Chapter 4

* In 1868, the first nationalisation appeared in the form of the Government buying out the operators of the telegraph, including the many telegraph lines operated by the railway companies, and the measure was not without benefit to many of them as it released capital for other projects.

** These measures were so successful that the number of railwaymen killed in the ten years between 1879 and 1888 fell to 479.

Chapter 10

*Although formed originally to settle accounts between railway companies, including through tickets, freight receipts and tolls for running over another company’s lines, the Railway Clearing House did much to standardise systems, including such items as locomotive headcodes and signals, but in peacetime could only progress as far as individual companies would allow.