Hosea 1

a 1:1 2 Chr. 26; Is. 1:1; Amos 1:1

b 1:1 2 Kin. 15:5, 7, 32–38; 2 Chr. 27; Mic. 1:1

c 1:1 2 Kin. 16:1–20; 2 Chr. 28

d 1:1 2 Kin. 18—20; 2 Chr. 29:1—32:33; Mic. 1:1

e 1:1 2 Kin. 13:13; 14:23–29; Amos 1:1

f 1:2 Hos. 3:1

g 1:2 Deut. 31:16; Judg. 2:17; Ps. 73:27; Jer. 2:13; Ezek. 16:1–59; 23:1–49

1 1:2 Spiritual adultery

h 1:4 2 Kin. 10:11

i 1:4 2 Kin. 15:8–10; 17:6, 23; 18:11

j 1:5 2 Kin. 15:29

k 1:6 2 Kin. 17:6

2 1:6 Lit. No-Mercy

3 1:6 Or That I may forgive them at all

l 1:7 2 Kin. 19:29–35; Is. 30:18; 37:36, 37

m 1:7 Ps. 44:3–7; (Zech. 4:6)

4 1:9 Lit. Not-My-People

n 1:10 Gen. 22:17; 32:12; Jer. 33:22

o 1:10 1 Pet. 2:10

p 1:10 Rom. 9:26

q 1:10 Is. 63:16; 64:8; (John 1:12)

5 1:10 Heb. lo-ammi, v. 9

r 1:11 Is. 11:11–13; Jer. 3:18; 50:4; (Ezek. 34:23; 37:15–28)

Hosea 2

1 2:1 Heb. Ammi, Hos. 1:9, 10

2 2:1 Heb. Ruhamah, Hos. 1:6

a 2:2 Is. 50:1

b 2:2 Ezek. 16:25

3 2:2 Or Contend with

4 2:2 Or contend

c 2:3 Jer. 13:22, 26; Ezek. 16:37–39

d 2:3 Ezek. 16:4–7, 22

e 2:3 Jer. 14:3; Amos 8:11–13

f 2:4 John 8:41

g 2:5 Ezek. 23:5; Hos. 2:8, 12

h 2:6 Job 19:8; Lam. 3:7, 9

5 2:6 Lit. wall up her wall

i 2:7 Luke 15:17, 18

j 2:7 Is. 54:5–8; Jer. 2:2; 3:1; Ezek. 16:8; 23:4

6 2:7 Or pursue

k 2:8 Is. 1:3; Ezek. 16:19

l 2:10 Ezek. 16:37

m 2:11 Jer. 7:34; 16:9; Hos. 3:4; Amos 5:21; 8:10

7 2:14 Lit. to her heart

n 2:15 Josh. 7:26

o 2:15 Jer. 2:1–3; Ezek. 16:8–14

p 2:15 Ex. 15:1

8 2:16 Heb. Ishi

9 2:16 Heb. Baali

q 2:17 Ex. 23:13; Josh. 23:7; Ps. 16:4

r 2:18 Job 5:23; Is. 11:6–9; Ezek. 34:25

s 2:18 Is. 2:4; Ezek. 39:1–10

t 2:18 Lev. 26:5; Is. 32:18; Jer. 23:6; Ezek. 34:25

u 2:20 (Jer. 31:33, 34); Hos. 6:6; 13:4; (John 17:3)

v 2:21 Is. 55:10; Zech. 8:12; (Mal. 3:10, 11)

10 2:22 Lit. God Will Sow

w 2:23 Jer. 31:27; Amos 9:15

x 2:23 Hos. 1:6

y 2:23 Hos. 1:10; Zech. 13:9; Rom. 9:25, 26; (Eph. 2:11–22); 1 Pet. 2:10

11 2:23 Heb. lo-ruhamah

12 2:23 Heb. lo-ammi

13 2:23 Heb. ammi

Hosea 3

a 3:1 Jer. 3:20

1 3:1 Lit. friend or husband

b 3:3 Deut. 21:13

c 3:4 Hos. 10:3

d 3:4 Ex. 28:4–12; 1 Sam. 23:9–12

e 3:4 Gen. 31:19, 34; Judg. 17:5; 18:14, 17; (1 Sam. 15:23)

