STARLINGS

European Starling, Sturnus vulgaris

Family Sturnidae (Starlings)

Size: 8.5"

Season: Year-round

Habitat: Found almost anywhere, particularly in rural fields, gardens, dumps, and urban parks

Introduced from Europe, the European Starling has successfully infiltrated most habitats in North America and competes with native birds for nest cavities. It is a stocky, sturdy, aggressive bird that is glossy black overall with a sheen of green or purple. The breeding adult has a yellow bill and greater iridescence, while the adult in winter is more flat black, with a black bill and numerous white spots. The tail is short and square. Starlings form very large, compact flocks, and fly directly on pointed, triangular wings. The diet of starlings is highly variable and includes insects, grains, and berries. Vocalizations include loud, wheezy whistles and clucks, and imitations of other birdsongs. The breeding adult is illustrated.