APPENDIX 1

Source: B. P. Kurashvili, Istoricheskaia Logika Stalinizma (Moscow 1996, pp. 159–60).

Numbers of people sentenced for counter-revolutionary and particularly dangerous crimes, and type of penalty imposed. 1921–53.

Years total sentenced (persons) death sent. camps, colonies prisons Exiled to* Exiled from other measures
1921 35829 9701 21724 1817 2587
1922 6003 1962 2656 166 1219
1923 4794 414 2336 2044
1924 12425 2550 4151 5724
1925 15995 2433 6851 6274 437
1926 17804 990 7547 8571 696
1927 26036 2363 12267 11235 171
1928 33757 869 16211 15640 1037
1929 56220 2109 25853 24517 3741
1930 208069 20201 114443 58816 14609
1931 180696 10651 105683 63269 1093
1932 141919 22728 73946 36017 29228
1933 239664 2154 138903 54262 44345
1934 78999 2056 59451 5994 11498
1935 267076 1229 185846 33601 46400
1936 274670 1118 219418 23719 30415
1937 0665 353074 429311 1366 6914
1938 554258 328618 205509 16342 3289
1939 63889 2552 54666 3783 2888
1940 71806 1649 65727 2142 2288
1941 75411 8011 65000 1200 1210
1942 124406 23278 88809 7070 5249
1943 78441 3579 68887 4787 1188
1944 75109 3029 70610 649 821
1945 123248 4252 116681 1647 668
1946 123294 2896 117943 1498 957
1947 78810 1105 76581 666 458
1948 73263 72552 419 298
1949 75125 64509 10316 300
1950 60641 475 54466 5225 475
1951 54775 1609 49142 3425 599
1952 28800 1612 25824 773 591
1953 (first half) 8403 198 7894 38 273
TOTAL 4060306 799455 2634397 423512 215942

* The punishment of exile could take one of two forms. Ssylka refers to being exiled to a specific area and remaining there under police supervision, whether for a set number of years or for life. This was neither a camp nor a prison, but a ‘settlement’, where it was possible to live with one’s family in separate accommodation and perform paid work depending on local possibilities. Vysylka consisted in being banned from living in some particular location (Moscow, say, or Leningrad). Those so condemned could live and work anywhere else. Files on such persons would undoubtedly follow them to their new place of residence.