f 3:5 Jer. 50:4

g 3:5 Jer. 30:9; Ezek. 34:24

h 3:5 (Is. 2:2, 3); Jer. 31:9

Hosea 4

a 4:1 Is. 1:18; Hos. 12:2; Mic. 6:2

b 4:1 Jer. 4:22

1 4:1 A legal complaint

2 4:2 Lit. touching

c 4:3 Is. 24:4; 33:9; Jer. 4:28; 12:4; Amos 5:16; 8:8

d 4:3 Zeph. 1:3

e 4:4 Deut. 17:12

f 4:5 Jer. 15:8; Hos. 2:2, 5

g 4:6 Is. 5:13

h 4:6 Ezek. 22:26

i 4:7 1 Sam. 2:30; Mal. 2:9

3 4:7 So with MT, LXX, Vg.; scribal tradition, Syr., Tg. They will change

4 4:7 So with MT, LXX, Syr., Tg., Vg.; scribal tradition My glory

5 4:8 Desires

j 4:9 Is. 24:2; Jer. 5:30, 31; 2 Tim. 4:3, 4

6 4:9 repay

k 4:10 Lev. 26:26; Is. 65:13; Mic. 6:14; Hag. 1:6

l 4:11 Prov. 20:1; Is. 5:12; 28:7

m 4:12 Jer. 2:27

n 4:12 Is. 44:19, 20

7 4:12 Diviner’s rod

o 4:13 Is. 1:29; 57:5, 7; Jer. 2:20; Ezek. 6:13; 20:28

p 4:13 Amos 7:17; (Rom. 1:28–32)

q 4:14 Deut. 23:18

r 4:15 Hos. 9:15; 12:11

s 4:15 1 Kin. 12:29; Josh. 7:2; Hos. 10:8

t 4:15 Jer. 5:2; 44:26; Amos 8:14

8 4:15 Lit. House of Idolatry or Wickedness

u 4:16 Jer. 3:6; 7:24; 8:5; Zech. 7:11

9 4:16 Lit. a large place

v 4:17 Matt. 15:14

w 4:18 Mic. 3:11

10 4:18 Or has turned aside

11 4:18 Lit. shields

12 4:18 Heb. difficult; a Jewish tradition shamefully love, ‘Give!’

x 4:19 Jer. 51:1

y 4:19 Is. 1:29

Hosea 5

a 5:1 Hos. 6:9

1 5:1 Or to you

b 5:2 Is. 29:15; Hos. 4:2; 6:9

c 5:3 Amos 3:2; 5:12

d 5:3 Hos. 4:17

e 5:4 Hos. 4:12

2 5:4 Or Their deeds will not allow them to turn

f 5:5 Hos. 7:10

g 5:6 Prov. 1:28; Is. 1:15; Jer. 11:11; Ezek. 8:18; Mic. 3:4; John 7:34

h 5:7 Is. 48:8; Jer. 3:20; Hos. 6:7

3 5:7 Lit. strange

i 5:8 Hos. 8:1; Joel 2:1

j 5:8 Is. 10:30

k 5:8 Josh. 7:2

l 5:10 Deut. 19:14; 27:17

m 5:11 Deut. 28:33

n 5:11 Mic. 6:16

o 5:12 Prov. 12:4

p 5:13 Jer. 30:12–15

q 5:13 2 Kin. 15:19; Hos. 7:11; 10:6

r 5:14 Ps. 7:2; Lam. 3:10; Hos. 13:7, 8

s 5:14 Ps. 50:22

4 5:15 Lit. become guilty or bear punishment

Hosea 6

a 6:1 Is. 1:18; Acts 10:43

b 6:1 Deut. 32:39; Hos. 5:14

c 6:1 Jer. 30:17; Hos. 14:4

1 6:1 Bandage

d 6:2 Luke 24:46; Acts 10:40; (1 Cor. 15:4)

e 6:3 Is. 54:13

f 6:3 2 Sam. 23:4

g 6:3 Ps. 72:6; Joel 2:23

h 6:3 Job 29:23

i 6:5 (Jer. 23:29)

