A | B | C | D | E
F | G | H | I | J
K | L | M | N | O
P | Q | R | S | T
U | V | W | Y
Absaroka Range, Wyoming and Montana, 744, 750, 752, 766
Adams, Mount, Washington, 683; glaciers of, 327
Adenostoma fasciculata, 162–63, 533
Admirality Island, Alaska, 682
agriculture: in Central Valley, 529–30; hard work of, 98–99, 106–8; and natural fertilizers, 97; in Wisconsin, 54–55
Alaska: climate of, 659–60; fjords of, 674–76, 680–81; glaciers of, 326, 327–29, 330, 668–70, 674–79, 682, 683–85; gold rush to, 673–74, 683, 727; midnight sun, 657; Muir explores, 553–71; Muir’s 1881 trip to, 725–26; quality of sunlight in, 657–58; rivers of, 474, 665–68, 670; sunsets of, 658–59; totem poles in, 671–72; and tourism, 790; wilderness of, 724–25, 726, 727
Alaska Ice Company, 675
Alaska Peninsula, 684
Aleutian Islands, 684
Alexander Archipelago, Alaska: glaciation of, 329, 651–52; scenery of, 649–51, 653; sunsets of, 659
Allegheny Mountains, 704
Alvord, Gen. Benjamin, 259, 260, 261
Amazon River, South America, 403
American River, California, 423; giant sequoias along, 828–29
Amethyst Mountain, Wyoming, 757, 765
Anasazi, ancient cliff dwellings of in Grand Canyon, 804–5
Anderson, Mr., a carpenter, 104–5
animals: accidents of, 66–68; cleanliness of, 91–92, 186, 198; endure cold weather, 92; in forest reserves, 730; in Grand Canyon of the Colorado, 805; hunting of, 714; inherent value of, 756; and mountain passes, 365; Muir’s early fondness for, 47, 56; Muir’s early sympathy with, 8, 44, 75; Muir whistles and sings to, 462–64; taming of, 90–91. See also names of specific animals
Antarctic, icebergs of, 328
Antone, a shepherd, 276–77
ants, 177–79
apples: wild and cultivated compared, 604
Arch Falls (Royal Arch Cascade), California, 588, 589
Arctic, fossil sequoias in, 436
Ashland Reserve, 731
Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway: to Grand Canyon of the Colorado, 790–91
Athabasca River, Canada, 498
Audubon, John James, 498; on bighorn sheep, 502; on passenger pigeons, 29–30, 80–81; The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America, 502
Auke Glacier, Alaska, 682
auroras, 100
Azalea Occidentalis, 163
badgers, 89
Baird, Spencer F., 500
Baker, Mount, Washington, 327, 683
bears, 90, 167–69, 219, 230–31, 372, 738; and ants, 178; and bees, 538–39; kill sheep, 264–65, 275, 276–77; in the Sierra Nevada, 214
beavers, 402
Beehive Geyser, Wyoming, 753
bees, 113–16, 530, 534–547; altitudes found at, 534; and bears, 538–39; bee-culture, 528–29, 535, 536, 540–41, 543–44, 547; behavior of, 537; and drought of 1877, 541–43; in Egypt, 535; in Europe, 535; introduced to the Sierra Nevada, 528; Muir observes, 114–15
Belton, Montana, 730
Bering (“Behring”) Sea, 665
Bering Strait, 501
Big Glacier, Alaska: description of, 668–69
bighorn sheep: description of, 501–3, 507; distribution of, 500, 512; in Grand Canyon of the Colorado, 805; habits of, 503–5; horns of, 501–2, 509; measurements of, 502; predators of, 513; sure-footedness of, 507–10; wool of, 598–602, 605
Big Oak Flat Road, 694, 773, 810
big trees. See sequoias, giant
Billy, a shepherd, 154–55, 157, 188, 308; and bears, 264, 265; description of, 198, 226–27; disinterest in Yosemite Valley, 238; on mutton, 196; sheep herding methods of, 273–74
birches, 451
birds, 256, 497; and accidents, 66–67, 76; in Alaska, 726, 727; cleanliness of, 91; in Florida, 823; at Fountain Lake, 76; in Grand Canyon of the Colorado, 806; hunting of, 714; Muir’s early fondness for, 26, 27; Muir whistles and sings to, 462–64; in New England, 726–27; in the Sierra Nevada, 190–91; in Wisconsin, 69–82; in Yosemite Valley, 488–89
Bitterroot Reserve (National Forest), Montana, 729–30
blackbirds, redwing, 71
Blackfoot Indians, 752
Black Forest, 404
Black Hills, South Dakota, 777; as Reserve (National Forest), 728–29
Black Mountain, California, 331, 332, 333, 619, 620
Black Mountain Glacier, California, 331; description of, 333–35
Bloody Canyon, California, 282, 286, 296, 446, 513, 689, 692–93; description of, 285, 374; glacial origins of, 370; moon over, 283; Muir’s first visit to, 371–72; name, origin of, 279, 366; bluebirds, 69–70
blue grouse, 255
blue jays, 34–35
bobolinks, 70–71
bobwhites, 75–76
bogs, 400
botany: Muir studies, 66, 137–39
Bonaventure, Georgia, 198, 821
Bower Cascade, California: description of, 284, 369
Bower Cave, California, 166, 216, 521; description of, 308–9
Bridalveil Fall, California, 695–96
Bridger, Jim, 752
Bright Angel Creek, Arizona, 799, 801
Bright Angel Hotel, Grand Canyon of the Colorado, 796
Bright Angel trail, Arizona, 790, 796, 801, 802, 803
Bronson’s Meadows, California, 694, 810
Brown, David, 167–69
Brown’s Flat, California, 200; description of, 166–67, 308; Indians of, 169, 183, 186, 188, 308
Brownsville, California. See Knoxville, California
Buena Vista Peak, California, 378
bull-bats, 37–38
Bull Creek, California, 166
Burns, Robert, 337
Butler, Henry, 263
Butler, Prof. James D., 257–61, 263, 264
Calaveras County, California, 514, 515
Calaveras Grove of Big Trees, California, 424–25, 434, 435, 520, 630, 828–30; logging of, 828; protection of, 829, 830
California Academy of Sciences, 625
California torreya (“nutmeg”), 451, 786
Canadian geese, 74–75
Canyon (present Walker) Creek, California, 284, 369
Carlo, a St. Bernard dog, 177, 223, 243, 258, 264, 265; and bears, 219, 229–30; herds sheep, 305; as Muir’s companion, 154, 185; nobility of, 187; returns from wanderings, 290
Carson Pass, California, 361
Carson River, California, 377, 441
Cascade Creek, California, 212, 213, 307; lakes of, 378
Cascade Creek basin, 581
Cascade Glacier, California, 577, 581
Cascade Range, 784; destruction of woods in, 715; forest reserves, 733–36; forests of, 731–34, 775; forest glaciers of, 327; tourism in, 736
Cascade Reserve, 731
Cascades waterfall, California, 213, 786
Cassiar gold mines, Alaska, 667, 673
Castle geyser, Wyoming, 754
Castle Peak, California, 356, 694–95, 697
Cathedral Creek, California, 693
Cathedral Peak, California, 238, 243, 244, 250, 270, 289, 298, 299, 305, 356, 596, 687, 689; character of, 278; description of, 269, 296, 301; whitebark (“dwarf”) pines on, 445
Cathedral Range, California, 289, 687, 692
Cathedral Rocks, California, 587, 589, 810, 812
Cathedral Spires, California, 289, 299, 689, 693
Cathedral trail in California, 688
cats, 41, 77–78, 497–98; Muir’s boyhood cruelty toward, 17–18
Cave City, California, 519
Cave City Cave, California, 517, 519–21
Cedar Key, Florida, 818–19, 820, 821, 822–23
cedars: Alaska-cedars (“yellow cedars”), 661–62; incense-cedars, 163, 418–19, 778; Western red-cedars (“arbor vitae”), 663. See also junipers
Central Pacific Railroad, 361
Central Park, New York, 719
Central Valley, California, 155, 348, 536; agriculture in, 529–30; bee-culture in, 547; bees, introduced to, 528–29; description of, 315, 316; meadows of, 523; seasons of, 153; wilderness destroyed by cultivation, 723
Chamæbatia foliolosa, 170–71
Chamæcyparis Lawsoniana, 451
chaparral, 158, 160, 531, 533, 540, 545
Charlie (neighbor), 103–5
Chehalis River valley, Washington, 735
chestnut oaks. See tanoaks
Chilcat (Chilkat) River, Alaska, 666, 682, 683
Chilcat Tribe. See Tlingits
Chilcoot (Chilkoot) River, Alaska, 666
Chilkoot (“Chilcat”) Pass, Alaska, 673
Chinese Camp, California, 209
Chukchi (“Tschuckchi”), 501
Chisholm, Willie, 26
Choquette, an Indian trader, 669
