11 “I’ll Never Forget It …”
1. FBI statement of Linnie Mae Randle, CE 2008, WC Vol. XXIV, p. 407.
2. Ibid.
3. Statement of Wesley Buell Frazier, London Weekend Television, “The Trial of Lee Harvey Oswald.”
4. Testimony of Wesley Buell Frazier, WC Vol. II, p. 228.
5. Testimony of Charles Givens, WC Vol. VI, p. 352.
6. Testimony of James Jarman, WC Vol. III, p. 201.
7. See generally the diagram of the sixth floor, Texas School Book Depository, CE 483, WC Vol. XVII, p. 201.
8. Statement of Bonnie Ray Williams, CE 1381, WC Vol. XXII, pp. 681–82.
9. Testimony of Charles Givens, WC Vol. VI, p. 354.
10. Ibid., p. 349.
11. Ibid., p. 353.
12. Interview with Danny Arce, March 8, 1992; testimony of Bonnie Ray Williams, WC Vol. III, p. 168; testimony of Danny Arce, WC Vol. VI, p. 365; testimony of Billy Lovelady, WC Vol. VI, p. 337; affidavit of Jack E. Dougherty, November 22, 1963.
13. Jim Moore, Conspiracy of One (Fort Worth, Texas: The Summit Group, 1991) p. 44.
14. Testimony of Gerald Hill, WC Vol. VII, p. 46.
15. Testimony of Cortlandt Cunningham, WC Vol. II, p. 252.
16. Testimony of Capt. Will Fritz, WC Vol. IV, p. 224.
17. Summers, Conspiracy, p. 77.
18. Summers, op. cit., pp. 77, 554.
19. Testimony of Mrs. R. E. Carolyn Arnold, CE 1381, WC Vol. XXII, p. 635; FBI statement of Mrs. R. E. Arnold, November 26, 1963, File # DL-80–43.
20. CE 1381, p. 635; Summers, op. cit., p. 76.
21. Statements of Mrs. Donald Sam Baker (nee Virgie Rackley), CE 1381, WC Vol. XXII, p. 635, and Mrs. Barney R. (Betty) Dragoo, p. 645.
22. Testimony of James Jarman, WC Vol. III, p. 201.
23. Testimony of Troy West, WC Vol. VI, p. 361–62.
24. Testimony of Charles Givens, WC Vol. VI, p. 352; testimony of Danny Arce, WC Vol. VI, p. 365; testimony of Jack Dougherty, WC Vol. VI, p. 378.
25. Testimony of Joe Molina, WC Vol. VI, p. 372; testimony of Mrs. Robert Reid, WC Vol. III, p. 271.
26. Testimony of Billy Lovelady, WC Vol. VI, p. 338.
27. Testimony of Bonnie Ray Williams, WC Vol. III, p. 170.
28. Ibid.; diagram of the sixth floor of the Depository, CE 483, WC Vol. XVII, p. 201.
29. Testimony of Bonnie Ray Williams, WC Vol. III, pp. 169–70.
30. Summers, op. cit., p. 43.
31. FBI statement of Ruby Henderson, CE 2089, WCVol. XXIV, p. 524.
32. Sheriffs statement of Julia Ann Mercer, CE 2003, WCVol. XXIV, p. 216.
33. Marrs, Crossfire, p. 19.
34. Statement of Dallas police officer Joe Murphy, December 9, 1963, CD 205.
35. Earl Golz interview with John Powell for the Dallas Morning News, December 19, 1978.
36. Summers, op. cit., p. 43.
37. Ibid., p. 44.
38. Memo, SAC Dallas to Director, FBI, December 15, 1964.
39. Ibid., p. 2.
40. FBI memo, ibid.; interview with Dallas sheriff Robert Knowles, March 3, 1992.
41. Memo, SAC Dallas to Director, FBI, December 15, 1964, p. 2.
42. Testimony of Arnold Rowland, WC Vol. II, pp. 169–70.
43. Ibid., p. 176.
44. Ibid., pp. 185–87.
45. Testimony of Mrs. Arnold Rowland, WC Vol. VI, pp. 181–85.
46. Testimony of F. M. Turner, WC Vol. VII, p. 220; testimony of Forrest Sorrels, WC Vol. VII, p. 351.
47. Testimony of Arnold Rowland, WC Vol. II, p. 178.
48. Ibid., pp. 179, 189.
49. Ibid., p. 181.
50. Testimony of Mrs. Arnold Rowland, WC Vol. VI, pp. 177–80.
51. Ibid., p. 185.
52. Ibid., p. 190.
53. FBI statement of Carolyn Walther, CE 2086, WC Vol. XXIV, p. 522.
54. FBI statement of Pearl Springer, CE 2087, WC Vol. XXIV, p. 523.
55. Earl Golz interview notes with Mrs. Eric Walther, November 21, 1978, maintained in the archives of the Assassination Research Center, Washington, D.C.
56. FBI statement of Carolyn Walther, CE 2086, WC Vol. XXIV, p. 522.
57. Testimony of Robert Edwards, WC Vol. VI, pp. 201–2.
58. Testimony of Ronald Fischer, WC Vol. VI, p. 194.
59. Interview with Ronald Fischer, January 19, 1992.
60. Testimony of Ronald Fischer, WC Vol. VI, p. 194; testimony of Robert Edwards, WC Vol. VI, pp. 203–4.
61. CD 1245.
62. Testimony of Jacqueline Kennedy, WC Vol. V, p. 179.
63. Testimony of Bobby Hargis, WC Vol. VI, pp. 294–95.
64. Interview with Danny Arce, March 9, 1992.
65. Author’s review of Warren Commission volumes and statements from Dealey Plaza witnesses by FBI, sheriffs office, and Dallas police.
66. HSCA Rpt. p. 87.
67. Ibid., p. 90.
68. Josiah Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas, (New York: Berkley, 1976), p. 26.
69. Testimony of James Underwood, WC Vol. VI, p. 169.
70. Testimony of Bobby Hargis, WC Vol. VI, p. 294.
71. Moore, Conspiracy of One, p. 33.
72. Testimony of Tom Dillard, WC Vol. VI, p. 165; testimony of James Underwood, WC Vol. VI, p. 169; testimony of Ronald Fischer, WC Vol. VI, p. 195; testimony of Joe Murphy, WC Vol. VI, p. 259; testimony of D. V. Harkness, WC Vol. VI, p. 309.
73. Testimony of James Crawford, WC Vol. VI, p. 174; testimony of S. M. Holland, WC Vol. VI, p. 243.
74. Testimony of Abraham Zapruder, WC Vol. VII, p. 572.
75. Testimony of Lee Bowers, WC Vol. VI, p. 287.
76. Testimony of Roy Truly, WC Vol. III, p. 283.
77. “Analysis of Recorded Sounds Relating to the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy,” Bolt, Beranek and Newman Inc., in “A Study of the Acoustics Evidence Related to the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy,” appendix to the hearing before the Select Committee on Assassinations, Vol. VIII, sec. 4.1.
78. HSCA Rpt., p. 68.
79. Ibid., p. 72.
80. Testimony of H. B. McClain, HSCA Vol. V, p. 637.
81. Interview with H. B. McClain, March 3, 1992.
82. Ibid.
83. Report of the Committee on Ballistics Acoustics, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources; National Research Council; National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1982, p. 7.
84. HSCA Rpt., pp. 75–76.
85. Interview with H. B. McClain, March 3, 1992.
86. James C. Bowles, “The Kennedy Assassination Tapes: A Rebuttal to the Acoustical Evidence Theory,” unpublished, pp. 50–51.
87. Ibid.
88. “Who Shot President Kennedy?,” Nova Productions, 1988.
89. Letter to the author from Professor Norman Ramsey, April 3, 1992.
90. Report of the Committee on Ballistics Acoustics, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources; National Research Council; National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1982, pp. 23–26.
91. Ibid., pp. 34, 38.
92. Testimony of Harold Norman, WC Vol. III, p. 195.
93. Interview with Harold Norman, January 19, 1992.
94. Testimony of Bonnie Ray Williams, WC Vol. III, p. 175.
95. Interview with Harold Norman; testimony of Harold Norman, WC Vol. III, pp. 191, 194–96.
96. Interview with Harold Norman; testimony of Bonnie Ray Williams, WC Vol. III, p. 175.
97. Testimony of Robert Jackson, WC Vol. II, p. 159; testimony of Malcolm Couch, WC Vol. VI, p. 157.
98. Interview with Travis Linn, April 15, 1992.
99. Ibid.
100. Testimony of Malcolm Couch, WC Vol. VI, p. 158.
101. Testimony of Robert Jackson, WC Vol. II, p. 159.
102. Ibid., p. 160.
103. Testimony of Malcolm Couch, WC Vol. VI, pp. 156–57.
104. Testimony of James Crawford, WC Vol. VI, p. 173.
105. Ibid., p. 174.
106. Testimony of Mrs. Earle Cabell, WC Vol. VII, p. 486.
107. Testimony of James Worrell, WC Vol. II, p. 193.
108. Ibid., p. 200.
109. Interview with Amos Lee Euins, January 19, 1992.
110. Ibid.
111. Testimony of Amos Lee Euins, WC Vol. II, p. 204.
112. Photo of the Book Depository as marked by Howard Brennan, CE 477; photo of Howard Brennan taken on March 20, 1964, showing his position on the day of the assassination, CE 478; negative of a slide taken from the Zapruder film, CE 479, WC Vol. XVII, pp. 196–98.
113. Howard Brennan and J. Edward Cherryholmes, Eyewitness to History: The Kennedy Assassination: As Seen by Howard Brennan (Waco, Texas: Texian Press, 1987) p. 7; testimony of Howard Brennan, WC Vol. III, p. 143.
