Science

Directions

You have 63 minutes to answer 53 questions. Do not work on any other section of the test during this time. 

  1. Which of the following are parts of a neuron?

    1. Brain, spinal column, and nerve cells
    2. Autonomic and somatic 
    3. Dendrites, axon, and soma
    4. Sympathetic and parasympathetic 

  2. Which of the following organelles is NOT involved in protein translation or processing?

    1. Ribosome
    2. Rough ER
    3. Mitochondrion
    4. Golgi apparatus

  3. Which of the following is primarily absorbed in the ileum? 

    1. Vitamin K
    2. Carbohydrates
    3. Water
    4. Vitamin B12

  4. Which of the following correctly includes all the layers of the skin, from the deepest layer outward?

    1. hypodermis, dermis, epidermis
    2. subcutaneous, sebaceous, dermis
    3. sebaceous, epidermis, dermis
    4. dermis, hypodermis, epidermis

  5. Which of the following is NOT a possible pairing of period numbers and orbital names?

    1. 2 and d
    2. 3 and d
    3. 2 and s
    4. 2 and p

  6. Which of the following is NOT a possible consequence of hypertension?

    1. Vascular scarring from increased plaque buildup 
    2. Hemoglobin not properly binding to oxygen 
    3. Stroke or aneurysm resulting from blood clots 
    4. Heart or kidney failure from poor vascularization 

  7. Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney? 

    1. Filtering blood
    2. Maintaining blood pressure
    3. Activating vitamin D
    4. Storing urea

  8. How many milligrams are in 10 grams?

    1. 100 mg
    2. 1000 mg
    3. 10,000 mg
    4. 100,000 mg

  9. In which of the following would blood pressure be the highest? 

    1. Aorta
    2. Capillaries
    3. Pulmonary arteries
    4. Vena cava

  10. Questions 10–12 are based on the following diagram.

  11. Diagram labeling various endocrine system glands and organs A - M

    Each letter in the diagram corresponds to a specific anatomical body part. Use the letters above to answer the following questions. 

    1. Which of the following secretes the hormone that regulates sleep cycle?

      1. a
      2. d
      3. f
      4. g

    2. Which of the following is stimulated to release hormones by an electrical signal?

      1. b
      2. c
      3. e
      4. k

    3. In which of the following  would progesterone be produced in response to a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH)? 

      1. b
      2. j
      3. k
      4. m

  13. Which of the following is NOT a function of surfactant in the lungs?

    1. Prevent alveolar collapse
    2. Increase gas exchange
    3. Decrease gas exchange
    4. Decrease surface tension

  14. Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of chemical digestion in the stomach? 

    1. Glucagon stimulates the release of gastric juice.
    2. Gherlin stimulates the release of HCl and pepsin.
    3. Gastrin stimulates the release of HCl and pepsinogen.
    4. Goblet cells stimulate the release of pepsin and pepsinogen.

  15. Which of the following are responsible for transmitting a motor impulse across the neuromuscular junction? 

    1. Neurotransmitters
    2. Nodes of Ranvier 
    3. Calcium ions 
    4. Action potentials

  16. When the body temperature becomes abnormally high, which of the following homeostatic processes occurs? 

    1. Sweat gland activity and blood flow to the subcutaneous layer of the skin increase, and hair follicles relax.
    2. Sweat gland activity and blood flow to the subcutaneous layer of the skin increase, and hair follicles contract.
    3. Sweat gland activity increases, blood flow to the subcutaneous layer of the skin decreases, and hair follicles relax.
    4. Sweat gland activity decreases, blood flow to the subcutaneous layer of the skin increases, and hair follicles relax.

  17. Which of the following is an enzyme that regulates arterial blood pressure? 

    1. Epinephrine
    2. Renin
    3. Glucagon
    4. Nephron

  18. Which of the following physical properties changes when volume changes but mass is held constant?

    1. Electronegativity
    2. Density
    3. Atomic radius
    4. First ionization energy

  19. Which of the following could result when the body is exposed to a live pathogen? 

    1. Active immunity
    2. Passive immunity 
    3. Antigen resistance
    4. Autoimmune disease

  20. A person complains of sciatica, pain that shoots from the lower back through the hips and legs. What is the most likely cause?

    1. Herniated lumbar disc
    2. Fractured coccyx
    3. Bruised calf muscle
    4. Myocardial infarction

  21. A recent editorial critical of a political candidate alleged, among other things, that she is more popular with less educated voters than with those with more education. The candidate believes that she is equally popular among voters across all levels of education. Her campaign manager wants to conduct a poll to ascertain which belief is correct. What would be an appropriate null hypothesis to test with the poll?

    1. The candidate is more popular among voters with less education than voters with more education.
    2. Other candidates are more popular among voters with more education.
    3. There is no correlation between the candidate’s popularity and voters' income levels. 
    4. There is no correlation between the candidate’s popularity and voters' education.