Christian Philosopher, The (Thomas Dick), 118
Cinder Cone, California, description of, 321
Cinnabar, Wyoming, 752
Clark, Mount, Sierra Nevada, 619
Clark, William, 738
Clark Range. See Merced Range
Clark’s Station, California, 787
clocks: invented by Muir, 122–26
“Cloud, The” (Percy Bysshe Shelley), 239
Clouds, 40, 162, 173, 187, 194–95, 196, 237, 238–39, 296–97, 483–84, 518, 587, 590, 640, 799–800
Cloud’s Rest, California, 301, 345, 594, 595, 596, 792; description of, 597
Coast Mountains (“Range”), British Columbia, 666, 667, 670, 681
Coast Ranges, 344, 371, 436, 454, 463, 536, 614, 630, 640, 768; bee-culture in, 547; description of, 315; forests of, 710, 776; meadows of, 524–25, 530–33; and rainstorms, 481; redwoods in, 711; silver firs of, 779
Cochetopa Creek, Colorado, 806
Coconino (“Cocanini”) National Forest, Arizona, 790, 796, 802
Colorado Plateau: glaciers of, 807
Colorado River, 765; course of, 792–93; description of, 742; Powell explores, 806–7; Roaring Fork of, 806; tributaries of, 806
Colter (“Coulter”), John, 752, 756
Colter’s (“Coulter’s”) Hell, Wyoming, 756
Conness, Mount, California, 273, 341, 356, 687, 691, 784
Continental Divide, 752
Converse, Charles, 632
Cook Inlet, Alaska, 684; glaciers of, 327
Copper River, Alaska, 666
cottonwoods, black (“poplar”), 786
Coulterville, California, 162, 209, 521, 592
Coulterville trails, California, 258, 773
Course of Elementary Reading in Science and Literature (J. M. MacCulloch), 29
Cowlitz River valley, Washington, 735
Coyote Creek, California, 515
Crane Flat, California, 204–6, 208–9, 694, 810; description of, 307
cranes, sandhill, 37
Cross Sound, Alaska, 556, 683, 685; glaciers of, 328
“Crown of the Sierra” peaks, 341, 346, 356
Cuvier, Baron Georges Leopold, 501
Dana, Mount, California, 290, 291, 296, 356, 578, 596, 687, 688, 691, 816; description of, 270, 289, 689–90; geology of, 320; plants of, 297; “snow banners” on, 341; views from, 294
Dana Glacier, California, 691
“Dandy Doctors,” 9–10
Darwin, Charles, 501
Davidson Glacier, Alaska, 682
Death Valley, California, 547
deer, 83–85, 234, 290, 512–13, 584–85
Deer Creek, California, 423, 630, 828
Delaney, Patrick (“Don Quixote”), 166, 167, 170, 172, 196, 198, 200, 209, 265–66, 290, 293, 298, 307, 308; on bears, 214; description of, 154, 279; engages Muir as chief shepherd, 153–54; establishes itinerary, 212; herds sheep, 202, 216–17, 273–74; poisons predators, 275; predicts Muir’s fame, 304
deserts, 723–24
Devil’s Cauldron, Wyoming, 756
“devil’s slides,” 240
Dezhneva Cape. See East Cape
Diablo, Mount, California, 618
Diamond Cascade, California, 368
“Digger” Indians, 115; ants as food of, 179; at Brown’s Flat, 169, 183, 186, 308; elusiveness of, 183; fondness for flowers, 497; harvest nuts, 158; visit Muir’s camp, 183, 186
dogs, 41–44, 167–68, 188–89, 264, 274. See also Carlo, Stickeen
dogwoods, Pacific (“Nuttall’s flowering”), 189, 786
Dolores River, Colorado, 806
Dome Creek. See Porcupine Creek
Donner party, 377
Donner Lake, California, 377
Douglas, David, 403; discovers silver firs, 422; discovers sugar pines, 409, 772; and Indians in Oregon, 409–11; journal of, 410–11
Douglas (“Douglass”) Island, Alaska, 673, 682
drought of 1877, 541–43
Drummond, Henry, 498
Dry Creek, California: flood in, 477, 608
Duchesne River, Utah, 806
Dunbar, Scotland, 818; Davel Brae at, 10, 19; castle at, 7, 14; Muir’s boyhood in, 7–28; Scots Greys (2d Dragoons) visit, 18
Duncan, William, 113
Dutch Boy’s Ranch, Sierra Nevada, 309
Dutton, Clarence, 797
Eagle Cliff (Peak), California, 578, 582
Eagle Glacier, Alaska, 682
Eagle River, Colorado, 806
early-rising machine (Muir’s invention), 123–25, 140
East (present Dezhneva) Cape, Russia, 501
Eaton Canyon, California: bees of, 545–46; bee-culture along Eaton Creek in, 543–44
Edinburgh, Scotland, 9
education and Muir: grammar school, 19–21, 22–23, and corporal punishment at, 20–21, 24; primary school, 8–11; self-education, 117–20; Muir teaches, 136, 137; “University of the Wilderness,” 140, 142; University of Wisconsin, 135–36, 138–40, 142
El Capitan, California, 258, 577, 580, 693, 792, 810, 812
Eleanor, Lake, California, 815
Electric Peak, Wyoming, 757
Elk Ridge, Utah, 806
Emerald Pool, California, 385; description of, 263
Emerson, Mount, California, 506
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 719; Muir meets, 786–89
Excelsior Geyser, Wyoming, 754
“Explorations and Surveys for a Railroad Route from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean” (Baird), 500n.
Fairweather, Mount, Alaska, 498, 684; glaciers of, 327
Fairweather Range, Alaska, 328, 556, 561
Fall River, California, 475
Fanshaw, Cape, Alaska, 675
farming. See agriculture
Feather and Yuba divide, California, 475; flood at, 607
Feather River, California, 475, 535;
Feather River basin, 607, 608; and floods, 476
ferns, 175–76
fights, Muir’s boyhood, 19–20, 21–23, 24
fireflies, 38–39
Firehole River, Wyoming, 752, 754
fires: and forests, 163, 204, 272, 408, 431, 437, 438–39, 534–35, 584, 632–33, 717; and lodgepole (“two-leafed,” “tamarack”) pines, 438–39; and oak and hickory openings, 110–11; on prairie, 60–61, 111; schoolhouse, 136–37; and sequoias, 437; and sheepmen, 437, 632; suppression of, 53, 89, 111
firs: Douglas firs, description of, 417–18, 732, 777–78, and David Douglas, 409, distribution of, 732–33, for lumber, 768, Muir climbs, in windstorm, 469–71, 473, and ship-building, 732–33, and windstorms, 468; silver (“California red,” “white”) firs, 208, 234–36, description of, 205–6, 212–13, 247–48, 250–51, 307, 420–22, 778–79, distribution of, 779, and windstorms, 466
Fisher, Walter L., 815
Flagstaff, Arizona, 742
Flathead Reserve (National Forest), Montana, 729; description of, 730–31
floods: in Alaska, 558–59; “lessons” of, 615; in the Sierra Nevada, 179–80, 474, 475–82, 607–14; in Yosemite Valley, 477, 588–91
Florida: keys, 822–23; Muir suffers malaria in, 819–21; sea-breezes of, 471–72
flowers: in Fountain Lake Meadow, 61–62; Muir’s early fondness for, 12; of southern California, 540; in the Sierra Nevada, 523–28, 533–34. See also names of specific flowers
forest reserves (national forests), 727–43; animals of, 730; lodgepole pines (Pinus contorta) in, 729; number of, 719; opponents of, 734; in Oregon, 731; proponents of, 709; in South Dakota, 728–29; tourism to, 727–28; in Washington, 731. See also individual forest reserves
forestry: in Asia, 705–6; in Europe, 633, 704, 705; in the United States, 704, 706, 719
forests, 30; of Alaska, 661–64, 703; of Canada, 469, 702; conservation of, 704–6; creation of, 701; destruction of, 707–9, 710–11, 712, 713, 715–17, 719–20; distribution of, 403–6; of Florida, 469; and glaciation, 405; of Hetch Hetchy Valley, 699; legal protection of, 706–8, 717–18, 720, 736n.; logging of, 713; of Maine, 702; of Oregon, 418; preservation of, 629–33; pruning of, by nature, 100; and settlement, 703–4; of the Carolinas, 469; of the Sierra Nevada, 403, 404–53; of Washington, 418; of Yellowstone National Park, 760–61; of Yosemite National Park, 765–87
Forth, Firth of, Scotland, 471, 818
Fort Vancouver, British Columbia, 409
Fort Winnebago, Wisconsin, 32
Fort Wrangell (“Wrangel”), Alaska, 553, 554, 571, 653, 654, 685
Fort Yukon, Alaska, 665
Fountain Lake, Wisconsin, 33, 34, 58; birds at, 76; description of, 60; fishing on, 59; freezing of, 101; ice fishing on, 59–60; Mr. McRath’s pet raccoon in, 90; Muir learns to swim in, 63–65; sailing on, 59; woodpecker drowns in, 66–67