114. Brennan and Cherryholmes, op. cit., pp. 8–9.
115. Ibid., p. 13; testimony of Howard Brennan, WC Vol III, pp. 144–45.
116. Brennan and Cherryholmes, op. cit., p. 13.
117. Ibid., pp. 14–15.
118. Testimony of Howard Brennan, WC Vol. III, p. 145.
119. Transcript of Dallas police channels for November 22, 1963, CE 705, WC Vol. XVII, p. 397.
120. Brennan and Cherryholmes, op. cit., p. 25.
121. Testimony of Howard Brennan, WC Vol. III, p. 148.
122. Brennan and Cherryholmes, op. cit., p. 160.
123. Testimony of Howard Brennan, WC Vol. III, p. 158.
124. Brennan and Cherryholmes, op. cit., p. 18.
125. Lane, Rush to Judgment, p. 75.
126. Marrs, Crossfire, p. 26.
127. Anson, “They’ve Killed the President!,” p. 18.
128. Testimony of Howard Brennan, WC Vol. III, p. 147.
129. Brennan and Cherryholmes, op. cit., pp. 6–7.
130. Decker Exhibit 5323, statement of Jean Hill to sheriff’s department, WC Vol. XIX, p. 479.
131. Testimony of Jean Hill, WC Vol. VI, pp. 206–7.
132. Ibid., p. 208.
133. Decker Exhibit 5323, statement of Jean Hill to sheriff’s department, WC Vol. XIX, p. 479.
134. Testimony of Jean Hill, WC Vol. VI, p. 207.
135. Marrs, op. cit., p. 323.
136. Testimony of Jean Hill, WC Vol. VI, p. 212.
137. Ibid., pp. 212, 214.
138. Ibid., p. 212.
139. Summers, op. cit., p. 51.
140. Ibid.; Hurt, Reasonable Doubt, p. 119.
141. Decker Exhibit 5323, statement of Jean Hill to sheriff’s department, WC Vol. XIX, p. 479.
142. Marrs, op. cit., p. 323.
143. Interview with Gary Mack, February 23, 1992.
144. Marrs, op. cit., p. 38.
145. USA Today television program, February 20, 1989.
146. Marrs, op. cit., p. 484.
147. Ibid., p. 483.
148. Ibid., p. 39.
149. Decker Exhibit 5323, affidavit of J. C.Price, WC Vol. XIX, p. 492.
150. Marrs, op. cit., p. 39.
151. Testimony of Lee Bowers, WC Vol. VI, pp. 285–86.
152. Ibid., p. 287.
153. Ibid., p. 288.
154. Testimony of S. M. Holland, WC Vol. VI, pp. 243–44.
155. Decker Exhibit 5323, affidavit of Sam Holland, WC Vol. XIX, p. 480.
156. Testimony of Frank Reilly, WC Vol. VI, p. 227; testimony of J. W. Foster, WC Vol. VI, pp. 249–52; Decker Exhibit 5323, affidavit of Royce Skelton, WC Vol. XIX, p. 496.
157. Edward Jay Epstein, Inquest: The Warren Commission and the Establishment of the Truth (New York: Viking, 1966), p. 70.
158. FBI report of interview with James Simmons, CE 1416, WC Vol. XXII, p. 833.
159. FBI report of interview with Clemon Johnson, CE 1422, WC Vol. XIX, p. 836.
160. Decker Exhibit 5223, statement of Austin Miller, WC Vol. XIX, p. 485.
161. Interview with Art Pence, February 21, 1992.
162. Testimony of Mrs. Robert Reid, WC Vol. 3, p. 273; testimony of Luke Mooney, WC Vol. III, p. 282; testimony of Tom Dilliard, WC Vol. VI, p. 165; testimony of James Romack, WC Vol. VI, p. 280; WC Vol. VII, p. 517.
163. Testimony of Seymour Weitzman, WC Vol. VII, pp. 107, 109; interview with Jim Moore, March 13, 1992.
164. Gordon Arnold, interviewed by Earl Golz, August 27, 1978, for the Dallas Morning News.
165. Interview with Jim Moore, March 13, 1992.
166. Marrs, op. cit., pp. 81–86.
167. FBI statement of Ed Hoffman, June 28, 1967, Dallas field office files.
168. Testimony of Earle Brown, WC Vol. VI, p. 236.
169. Testimony of Joe Murphy, WC Vol. VI, pp. 256–58.
170. Testimony of Eugene Moore, WC Vol. III, p. 294; testimony of Earle Brown, WC Vol. VI, p. 233; interview with Jim Moore, March 4 and 13, 1992.
171. Interview with Jim Moore.
172. Ibid.
173. Decker Exhibit 5323, affidavit of Malcolm Summers, WC Vol. XIX, p. 500.
174. Marrs, op. cit., p. 330.
175. Earl Golz, “Ex-Officer Suspects He Chased ‘2nd gun,’” Dallas Morning News, August 20, 1978, p. 42A.
176. Marrs, op. cit., p. 326.
177. “Scenes from an Assassination,” Dallas Times Herald, November 20, 1978.
178. Interview with David Perry, March 2, 1992.
179. Duke Lane, “The Black Car Chase and the Cowtown Connection,” unpublished, 1993.
180. Entre Nous newsletter, Vol 14, #2, “Will the Real Umbrella Man Please Stand Up?,” p. 15.
181. Testimony of Louie Witt, HSCA Vol. IV, pp. 428–33, 441–52.
182. Testimony of Billy Lovelady, WC Vol. VI, p. 338.
183. Testimony of Danny Arce, WC Vol. VI, p. 367; testimony of Wesley Buell Frazier, WC Vol. II, pp. 233, 234, 236, 242; testimony of Harold Norman, WC Vol. IIIsss, p. 202; testimony of Mrs. Donald Baker, WC Vol. VII, p. 515; and testimony of William Shelley, WC Vol. VI, pp. 328–29.
184. Marrs, op. cit. p. 46.
185. Interviews with Tom Weaver, March 8, 1992, and John Crawson and Bernie Schram, March 6, 1992.
186. Interview with Francine Burrows, March 6, 1992.
12 “HE LOOKS LIKE A MANIAC”
1. Testimony of Marrion Baker, WC Vol. III, p. 246.
2. Ibid., p. 252, 253.
3. Ibid., p. 252.
4. Testimony of George Rackley, WC Vol. VI, pp. 276–77; testimony of James Romack, WC Vol. VI, pp. 280–82.
5. Testimony of D. V. Harkness, WC Vol. VI, p. 311; testimony of J. Herbert Sawyer, WC Vol. VI, p. 320.
6. Testimony of Mrs. Robert Reid, WC Vol. III, pp. 278–79.
7. Ibid., p. 274.
8. Testimony of Cecil McWatters, WC Vol. II, p. 265.
9. Testimony of Mary Bledsoe, WC Vol. VI, p. 409.
10. Testimony of Cecil McWatters, WC Vol. VI, p. 265.
11. Ibid., p. 272.
12. Testimony of William Whaley, WC Vol. II, p. 256.
13. Testimony of Earlene Roberts, WC Vol. VI, p. 438.
14. Ibid., p. 439.
15. HSCA Rpt., p. 183.
16. Testimony of Luke Mooney, WC Vol. III, p. 283; testimony of Eugene Boone, WC Vol. III, p. 292; testimony of Bobby Hargis, WC Vol. VI, pp. 295–96; testimony of D.V. Harkness, WC Vol. VI, p. 310; testimony of Seymour Weitzman, WC Vol. VII, p. 107; testimony of J. M. Smith, WC Vol. VII, pp. 535–37, 568.
17. Testimony of Luke Mooney, WC Vol. III, p. 284.
18. Testimony of Carl Day, WC Vol. IV, p. 250.
19. Interview with Carl Day, January 19, 1992.
20. Testimony of Robert Frazier, WC Vol. III, pp. 414–28; testimony of Joseph Nicol, WC Vol. III, pp. 505–7; CE 558, WC Vol. XVII, p. 556.
21. Interview with Carl Day.
22. Ibid.
23. A carton labeled box “A” found on the sixth floor of the Book Depository, CE 641; photo of Oswald’s left palm print card (CE 628) with a circle around a portion of the palm print, CE 642; photo of the latent palm print on CE 641, CE 643, WC Vol. XVII, pp. 292–93; testimony of Sebastian Latona, WC Vol. IV, p. 31.
24. Testimony of Sebastian Latona, WC Vol. IV, pp. 32, 35.
25. Interview with Carl Day.
26. Testimony of Will Fritz, WC Vol. IV, p. 206; testimony of Luke Mooney, WC Vol. III, p. 293.
27. Interview with Carl Day.
28. Testimony of Carl Day, WC Vol. IV, p. 267.
29. WC Appendix X, “Expert Testimony,” pp. 565–66; WC Vol. IV, p. 5.
30. WR, p. 135; testimony of Wesley Buell Frazier, WC Vol. II, p. 228.
31. Testimony of Nat Pinkston, WC Vol. VI, pp. 333–35.
32. Marrs, Crossfire, pp. 333–337.
33. Police arrest records of Gus W. Abrams, Harold Doyle, and John Gedney, November 22, 1963, Dallas Municipal Archives and Records Center.
34. Call of Tippit into Oak Cliff: testimony of Jesse Curry, WC Vol. IV, pp. 178–79, 184–86, 193; testimony of James Putnam, WC Vol. VII, pp. 75–77; testimony of Calvin Owens, WC Vol. VII, pp. 81–82; Oswald walking east on Patton: testimony of Helen Markham, WC Vol. III, p. 317; testimony of William Scoggins, WC Vol. III, p. 325. (Some thought Oswald was walking west, the opposite direction, but later admitted that Oswald had turned around to look at the police car, which put him in a westerly direction.)