  22. Which of the following is NOT found in smooth muscle? 

    1. Actin
    2. Myosin
    3. Sarcomere
    4. Gap junction

  23. Questions 23–25 are based on the following information.

  24. For most substances, the solid phase is the densest, with molecules tightly packed in an orderly pattern. Water is the only substance that is denser as a liquid than as a solid and, as a result, has special properties. The phase diagram of water is shown below.

    The phase diagram of water has temperature on the x-axis and pressure on the y-axis. It shows that as temperature increases, water tends to become a liquid  (greater pressure) or a gas (less pressure). As pressure increases, water becomes a liquid (lower temperature) or a gas (higher temperature).
    Phase Diagram of Water

    A scientist set out to determine how the presence of contaminants in water changed its freezing point. The scientist added increasing concentrations of sodium chloride to water and measured the freezing point of each solution. The results are summarized in the following table.

    Experimental Results
    Solution Composition Freezing Point (oC)
    Pure Water
    		 0
    1M –2
    2M –4
    3M –6

    1. What would eventually happen to solid ice when the pressure is significantly increased at constant temperature?

      1. It would become a denser form of ice.
      2. It would melt to form the less dense liquid state.
      3. It would melt to form the denser liquid state.
      4. There would be no change.

    2. Which of the following is a valid conclusion that can be made from the freezing point data?

      1. Salt increases the freezing point of water, enabling it to melt at higher temperatures.
      2. Salt decreases the freezing point of water, enabling it to melt at higher temperatures.
      3. Salt decreases the freezing point of water, enabling it to melt at lower temperatures.
      4. Salt increases the freezing point of water, enabling it to melt at lower temperatures.

    3. Which of the following is NOT an endothermic process?

      1. Melting
      2. Sublimation
      3. Vaporization
      4. Deposition

  26. In its final stage, the HIV virus disrupts the immune system by which of the following methods? 

    1. Destroying lymphocytic cells that contain an antigen signature
    2. Favoring the production of memory cells over immunoglobulins
    3. Overproducing IgE and triggering a histamine reaction 
    4. Preventing the activation of cytotoxic T cells

  27. Which of the following correctly describes the role of the integumentary system? 

    1. Maintains adequate blood volume 
    2. Protects the body against dehydration 
    3. Secretes hormones into the bloodstream 
    4. Expels excess fluid from the body 

  28. The price of a call option at any point in time depends upon, among other factors, the number of days remaining until the option expires and the price of the underlying stock upon which the option is based. Some representative values are shown in the following table.

    Days Remaining Stock Price Call Price
    30 $20.00 $1.00
    60 $20.00 $1.75
    90 $20.00 $2.00
    30 $40.00 $2.00
    60 $40.00 $3.50
    90 $40.00 $4.00
    30 $60.00 $3.00
    60 $60.00 $5.25
    90 $60.00 $6.00

    Which of the following is true based on the relationships that can be determined from the data in the table?

    1. Call prices are unrelated to either stock prices or days remaining.
    2. Call prices are positively, linearly related to both stock prices and days remaining.
    3. Call prices are positively, linearly related to stock prices and positively, but not linearly, related to days remaining.
    4. Call prices are positively, but not linearly, related to stock prices and positively, linearly related to days remaining.

  29. Which of the following correctly identifies the location of the sternum on the body?

    1. Superior and ventral
    2. Superior and dorsal
    3. Inferior and ventral
    4. Inferior and dorsal

  30. Under normal circumstances, which of the following is normally found in urine? 

    1. Glucose 
    2. Urea
    3. Blood cells 
    4. Amino acids

  31. Which of the following statements is true of ventricular systole? 

    1. The ventricles relax and are passively filled with blood. 
    2. The ventricles are forcibly filled with blood from the atria. 
    3. The semilunar valves open under increased pressure.
    4. The atrioventricular (AV) valves open under increased pressure

  32. A researcher found that 17 percent of people suffering from chronic pain described themselves as very unhappy with their lives and 30 percent said they were somewhat unhappy. When he studied a group of people with the same demographic characteristics who were not experiencing chronic pain, only 6 percent said they were very unhappy with their lives and 17 percent were somewhat unhappy. Based on the results of his study, the researcher concluded that unhappiness is a major cause of chronic pain. Which of the following errors did the researcher make in reaching his conclusion?

    1. He equated correlation with causation.
    2. The study was biased.
    3. He only performed one study.
    4. He did not have a null hypothesis.

