Bilboes—shipboard shackles devised in the Spanish foundries of Bilbao

Brahmin—the highest Hindu caste

Compagnie des Indes Orientales—The French East India Company

Dhoolie—a covered litter

Dhoti—loincloth

Dongi—small canoe made from plantain leaves

Dubash—literally ‘two languages’, hence an interpreter or secretary

Dungri—blue Indian cotton cloth

Howdah—saddle or house on back of elephant

Feringhi—foreigner

Karma—fate or destiny, a person’s activities in many reincarnations. Hinduism. Buddhism

Kshatriya—the second highest and Hindu warrior caste

Moong dal—a split pea, frequently used in a savoury pancake batter

Pankration—ancient manner of Greek combat, forerunner of Japanese Karate

Panchama—literally, ‘the fifth’, people outside the four Indian castes

Punkah—overhead fan operated by rope

Sari—female garb, long cloth

Sepoy—Indian troop trained by European standards

Sudra—people below the Hindu high castes

Topiwallah—literally, men with hats; hence, foreigners

Vaisya—the third Hindu caste, the powerful merchant class