35. WR, p. 165.
36. Testimony of C. T. Walker, WC Vol. VII, p. 42.
37. Testimony of Helen Markham, WC Vol. III, p. 308.
38. Ibid., p. 320; interview with Jim Leavelle, March 7, 1992.
39. Testimony of Helen Markham, WC Vol. III, p. 311.
40. Testimony of Virginia Davis, WC Vol. VI, p. 457.
41. Testimony of Barbara Jeanette Davis, WC Vol. III, p. 343.
42. Testimony of C. W. Brown, WC Vol. VII, p. 250.
43. Testimony of William Scoggins, WC Vol. III, p. 325.
44. Ibid., p. 327.
45. Ibid., p. 334.
46. Testimony of Domingo Benavides, WC Vol. VI, p. 446.
47. Ibid., p. 449.
48. Testimony of Ted Callaway, WC Vol. III, p. 352.
49. Ibid., pp. 353–54.
50. Ibid., p. 355.
51. Testimony of Sam Guinyard, WC Vol. VII, p. 400.
52. Testimony of Warren Reynolds, WC Vol. XI, p. 435.
53. Ibid., p. 436.
54. Ibid., p. 435.
55. Testimony of William Smith, WC Vol. VII, p. 85; testimony of B. M. Patterson, WC Vol. XV, pp. 744–5.
56. London Weekend Television, “Trial of Lee Harvey Oswald,” testimony of Jack Tatum.
57. Testimony of W. R. Westbrook, WC Vol. VII, p. 115; testimony of Thomas Hutson, WC Vol. VII, pp. 30, 33.
58. Testimony of Helen Markham, William Scoggins, and Virginia Davis, WC Vol. III, pp. 312, 328, 347.
59. Testimony of Ted Callaway, WC Vol. III, p. 356.
60. Testimony of Domingo Benavides, WC Vol. VI, p. 453; testimony of Virginia Davis, William Smith, and Sam Guinyard, WC Vol. VII, pp. 45, 85, 264, 401.
61. Testimony of Marina Oswald, WC Vol. I, pp. 121–22.
62. Ibid., p. 122.
63. Testimony of Barbara Davis, WC Vol. III, pp. 345–46; testimony of Domingo Benavides, WC Vol. VI, pp. 448–50, 460. The shells were marked at the scene by Dallas policeman J. M. Poe (WC VI, p. 49; WC VII, pp. 272, 275, 276), but he later could not identify his marking because during the chain of evidence four FBI sets of initials had been added, obliterating most of his original markings (WC III, p. 511).
64. Testimony of Cortlandt Cunningham, WC Vol. III, pp. 470, 473; testimony of Joseph Nicol, WC Vol. III, p. 511.
65. “The Warren Inquiry,” CBS News, Part III, June 27, 1967.
66. Testimony of Cortlandt Cunningham, WC Vol. III, p. 483.
67. Testimony of Joseph Nicol, WC Vol. III, pp. 512–13; “The Warren Inquiry,” CBS News, Part III, June 27, 1967.
68. Hurt, Reasonable Doubt, p. 158.
69. Davis, Mafia Kingfish, p. 210.
70. Testimony of Johnny Calvin Brewer, WC Vol. VII, p. 3.
71. Ibid., p. 4.
72. Testimony of Julia Postal, WC Vol. VII, pp. 10, 14.
73. Testimony of William Burroughs, WC Vol. VII, p. 15.
74. Testimony of Julia Postal, WC Vol. VII, p. 11.
75. Testimony of Johnny Calvin Brewer, WC Vol. VII, p. 5.
76. Testimony of Julia Postal, WC Vol. VII, p. 11.
77. Radio log of Channel One of the Dallas Police Department for November 22, 1963, CE 705, WC Vol. XVII, p. 418.
78. Testimony of Johnny Calvin Brewer, WC Vol. VII, p. 6.
79. Testimony of Gerald Hill, WC Vol. VII, p. 59.
80. Testimony of Ruth Paine, WC Vol. III, pp. 78–79.
81. Interview with Ruth Paine, April 18, 1992.
82. Testimony of Ruth Paine, WC Vol. IX, p. 433.
83. Testimony of Ruth Paine, WC Vol. III, p. 69.
84. Ibid., pp. 68–69.
85. Ibid., p. 79.
86. Testimony of Marina Oswald, WC Vol. I, p. 74.
87. Interview with Carl Day.
88. Ibid.
89. Testimony of Sebastian Latona, WC Vol. IV, p. 24.
90. Interview with Carl Day.
91. Testimony of Sebastian Latona, WC Vol. IV, p. 24.
92. Transcript of press conference with Henry Wade, CE 2168, WC Vol. XXIV, p. 821.
93. Testimony of Sebastian Latona, WC Vol. IV, p. 24.
94. Hurt, op. cit., pp. 106–9.
95. Ibid., p. 109.
96. Interview with Carl Day.
13 “HE HAD A DEATH LOOK”
1. Interview with Dr. Pepper Jenkins, March 10, 1992.
2. Ibid.
3. Interview with Dr. Bill Midgett, April 16, 1992.
4. Interview with H. B. McClain, March 3, 1992.
5. Interview with Dr. Bill Midgett, April 16, 1992.
6. Interview with Dr. Pepper Jenkins, March 10, 1992.
7. Testimony of Diana Bowren, WC Vol. VI, pp. 134–35.
8. “Three Patients at Parkland,” Texas State Journal of Medicine, Vol. 60, January 1964, p. 61.
9. Interview with Dr. Pepper Jenkins, March 10, 1992.
10. Interview with Dr. Ron Jones, April 14, 1992.
11. Interview with Dr. Paul Peters, March 10, 1992.
12. Interview with Dr. Charles Baxter, March 12, 1992.
13. Interview with Dr. Malcolm Perry, April 2, 1992.
14. Charles Crenshaw, JFK: Conspiracy of Silence (New York: Signet, 1992), p. 80.
15. Statement of Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson, WC Vol. V, p. 566.
16. Interview with Dr. Ron Jones, April 14, 1992.
17. Interview with Dr. Adolph Giesecke, March 5, 1992.
18. Interview with Dr. Pepper Jenkins, March 10, 1992.
19. Interview with Dr. Malcolm Perry, April 2, 1992.
20. Interview with Dr. Charles Baxter, March 12, 1992.
21. Ibid.
22. Interview with Dr. Pepper Jenkins, March 10, 1992.
23. Interview with Dr. Charles Baxter, March 12, 1992.
24. Ibid.
25. Interview with Dr. Pepper Jenkins, March 10, 1992.
26. Testimony of Doris Mae Nelson, WC Vol. VI, p. 146; testimony of Kenneth O’Donnell, WC Vol. VII, p. 452; Price (Charles J.) Exhibit 12, pp. 203–4; Price Exhibit 21, p. 216.
27. Interview with Dr. Robert Shaw, March 11, 1992.
28. Ibid.
29. Testimony of Darrell C. Tomlinson, WC Vol. VI, pp. 129–31.
30. WR, p. 58.
31. Statement of President Lyndon B. Johnson, WC Vol. V, p. 563.
32. Dennis L. Breo, “JFK’s Death, Part II: Dallas MDs Recall Their Memo ries,” Journal of the American Medical Association, Volume 267, No. 20, May 27, 1992, p. 2806.
33. Crenshaw, op. cit., pp. 118–19.
34. Dennis L. Breo, “JFK’s Death, Part II: Dallas MDs Recall Their Memo ries,” p. 2806.
35. Interview with Dr. Charles Baxter, March 12, 1992.
36. Testimony of Roy Kellerman, WC Vol. II, p. 97.
37. Ibid., pp. 97–98.
38. David S. Lifton, Best Evidence: Disguise and Deception in the Assassination of John F. Kennedy (New York: Macmillan, 1980), p. 678.
39. FBI report, November 26, 1963, File # 89–30, by Francis X. O’Neill, Jr., and James W. Sibert, p. 3.
40. Interview with Francis O’Neill, November 5, 1992.
41. Interviews with Dr. Michael Baden, January 28, 1992, and November 7, 1992.
42. Interview with Dr. Cyril Wecht, February 4, 1992.
43. William Manchester, Death of a President (London: Michael Joseph, 1967) pp. 361–62; Godfrey T. McHugh, letter to the editor, Time, February 16, 1981.
44. Ibid., pp. 361–62.
45. Admiral George G. Burkley, recorded interview by William McHugh, October 17, 1967, pages 16–17, John F. Kennedy Library Oral History Project.
46. Interview with Francis O’Neill, November 5, 1992.
47. The Washington Post, November 23, 1963, p. All.
48. Dennis L. Breo, “JFK’s Death, Part II: The Plain Truth from the MDs Who Did the Autopsy,” Journal of the American Medical Association, Volume 267, No. 20, May 27, 1992, pp. 2795–96.
49. Ibid.
50. Interview with Dr. James Humes, November 2, 1992.
51. Interview with Francis O’Neill, November 5, 1992.
52. Testimony of Dr. James Humes, WC Vol. II, p. 349; Dennis L. Breo, “JFK’s Death: The Plain Truth from the MDs Who Did the Autopsy,” p. 2797.
53. Interview with Francis O’Neill, November 5, 1992.
54. Dennis L. Breo, “JFK’s Death: The Plain Truth from the MDs Who Did the Autopsy,” p. 2798.
55. Groden and Livingstone, High Treason, p. 82.
56. “Report of Autopsy Color Photographs’ Authenticity,” by Frank Scott, August 15, 1978, HSCA Vol. VII, pp. 69–70.
57. HSCA Vol. VI, pp. 239–40; HSCA Vol. VII, p. 43.
58. Authentication of John F. Kennedy Autopsy Radiographs and Photographs, HSCA Vol. VII, Addendum A, pp. 43–45; HSCA Vol. I, p. 152.