  33. Which of the following nervous systems work in tandem to maintain homeostasis of the body?

    1. Central and peripheral
    2. Autonomic and sympathetic
    3. Somatic and autonomic
    4. Sympathetic and parasympathetic

  34. Which of the following involves chemical digestion? 

    1. Salivating 
    2. Swallowing
    3. Chewing 
    4. Belching 

  35. Which of the following is NOT composed of macromolecules?

    1. Carbohydrate
    2. Gastric acid
    3. Nucleic acid
    4. Lipid

  36. Homeostatic control of blood glucose by insulin and glucagon is achieved by which of the following? 

    1. A decrease in blood glucose stimulates glucagon; an increase in blood glucose stimulates insulin.
    2. An increase in insulin lowers blood glucose; an increase in blood glucose stimulates glucagon.
    3. A increase in blood glucose stimulates glucagon; a decrease in blood glucose stimulates insulin.
    4. An increase in glucagon lowers blood glucose; a decrease in insulin lowers blood glucose.

  37. Balance the chemical equation by identifying the coefficients that correctly fill in the blanks.

    1. 2, 3, 6
    2. 3, 2, 6
    3. 3, 2, 8
    4. 6, 4, 12

  38. Which of the following is a short bone?

    1. Phalange
    2. Tarsal
    3. Scapula
    4. Radius

  39. Which hormone is responsible for triggering ovulation?

    1. Luteinizing hormone
    2. Estrogen
    3. Corpus luteum
    4. Progesterone

  40. Which of the following would decrease the rate of diffusion of oxygen from the lungs into the bloodstream?

    1. Decreasing the concentration of oxygen in the blood
    2. Increasing the surface area of the alveoli
    3. Increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood
    4. Increasing the concentration of oxygen in the blood

  41. The prescribed dose of a certain medication is 1 deciliter. The amount administered must be accurate to within ±1 percent. The amount being administered should be measured in what unit to the nearest whole number to ensure that the needed accuracy is attained?

    1. Decaliters
    2. Deciliters
    3. Milliliters
    4. Microliters

  42. Which of the following produces bile? 

    1. Gall bladder
    2. Bile duct
    3. Duodenum
    4. Liver

  43. Which of the following correctly pairs the reproductive structure with its function?

    1. Fallopian tubes, site of fertilization
    2. Prostate gland, produces sperm
    3. Uterus, site of fertilization
    4. Testes, produces nourishing fluid for sperm

  44. White fur is a recessive trait in a certain species of mammal. A black-furred parent and a white-furred parent produce an offspring that has white fur. Which of the following deductions is supported by the information given?

    1. The parents' next offspring will be black.
    2. The white-furred parent has a recessive black fur allele.
    3. The black-furred parent has a recessive white fur allele.
    4. The offspring has one black fur allele and one white fur allele.

  45. Which of the following blood vessels contain valves to prevent blood from flowing backward? 

    1. Arteries
    2. Capillaries
    3. Ventricles
    4. Veins

  46. Ohm’s law states that V = IR, where V is voltage, I is current flow, and R is total resistance. A science class performs an experiment to determine how placing two different resistors, with resistance  and , in parallel affects the total resistance of a circuit. The experiment uses a constant voltage; as the different resistors are placed in parallel in the circuit, the current flow is measured. From these values of V and I, R can be calculated using the proven logic of Ohm’s law. Which of the following equations is a hypothesis that can be evaluated with this experiment?

  47. Which of the following statements correctly describes the contraction of muscles and change in pressure inside the lungs during inhalation?

    1. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, decreasing pressure in the lungs.
    2. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, increasing pressure in the lungs.
    3. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, increasing pressure in the lungs
    4. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, decreasing pressure in the lungs. 

  48. A birder records the number of bluebirds he spotted on any given day and the high temperature recorded that day, as shown on the scatterplot above. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the temperature and the number of bluebirds observed based on the data shown?

    1. The number of bluebirds observed correlates positively with temperature.
    2. The number of bluebirds observed correlates negatively with temperature.
    3. There is no apparent correlation between temperature and the number of bluebirds observed. 
    4. Temperature is inversely correlated with the number of bluebirds observed.

  49. Which of the following cells would NOT be involved in the immune response to a pathogen encountered for the first time? 

    1. Macrophages
    2. NK lympocytes
    3. Plasma cells
    4. Dendritic cells

  50. Which of the following organs does NOT release a hormone involved in the absorption and/or distribution of nutrients from the digestive tract? 

    1. Stomach
    2. Pancreas
    3. Liver
    4. Small intestine 

  51. Which of the following is a part of the adaptive immune system? 

    1. Phagocytes
    2. Inflammation
    3. Earwax
    4. T cells

  52. Which if the following would lead to a decrease in respiration rate following the onset of hyperventilation?

    1. Decrease in blood pH
    2. Increase in blood pH
    3. Increase in blood carbon dioxide levels
    4. Increase in blood oxygen levels

  53. Which of the following bone cells is responsible for breaking down bone?

    1. Osteoclasts
    2. Osteocytes
    3. Osteoblasts
    4. Osteons