Fountain Lake Farm, Wisconsin, 111; crops of, 97; description of, 33–34, 52; farming, 98–99, 106–8; Muir clears land, 41; Muir family leaves, 109; passenger pigeons on, 78–79; settlement of land around, 102
Fountain Lake meadow, Wisconsin, 34, 38–39, 58; ducks on, 73–74; flowers in, 60–62; Muir’s horse sinks in, 51
Fox Den, California: description of, 616
foxes, 89
Fox River, Wisconsin, 46, 62, 84; birds along, 70–71; Indian trail along, 101; rice-marshes along, 73
France: funding of forestry in, 704–5
Frederick (“Prince Frederick”) Sound, Alaska, 674
Fresno (present Nelder) Grove, 423–24, 431, 434, 435, 436, 630, 632; logging of, 460
Fresno River, California, 630; sequoias of, 829
Front Range, Colorado, 806
Fuller (friend), 65
Gallatin Range, Wyoming, 746, 752
Gallatin River, Wyoming, 752
Ganges River, India, 327
Gardner River, Wyoming, 752
Garfield, James A., 815
geese, Canadian, 74–75
General Grant National Park (present section of Kings Canyon National Park), 712, 727; giant sequoias of, 829
geysers: in Iceland, 754–5; in New Zealand, 749, 754–5; in volcanic regions of world, 754; in Yellowstone National Park, 744, 746–49, 753–54
Giant geyser, Wyoming, 754
giant saxifrages, 171–72
Gibbs, Mount, California, 296, 356, 367, 687, 688, 691, 816; description of, 270; geology of, 320; “snow banners” on, 341
Gilrye, David (grandfather), 25, 31; and Muir family emigration, 30; Muir’s walks with, 7–8
Gilrye, Margaret Hay (grandmother), 31
glacial lakes, 284–85, 376–92; “accidental” deaths of, 381–82; aging of, 379–82, 383; lake-line of, 382; ouzels on, 491; on the Merced River, 491; in the Sierra Nevada, 270–71
glacial meadows, 687–89; aging of, 399–400; description of, 206–7, 209, 246, 272–73, 279–80, 288–89, 291, 393–400; on Mount Rainier, 739
glacial moraines, 405–6, 435; and active glaciers, 621, 623; along Mono Pass, 374; at Shadow Lake, 383; on Black Mountain, 334; description of, 50, 267, 269; formation of, 585; in Illilouette Basin, 333; in the Sierra Nevada, 210–11; in Tuolumne River basin, 299; in Wisconsin, 50; in Yosemite Creek basin, 579, 583–84; in Yosemite National Park, 768
glaciation: in the Sierra Nevada, 295, 316, 321–25, 329–30, 349, 365, 382, 405, 434–35; in Yellowstone National Park, 760–61
Glacier Bay, Alaska, 557, 669, 683, 684, 685; fjords of, 329; glaciers of, 328
Glacier Monument, California, 689
Glacier Point, California, 588; falls of, 589
glaciers, 326–35; active, in the Sierra Nevada, 618–28; in Alaska, 327, 674–79, 682, 683–85; in Alexander Archipelago, 651–52; in Alps, 326, 628; in Asia, 323, 326, 626; in British Columbia, 327, 683; characteristics of, 625–26; crevasses of, 560–65; death of, 585—86; in Franz Josef Land, 323, 326; geological history of, 585–86; in Greenland, 323, 326, 626; latitude of, 326; Le Conte on presence of, in the Sierra Nevada, 625; location of, in California, 627; on Mount Ritter, 353–55, 359, 626–27; on Mount Shasta, 635; Muir conducts scientific study of, 344, 624–65; Muir discovers, in the Sierra Nevada, 331–35, 619, 622, 623–24, 628; Muir explores in Alaska, 557, 559–66; Muir trapped on with Stickeen, 564–69; in Norway, 323, 326, 626; in Novaya Zemlya (Nova Zembla), 323, 326; of Oregon, 327, 683; in South America, 326, 626; in Switzerland, 323, 326, 596, 626, 628; of the Colorado Plateau, 806–7; vanished, 582; of Washington, 327, 683; in Yosemite Valley, 577–86
Glenora Peak, British Columbia, 667, 669; climate of, 660–61
goats, Rocky Mountain, 512
Golden Gate, California, 294, 315, 348
Golden Gate Range, Nevada, 448
gold rushes, 184, 212, 279, 362, 366, 673–74, 683, 727
gophers, 94–96
Gordon, J. T., 540
Grand Canyon of the Colorado, Arizona, 790–809; animals of, 805; birds of, 806; cliff dwellings in, 804–5; colors of, 797–99; dawn over, 798; description of, 742–43; geological history of, 807–8; and Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, compared, 790–91, 798; Havasupai Indians in, 805; hiking into, 802–3; Indian Garden Creek at, 802; Indian Gardens at, 802; list of some place names in, 797; sunset at, 798–99; tourism to, 790, 802; vegetation of, 803–4; and Yosemite National Park, compared, 792
Grand (“Big”) Canyon of the Tuolumne, California, 377, 585, 623, 689, 693, 694, 697, 783, 815, 816
Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, Wyoming, 752, 763; description of, 751; and Grand Canyon of the Colorado, compared, 791–92, 798
Grand Canyon Reserve (present National Park), Arizona, 742–43
Grand River, Colorado, 804
Grant, Mount, California, 511
Gray, Alexander, 33
Gray, Asa, 740–41
gray squirrels, 92–93
Great Basin, 348, 366, 416, 446, 447, 690, 771; bighorn sheep in, 504; Douglas firs in, 735; limber pines in, 771; pinyons (“nut pines”) in, 449–50
Great Lakes, 455; forests of, 702, 709; settlement of, 704
Great Northern Railroad, 730
Greeley’s Mill, Sierra Nevada, 162, 163
Grindelwald, Switzerland: glaciers of, 326
Griswold, Milton, 138–39
grouse, blue, 255–56
Gunnison River, Colorado, 806
Hague, Arnold, 756
Haidah (Haida), 672
Half Dome, Hetch Hetchy Valley, California, 693, 697
Half Dome (“Tissiack,” “South Dome”), Yosemite Valley, California, 278, 301, 341, 596, 597, 697, 792, 812; description of, 220, 222–23, 226, 589, 592, 594; tourism and, 521; waterfalls, 588
Hance trail, Arizona, 802–3
hanging meadows, 400–1
Hare, William, 9
hares, 89
Harriman, Edward: Alaska Expedition of, 35
Harte, Bret, 516
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 264
Hayden, Ferdinand Vandiveer, 745
hazel, beaked, 189
Hazel Green, California, 202; description of, 308
Hazel Green Creek, California, 204
Heer, Oswald, 436
Hell Broth Springs, Wyoming, 756
Hell Roaring River, Wyoming, 756
Hemizonia virgata, 527–28
hemlocks, mountain, 242, 783–84
Hetch Hetchy Fall. See Wapama Falls
Hetch Hetchy Valley (now a reservoir), California, 290, 693, 770, 783; dam proposed, 814–17; description of, 693–700, 811; dimensions of, 813; forests of, 699, 813; rarity of, 816–17; Screech discovers, 694, 810; and “temple destroyers,” 817; waterfalls of, 695–96; and Yosemite Valley, compared, 693, 697, 810–12, 816
hickories, 62
Hickory Hill Farm, Wisconsin, 131, 137; description of, 111; honey-bees on, 114; Muir digs well for, 111, 113; Muir family moves to, 109
Hill, Thomas, 589
Himalayas, 39; forests of, 404; glaciers of, 326, 626; wild sheep of, 500
Hitchcock, Ethan Allen, 815
Ho-Chunks. See Winnebagos
Hodgson, Richard, 819, 820, 821
Hodgson, Sarah, 820
Hoffman, Lake, California, 243
Hoffman, Mount, California, 244, 251, 256, 269, 292, 301, 377, 578, 586, 590, 596, 687; description of, 240–41, 289; junipers on, 249–50; Muir ascends summit, 240; vegetation of, 247
Hoffman Creek, California, 693; lakes of, 378
Hoffman Glacier in California, 577
Hoffman range, California, 250, 270, 577, 580
Holabird, Mr., 74
Holkham (“Sum Dum”) Bay, Alaska, 328, 498, 556
Hollow Lake, California, 377, 442
Holmes, William H., 797
Hooker, Sir Joseph, 405, 740–41, 830
Hoonas (Hoonahs), 570
Hopeton, California, 592
Hope Valley, California, 441
horses: on Muir farm, 53–54, 55–56; Muir’s pony, 49–53
Horseshoe Bend, Merced River valley, California, 158, 162
Hot Creek Range, Nevada, 448
Hudson’s Bay Company trading post 669; and traders, 727
Humboldt, Baron Alexander von, 129, 830
Humboldt County, California, 532, 710n.