59. Testimony of Dr. Lowell Levine, HSCA Vol. I, p. 173.
60. Dennis L. Breo, “JFK’s Death: The Plain Truth from the MDs Who Did the Autopsy,” p. 2798.
61. Interview with Dr. Cyril Wecht, February 4, 1992.
62. Dennis L. Breo, “JFK’s Death: The Plain Truth from the MDs Who Did the Autopsy,” p. 2799.
63. Interview with Dr. Michael Baden, February 1, 1992.
64. Interview with Dr. John Lattimer, February 6, 1992.
65. Interview with Dr. Ron Jones, April 14, 1992.
66. Transcript of news conference, “At the White House with Wayne Hawks,” November 22, 1963, archives of Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, p. 6.
67. Interview with Dr. Malcolm Perry, April 2, 1992.
68. Interview with Dr. Ron Jones, April 14, 1992.
69. Testimony of Dr. Charles Carrico, WC Vol. VI, p. 5; interview with Dr. Carrico, March 8, 1992.
70. Interview with Dr. Pepper Jenkins, March 10, 1992.
71. Interview with Dr. Michael Baden, February 1, 1992.
72. John Lattimer, Kennedy and Lincoln, pp. 232–39; testimony of Dr. Michael Baden, HSCA Vol. I, pp. 305–6.
73. Interview with Dr. Charles Carrico, March 8, 1992.
74. Testimony of Dr. Michael Baden, HSCA Vol. I, pp. 189–91.
75. Ibid., p. 192.
76. Ibid., p. 199.
77. Ibid., p. 230.
78. Dennis L. Breo, “JFK’s Death: The Plain Truth from the MDs Who Did the Autopsy,” p. 2798.
79. Testimony of Dr. James Humes, WC Vol. II, p. 359.
80. Ibid., pp. 354–55.
81. Testimony of Dr. James Humes, WC Vol. II, p. 353; Dennis L. Breo, “JFK’s Death: The Plain Truth from the MDs Who Did the Autopsy,” p. 2798.
82. Ibid.; testimony of Dr. James Humes, WC Vol. II, p. 354.
83. Interview with Dr. Pepper Jenkins, March 10, 1992.
84. Interview with Dr. Charles Carrico, March 8, 1992.
85. Interview with Dr. Adolph Giesecke, March 5, 1992.
86. Interview with Dr. Malcolm Perry, April 2, 1992.
87. Interview with Dr. Charles Baxter, March 12, 1992.
88. Interview with Dr. Ron Jones, April 14, 1992.
89. Interviews with Dr. Michael Baden, February 1, 1992, and November 7, 1992.
90. Groden and Livingstone, op. cit., p. 46.
91. Interview with Dr. Charles Carrico, March 8, 1992.
92. Interview with Dr. Adolph Giesecke, March 5, 1992.
93. Interview with Dr. Pepper Jenkins, March 3, 1992.
94. Interview with Dr. Malcolm Perry, April 2, 1992.
95. Interview with Dr. Charles Baxter, March 12, 1992.
96. Interview with Dr. Ron Jones, April 14, 1992.
97. Interview with Dr. Adolph Giesecke, March 5, 1992.
98. Interview with Dr. Robert McClelland, March 9, 1992.
99. Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas, p. 140.
100. Interview with Dr. Malcolm Perry, April 2, 1992.
101. Interview with Dr. Paul Peters, March 10, 1992; Dr. Peters also drew a diagram that showed the doctors’ positions around the table and provided it to the author.
102. Interview with Dr. Pepper Jenkins, March 10, 1992.
103. Interview with Dr. Michael Baden, February 1, 1992.
104. Charles Crenshaw, op. cit., p. 88.
105. HSCA Vol. VII, pp. 110, 115.
106. Ibid., p. 128.
107. Interview with Dr. Michael Baden, January 23, 1992.
108. “John Kennedy Assassination Film Analysis,” Francis Corbett, Itek Corporation, 1975.
109. HSCA Vol. VII, pp. 174–75; Lattimer, op. cit., p. 255.
110. Lattimer, op. cit., p. 255.
111. Luis W. Alvarez, “A Physicist Examines the Kennedy Assassination Film,” American Journal of Physics, Vol. 44, No. 9, September 1976, p. 819.
112. Interview with Dr. Michael Baden, January 23, 1992.
14 “MY GOD, THEY ARE GOING TO KILL US ALL”
1. Testimony of Lyndal Shaneyfelt, WC Vol. V, p. 153.
2. “The Warren Report,” CBS News, Part I, June 25, 1967, p. 14.
3. HSCA Rpt., p. 83.
4. Author’s review of witness statements published in the twenty-six volumes of the Warren Commission and available in the National Archives.
5. WR, pp. 111–12.
6. Ibid., p. 114.
7. Testimony of Lyndal Shaneyfelt, WC Vol. V, pp. 146–51.
8. WR p. 115.
9. Testimony of Wesley Buell Frazier, WC Vol. II, p. 234.
10. Testimony of Howard Brennan, WC Vol. III, p. 143.
11. Testimony of Barbara Rowland, WC Vol. VI, p. 184.
12. Testimony of Royce Skelton, WC Vol. VI, p. 237.
13. Testimony of Geneva Hine, WC Vol. VI, p. 395.
14. Letter from the Secret Service to the Commission, dated June 11, 1964, with attached statements of Secret Service personnel concerning the events surrounding the assassination, CE 1024, WC Vol. XVIII, p. 723.
15. Ibid., p. 754.
16. Ibid., p. 760.
17. Interview with Jim Moore, March 9, 1992.
18. David Lui, “The Little Girl Must Have Heard,” The Dallas Times Herald, June 3, 1979, H-3.
19. Rosemary Willis interview with Marcia Smith-Durk, 1979.
20. Testimony of John B. Connally, WC Vol. IV, pp. 132–33.
21. HSCA Vol. VI, p. 29.
22. Luis Alvarez, “A Physicist Examines the Kennedy Assassination Film,” American Journal of Physics, Vol. 44, No. 9, September 1976, pp. 815–19.
23. “The Warren Report,” CBS News, Part I, June 25, 1967, pp. 17–18.
24. Ibid., p. 29.
25. Ibid., p. 28.
26. Testimony of Dr. Vincent Guinn, HSCA Vol. I, pp. 504, 555–56.
27. Testimony of Robert Frazier, WC Vol. V, pp. 172–73.
28. Interview with Robert Kraus, March 29, 1992.
29. Testimony of Virgie Rachley, WC Vol. VII, p. 509.
30. Ibid., p. 513.
31. Interview with James Tague, January 19, 1992.
32. Ibid., January 20, 1992.
33. Ibid., January 19, 1992.
34. Warren Commission memorandum, Arlen Specter to Lee Rankin, June 11, 1964; WC Vol. XXI, p. 472.
35. WR, p. 117.
36. Testimony of Robert Frazier, WC Vol. III, pp. 432, 435.
37. Testimony of Lyndal Shaneyfelt, WC Vol. XV, p. 700.
38. Interview with Art Pence, February 21, 1992.
39. WR, p. 105.
40. HSCA Rpt., p. 46.
41. HSCA Vol. VI, p. 43.
42. Testimony of Governor John Connally, WC Vol. IV, p. 135.
43. Ibid., p. 133.
44. Interview with Dr. Michael Baden, January 21, 1992; interview with Dr. Michael West, November 7, 1992.
45. Testimony of Dr. Malcolm Perry, WC Vol. III, p. 389; Lattimer, Kennedy and Lincoln, pp. 241–43;
46. Interview with Dr. Michael West, November 7, 1992.
47. Interview with Dr. John Lattimer, May 25, 1993.
48. Lattimer, op. cit., pp. 243–44; interview with Dr. Lattimer, February 6, 1992.
49. Interview with Dr. John Lattimer, February 6, 1992.
50. Interview with Dr. Michael West, November 7, 1992; interview with Dr. Robert Piziali, November 9, 1992.
51. Testimony of Governor John Connally, WC Vol. IV, p. 145.
52. Testimony of Robert Frazier, WC Vol. V, p. 63; front view of coat worn by Governor Connally at time of assassination, CE 683; front view of shirt worn by Governor Connally, CE 686, WC Vol. XVII.
53. HSCA Rpt., p. 46.
54. Interview with Dr. Michael West, February 6, 1992.
55. Ibid.
56. Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas, p. 89.
57. Governor John Connally press conference, December 1963.
58. Testimony of Governor John Connally, WC Vol. IV, pp. 135–36.
59. Interviews with Dr. Michael Baden and Dr. Michael West, November 7, 1992.
60. Interview with Governor John Connally, May 27, 1992.
61. Testimony of Nellie Connally, WC Vol. IV, p. 147.
62. Ibid.
63. Testimony of Governor John Connally, WC Vol. IV, p. 133.
64. Testimony of Dr. Robert Piziali, American Bar Association, mock trial of Lee Harvey Oswald, August 10, 1992.
65. Interview with Dr. Robert Piziali, November 9, 1992; testimony of Dr. Piziali, American Bar Association, mock trial of Lee Harvey Oswald, August 10, 1992.
66. Interview with Dr. Michael Baden, November 7, 1992.
67. Testimony of Dr. Robert Piziali, American Bar Association, mock trial of Lee Harvey Oswald, August 10, 1992.
68. Bonar Menninger, Mortal Error: The Shot That Killed JFK (New York: St. Martins Press, 1992), p. 37.
69. Testimony of Dr. Michael Baden, HSCA Vol. I, pp. 305–6.
70. Bullet that caused damage shown in CE 854, 855, and 856, WC Vol. XVII, p. 850.
71. Interview with Dr. John Lattimer, February 6, 1992.
72. Testimony of Dr. Charles Gregory, WC Vol. IV, pp. 121, 124.
73. Ibid., p. 125.
74. Ibid.
75. Interview with Dr. Michael Baden, February 1, 1992.
76. Testimony of Dr. Martin Fackler, American Bar Association, mock trial of Lee Harvey Oswald, August 10, 1992.
77. Testimony of Dr. Alfred Oliver, WC Vol. V, pp. 76–83; testimony of Dr. Martin Fackler, American Bar Association, mock trial of Lee Harvey Oswald, August 10, 1992.