2 6:5 Or the judgments on you

j 6:6 Matt. 9:13; 12:7

k 6:6 Is. 1:12, 13; (Mic. 6:6–8)

l 6:6 (John 17:3)

3 6:6 Or faithfulness or loyalty

4 6:7 Or Adam

m 6:8 Hos. 12:11

5 6:8 Lit. foot-tracked

n 6:9 Hos. 5:1

o 6:9 Jer. 7:9, 10; Hos. 4:2

p 6:9 Ezek. 22:9; 23:27; Hos. 2:10

6 6:10 Spiritual adultery

Hosea 7

a 7:1 Ezek. 23:4–8; Hos. 5:1

1 7:1 plunders

b 7:2 Ps. 25:7; Jer. 14:10; 17:1; Hos. 8:13; 9:9; Amos 8:7

2 7:2 Lit. do not say to

c 7:3 Hos. 1:1

d 7:3 Mic. 7:3; (Rom. 1:32)

e 7:4 Jer. 9:2; 23:10

f 7:5 Is. 28:1, 7

3 7:5 Lit. with the heat of

4 7:6 So with MT, Vg.; Syr., Tg. Their anger; LXX Ephraim

g 7:7 Is. 64:7

h 7:8 Ps. 106:35

i 7:9 Is. 1:7; 42:25; Hos. 8:7

j 7:10 Hos. 5:5

k 7:10 Is. 9:13

l 7:11 Hos. 11:11

m 7:11 Is. 30:3

n 7:11 Hos. 5:13; 8:9

5 7:11 Lit. heart

o 7:12 Ezek. 12:13

p 7:12 Lev. 26:14; Deut. 28:15; 2 Kin. 17:13

q 7:13 Ex. 18:8; Mic. 6:4

r 7:14 Job 35:9, 10; Ps. 78:36; Jer. 3:10; Zech. 7:5

s 7:14 Judg. 9:27; Amos 2:8

6 7:14 So with MT, Tg.; Vg. thought upon; LXX slashed themselves for (cf. 1 Kin. 18:28)

7 7:14 So with MT, Syr., Tg.; LXX omits They rebel against Me; Vg. They departed from Me

t 7:16 Ps. 78:57

u 7:16 Ps. 73:9; Dan. 7:25; Mal. 3:13, 14

v 7:16 Deut. 28:68; Ezek. 23:32; Hos. 8:13; 9:3

8 7:16 Or upward

Hosea 8

a 8:1 Deut. 28:49; Jer. 4:13

1 8:1 ram’s horn, Heb. shophar

b 8:2 Ps. 78:34; Hos. 5:15; 7:14

c 8:2 Titus 1:16

d 8:4 1 Kin. 12:20; 2 Kin. 15:23, 25; Hos. 13:10, 11

e 8:5 Ps. 19:13; Jer. 13:27

2 8:5 Golden calf image

3 8:5 Or has rejected you

f 8:6 Is. 40:19

g 8:7 Prov. 22:8

h 8:7 Hos. 7:9

i 8:8 2 Kin. 17:6; Jer. 51:34

j 8:8 Jer. 22:28; 25:34

k 8:9 Hos. 7:11; 12:1; Jer. 2:24

l 8:9 Ezek. 16:33, 34

m 8:10 Ezek. 16:37; 22:20

n 8:10 Is. 10:8; Ezek. 26:7; Dan. 2:37

4 8:10 Or begin to diminish

5 8:10 Or oracle or proclamation

o 8:12 (Deut. 4:6–8); Ps. 119:18; 147:19, 20

p 8:13 Zech. 7:6

q 8:13 Jer. 14:10; Hos. 6:6; 9:4; 1 Cor. 4:5

r 8:13 Hos. 9:9; Amos 8:7; Luke 12:2

s 8:14 Deut. 32:18; (Hos. 2:13; 4:6; 13:6)

