Lungwort
Pulmonaria officinalis
SIZE AND DESCRIPTION
Hairy perennial to 30cm tall, with clumps of white-spotted, unstalked and clasping stem leaves and spoon-shaped basal leaves. Flowers are pink and blue, funnel-shaped and carried in terminal clusters on leafy stems. Also called Bedlam Cowslip, Mary’s Tears, Soldiers and Sailors, Jerusalem Sage and Spotted Dog.
DISTRIBUTION
Occurs mainly in central and southern Europe, northwards to Britain and Sweden, as well as in northern parts of the United States.
USES
Due to the leaves’ supposed similarity to lungs, an infusion of leaves was in the past used as a remedy for pulmonary ailments. This traditional use has been confirmed, the leaves containing soothing mucilage and silica that may restore elasticity to the lungs.
Common Comfrey
Symphytum officinale
SIZE AND DESCRIPTION
Erect bristly perennial to 1.2m tall. Basal leaves are oval and hairy; stem leaves are shorter and often clasp the stem. Flowers are purple-violet, pinkish or white, tubular to bell-shaped, and carried in curved sprays. Also called Bruisewort and Bone-set.
DISTRIBUTION
Occurs in most of Europe.
USES
Reputed to have healing properties due to the presence of allantoin, and a poultice of the leaves or roots may be effective for bruises, ulcers and burns. Should not be taken internally. Prolonged use is reported to cause liver damage.
Borage
Borago officinalis
SIZE AND DESCRIPTION
Erect bristly annual to 60cm tall. Basal leaves are stalked; upper leaves are stalkless and clasp the stem. Flowers are blue, with five spreading, pointed corolla lobes; black stamens form a central cone. Also called Cool Tankard and Talewort.
DISTRIBUTION
Native to southern Europe, and widely cultivated and naturalized elsewhere.
USES
Young leaves taste of cucumber and can be added to salads and drinks. Flowers make a good garnish for salads, and sweet and savoury dishes. They may also be crystallized for cake decoration. The herb has a long history of medicinal use, including as a tea for easing coughs and depression.