78. Testimony of Larry Sturdivan, HSCA Vol. I, p. 393.
79. Interview with Dr. Michael Baden, February 1, 1992.
80. Testimony of Dr. Alfred Oliver, WC Vol. V, pp. 76–78; photos of holes in goat skin produced by bullets before passing through 13.5 to 14.5cm. of animal tissue (left) and upon leaving the tissue (right) CE 850, WC Vol. XVII, p. 846.
81. Testimony of Dr. Alfred Oliver, WC Vol. V, pp. 78–81; bullet that was first fired through goat, CE 853, WC Vol. XVII, p. 849.
82. Testimony of Dr. Martin Fackler, American Bar Association mock trial of Lee Harvey Oswald, August 10, 1992.
83. Testimony of Robert Frazier, WC Vol. III, p. 430.
84. Testimony of Dr. Robert Piziali, American Bar Association, mock trial of Lee Harvey Oswald, August 10, 1992.
85. Groden and Livingstone, High Treason, p. 72.
86. Testimony of Dr. Charles Gregory, WC Vol. IV, p. 120.
87. Ibid., p. 123.
88. Ibid., p. 125.
89. Testimony of Dr. Robert Piziali, American Bar Association, mock trial of Lee Harvey Oswald, August 10, 1992.
90. Testimony of Dr. Charles Gregory, WC Vol. IV, p. 122.
91. Dr. Cyril Wecht, Modern Medicine, October 28, 1974.
92. Testimony of Dr. Vincent Guinn, HSCA Vol. I, p. 492.
93. Ibid., pp. 494–95.
94. Ibid.
95. Ibid., p. 504.
96. A Report to the House of Representatives, Select Committee on Assassinations, on the subject of “1977 Activation Analysis Measurements on Bullet-Lead Specimens Involved in the 1963 Assassination of President John F. Kennedy,” by Dr. Vincent P. Guinn, September, 8, 1978, JFK-Exhibit F-331, pp. 533–34.
97. Testimony of Dr. Vincent Guinn, HSCA Vol. I, p. 504; “1977 Activation Analysis Measurements on Bullet-Lead Specimens Involved in the 1963 Assassination of President John F. Kennedy,” JFK-Exhibit F-331, p. 533.
98. Hurt, Reasonable Doubt, pp. 85–86.
99. Testimony of Dr. Vincent Guinn, HSCA Vol. I, p. 565.
100. Ibid., p. 555.
15 “I’M A CHARACTER! I’M COLORFUL”
1. Interview with William Alexander, March 12, 1992.
2. Ibid., March 6, 1992.
3. Testimony of Will Fritz, WC Vol. IV, p. 240; testimony of Richard Sims, WC Vol. VII, pp. 180, 182; interview with William Alexander, March 12, 1992.
4. Testimony of Richard Sims, WC Vol. VII, pp. 180–82.
5. Interview with William Alexander, March 6, 1992.
6. Testimony of Harry Holmes, WC Vol. VII, p. 269.
7. Testimony of Marina Oswald, HSCA Vol. II, p. 301; McMillan, Marina and Lee, pp. 547–48.
8. Interview with Michael Paine, April 11, 1992.
9. Testimony of Will Fritz, WC Vol. IV, p. 214.
10. Ibid., p. 210.
11. Testimony of James Hosty, WC Vol. IV, p. 468.
12. Testimony of Will Fritz, WC Vol. IV, p. 209.
13. Ibid., pp. 214, 218.
14. Ibid., pp. 223–24, 226, 228, 230.
15. Ibid., p. 225.
16. Interview with William Alexander, March 12, 1992.
17. Ibid., March 12 and 13, 1992.
18. Ibid., March 13, 1992.
19. Testimony of Cortlandt Cunningham, WC Vol. III, p. 485.
20. Lane, Rush to Judgment, p. 126.
21. Testimony of Cortlandt Cunningham, WC Vol. III, p. 495.
22. Ibid., p. 494.
23. Testimony of Carl Day, WC Vol. IV, p. 276; testimony of Lyndal Shaneyfelt, WC Vol. IV, p. 288; interview with Carl Day, January 19, 1992.
24. Testimony of W. E. Barnes, WC Vol. VII, pp. 281, 283.
25. Testimony of Henry Wade, WC Vol. V, p. 218.
26. Testimony of Jesse Curry, WC Vol. IV, p. 152.
27. Ibid.; testimony of James Hosty, WC Vol. IV, 462.
28. Testimony of Henry Wade, WC Vol. VII, p. 238.
29. WR, p. 208.
30. Testimony of Jesse Curry, WC Vol. XV, p. 131.
31. Ibid., p. 175.
32. Interview with William Alexander, March 12, 1992; testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 189.
33. FBI report of investigation conducted on November 24, 1963, of Dallas area police record concerning Jack Ruby and others (CD 45), CE 1234; FBI report, December 6, 1963, of interview with Edward J. Nerad, chief administrative officer, Family Court of Cook County, Chicago, III. (CD 86), CE 1254; Selective Service records pertaining to Jack Ruby’s military career (CD 221), CE 1274; FBI report, June 9, 1964, concerning records pertaining to Jack Ruby provided by Chicago Board of Education (CD 1090a), CE 1290; records pertaining to Jacob Rubenstein provided by Illinois Institute for Juvenile Research (CD 1291), CE 1297 p. 1, WC Vol. XXII; and CE 1654, WC Vol. XXIII.
34. Interview with Earl Ruby, November 17, 1992; statement of Marian Carroll and Ann Volpert, CE 1185, WC Vol. XXII, pp. 304–5.
35. Interview with Earl Ruby, November 17, 1992; testimony of Earl Ruby, WC Vol. XIV, p. 367; testimony of Hyman Rubenstein, WC Vol. XV, p. 18; statement of Mary Lawrence, CE 1256, WC Vol. XXII, p. 365.
36. Testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XIV, p. 439; FBI letter to Commission, dated February 18, 1964, transmitting records of Fannie Rubenstein in Elgin State Hospital, CE 1281, p. 11, WC Vol. XXII.
37. CE 1291, p. 2; CE 1297, p. 22, WC Vol. XXII.
38. Interview with Earl Ruby, November 17, 1992; testimony of Hyman Rubenstein, WC Vol. XV, p. 10; testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XIV, p. 439; CE 1290; CE 1297, pp. 17, 22, 26; WC Vol. XXII.
39. Testimony of Hyman Rubenstein, WC Vol. XV, p. 10; Sam Ruby Exhibit 1, p. 185; C. Ray Hall Exhibit 1; FBI report, November 27, 1963, of interview with Sam Gordon (CD 4), CE 1195; FBI report, November 27, 1963, of interview with Sollie Ziv (CD 4), CE 1197; FBI report, November 29, 1963, of interview with Harry M. Epstein (CD 4), CE 1200; FBI report, January 31, 1964, of interview with Martin Brauner (CD 441), CE 1282, WC Vol. XXII.
40. Interview with Earl Ruby, November 17, 1992.
41. CE 1291, p. 1, WC Vol. XXII.
42. CE 1291, pp. 1, 4, 5; CE 1297, pp. 2–3, 7; WC Vol. XXII.
43. CE 1291, WC Vol. XXII.
44. Ibid., pp. 4–5.
45. FBI report, December 9, 1963, of information on Jack Ruby and his family supplied by Michael F. Heneghan, chief probation officer, Family Court of Cook County, Chicago, Ill., CE 1255, p. 364; CE 1254, WC Vol. XXII.
46. FBI report, November 26, 1963, of interview of Ben Epstein (CD 4), CE 1193; FBI report, November 29, 1963, of interview of Ralph Kaplan (CD 4), CE 1194; CE 1195; CE 1197; FBI report, October 4, 1963, of interview of Phil Udell (CD 84), CE 1246; FBI report, June 5, 1964, of interview with Ira Colitz (CD 1061), CE 1289, p. 3; WC Vol. XXII.
47. Testimony of Hyman Rubenstein, WC Vol. XV, p. 28; FBI report, November 29, 1963, of interview with Erwin Horwitz (CD 4), CE 1191; CE 1194; FBI report, November 29, 1963, of interview with Harry Solavit (CD 4), CE 1198; WC Vol. XXII.
48. Interview with Earl Ruby, November 17, 1992.
49. Ibid.; testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XIV, pp. 443–45; testimony of Hyman Rubenstein, WC Vol. XV, p. 21.
50. Testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XIV, p. 44; C. Ray Hall Exhibits 1 and. 3, p. 13; FBI report, December 4, 1963, of interview of Bennie Barrish (CD 84), CE 1239, WC Vol. XXII.
51. WR, p. 786.
52. Testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XIV, p. 442; C. Ray Hall Exhibit 3, p. 13.
53. C. Ray Hall Exhibits 1 and 3, p. 13, WC Vol. XX.
54. CE 1281, pp. 3–8, 35, WC Vol. XXII; WR, p. 783.
55. CE 1281, pp. 28, 43.
56. CE 1200; FBI report, November 29, 1963, of interview with Mike Nemzin (CD 4), CE 1203; FBI report, November 29, 1963, of interview with Ben Kay (CD 4), CE 1207; FBI report, November 26, 1963, of interview with Art Petacque (CD 4), CE 1208; CE 1246; FBI report, December 2, 1963, of interview with Barney Ross (CD 86); CE 1261; FBI report, December 20, 1963, of interview with Arthur Douglas Cohen (CD 106), CE 1299; WC Vol. XXII.
57. Testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XIV, p. 445; FBI report, November 29, 1963, of interview with Abe CoHn (CD 4), CE 1190; FBI report, November 26, 1963, of interview with Theodore Shulman (CD 4), CE 1206, WC Vol. XXII; C. Ray Hall Exhibit 3, p. 15.
58. Interview with Earl Ruby, November 17, 1992.
59. Interview with Bill Roemer, January 23, 1992.
60. Letter to Commission, dated January 27, 1964, from Abraham L. Kamainstein, Register of Copyrights, concerning copyright claim filed by Jack Rubenstein, with attachments (CD 376), CE 1280, WC Vol. XXII; FBI report, April 2, 1964, of interview with Saul Molodofsky (CD 856), CE 1702, WC Vol. XXIII, p. 179.
61. CE 1274, WC Vol. XXII.
62. Testimony of Hyman Rubenstein, WC Vol. XV, p. 21; CE 1191; CE 1193; FBI report, November 29, 1963, of interview of Maury Cahn (CD 4), 1199; CE 1207; FBI report, November 29, 1963, of interview of Harry Jack Goldbaum (CD 4), CE 1217; CE 1239; FBI New York office report of investigation conducted on November 25, 1963, concerning Jack Ruby’s friendship with Barney Ross and Ruby’s trip to New York in August 1963 (CD 84), CE 1244; CE 1289, WC Vol. XXII.
63. Interview with Earl Ruby, November 17, 1992.
64. CE 1193; FBI report, November 27, 1963, of interview with Joe Kellman (CD 4), CE 1216; FBI report, December 3, 1963, of interview with Israel Horowitz (CD 86), CE 1258; CE 1299, WC Vol. XXII.
65. FBI report, June 22, 1964, of interview with Stephen Andrew Belancik (CD 1234b), CE 1294, WC Vol. XXII.
66. FBI report, June 24, 1964, of interview with Irving Zakarin (CD 1234d), CE 1295, WC Vol. XXII.
67. Military records of Jack Ruby (CD 83), CE 1707, p. 2, WC Vol. XXII.
68. Interview with Earl Ruby, November 17, 1992.
69. Testimony of Earl Ruby, WC Vol. XIV, pp. 370, 422–23.
70. FBI reports, August 10, 13, and 19, 1964, concerning the examination of phonograph records and papers pertaining to the Dallas crime investigation of 1946–48 (CD 1429), CE 2416, WC Vol. XXV, pp. 511–15.
71. Interview with William Alexander, March 14, 1992.
72. Interview with Bill Roemer, January 23, 1992.
73. WR, pp. 794–796.
74. C. Ray Hall Exhibit 3, p. 14.
75. WR, p. 795.
76. FBI report of interview with Herman Ross on November 25, 1963 (CD 4), CE 1516; FBI report, December 13, 1963, of interview with John N. Crawford (CD 104), CE 1619, WC Vol. XXIII.
77. Testimony of Hyman Rubenstein, WC Vol. XV, p. 26.
78. Interview with Earl Ruby, November 17, 1992; FBI report, November 27, 1963, of interview with Michael Shore (CD 4), CE 1507, WC Vol. XXII; FBI report, November 25, 1963, of interview with Leon Worth (CD 4), CE 1531; FBI report of interview conducted on December 9, 1963, with Joseph Leipsic (CD 86), CE 1552; FBI report, December 8, 1963, of interview with Norman Smith (CD 86), CE 1742, WC Vol. XXIII; Sam Ruby DE 1, p. 187; testimony of Edward J. Pullman, WC Vol. XV, p. 224.
79. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 202; testimony of Robert C. Patterson, WC Vol. XIV, pp. 129–30; Sam Ruby Exhibit 1, p. 187; C. Ray Hall Exhibit 3, p. 15; FBI report, November 27, 1963, of interview with Edwin Carrell (CD 4), CE 1503, WC Vol. XXII; FBI report, November 29, 1963, of interview with Lacy Brooks (CD 84), CE 1534; FBI report, December 5, 1963, of interview with Robert Gurley (CD 86), CE 1555; FBI report, December 19, 1963, of interview with L. W. Newberry (CD 105), CE 1638; FBI report, December 19, 1963, of interview with Mrs. Wiley Dismukes (CD 105), CE 1639; FBI report, December 19, 1963, of interview with Wiley Dismukes CE 1640; FBI report, December 6, 1963, of investigation into Ruby’s allegedly owning property near Lake Grapevine, Texas (CD 105), CE 1641; FBI report, December 19, 1963, of interview with T. A. Yates (CD 105), CE 1642; FBI report of investigation on December 21, 1963, into Ruby’s interest in transporting jeeps to Cuba (CD 360), CE 1688; FBI investigation into Ruby’s transporting jeeps to Cuba and interviews with Robert Ray McKeown, January 28, 1964, and A. J. Ayo, (CD 441), CE 1689; FBI report, April 1, 1964, of interview of Prentis I. Vaughn (CD 856), CE 1694, WC Vol. XXIII.
80. Interview with Earl Ruby, November 17, 1992.
81. Interview with Tony Zoppi, April 8, 1992.
82. “Ruby Unpredictable, Insecure Says Strip-Teaser in El Paso,” El Paso Herald Post, January 1, 1964.
83. Garry Willis and Ovid Demaris, “The Avenger: ‘You All Know Me! I’m Jack Ruby!,’” Esquire, May 1967, p. 84.
84. Interview with William. Alexander, March 6, 1992.
85. FBI report, November 25, 1963, of interview with Sgt. Jerry Hill (CD 4), CE 1502, WC Vol. XXII; FBI report, November 24, 1963, of interview with Benny H. Bickers (CD 4), CE 1517; FBI report, December 6, 1963, of interview with Philip Lance (CD 7), CE 1532; FBI report, December 6, 1963, of interview with Mrs. Philip Lance (CD 7), CE 1533; FBI report, December 5, 1963, of interview with Janet Adams Conforto (CD 86), CE 1561; FBI report, December 5, 1963, of interview with Winnie Fay Floyd (CD 106), CE 1651; FBI report, December 5, 1963, of interview with Vernon Roy Smith (CD 106), CE 1653; FBI report, December 5, 1963, of interview with Richard William Proeber (CD 223), CE 1657; FBI report, January 20, 1964, of interview with Mrs. Bobby Bradford (CD 360), CE 1681; WC Vol. XXIII.
86. Interview with Tony Zoppi, November 19, 1992.
87. Testimony of Harry Olsen, WC Vol. XIV, p. 626.
88. FBI report, January 3, 1964, of interview with Charles Edward Morgan (CD 360), CE 1548; FBI report, December 8, 1963, of interview with Jack Rowe (CD 86), CE 1568; FBI report, December 19, 1963, of interview with Dan Alvin Gunn (CD 105), CE 1633; FBI report, January 4, 1964, of interview with Willis D. Dickerson (CD 302), CE 1676, WC Vol. XXIII.
89. FBI report, November 26, 1963, of interview with Frank Ferraro (CD 4), CE 1514; FBI report, December 4, 1963, of interview with Robert Gurley (CD 86), CE 1554; FBI report, December 6, 1963, of interview with Joe Peterson (CD 86), CE 1564; FBI report, December 6, 1963, of interview with Breck Wall (CD 86), CE 1566; FBI report, January 16, 1964, of interview with John Wilson (CD 302), CE 1672; FBI report, January 6, 1964, of interview with Willis Dickerson (CD 302), CE 1676; FBI report, January 21, 1964, of interview with Gordon Sims (CD 360), CE 1683, WC Vol. XXIII.
90. CE 1683.
91. FBI report, December 3, 1963, of interview with Robert McEwan (CD 86), CE 1740, WC Vol. XXIII, pp. 348–49.
92. FBI report, December 5, 1963, of interview with Robert Lee Shorman (CD 86), CE 1250; FBI report, undated, of interview with Rick Morrison (CD 104), CE 1483; FBI report, December 8, 1963, of interview with Mrs. Fannie Birch (CD 86), CE 1496; FBI report, January 22, 1964, of interview with John Van Kampen (CD 360), CE 1497; FBI report, December 24, 1963, of interview with Barry Herbert James Deavenport (CD 223), CE 1498; FBI report, December 20, 1963, of interview with Mrs. Patricia Kohs (CD 105), CE 1499, WC Vol. XXII; CE 1548; FBI report, November 29, 1963, of interview with Mrs. Leonard Repsky (CD 4), CE 1671, WC Vol. XXIII; FBI report, November 26, 1963, of interview with Alexander Gruber (CD 4), CE 2243; FBI report, November 30, 1963, of interview with Billy Joe Willis (CD 4), CE 2414; WC Vol. XXV; memo, September 16, 1964, from CIA to Commission reporting that CIA files have no information on Ruby or his associates (CD 1493); letter, May 19, 1964, from Commission to CIA, requesting said information; memo, February 24, 1964, from Commission to CIA concerning Ruby, CE 2980, p. 4, WC Vol. XXVI.
93. CE 1496, 1497, 1499, WC Vol. XXII; CE 1671, WC Vol. XXIII; CE 2414, WC Vol. XXV.
94. CE 1499, WC Vol. XXII; CE 1671, WC Vol. XXIII; FBI report, December 3, 1963, of interview with Mrs. Joe Garcia (CD 86), CE 2495, WC Vol. XXV.
95. FBI report, December 12, 1963, of interview with William Earl O’Donnell (CD 104), CE 1624, p. 2, WC Vol. XXIII.
96. CE 2243.
97. CE 1499.
98. FBI report, December 3, 1963, of interview with John C. Jackson, CE 1478, WC Vol. XXII.
99. CE 1502; Crafard Exhibit 5226, p. 355, WC Vol. XIX.
100. CE 1499.
101. FBI report, November 28, 1963, of interview with Elaine Rogers (CD 4), CE 1459; FBI report, November 28, 1963, of interview with Marilyn Miranda Moone (CD 4), CE 1460, WC Vol. XXII.
