1 Mr. Toynbee entitles this chapter XaXara ra KaXa, which means “The beautiful is difficult’ or ‘High quality involves hard work’.—Editor.

1 Still, John: The Jungle Tide, pp. 74-5.

2 Ibid., pp. 76-7.

1 This is one of the ‘arrested civilizations’ discussed later. See pp. 164 seqq.

1 i.e. Mr. Toynbee, to whom (and not the Editor) the pronoun refers where-ever it occurs in this volume.

2 No longer quite so, for the government of Mussolini left behind it one honourable and enduring monument in the result of its strenuous and successful efforts to reclaim this district for man.

1 Herodotus, Bk. IX, ch. 122.

1 Drummond, H.: Tropical Africa, pp. 53-6.