List of Illustrations

Colour Plates (between pages 50 and 51)

1. General Sir John Murray playing chess with Ellen Adderley (his god-daughter). A painting by Pieter Christophel Wonder (1780–1852).

2. The town and castle of Biar, in Valencia. Colour aquatint published by James Daniell, 1814. Artist Lieutenant Colonel Reeves. By kind permission of the Anne S. K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library.

3. The battle at Castalla. Colour aquatint published by James Daniell, 1814. Artist Lieutenant Colonel Reeves. By kind permission of the Anne S. K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library.

Black and White Plates (between pages 114 and 115)

1. Marshal Louis-Gabriel Suchet. Colour aquatint published by Aubry-Lecomte, 1815. Artist Hyacinthe-Louis-Victor-Jean-Baptiste. By kind permission of the Anne S. K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library.

2. General Pierre-Joseph Habert. Author’s collection.

3. General Jean-Isidore Harispe. By kind permission of the Musée Basque, Bayonne.

4. General Sylvain-Charles Valée. Author´s collection.

5. Marshal Etienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre Macdonald, Duke of Taranto. Author´s collection.

6. General-Charles-Mathieu-Isidore Decaen, commander of the French Army of Catalonia, 1812–1813. Author´s collection.

7. Baron Józef Grzegorz Chłopicki. Author’s collection.

8. Rear Admiral Benjamin Hallowell RN. Author’s collection.

9. Lieutenant General Lord William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck. Author’s collection.

10. Admiral Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth. Mezzotint published by C. Turner, 1818. Artist William Beechey. By kind permission of the Anne S. K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library.

11. Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Maitland. Mezzotint published by Lupton, 1805. Artist John Hoppner. By kind permission of the Anne S. K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library.

12. Rear Admiral Sir Edward Codrington RN. Lithograph published by Thomas Collins, c.1840. Produced by Maclure, Macdonald & Macgregor. By kind permission of the Anne S. K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library.

13. Major General Samuel Ford (Samford) Whittingham. Author’s collection.

14. General Joaquín Blake y Joyes. By kind permission of José Luis Arcón Domínguez.

15. General Francisco de Paula María Baso Copons y Navia. Author’s collection.

16. General Diego de Cañas y Portocarrero, Duque del Parque. By kind permission of José Luis Arcón Domínguez.

17. General Joseph (José) O’Donnell. Author’s collection.

18. Barcelona Bay. Author’s collection.

19. The combat at Castalla, 21 July 1812. Original painting by Jean-Charles Langlois, châteaux de Versailles et de Trianon. This is a copy which hangs in the Town Hall in Castalla and is reproduced here by the kind permission of the Alcalde.

20. A photograph of the battlefield at Sagunto. Author’s collection.

21. A photograph of the pass at Biar. Author’s collection.

22. A photograph of the battlefield at Castalla. Author’s collection.

23. Fort Trinity overlooking the Bay at Rosas, which the audacious Captain Cochrane RN tuned into a ‘vast mantrap’. Author´s collection.