Humphreys, Mount, Sierra Nevada, 506
hunting: of bears, 90, 167–69; of birds in Wisconsin, 72–75; laws enacted, 83; by Muir 75, 76–77, 85, 86–87; Muir criticizes, 88–89; of passenger pigeons, 79, 81, 83–96
Hutchings, Elvira, 259
Hutli Fjord, Alaska, 674
Hyde’s Sawmill, Kings River, California, 632
Ice Mountain, Alaska, 668–69
ice storms: in Wisconsin, 100–1
Icy Bay, Alaska, 684
Icy Cape, Alaska: icebergs of, 328
Icy Strait, Alaska, 556
Illilouette Creek, California, 263, 597, 692; lakes of, 378
Illilouette Glacier, California, 577, 596
Illilouette Gorge, California, 590
Illilouette River basin, California, 331, 619, 621; glacial moraines of, 333
Illinois River, 762
“Inchcape Rock, The” (Robert Southey), 9
Independence Lake, California, 377–78
India: forest management in, 706
Indian Basin, California, 222
Indian Canyon, California, 219, 223, 258, 360, 381, 578, 580, 589, 590, 694; birds of, 488; snow in, 341; trees of, 262
Indian Creek, California, 275
Indian Garden Creek, Arizona, 802
Indian Gardens, Arizona, 802
Indians (group not specified), 273, 762, 804–5, 807; ancient presence in Sierra Nevada, 184; on Carson River, 449; Daniel Muir’s opinion of, 105–6; dispossession of, by European settlers, 106; ephemeral mark of, on land, 184, 674, 703, 734–35; and farming, 106; feast in autumn, 73; feast on wild fruit, 524; fire, use of, 184; and forests, 703; gather nuts, 407; gather rye, 285, 374; and glaciation, 330; harvest pinyons (“nut pines”), 449, 450–51, 771; on honey-bees, 113–14; and horses, training of, 49; hunt at Shadow Lake, 387; hunt bighorn sheep, 511–12; hunt game, 84; hunt muskrats, 43, 88; hunt squirrels, 193; and junipers, 782; manzanita berries, use of, 204; and mosquitoes, 58; and mountain passes, 364, 366; of Nevada, 511; of Oregon, 409–11; and pets, 91; a shepherd with Muir, 155–57, 172, 202, 204, 308; shoot pigs, 46; steal Muir family horse, 53–54; of the Cascade Range, 738; trails of, 101, 362; uses for snakes, 756; of Utah, 511; on Walker River, 449. See also “Digger” Indians, Pit River Indians
insects, 58, 231–34, 252. See also bees
Inuits. See Eskimos
inventions of Muir’s: clocks, 122–26; early-rising machine, 123–25, 140; list of, 123; public sensation about, 131–32, 140; saw-mill, self-starting, 120–22; schoolhouse-fire starter, 136–37; and Wisconsin State Fair, 129, 133–35; student desk, 139–41; thermometer, 127–129
Inyo Mountains, California: description of, 356
jacksnipes, 39
Japan: forest management in, 705
Jefferson, Mount, Oregon, 683; glaciers of, 327
Johnson, Samuel, 772
Johnson Pass, California, 361
Joliet, Louis, 764
Juan de Fuca, Strait of, Alaska, 329
Juneau, Alaska, 673, 674, 680, 682
junipers (“red cedars”), 440–42, 781–83; Western (“Sierra”), 248–49; and windstorms, 465–66, 467
Kadachan, a guide in Alaska, 670
Kaweah and Kings divide, California, 424
Kaweah River, California, 517, 630, 712; sequoias of, 424, 434, 829; logging of, 632
Kaweah River basin, 423, 434, 632
Kearsarge Pass, California: description of, 362
Keith, William, 816
Kern River, California, 356, 447, 630
Kern River valley, California, 434; ancient glaciers of, 335; and glaciers, 626
kettle moraines, 50
Key West, Florida, 818
King, Clarence, 626
kingbird, 36–37
Kings and Kaweah divide, California, 424
Kings Canyon National Park. See General Grant National Park
Kings River, California, 423, 447, 712; and bighorn sheep, 503; sequoia forests of, 425, 426, 436, 460, 829; South Fork of, 362, 424, 630; sequoias, logging of, 632
Kings River basin: glaciation on, 434
Kingston, Wisconsin, 32, 33, 48, 49
Klamath Lakes, California, 598; 640
Klondike, the, Alaska, 727
Knik River, Alaska, 666
Knoxville (present Brownsville), California: description of, 615–17; flood at, 475–76, 607, 608–9
Kolana Rock, California, 695, 810
Kotzebue (“Kortzebue”) Sound, Alaska, 664, 666, 725
Kupreanof (“Kuprianoff”) Island, Alaska, 674
Kuskokwim (“Kuskoquim”) River, Alaska, 666
Lake Eleanor, California, 815
Lake Hollow, California, 377, 442
Lambert, Dr. Aylmer, 411
larches, western, 731
La Salle, Sieur René de, 764
Lassen Peak, California, 444, 639, 640; description of, 320–21
Lauderdale, Lord, gardens of, 7
Lava Beds National Monument. See Modoc Lava Beds
Lawson, Peter, 12–13; sons of, 63–64, 86
Le Conte, Joseph Nisbet, 624; “On Some of the Ancient Glaciers of the Sierra,” 625
Lesquereux, Charles Leo, 436
Lewis and Clark Expedition, 503, 738, 756
Lewis and Clark Reserve (National Forest), Montana, 729
Liberty Cap, California, 259, 260, 418
lightning storms, 48
lilies, 12, 206–7; description of, 161, 172–73, 187, 422–23; twining, 166; Washington lilies, 211; water lilies, 60
Lime Key, Florida, 823
linnets, red-headed, 91
Little Yosemite Valley, California, 385, 389, 507
“Llewellyn’s Dog” (traditional story), 8
locust trees, 138–39
Lone Pine, California, 446
loons, 76–78
Los Angeles Bee-keepers’ Association, 540
Los Angeles County, California, 542; bee-culture in, 541; bees introduced to, 540
Lower Klamath Lake, California, 598, 640
Lyell, Mount, California, 270, 303, 335, 341, 344, 596, 687, 688, 689, 691, 697, 816; Le Conte on glaciers of, 625
Lyell Canyon, California, 691
Lyell Glacier, California, 625, 628; description of, 624, 626, 692; Le Conte on, 625
Lyell Glacier, South, California, 383, 596
Lynn Canal Inlet, Alaska, 556, 682, 683
Lyon, Mr., a teacher, 20–21, 23
McCloud River, California, 474–75, 517
McCloud River basin, 416
McCormick reaper, 106
McDonald, Lake, Montana, 731
Mackenzie, Alexander, 503
Mackenzie River, Yukon Territory, 666
McLoughlin, Mount. See Pitt, Mount
Maclure (“McClure”), Mount, California, 341, 687, 816
Maclure (“McClure”) Glacier, California: description of, 624; Muir measures movement of, 335, 692
McNeil’s Point, Arizona, 797
McRath, Mr. (neighbor), 90
Madison, Wisconsin: Muir’s life in, 65, 133–36; Muir travels to, 129–33
Mair, George, 105–6
malaria, 823; Muir suffers from, 819–21
Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyoming, 749–50, 752
Mammoth Mountain, California, 296, 356, 691; description of, 280–81, 282
manzanitas, 203–4
Marble Creek, California, 424
Mariposa Grove, California, 424, 434, 435, 712, 773, 829; Emerson and Muir visit, 787–88
Marquette, Jacques, 764
marshes, rice, 73
Marysville, California: flood at, 607–14
Marysville Buttes, California, 481, 614
Matterhorn Peak, California, 391
meadows: as “bee-pastures,” 523–47; hanging, 400–1; mountain nests in, 401–2; pot-hole, 402; and seasons, 527; of the Central Valley, 523; of the Coast Range, 524–25, 530–33; of the Sierra Nevada, 533–40; types of, 245–46. See also bogs, glacial meadows
Mendota, Lake, Wisconsin, 65, 142
Menominees, 84
Merced and San Joaquin divide. See San Joaquin and Merced divide
Merced and Tuolumne divide, California, 202, 208, 269, 307, 345, 495, 525, 526, 578, 582, 773; mountains at head of, 341
Merced Canyon (Merced Gorge), California, 211, 213, 385, 582, 770, 815; trees of, 408
Merced Grove, California, 434, 435, 773, 829
Merced Lake. See Shadow Lake
Merced (present Clark) Range, 169, 301, 331, 341, 619, 692