t 8:14 Is. 29:23

u 8:14 Num. 32:17; 2 Kin. 18:13

v 8:14 Jer. 17:27

6 8:14 Or palaces

7 8:14 Or citadels

Hosea 9

a 9:1 Is. 22:12, 13; Hos. 10:5

b 9:1 Jer. 44:17

c 9:3 (Lev. 25:23); Jer. 2:7

d 9:3 Hos. 7:16; 8:13

e 9:3 Ezek. 4:13

f 9:4 Jer. 6:20

g 9:4 Hos. 8:13; Amos 5:22

h 9:6 Is. 5:6; 7:23; Hos. 10:8

i 9:7 Is. 10:3; Jer. 10:15; Mic. 7:4; Luke 21:22

j 9:7 Lam. 2:14; (Ezek. 13:3, 10)

k 9:7 Mic. 2:11

l 9:8 Jer. 6:17; 31:6; Ezek. 3:17; 33:7

1 9:8 One who catches birds in a trap or snare

m 9:9 Hos. 10:9

n 9:9 Judg. 19:22

o 9:10 Jer. 2:2

p 9:10 Is. 28:4; Mic. 7:1

q 9:10 Num. 25:3; Ps. 106:28

r 9:10 Ps. 81:12

2 9:10 Or dedicated

s 9:12 Deut. 31:17; Hos. 7:13

t 9:13 Ezek. 26—28

u 9:14 Luke 23:29

v 9:15 Hos. 4:15; 12:11

w 9:15 Is. 1:23; Hos. 5:2

x 9:16 Hos. 5:11

y 9:17 2 Kin. 17:20; (Zech. 10:6)

z 9:17 Lev. 26:33

Hosea 10

a 10:1 Nah. 2:2

b 10:1 Jer. 2:28; Hos. 8:11; 12:11

c 10:2 1 Kin. 18:21; Zeph. 1:5; (Matt. 6:24)

1 10:2 Divided in loyalty

d 10:4 Deut. 31:16, 17; 2 Kin. 17:3, 4; Amos 5:7

e 10:5 1 Kin. 12:28, 29; Hos. 8:5, 6; 13:2

f 10:5 Hos. 9:11

2 10:5 Lit. calves, images

3 10:5 idolatrous priests

g 10:6 Hos. 5:13

h 10:8 Hos. 4:15

i 10:8 Deut. 9:21; 1 Kin. 13:34

j 10:8 Is. 2:19; Luke 23:30; Rev. 6:16

4 10:8 Lit. Idolatry or Wickedness

k 10:9 Hos. 9:9

l 10:9 Judg. 20

5 10:9 So with many Heb. mss., LXX, Vg.; MT unruliness

6 10:9 Or overcome

m 10:10 Jer. 16:16

7 10:10 Or in their two habitations

n 10:11 (Jer. 50:11; Hos. 4:16; Mic. 4:13)

8 10:11 Lit. to ride

o 10:12 Jer. 4:3

p 10:12 Hos. 6:3

q 10:13 (Job 4:8; Prov. 22:8; Gal. 6:7, 8)

Hosea 11

a 11:1 Matt. 2:15

b 11:1 Ex. 4:22, 23

1 11:1 Or youth

c 11:2 2 Kin. 17:13–15

2 11:2 So with MT, Vg.; LXX Just as I called them; Tg. interprets as I sent prophets to a thousand of them.

3 11:2 So with MT, Tg., Vg.; LXX from My face

d 11:3 Deut. 1:31; 32:10, 11

e 11:3 Ex. 15:26

4 11:3 Some Heb. mss., LXX, Syr., Vg. My arms

f 11:4 Lev. 26:13

g 11:4 Ex. 16:32; Ps. 78:25

5 11:4 Lit. cords of a man

6 11:4 Lit. jaws

h 11:7 Jer. 3:6, 7; 8:5

7 11:7 The prophets

8 11:7 Or upward

i 11:8 Jer. 9:7

j 11:8 Gen. 14:8; 19:24, 25; Deut. 29:23

9 11:8 Lit. turns over

k 11:9 Num. 23:19

10 11:9 Or enter a city

l 11:10 Is. 31:4; (Joel 3:16); Amos 1:2

m 11:11 Is. 11:11; 60:8; Hos. 7:11

n 11:11 Ezek. 28:25, 26; 34:27, 28

11 11:12 Or holy ones

Hosea 12

a 12:1 Job 15:2, 3; Hos. 8:7

b 12:1 2 Kin. 17:4; Hos. 8:9

c 12:1 Is. 30:6

1 12:1 ruin

2 12:1 Or treaty

d 12:2 Hos. 4:1; Mic. 6:2

3 12:2 A legal complaint

e 12:3 Gen. 25:26

f 12:3 Gen. 32:24–28

g 12:4 (Gen. 28:12–19; 35:9–15)