102. CE 1496.
103. FBI report, November 29, 1963, of interview with Wayne Keller, CE 1486, wc vol. XXII.
104. “Ruby Unpredictable, Insecure Says Strip-Teaser in El Paso,” El Paso Herald Post, January 1, 1964.
105. FBI report, December 4, 1963, of interview with Wynn Warner (CD 86), CE 1484, WC Vol. XXII.
106. Testimony of Edward Pullman, WC Vol. XV, p. 228.
107. FBI report, December 6, 1963, of interview with Johnnie Hayden (CD 86), CE 1449, p. 170, WC Vol. XXII.
108. Testimony of William Serur, State of Texas v. Jack Rubenstein, CE 2411, p. 626, WC Vol. XXV.
109. Testimony of Larry Crafard, WC Vol. XII, p. 434; testimony of George Senator, WC Vol. XIV, pp. 213–14; testimony of Andrew Armstrong, WC Vol. XIII., p. 324; C. Ray Hall Exhibit 3, p. 17; CE 1502, WC Vol. XXII; FBI report, December 17, 1963, of interview with Theodore Louis Fleming (CD 105), CE 1632; FBI report, December 16, 1963, of interview with Mrs. Mary Pullman (CD 105), CE 1636; FBI report, December 23, 1963, of interview with Hugh Gene Smith (CD 106), CE 1646; FBI report, December 24, 1963, of interview with James Rhodes (CD 223), CE 1659; FBI report, December 21, 1963, of interview with Jean Flynn (CD 106), CE 1663; FBI report, November 29, 1963, of interview with Joe Howard Linthicum (CD 84), CE 1739; FBI report, December 10, 1963, of interview with Bryce Brady II (CD 86), CE 1741; FBI report, December 20, 1963, of interview with Joey Gerard (CD 223), CE 1744; FBI report, December 31, 1963, of interview with Leo Ukie Sherin (CD 302), CE 1747; FBI report, December 4, 1963, of interview with John Wayne Barnett (CD 84), CE 1749, WC Vol. XXIII.
110. Testimony of A. M. Eberhardt, WC Vol. XIII, p. 193; testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XIV, p. 485.
111. Interview with Tony Zoppi, November 19, 1992.
112. Interview with William Alexander, January 29, 1992.
113. WR, p. 801.
114. FBI report, November 25, 1963, of interview with Joe Campisi (CD 4), CE 1748; FBI report, December 3, 1963, of interview with Robert Donald Lawrence (CD 86), CE 1752; FBI report of June 10, 1964 of investigation of Isadore Max Miller (CD 1102d), CE 1754; FBI report, January 22, 1964, of interviews with Isadore Miller and Sam Hicks (CD 360), CE 1755, WC vol. XXIII.
115. Interview with William Alexander, March 6, 1992.
116. Interview with Earl Ruby, November 17, 1992.
117. FBI report, November 24, 1963, of information provided by George Snyder, records bureau, Dallas Police Department, relating to arrest record of Ruby (CD 4), CE 1528, WC Vol. XXIII.
118. FBI report, November 25, 1963, of interview with John McKee, president, Dallas Crime Commission (CD 4), CE 1233; FBI report, November 28, 1963, of interview with Lynn Burk (CD 4), CE 1510, WC Vol. XXII.
119. Interview with Tony Zoppi, November 19, 1992.
120. Interview with William Alexander, January 29, 1992.
121. Testimony of Norman Wright, WC Vol. XV, p. 248.
122. HSCA Rpt., p. 156, note 5; HSCA Vol. IX, pp. 22, 418–23; Alan Adelson, The Ruby-Oswald Affair (Seattle, Washington: Romar Books, 1988), p. 59.
123. Adelson, The Ruby-Oswald Affair, p. 59; interview with Tony Zoppi, No vember 19, 1992.
124. Testimony of Marjorie Richey, WC Vol. XV, pp. 199–200; testimony of Thomas Palmer, WC Vol. XV, p. 210–11; testimony of Nancy Powell, WC Vol. XV, pp. 411–12; CE 1561.
125. Testimony of Larry Crafard, WC Vol. XIV, pp. 67–68; testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XIV, p. 456; testimony of William D. Crowe, WC Vol. XV, pp. 99–100; testimony of Marjorie Richey, WC Vol. XV, pp. 200–01; FBI report, November 28, 1963, of interview with Salvatore Vincent Giambone (CD 4), CE 1508, WC Vol. XXII; FBI report, November 25, 1963, of interview with Wally Weston (CD 4), CE1530; FBI report, December 13, 1963, of interview with Walter Brown (CD 86), CE 1560; FBI report, November 26, 1963, of interview with John Joseph McNaughton (CD 86), CE 1563, WC Vol. XXIII.
126. IRS memo of March 13, 1962, relating to compromise offer to Ruby, CE 1727, pp. 324–30; IRS memo of November 26, 1963, attaching sensitive case reports on Ruby dated November 27 and December 6, 1963, CE 1728; IRS notice of levy against Ruby, dated November 26, 1963, for $44,413.86, sent to Sheriff Decker, Dallas, CE 1729; IRS notice of levy, same as CE 1729, sent to Chief Curry, Dallas, CE 1730; IRS notice of levy, same as 1729–30, but dated December 9, 1963, to Curry, CE 1731, WC Vol. XXIII.
127. FBI report, November 29, 1963, of interview with Irvin Charles Mazzei (CD 84), CE 1543, WC Vol. XXIII, p. 191.
128. FBI internal memorandum, Special Agent Ralph J. Miles, August, 11, 1953.
129. Interview with Earl Ruby, November 17, 1992.
130. HSCA Vol. IV, pp. 496–99.
131. Ibid., p. 497.
132. Interview with Earl Ruby, November 17, 1992.
133. HSCA Rpt., p. 155; interview with Earl Ruby, November 17, 1992.
134. HSCA Rpt., pp. 155–56.
135. FBI report of March 17, 1964, of examination of telephone records for the Carousel Club for September 26-November 22, 1963 (CD 722), CE 2303, WC Vol. XXV.
136. HSCA Rpt., on Organized Crime, pp. 822–23.
137. Interview with confidential FBI source, October 12, 1992.
16 “I AM JACK RUBY. YOU ALL KNOW ME”
1. FBI report, December 5, 1963, of interview with Max Rudberg (CD 86), CE 2265, WC Vol. XXV; Garry Wills and Ovid Demaris, “The Avenger: ‘You All Know Me! I’m Jack Ruby!,’” Esquire, May 1967, p. 158.
2. FBI report, December 20, 1963, of interview with Connie Trammel (CD 106), CE 2270, WC Vol. XXV.
3. FBI report, December 18, 1963, of investigation into records at Merchants State Bank (CD 223), CE 1669, WC Vol. XXIII.
4. FBI report, November 26, 1963, of telephone interview with assistant district attorney Bill Alexander (CD 4), CE 2245, WC Vol. XXV; interview with Bill Alexander, March 6, 1992.
5. Newman Exhibit 2, WC Vol. XX, p. 652.
6. FBI report, November 30, 1963, of interview with Graham Koch (CD 84), CE 2251, WC Vol. XXV.
7. FBI report, December 20, 1963, of interview with C. William Selah (CD 106), CE 2269; FBI report, December 16, 1963, of interview with Ralph Gismont (CD 104), CE 2288; FBI report, December 16, 1963, of interview with Kathleen C. Root (CD 104), CE 2319 WC Vol. XXV.
8. Crafard DE 5226, p. 150, WC Vol. XIX.
9. Testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XV, p. 323.
10. Testimony of Lawrence Meyers, WC Vol. XV, pp. 626, 628.
11. Ibid., pp. 625–27.
12. Ibid., p. 626.
13. FBI report, December 21, 1963, of interview with Robert G. Landers (CD 106), CE 2434; FBI report, December 21, 1963, of interview with Charles Miller (CD 106), CE 2435, WC Vol. XXV.
14. Testimony of Lawrence Meyers, WC Vol. XV, p. 628.
15. Ibid.; WR, p. 334.
16. Crafard Exhibit 5226, WC Vol. XIX.
17. Ibid.
18. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 183; testimony of John W. Newman, WC Vol. XV, p. 539; Hall (C. Ray) Exhibit 3, p. 4, WC Vol. XX.
19. Hall (C. Ray) Exhibit 3, p. 4, WC Vol. XX; FBI report, November 28, 1963, of interview with Gladys Craddock (CD 4), CE 1479, WC Vol. XII; FBI report, July 31, 1964, of interview with Gladys Craddock (CD 1400c), CE 2321, WC Vol. XXV.
20. Interview with Tony Zoppi, November 23, 1992; Hall (C. Ray) Exhibit 3, p. 4, WC Vol. XX.
21. Testimony of Don Campbell, State of Texas v. Jack Rubenstein, CE 2405, pp. 24–26; FBI report, December 4, 1963, of interview with Don J. Campbell (CD 86), CE 2436; WC Vol. XXV.
22. Testimony of John Newman, WC Vol. XV, pp. 538–39.
23. Ibid., p. 539.
24. Tear sheet from Dallas Morning News of November 22, 1963, entitled “Welcome Mr. Kennedy,” CE 1031, WC Vol. XXI.
25. Testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XV, pp. 323–24.
26. Testimony of John Newman, WC Vol. XV, pp. 544–45.
27. Interview with Earl Ruby, November 17, 1992.
28. Testimony of John Newman, WC Vol. XV, p. 540.
29. Ibid., pp. 541–42.
30. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 184.
31. Testimony of John Newman, WC Vol. XV, p. 541.
32. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 184.
33. Testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XV, p. 324.
34. Testimony of John Newman, WC Vol. XV, p. 542.
35. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 185.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.; testimony of John Newman, WC Vol. XV, p. 544.