Merced (“Yosemite”) River, California, 153, 161, 206, 208, 220, 240, 250, 263, 296, 298, 303, 357, 380, 383, 444, 491, 810, 818; description of, 262–63, 590; and glaciers, 326, 344; Horseshoe Bend, 158, 162; North Fork of, 163, 165, 166, 170, 216; ouzels along, 492; “song” of, 587; South Fork of, 378, 418; through Nevada and Vernal falls, 385
Merced River basin: description of, 219; forests of, 769; glacial lakes of, 378; glaciation in, 434, 435, 580, 583–84; lakes of, 378
Merced River valley, California, 158; ponderosa pines in, 415
Mexico, Gulf of: Muir’s arrival at, 818; Muir’s walk to, 471–72
Miller, Cincinnatus Hiner (Joaquin), 516
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 108
Minarets, the, California, 356, 362, 692
mining: effect of, on landscape, 184, 318; in the Sierra Nevada, 514, 515
mining camps, 514, 519; flood at, 607–9
Mirror Lake, California, 588, 592, 593, 596
Mississippi River, 764
Mississippi River basin: forests of, 702
Mississippi Valley: on Muir’s “thousand-mile” walk, 471; settlement of, 704
Miwoks (“Yosemite tribe,” “Tuolumne Indians”), 250, 695
Modoc Lava Beds (present Lava Beds National Monument), California, 502, 511, 517
Modocs: hunt bighorn sheep, 511
Mohave (Mojave) Desert, California, 547
Monaches (“Mono Indians”), 781; appearance of, 281–82, 372–73; diet, 274; harvest pinyons (“nut pines”), 449; hunt deer, 274; settlement of, 285–86; women gather wild rye, 285, 374
Mono basin, California, 356
Mono desert, California, 279, 283, 285, 771; in bloom, 374–75; description of, 286, 294; view of, 348, 352, 359
Mono Indians. See Monaches
Mono Lake, California, 212, 279, 286, 320, 363, 364, 370, 627, 689, 690, 692, 693, 816; description of, 285, 288, 294, 367; Indians on, 285–86, 372
Mono Pass (“Bloody Canyon Pass”), California, 212, 279, 281, 284, 297, 367, 771; animals on, 365; description of, 362–63, 366; Muir camps along, 373–74; Muir encounters bears along, 372; Muir encounters Indians on, 372–73
Mono trail, California, 212, 215, 219, 267, 307, 346, 581
Mono Valley, California, 364
Monterey, California, 503
Monterey County, California, 542
Moraine (present Walker) Lake, California, 284, 285, 374; description of, 370–71
moraines. See glacial moraines
Moran, Thomas, 797
mountaineering: Muir falls in Tenaya Canyon while, 593; Muir’s early practice at, 14, 15–17; Muir recommends, 363–64
Mount Rainier Reserve (National Park), Washington, 731; and national park proposal, 739–40. See also Rainier, Mount
Muir, Anna (sister), 31
Muir, Ann Gilrye (mother), 8, 11, 13, 15, 19, 28, 31, 51, 118; encourages Muir to travel, 129
Muir, Daniel (brother), 31, 58, 73, 107
Muir, Daniel (father), 11, 19, 33, 58, 60, 117; advice of, on Muir’s leaving home, 130; announces move to America, 30; clears land, 37, 47; immigrates to America, 31; farming, 54, 99; forbids Muir from wandering, 25; gardens of, 11–12; hunts ducks, 73–74; on Indians, 105–6; makes Muir dig well, 111, 113; on Muir’s inventions, 121–22, 124–25, 127, 129; observes auroras, 100; and oxen, 48–49; permits Muir’s early-morning studies, 119–20; punishes Muir, 24, 28, 44–45; as rail-splitter, 107; religious convictions of, 20, 41, 55, 100, 108, 121, 125, 129; teaches Muir to ride pony, 49–50; teaches Muir to swim, 62–63; on vegetarianism, 118–19
Muir, David (brother), 30, 58, 107, 111, 131; kills a deer, 84–85; learns to swim, 63; and Muir, 11, 15–16, 25, 31, 34, 39, 41, 44–45, 50, 56; vaccination of, 11
Muir, Helen (daughter), 550
Muir, Margaret (sister), 31, 124
Muir, Mary (sister), 31
Muir, Sarah (sister), 13, 31, 64
Muir Glacier, Glacier Bay, Alaska, 328, 684–85; description of, 335
Muir’s Lake. See Fountain Lake
Mull, Scotland, 772
Murphy’s Camp, California, 514, 517, 519
muskmelons, 97–98
muskrats: Muir hunts, 87–88
Nanaimo, British Columbia, 653, 659
national forests. See forest reserves
national parks, 719, 727; administration of, 744–45; opposition to, 814–15. See also individual national parks
natural history: Muir’s early interest in, 29
nature: and culture, compared, 598, 599, 601–2, 604; flow of, 292; “immortal truth and beauty” of, 827; inherent value of, 166, 754, 825–26, 827; interrelations of, 245, 472–73, 603, 826; Muir, on improvements to, 602–4; Muir’s childhood recollections of, 7–8, 18, 26, 27, 28; Muir’s observations of, in Wisconsin, 34, 35–40; and tourism, 520–21
Nelder Grove. See Fresno Grove
Nevada Canyon, California, 259, 590
Nevada Creek, California, 378
Nevada Fall, California, 259, 275, 346, 385, 418, 589, 597; description of, 262
Nevada Glacier, California, 577
Niagra Falls, 521
nighthawks, 37–38
North Dome, California, 222, 229, 257, 258; Muir sketches, 227–28
North Ritter Glacier, California, 628
North Sea: Muir’s early recollections of, 7; Muir swims in, 13–14; ships on, 23–24
Norton Sound, Alaska, 666
nuthatches, 72
nutmegs. See California torreya
oak openings, 110–11
oaks: blue oaks, 155; California black (“Kellogg”) oaks, 452, 784–85; canyon (“mountain”) live oaks, 173, 452–53, 785; goldcup oaks, 262, 784–5; Quercus Californica, 160–61. See also tanoaks (“chestnut oaks”)
Ohio River, 764
Old Faithful geyser, Wyoming, 753
Old Hundredth (traditional hymn), 463–64
Olympic Mountains, Washington, 731
Olympic Reserve (National Forest), Washington, 731
“On Some of the Ancient Glaciers of the Sierra” (Le Conte), 625
Orange Lake, California, 387–89
Ord, Mount, California, 356, 687
Orinoco River, forests of, 403
ouzels, 486–99; distribution of, 498; songs of, 486–87, 489–90; and water, 486, 491, 492–95
Owens Lake, California, 364
Owens River, California, 618; glaciers of, 326, 344, 626; tributaries of, 357
Owens Valley, California, 364, 451, 511, 547; ancient glaciers of, 335; description of, 356
oxen, 33; on Muir farm, 47–49, 51
Pacheco Pass, California, 316
Pacific Coast, 409; forest reserves of, 731; forests of, 702–3; ouzels along, 498; volcanic mountains of, 739; wilderness, disappearance of, 723
Pacific madrone (“madrono”), 531–32
Packwauckee Lake, Wisconsin, 46, 101
Pah Utes (Paiutes), 169, 169, 362; hunt bighorn sheep, 503, 511; and mountain passes, 363, 364; women, 364–65
Painted Desert, Arizona, 802
Pardeeville, Wisconsin, 131–32
Park, Mungo, 129
Parkman, Francis, 729
Park Range, Colorado, 806, 807
partridges, 39
Pasadena, California, 543
pasqueflowers, 60–61
passenger pigeons, 44, 80–82, 98; Audubon on, 29–30, 80–81; in Canada, 79; in New England, 79; in Wisconsin, 78–79
passes, mountain: and animals, 365; defined, 361, 363; glacial origins of, 365; and Indians, 363, 364–65; vistas from, 365
Pat, a janitor, 140
Pelton, Edward, and family, 135
Peril Strait, Alaska, 685
petrified trees: in Yellowstone National Park, 757–60
pickerel, 59–60
Picolo, Father, 503
pikas, 243–44
Pilot Peak, California, 165, 185, 189, 191, 201, 582; sheep camp at foot of, 170
Pinchot, Gifford, 704
