seligmann (eds), Leadership in Conflict, 1914–1918, Leo Cooper/Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 2000

——, ‘Somme Reprise: Reflections on the Fighting for Albert and Bapaume, August 1918’, in Look to Your Front: Studies in the First World War by the British Commission for Military History, Spellmount, Staplehurst, 1999

——, ‘Haig and the Army Commanders’, in Brian Bond and Nigel Cave (eds), Haig: A Reappraisal 70 Years On, Leo Cooper/Pen and Sword, Barnsley, 1999

——, ‘The Events of the “Last Hundred Days”, 1918’, Royal United Services Institute Journal, Vol. 143, No. 6, December 1998

——, ‘The War Experience of a Typical Kitchener Division: The 18th Division, 1914–1918’, in Peter H. Liddle and Hugh Cecil (eds), Facing Armageddon: The First World War Experienced, Leo Cooper/Pen and Sword, London and Barnsley, 1996

——, ‘Co-Stars or Supporting Cast?: British Divisions in the “Hundred Days”, 1918’, in Paddy Griffith (ed.), British Fighting Methods in the Great War, Frank Cass, London, 1996

——, ‘Everyman at War: Recent Interpreations of the Front Line Experience’, in Brian Bond (ed.), The First World War and British Military History, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1991

Simpson, Andy, ‘British Corps Command on the Western Front, 1914–1918’, in Gary Sheffield and Dan Todman (eds), Command and Control on the Western Front: The British Army’s Experience, 1914–1918, Spellmount, Staplehurst, 2004

Battlefield Guides

Coombs, Rose E.B., Before Endeavours Fade: A Guide to the Battlefields of the First World War, After the Battle, London, 1976

Giles, John, The Somme: Then and Now, Bailey Brothers and Swinfen, Folkestone, 1977

Middlebrook, Martin and Mary, The Somme Battlefields: A Comprehensive Guide From Crécy to the Two World Wars, Viking, London, 1991

Theses and Dissertations

Geddes, Alistair, ‘Solly-Flood, GHQ and Tactical Training in the BEF, 1916–1918’, MA Dissertation, University of Birmingham, 2007

Molineux, Dave, ‘The Effect of Platoon Structure on Tactical Development in the BEF, June to November 1918’, MA Dissertation, University of Birmingham, 2009

Thomas, Alun, ‘The British 8th Infantry Division on the Western Front, 1914–18’, PhD Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010

Whitmarsh, Andrew, ‘Tactical and Operational Practice in the British Expeditionary Force. A Divisional Study: The 12th (Eastern) Division, 1915–1918’, MA Dissertation, University of Leeds, 1995