h 12:5 Ex. 3:15

i 12:6 Hos. 14:1; Mic. 6:8

j 12:7 Prov. 11:1; Amos 8:5; Mic. 6:11

4 12:7 Or merchant

k 12:8 Ps. 62:10; Hos. 13:6; Rev. 3:17

l 12:9 Lev. 23:42

m 12:10 2 Kin. 17:13; Jer. 7:25

5 12:10 Or parables

6 12:10 Lit. by the hand

n 12:11 Hos. 6:8

o 12:11 Hos. 9:15

7 12:11 worthless

p 12:12 Gen. 28:5; Deut. 26:5

q 12:12 Gen. 29:20, 28

r 12:13 Ex. 12:50, 51; 13:3; Ps. 77:20; Is. 63:11, 12; Mic. 6:4

s 12:14 Ezek. 18:10–13

t 12:14 Dan. 11:18; Mic. 6:16

Hosea 13

1 13:2 Or those who offer human sacrifice

2 13:2 Worship with kisses

a 13:3 Ps. 1:4; Is. 17:13; Dan. 2:35

b 13:4 Is. 43:11

c 13:4 Is. 43:11; 45:21, 22; (1 Tim. 2:5)

d 13:5 Deut. 2:7; 32:10

e 13:5 Deut. 8:15

3 13:5 Cared for you

4 13:5 Lit. droughts

f 13:6 Deut. 8:12, 14; 32:13–15; Jer. 5:7

g 13:7 Lam. 3:10; Hos. 5:14

h 13:7 Jer. 5:6

i 13:8 2 Sam. 17:8; Prov. 17:12

5 13:8 Lit. beast of the field

6 13:9 Lit. it or he destroyed you

7 13:9 Lit. in your help

j 13:10 Deut. 32:38

k 13:10 1 Sam. 8:5, 6

8 13:10 LXX, Syr., Tg., Vg. Where is your king?

l 13:11 1 Sam. 8:7; 10:17–24

m 13:12 Deut. 32:34, 35; Job 14:17; (Rom. 2:5)

n 13:13 Is. 13:8; Mic. 4:9, 10

o 13:14 (1 Cor. 15:54, 55)

p 13:14 Jer. 15:6

9 13:14 Lit. hand

10 13:14 Or Sheol

11 13:14 LXX where is your punishment?

12 13:14 Or Sheol

13 13:14 LXX where is your sting?

q 13:15 Gen. 41:6; Jer. 4:11, 12; Ezek. 17:10; 19:12

r 13:16 2 Kin. 18:12

s 13:16 2 Kin. 15:16

14 13:16 LXX shall be disfigured

Hosea 14

a 14:1 Hos. 12:6; (Joel 2:13)

b 14:2 (Ps. 51:16, 17; Hos. 6:6; Heb. 13:15)

1 14:2 Lit. bull calves; LXX fruit

c 14:3 Hos. 7:11; 10:13; 12:1

d 14:3 (Ps. 33:17); Is. 31:1

e 14:3 Ps. 10:14; 68:5

f 14:4 Jer. 14:7

g 14:4 (Eph. 1:6)

h 14:5 Job 29:19; Prov. 19:12; Is. 26:19

2 14:5 Lit. bud or sprout

3 14:5 Lit. strike

i 14:6 Ps. 52:8; 128:3

j 14:6 Gen. 27:27

4 14:6 Lit. go

k 14:7 Dan. 4:12

5 14:7 Lit. bud or sprout

6 14:7 Lit. remembrance

l 14:8 (John 15:4)

m 14:9 (Ps. 111:7, 8; Prov. 10:29); Zeph. 3:5