pines: Digger (“sabine,” “nut”) pines, 158, 406–7, 769–70; limber (“white”) pines, 446–47, 769; lodgepole (“two-leaved,” “tamarack”) pines, description of, 209, 248, 306, 437–39, 762–63, 780–81, distribution of, 781, in forest reserves, 729, 731; Pinus attenuate, 770; Pinus tuberculata, 407–8; pinyon pines (“nut pines”), singleleaf, 448–51, 770–71; ponderosa (“yellow”) pines, description of, 182–83, 306, 414–17, 728, 775–77, distribution of, 776–77, and windstorms, 466; Rocky Mountain bristlecone (“needle,” fox-tail) pines, 447–48; sugar pines, 203, 409, 440, 441, description of, 161–62, 181–82, 409–14, 773–75, discovery of in Oregon, 409, 774, distribution of, 435, 776–77, and shake-making, 412, 713–15, and windstorms, 466, 468; western white (“mountain”) pines, 242, 439–40, 446, 771–72; whitebark (“dwarf”) pines, 242, 444–46, 465–66, 467, 772
Pino Blanco, California, 158
Pit (“Pitt”) River, California: description of, 475; flora of, 535
Pit River basin: forests of, 416
Pit River Indians (Achumawi or Atsu-gewi): stories of volcanism in Sierra Nevadas, 321
Pitt (present McLoughlin), Mount, Oregon, 320; glaciers of, 327
ploughing by Muir as a boy, 106–7, 109–10
Pohono Creek, California, 378, 588
Pohono Creek basin: lakes of, 378
Pohono Glacier, California, 577
poison ivy, 166
poison oak, 166
Pokagon, Simon, on passenger pigeons, 82
poplar. See cottonwoods, black
Porcupine (“Dome”) Creek, California, 222, 240, 274–75
Portage, Wisconsin, 46, 48, 55, 101
Portage Railway, 108
Port Simpson, Alaska, 661
Portuguese Joe, a shepherd, 276–77
pot-hole meadows, 402
Powell, Major John Wesley, 793, 797; explores the Colorado River and canyon, 806
prairie chickens, 72–73
Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, 54; Muir gets job in, 135
Priest River Reserve, 729
Prince William Sound, Alaska, 327, 684, 784
Principles of Physiology (Andrew Combe), 92
Prismatic Spring, Wyoming, 754
Pucaway Lake, Wisconsin, 73
Puget Sound, Washington, 649, 680, 732, 735
Pyramid Harbor, Alaska, 682
Pywiack Cascade. See Tenaya Fall
quails, mountain, 255
Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, 672
Quercus Californica, 160–61
rabbits, 89
raccoons, 90
railroads, 108, 361, 500, 730, 790–91; effect on forests, 716–17
rail-splitter: Muir as, 107
Rainier, Mount, Washington, 327, 512, 683, 739. See also Mount Rainier Reserve
rainstorms, 608–9, 614; beauty of, 480–81; in Grand Canyon of the Colorado, 800; on Mount Shasta, 641; and natural history, 224–26, 484–85, 613; and plants, 479; seasons of, 526; structure of, 478–79
Rancheria Creek, California: and Tenaya Creek, compared, 812
rats, wood, 193–94
red cedars. See junipers and cedars, red
red-headed linnets, 91
Red Lake, California, description of, 367–68; glacial origins of, 370
Red Mountain, California, 331, 332, 376, 619, 620
redwing blackbirds, 71
redwoods, 436, 454, 630, 828–31; description of, 712; distribution of, 711–12; forest destruction, 710–11; forests of, 531; and giant sequoias, compared, 712; logging of, 711–13; preservation of, 710n., 712; proposed protection of, 828, 831
Reid, Mr. (neighbor), 103
religion: Muir’s beliefs, 14, 41, 56, 60, 118, 139, 142, 301; Muir’s upbringing in, 7, 11, 20, 41, 55, 61, 65, 85, 108, 117–18, 119, 121, 125
Rhett Lake, California, 640
Ribbon Creek, California, 588
Ribbon Creek basin: glacial moraines in, 580–82
Ribbon Glacier, California, 577
rice-marshes, 73
Richardson, Bob, 26
Ridgway, Robert, 35
Rio Grande, 500
Ritter, Mount, California, 356, 382, 509, 687, 692; glaciers of, 353—55, 359, 626–27, 628; Muir climbs, 347–55; Muir descends, 359–60; “snow banners” on, 341
road-making: in Wisconsin woods, 101–2
Robert I of Scotland, 19
robins, 70, 254–55; robbing of nests of, 18–19
Rocky Mountains, 447, 455, 744; bighorn sheep of, 500, 502; Douglas-firs in, 733; forest fires in, 716–17; and forest protection, 709; forest reserves of, 729; forests of, 702; limber pines in, 446, 771; lodgepole pines in, 781; ouzels in, 498; ponderosa pines in, 776–77; settlement of, 704; wilderness, disappearance of, 723
Rogue River valley, Oregon, 735
Rowe’s Point, Arizona, 797
Royal Arch Cascade. See Arch Falls, California
Royal Arches, California, 693
Rush Creek, California, 352, 360, 627
Russell, Prof. Israel C., 328
Russia: and protection of forests, 705
rye, wild: Indian women gather, 285, 374
Sacramento River, California, 404, 451, 524; bees along, 529
Sacramento Valley, California, 435, 451, 614, 616, 640; and rainstorms, 481
sage, 540
St. Elias, Mount, Alaska, 666, 684; glaciers of, 327, 328–29
St. Helens, Mount, Washington, 327, 683
salmon, 682–83
San Antonio Peak, California, 545, 546
San Bernardino Mountains, California, 543, 547, 733
San Bernardino Reserve (National Forest), California, 741
sandhill cranes, 37
San Diego, California, 541
San Diego County, California, 541, 542
San Francisco, California, 315, 528, 540; bay of, 348; and proposed Hetch Hetchy reservoir, 814, 815
San Francisco Peaks, Arizona, 742, 797, 807
San Gabriel Mountains, California, 543, 544–45, 733
San Gabriel Reserve, California, 741
San Gabriel River valley, California, 543
San Jacinto Mountains, California, 543, 733
San Jacinto Reserve, California, 741
San Joaquin and Merced divide, California, 692
San Joaquin River, California, 298, 352, 356, 362, 404, 444, 524, 525, 618; bees along, 529; and bighorn sheep, 503; and glaciers, 326, 344, 623; North Fork of, 296, 627; South Fork of, 505–6, 507, 509; tributaries of, 356
San Joaquin River basin: and glaciation, 434
San Joaquin Valley, California, 460, 618, 714, 741
San Jose, California, 528
San Luis Obispo, California, 532
San Luis Obispo County, California, 542
San Rafael Mountains, California, 543
San Rafael River, Utah, 804
Santa Barbara County, California, 542
Santa Clara Valley, California, 528
Santa Cruz, California, 710n., 712, 831
Santa Lucia Range, California, 543
Sawatch Range, Colorado, 806, 807
saw-mill, self-starting (Muir invention), 120–22
saxifrages, giant, 171–72
Schlagintweit, Adolf and Hermann von, 326, 626, 628
Screech, Joseph: discovers Hetch Hetchy Valley, 694, 810
Sentinel Dome, California, 594
Sentinel Rock, California, 589
Sentinels, the, California, 381, 588, 693
Sequoia National Park, California, 712, 727, 814, 829
sequoias, giant (“big trees”), 419, 521, 630–33; age of, 829; competition with other species, 431; cones of, 427; description of, 307–8, 423–37; distribution of, 423–24, 434–35, 631, 828–29; historical distribution of, 428–30; Emerson names “Samoset,” 788; endurance of fallen trunks, 429; in Europe, 712; foliage of, 426; fossils of, 436; glaciation and distribution of, 434–35; logging of, 436, 460, 631–32, 712, 829, 830; perpetuation of species, 430–33, 436; preservation of, 436, 437, 629–33, 830; and redwoods, compared, 712; seeds, demand for, 460; sheep effects on, 437; size of, 424–26; threat to, 831; and tourism, 830; tree “skinned alive,” 828; and water, 432–33. See also Calaveras Grove, Fresno Grove, Mariposa Grove, Merced Grove, Tuolumne Grove
Seward, William Henry, 663
Shadow (present Merced) Lake, California, 388; described, 382–87; Muir discovers, 387; seasons of, 385–87
