¹ Matt. ix. 16-17. Copyrighted Material

¹ Though P. A. Sorokin, in the statistical evidence marshalled by him, finds that the incidence of war on the Western World was lighter, on the whole, in the nineteenth century than in the eighteenth (Social and Cultural Dynamics, vol. iii (New York 1937, American Book Co.), pp. 34a and 345-6).

¹ Gibbon, E.: The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, ch. xxxviii, adfinem.

¹ Actually there is an earlier example: the expulsion by the British authorities of the French Acadians from Nova Scotia at the opening of the Seven Years’ War; but this was a small-scale affair, atrocious though it was by eighteenth-century standards, and there were, or were supposed to be, strategic reasons for it.

¹ Plutarch: Life of Themistocles, ch. ii.

¹ Quoted by Woodward, W. E.: A New American History, p. 360.

¹ The Tao-te King, ch. 24 (translation by Waley, A., in The Way and its Power).

¹ Tennyson: In Memoriam.

¹ ‘Atticistic’ would be a more accurate label than the customary term ‘Hellenistic’ for the three centuries intervening between the overthrow of the Achaemenian Empire by Alexander the Great and the establishment of the Pax Romana by Augustus. As Edwyn Bevan has pointed out, the strictly proper application of the epithet ‘Hellenistic’ would be, not to any chapter in the history of the Hellenic Civilization itself, but to the whole character of the two civilizations that are affiliated to the Hellenic Society and that, in the terminology employed in this Study, are called the Western and the Orthodox Christian.

¹ In Mr. Toynbee’s original work the East Roman Empire is treated at greater length and with greater elaboration than any previous historical illustration. See vol. iv, pp. 320-408.—Editor.

¹ Heard, Gerald: The Source of Civilization, pp. 66-7.

¹ Heard, Gerald: The Source of Civilization, pp. 67-9.

¹ Wells, H. G.: The Outline of History, pp. 28-4.

¹ Heard, Gerald: The Source of Civilization, pp. 71-2.

² ‘A country is not without honour save in its own prophets.’

¹ Iliad, xvi, 11. 211-17.

¹ Browne, E. G.: A Literary History of Persia, vol. ii, p. 462, quoting Falas-ad-DIn Muhammad b. Aydimir as quoted by Ibn-at-Tiqtaqa in Kitdb-al-Fakhri.

¹ The causal relation between surfeit and outrageous behaviour is neatly expressed by a Hebrew poet in the line ‘Jeshurun _{waxe d} d f_{at> an} kicked. (Deut. xxxii. 15). He kicked because he had waxed fat , and the subsequent verses indicate that is in store for him. The Jeshurun of this passage is Israel, when, in the prosperous days of Jeroboam II, he forsook Yahweh. The Captivity that was to lead to the extinction of these ‘Ten Tribes’ was only half a century ahead at that time.

¹ Plato, Laws: 691 c.

¹ Marlowe, Christopher: Tamburlaine the Great, 11. 2232-8, 2245-9.

¹ Mann, the Right Rev. Monsignor H. K.: The Lives of the Popes in the Middle Ages, vol. xi, p. 72.

¹ Bridges, Robert: The Testament of Beauty, iv, 11. 259-6

¹ A well-known Roman Catholic man of letters once remarked in private conversation (and his name can therefore not be given): ‘I believe that the Catholic Church is divine, and the proof of its divinity I take to be this: that no merely human institution conducted with such knavish imbecility would have lasted a fortnight.’—Editor.