Shasta, Mount, California, 347, 451, 458, 466, 504, 510, 511, 512, 517, 598, 640, 740; and bee-culture, 547; bees of, 537–38; bighorn sheep of, 502; botanic zones of, 636–37; coniferous trees of, 637–38; description of, 320, 321; flowers of, 536; geological history of, 536–37, 634; glacial history of, 634–35; glaciers of, 327, 335, 626; hot springs of, 643; Muir caught in snow storm on, 641–48; rainstorm on, 641; volcanic character of, 322, 636; waters of, 474; and Whitney Glacier, 635
Shasta River, California, 474
Shasta River valley, California, 474, 640
sheep: and bears, 264, 305; breeding of, 604–6; counted at summer’s end, 309; destroy forests, 437, 713, 741; destroy meadows, 157, 172, 185, 207, 273, 375, 387, 530, 534; and dogs, compared, 187; domestication of, 501; fear freedom, 185; ford streams, 216–18, 271–72, 304–5; grazing, 166, 202, 209, 213; as “hoofed locusts,” 185, 202, 208, 387, 437, 530, 728, 768; merinos, 599, 600, 604, 605; Muir rescues, 185; sickness of, 164; in the Sierra Nevada, 153, 155, 156–57, 170, 171, 175, 186, 188, 189; wild and domestic, compared, 501, 502, 508–9, 510, 598–600, 602, 604, 605; wild, 500–1. See also bighorn sheep
sheep industry, 164
Sheep Rock, California, 510
Shelton, Mr., a bee-keeper, 528
shepherds: herding sheep, 202, 216–17; life of, 164–65, 198–99; a Chinese-American, 155, 156, 157, 172; an Indian, 155, 156, 157, 172, 202, 308, described, 204; Portuguese, 276–77
shrikes, 95–96
Sierra lodgepole. See pines, lodgepole
Sierra Nevada, California, 536: beauty of, 291–92; canyons of, 316–17; description of, 315, 316; and Douglas-firs, 733; forests of, 317–18, 319, 403, 404–53, 720, 777; geologic history of, 322, 357–58, 514–15; glacial lakes of, 376–92; glacial meadows of, 393–400; glaciation of, 322–25, 329–30, 349, 382; glaciers of, 327, 353–55, 359, 618–28; landscapes of, 156, 160, 200–1, 219, 325; Muir discovers glaciers in, 331–35, 619, 622, 623–24, 628; Muir’s first summer in, 153–309; passes in, 361–75; picturesque qualities of, 344–47; as “Range of Light,” 291–92, 309, 315, 316; and Scotland, compared, 160; snow in, 319–20, 336–43; tourism in, 505; volcanic origins of, 320, 321–22;
waterfalls of, 368; wilderness losses in, 723; wildlife of, 156, 319
Sierra Reserve (National Forest), 740–41, 830
Silver Mountain, California, 356
singleleaf pinyons. See pines, pinyon
Sioux, 729
Sisson, Mr., a hotel-keeper, 645, 648
Sitka, Alaska, 657, 660, 661, 685
Sitka pine. See spruces, Sitka
Smith Ranch, 290
Smith’s Mill, 308
snakes, 56–57
snow: in the Sierra Nevada, 336–43; and “snow banners” 339–343, 472
snowstorms: on Mount Shasta, 641–48, and Muir trapped in, 643–48; in Wisconsin, 100
Snowy Range, Wyoming, 744
Soda Springs, California, 271, 288, 394, 688, 689, 692, 784
Soda Springs Dome, California, 303
sod-busting, 109–10
Sonora Pass, 361
Soto, Hernando de, 764
Souchoi Channel, Alaska, 674
South Dome. See Half Dome, Yosemite Valley
South Lyell Glacier, California, 383, 596
sows, 46
Spencer, Cape, Alaska, 557
Sperry, Mr., 829
spruces: hemlock spruce, 442–44, 662–63; Sitka spruce (“white spruce,” “Sitka pine”), 662; white spruce, 664
squirrels: Douglas squirrels, 162, 207–8, description of, 191–93, 454–64, distribution of, 454, 460, harvest pine cones, 458–60, 460, harvest sequoia cones, 427, “humanity” of, 456–57, 460, life expectancy of, 464, and propagation of conifers, 454, and red squirrels and chickarees, 454–55; flying squirrels, 93–94; gray squirrels, 92–93, 191–93
Stanislaus Canyon, California, 515
Stanislaus River, California, 361
Stanislaus River basin: and glaciation, 434, 435
Starr King, Mount, California, 301, 782
Starr King Lake, California: description of, 389
Stephens Passage, Alaska, 556, 680
Sterling (“Stirling”), Prof. John W., 136
Stickeen, a dog, 553–71; character of, 554–56; description of, 553–54; explores glacier with Muir, 558–71; named, 554; trapped on glacier with Muir, 564–69
Stickeen (Stikine) Indians. See Tahltans
Stikeen (Stikine) River, Alaska, 498, 653, 660, 666, 669, 670, 674; description of, 667–68; icebergs of, 328
storms: in Alaska, 559–60; effects on trees, 235–36. See also ice storms, snowstorms, thunderstorms, windstorms
Strawberry Valley, California, 638, 648
student desk (Muir invention), 139–40
Sum Dum Bay, Sumdum fjord. See Holkham Bay
sunfish, 59
Susitna (Suchitna) River, Alaska, 666
Swainson, William, 498
swamps: in Wisconsin, 101
Swan, James G., 672
swans, 74
swimming: Muir learns, in Fountain Lake, 63–65
Switzerland: protection of forests in, 705
Tahkoo (Taku) Glacier, Alaska, 556
Tahkoo (“Tahkou,” Taku) Inlet, Alaska: glaciers of, 328, 556, 680–81
Tahkoo (“Tahkou,” Taku) River, Alaska, 666; and Tlingits, 681
Tahkou Indians. See Tlingits
Tahltans (“Stickeen,” “Stikeen” Indians), 554, 669; and canoes, 655–56; description of, 655; deserted village of, 670–71; fate of, 673; gather berries, 656; totem poles of, 671–72; at Wrangell, 654
Tahoe, Lake, 361; altitude and depth of, 750; description of, 377
Tamarack Creek, California, 213; description of, 210–11
Tamarack Creek basin, 581, 582
Tamarack Flat, California, 209, 211–12, 307
tamaracks. See pines, lodgepole
Tampa, Florida, 818
tanoaks (“chestnut oaks”), 451–52
Taylor Bay, Alaska, 557
Tenaya, an Ahwahneechee chief, 250
Tenaya Canyon, California, 250, 590; description of, 592–97; Muir falls while climbing in, 593; Yosemite Valley, compared to, 595
Tenaya Creek, California, 240, 244, 594; lakes of, 378; and Rancheria Creek, compared, 812
Tenaya Fall (present Pywiack Cascade), California, 593
Tenaya Glacier, California, 577, 596
Tenaya Lake, California, 244, 250, 270, 301; description of, 243, 267, 269, 305, 595–96; Indians and, 330
Tenaya Peak, California, 782
terminal moraines. See glacial moraines
Teton Range, Wyoming, 744, 745
Teton Reserve (presently part of Yellowstone National Park), Wyoming, 729, 745
thermometer (Muir invention), 127, 129
Thoreau, Henry David, 716, 722; on honey-bees, 113
“thousand-mile walk” to the Gulf of Mexico: Muir arrives at, 818; Muir recalls, 471–72
thrashers, brown, 70–71
Three Brothers, California, 275, 381, 588, 589
Three Sisters, Oregon, 320, 683; glaciers of, 327, 683
thrush, water. See ouzel
thunderstorms: in the Sierra Nevada, 483–485; in Yosemite Valley, 223, 224–25
Timber and Stone Act, 707, 710
Timber Culture Act, 707
Tissiack. See Half Dome, Yosemite Valley
Tlingits (“Tahkou Indians,” “Chilcat tribe”): condition of, 680; and control of land, 683; hunt seals, 681; and Tahkou River, 681
Tobermory, Scotland, 772
Todleben, Count Frants, 102
“To My Dog Blanco” (J. G. Holland), 551
totem poles, 671–72
tourism: at Grand Canyon of the Colorado, 802; in forest reserves, 727–28; and natural wonders, 520–21; in the Cascade Range, 736, 738; to the sequoia groves, 830; in the Sierra Nevada, 505; in the West, 727–28, 790; on western railroads, 716; in Yellowstone National Park, 745–46, 752–57; in Yosemite Valley, 166, 209, 211, 212, 263, 387, 628
Tower Peak, California, 356
Trabuco Reserve, California, 741
transcendentalism, 788
Truckee River, California, 377
Trumbull, Mount, Arizona, 797
Tschuckchi. See Chukchi
tuberculosis, 103
Tueeulala Falls, California, 695, 810–11; description of, 696–97; and Wapama Falls, compared, 811–12
Tule River, California, 630, 712; giant sequoias of, 829; North Fork of, 424
Tule River basin, 423, 632; and sequoia belt, 434
Tuolumne and Merced divide. See Merced and Tuolumne divide
Tuolumne Glacier, California, 299, 394, 577, 578
Tuolumne Glacier moraine, California, 689, 692
Tuolumne Grove, California, 434, 435, 630, 773, 829
Tuolumne Indians. See Miwoks
Tuolumne (“Big”) Meadows, California, 299, 306, 346, 371, 693, 817; description of, 269–70, 394–95, 687–89, 781, 815–16; seasons of, 397–99
Tuolumne River, California, 153, 155, 208, 240, 243, 269, 289, 290, 296, 298, 299, 303, 345, 346, 357, 360, 444, 618, 687, 693, 694, 810; glaciation in, 434, 435; glaciers of, 326, 344; and Hetch Hetchy Valley, 695; Middle Fork of, 810; North Fork of, 697–99; South Fork of, 694; tributaries of, 348. See also Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne
Tuolumne River basin, 299; forests of, 769
Tuolumne Valley, California, 303; description of, 687–94, 815–16; waterfalls of, 693. See also Hetch Hetchy Valley
Tuolumne Yosemite. See Hetch Hetchy Valley
Turlock, California, 592
turtles, snapping, 42
Tyndall, John, 326
Tyndall, Mount, California, 362
Uinta Mountains, Utah, 806
Umpqua River, California, 409
Uncompahgre River, Colorado, 806
Unicorn Peak, California, 270, 289, 689
U.S. cavalry: in national parks, 745–46
U.S. Department of the Interior, 708, 712, 745, 815
U.S. General Land Office, 706, 708
U.S. Geological Survey, 756
U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Public Lands, 698n., 699
Upper Klamath Lake, 640
Vancouver Island, British Columbia, 329, 653, 663
Vanderput (“Vanderpent”), Point, Alaska, 679
Vandever, Gen. William, 698n., 699
vegetarianism: Muir debates father on, 118–19
vegetation: succession of, 53
Ventura County, California, 542
Veratrum alba, 422
Vernal Fall, California, 259, 260, 275, 346, 385; description of, 262, 263
Virginia Creek trail, California, 693
Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America, The (Audubon and Bachman), 502
volcanism: in the Sierra Nevada, 286, 320–22; in Yellowstone National Park, 758–61
Walker Creek. See Canyon Creek
Walker Lake, California. See Moraine Lake
Walker Lake, Nevada, 511
Walker River, California, 361, 363
Wallace, Sir William, 19
Wapama Falls, California: description of, 696–97, 811–12; and Tueeulala Falls, compared, 811–12
Warren, Mount, California, 691
Wasatch (“Wahsatch”) Range, Utah, 446, 500, 733, 806, 807
Washburn, Mount, Wyoming, 751, 761
Washington Column, California, 588, 589
Washington lilies, 211
Washington Reserve, 731
Wassuck Range, Nevada, 511
waterfalls: of Canyon Creek, 284; in Hetch Hetchy Valley, 695–96; and ouzels, 486; of the North Fork of the Tuolumne River, 697–99; in the Sierra Nevada, 368; in Tuolumne Valley, 693; in Yosemite Valley, 588—89
watermelons, 97–98
water thrush. See ouzel
Watkins, Mount, California, 588, 594, 596
Waukesha County, Wisconsin, 138
Wawona, California, 773
whippoorwills, 37
White Pine, Nevada, 447
White Pine mining district, Nevada, 447
White Pine Range, Nevada, 447, 448
Whitney, Josiah Dwight, 597
Whitney, Mount, California, 347; description of, 320; elevation of, 356; glaciers absent on, 335, 626; and snow, 634
Whitney Glacier, California, 626, 635, 639
Wiard, Norman, 134–35
wilderness: abundance of, 722–23, 724–25, 726; and city compared, 738; disappearance of, 723–24; “humanity” of, 293, 304; Muir enters “University of the,” 140, 142; Muir’s early fondness for, 7, 25, 28; necessity of, 721; as temple, 161, 180, 209, 212, 228–29, 237–38, 263, 269, 301, 315, 340, 629, 817; tourism in, 721; in Wisconsin, 34; and Yellowstone National Park, 744
Willamette Valley, Oregon, 410, 735
willow, dwarf, 281
Willow Glen, California, 616
Wimbledon (“Wimbleton”), Point, Alaska, 557
Wind River Range, Wyoming, 744, 750, 806, 807
windstorms, 465–73; and trees, 465–66
Winnebago, 84
Wisconsin: ice storms in, 100–1; landscape of, 34; Muir family settles in, 32–34, 51; Muir’s life in, 32–142; Muir’s years in, 471; road-making in, 101–2; settlers in, 102–3, 105, 108–9; snowstorms in, 100; wilderness of, 34; winter in, 99–101
Wisconsin, University of: Muir enters, 135–36; Muir leaves, 142; Muir’s life at, 65, 138–40
Wisconsin River, Wisconsin, 762
Wisconsin State Fair: Muir takes inventions to, 129, 133–35
woodchucks, 254
woodpeckers, 36; drown in Fountain Lake, 66–67; Muir hunts, 86–87
Wrangell (“Wrangel”), Alaska, 659, 661, 668, 670, 673, 674; climate of, 660; description of, 653–55; totem pole in, 672
Wrangell (“Wrangel”) Island, Alaska, 653
Wrangell (“Wrangel”) Narrows, Alaska, 674, 675
Yakutat Bay, Alaska: fjords of, 329
Yampa River, Colorado, 806
Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, 750, 752, 762, 764
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 321, 727, 744–66, 814; Amethyst Mountain in, 757; created and expanded, 745; and descriptive place names, 756; Electric Peak in, 757; forests of, 762–66; geological history of, 757–63, 765; geysers in, 744, 746–49, 753–55; glaciation of, 760–61; Indians and pioneers of, 752; Mammoth Hot Springs, 749–50, 752; Mount Washburn, 761; petrified trees in, 757–58, 759; Teton Reserve, 745; Timber Reserve, 729, 745; tourism in, 744, 745, 752–53, 755, 756, 757, 790; volcanism of, 758–61; wilderness of, 744; Yellowstone Lake, 750, 752, 762, 764
Yellowstone Reserve (presently part of Yellowstone National Park), 729, 745
Yellowstone River, Wyoming, 500, 764–65. See also Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone
Yellowstone River basin, 751
Yokuts (“Kings River Indians”), 455
Yosemite Creek, California, 212, 214, 220–22, 240, 243, 298, 306, 694, 810; branch basins of, 577–80; description of, 215, 578, 590; lakes of, 378
Yosemite Creek basin, 214; and glacial moraines, 578–80
Yosemite Creek Glacier, California, 577
Yosemite Falls, California, 221–22, 578, 588, 589, 697; description of, 215, 341
Yosemite National Park, California, 727, 739, 810; act to establish, 698n., 699; Emerson visits, 786–89; features of proposed park, 687–700; forests of, 767–89; glacial moraines in, 768; Hetch Hetchy Valley dam proposed, 814; logging in, 768; struggles over, 815. See also Yosemite Valley
Yosemite Point, California, 577
Yosemite trail, California, 209
Yosemite tribe. See Miwoks
Yosemite Valley, California, 161, 211, 212, 219–29, 223, 240, 250, 261, 275, 325, 331, 339, 340, 344, 345, 360, 362, 372, 375, 376, 378, 382, 487, 495, 521, 597, 687, 697, 712, 769, 815; birds of, 488–89; deer in, 584; depth of, 695; Douglas firs in, 418; earthquake in, 488, 759; floods in, 477, 588–91, 609; formation of, 624; glacial lakes, aging of, 380; glaciers in, 577–86; and Hetch Hetchy Valley, compared, 693, 697, 810–12, 816; landscapes of, 228; Muir’s first view of, 219–22; silver firs in, 421; sublimity of, 317; Tenaya Canyon compared to, 595; thunderstorms in, 484; tourism in, 166, 209, 211, 212, 263, 387, 628, 790
Young, Rev. S. Hall, 553, 557, 558, 570
Yuba and Feather divide. See Feather and Yuba divide
Yuba River, California, 467, 608; flora of, 535; tributaries of, 477
Yuba River basin, 608; and floods, 476
Yuba River valley, California, 614; and rainstorms, 481
yucca, 822