38. Kantor, The Ruby Cover-Up, p. 89.
39. Ibid., pp. 89, 424.
40. WR, pp. 336–37.
41. HSCA Rpt., p. 158.
42. Testimony of Seth Kantor, WC Vol. XV, p. 81.
43. Testimony of John Newman, WC Vol. XV, p. 544.
44. Testimony of Richard Saunders, WC Vol. XV, pp. 578, 583.
45. WR, p. 337.
46. Ibid., pp. 336–37.
47. Testimony of Andrew Armstrong, WC Vol. XIII, p. 331.
48. FBI report dated March 17, 1964, of examination of telephone company records for Carousel Club from September 26-November 22, 1963 (CD 722), CE 2303, p. 27, WC Vol. XXV.
49. Interview with William Alexander, March 6, 1992.
50. Testimony of Seth Kantor, WC Vol. XV, p. 80.
51. Kantor, The Ruby Cover-Up, p. 424.
52. Interview with Tony Zoppi, November 23, 1992.
53. Testimony of Andrew Armstrong, WC Vol. XIII, p. 331.
54. Testimony of Eileen Kaminsky, WC Vol. XV, p. 283.
55. CE 1479.
56. FBI report, December 4, 1963, of interview with Wynn Warner (CD 86), CE 1484, p. 191, WC Vol. XII.
57. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 199.
58. Testimony of Ralph Paul, WC Vol. XIV, pp. 151–52.
59. Ibid., p. 151.
60. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 185; testimony of Alice Nichols, WC Vol. XIV, pp. 123–24.
61. FBI report, June 11, 1964, of interview with Alexander Philip Gruber (CD 1144), CE 2284, WC Vol. XXV, p. 208.
62. Testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XV, pp. 324–25.
63. Ibid., p. 325.
64. Testimony of Larry Crafard, WC Vol. XIII, pp. 455–57.
65. Testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XV, pp. 326–27.
66. Ibid., p. 328.
67. Ibid., WC Vol. XIV, p. 468.
68. Ibid., pp. 469, 484.
69. Ibid., WC Vol. XV, p. 331.
70. Ibid., p. 331.
71. Ibid., WC Vol. XIV, p. 468.
72. Testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XIV, p. 468, and WC Vol. XV, p. 332.
73. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 188.
74. Testimony of Augustus M. Eberhardt, WC Vol. XIII, p. 187; testimony of Victor Robertson, WC Vol. XV, pp. 351–52; testimony of Roy E. Standifer, WC Vol. XV; testimony of Ronald L. Jenkins, WC Vol. XV, pp. 601–2; FBI report, December 10, 1963, of interview with Ronald Jenkins (CD 85), CE 2254, pp. 424–25; Testimony of John Rutledge, State of Texas v. Jack Rubenstein, CE 2410, pp. 106–8, WC Vol. XXV.
75. Testimony of John Rutledge, State of Texas v. Jack Rubenstein, CE 2405, p. 105, WC Vol. XXV.
76. Ibid., pp. 106–7.
77. Ibid., p. 108.
78. Interview with Tony Zoppi, November 19, 1992.
79. Garry Wills and Ovid Demaris, “The Avenger: ‘You All Know Me! I’m Jack Ruby!,’” Esquire, May 1967, p. 85.
80. Testimony of Victor Robertson, WC Vol. XV, p. 351.
81. FBI report, June 12, 1964, of examination of Jack Ruby’s telephone records for November 22–24, 1963 (CD 1193), CE 2300; FBI report, March 17, 1964, of examination of Jack Ruby’s telephone records from September 26-November 22, 1963 (CD 722), CE 2302, p. 14, WC Vol. XXV.
82. Testimony of Hyman Rubenstein, WC Vol. XV, pp. 31–32.
83. Wills and Demaris, Esquire, p. 153.
84. Affidavit of George Senator, November 24, 1963.
85. Wills and Demaris, Esquire, p. 47.
86. Ibid.
87. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, pp. 187–88.
88. FBI report, November 25, 1963, of interview with Marguerite Vea Riegler (CD 4), CE 2247; FBI report, April 3, 1964, of interview with Rita Leslie Siberman (CD 856), CE 2278; FBI report, April 3, 1964, of interview with Robert Louis Sindelar (CD 856), CE 2279; FBI report, April 17, 1964, of interview with Dennis Patrick Martin (CD 856), CE 2280, WC Vol. XXV.
89. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 188.
90. Ibid.
91. Testimony of A. M. Eberhardt, WC Vol. XIII, p. 187.
92. Ibid., pp. 187–88.
93. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 188.
94. Ibid., p. 189.
95. Testimony of A. M. Eberhardt, WC Vol. XIII, p. 189.
96. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 189; testimony of Arthur Watherwax, WC Vol. XV, p. 568.
97. Testimony of Henry Wade, WC Vol. V, p. 224.
98. Testimony of David Johnston, WC Vol. XV, pp. 505–9.
99. Testimony of Icarus Pappas, WC Vol. XV, pp. 364–65.
100. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 189.
101. Testimony of Henry Wade, WC Vol. V, p. 224.
102. Testimony of Russell Lee Moore, WC Vol. XV, p. 255.
103. Ibid., pp. 255–56.
104. Testimony of William Glenn Duncan, WC Vol. XV, pp. 487–88; testimony of Russell Lee Moore, WC Vol. XV, p. 257.
105. Testimony of Russell Lee Moore, WC Vol. XV, p. 257.
106. Testimony of William Glenn Duncan, WC Vol. XV, pp. 487–88.
107. Testimony of Russell Lee Moore, WC Vol. XV, p. 259.
108. Testimony of Harry Olsen, WC Vol. XIV, p. 633.
109. Ibid., p. 632.
110. Testimony of Kay Helen (Coleman) Olsen, WC Vol. XIV, pp. 647, 649.
111. Ibid., p. 647.
112. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 191.
113. WR, p. 344.
114. Testimony of Arthur W. Watherwax, WC Vol. XV, pp. 566–68; FBI memo, August 24, 1964, transmitting reports dated August 7 and August 21, 1964, of interviews with Roy A. Pryor and Kenneth E. Griffith (CD 1442), CE 2297, WC Vol. XXV; testimony of Arnold Clyde Gadash, State of Texas v. Jack Rubenstein, CE 2816, WC Vol. XXVI, pp. 1508–9.
115. Testimony of Arthur Watherwax, WC Vol. XV, p. 568.
116. Testimony of Roy A. Pryor, WC Vol. XV, p. 559.
117. Ibid.
118. Ibid., p. 561.
119. Ibid., pp. 558–59; WR, p. 344.
120. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 203.
121. Testimony of George Senator, WC Vol. XIV, p. 218.
122. Ibid.
123. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 203.
124. Testimony of George Senator, WC Vol. XIV, p. 219.
125. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 203; testimony of George Senator, WC Vol. XIV, p. 220.
126. Testimony of George Senator, WC Vol. XIV, p. 221.
127. Ibid.
128. Testimony of Curtis LaVerne Crafard, WC Vol. XIII, pp. 466–68.
129. Ibid., pp. 468–69.
130. Ibid., p. 469.
131. “In Their Own Words,” Dallas Morning News, November 20, 1988, p. 25.
132. Testimony of Marjorie Richey, WC Vol. XV, p. 196.
133. FBI report of November 29, 1963, of interview with Thomas Raymond Brown (CD 4), CE 2341, WC Vol. XXV.
134. Bellocchio Exhibit 1, WC Vol. XIX.
135. Testimony of Frank Bellocchio, WC Vol. XV, p. 470.
136. Bellocchio Exhibit 1, WC Vol. XIX; testimony of Frank Bellocchio, WC Vol. XV, p. 470–72.
137. Testimony of D. V. Harkness, WC Vol. VI, p. 314.
138. Testimony of Garnett Hallmark, WC Vol. XV, pp. 489–90; Hallmark Exhibit 1, p. 1, WC Vol. XX.
139. Testimony of Ken Dowe, WC Vol. XV, p. 434.
140. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 189.
141. Testimony of Wesley Wise, State of Texas v. Jack Rubenstein, CE 2413, p. 500, WC Vol. XXV.
142. FBI report, November 28, 1963, of interview with James M. Chaney, CE 2324, WC Vol. XXV.
143. Hall (C. Ray) Exhibit 3, p. 9, WC Vol. XX.
144. WR, p. 347.
145. Testimony of Frederic Rheinstein, WC Vol. XV, pp. 355–56.
146. Ibid., p. 357.
147. Ibid., pp. 355–56.
148. FBI report of information received February 17, 1964, concerning interview of Phillipe Labro in Paris (CD 856), CE 2276, WC Vol. XXV.
149. FBI report, December 3, 1963, of interview with Frank Bernard Johnston (CD 85), CE 2326, p. 428, WC Vol. XXV.
150. Testimony of Thayer Waldo, WC Vol. XV, pp. 588–89.
151. Testimony of Stanley Kaufman, WC Vol. XV, pp. 519–20.
152. Testimony of Thayer Waldo, WC Vol. XV, p. 588.
153. Testimony of Andrew Armstrong, WC Vol. XIII, p. 340.
154. Ibid., pp. 340–41.
155. Testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XIV, p. 469.
156. See, e.g., FBI report, November 25, 1963, of interview with Thomas J. O’Grady, CE 2325; testimony of D. V. Harkness, State of Texas v. Jack Rubenstein, CE 2407, WC Vol. XXV.
157. Testimony of Russell Lee Moore, WC Vol. XV, p. 262.
158. Testimony of Karen Bennett Carlin, WC Vol. XIII, pp. 209–210.
159. Ibid., p. 211.
160. Testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XV, p. 342.
161. Testimony of Lawrence Meyers, WC Vol. XV, pp. 632–34.
162. Ibid.
163. Testimony of Ralph Paul, WC Vol. XV, p. 672.
164. Testimony of Wanda Helmick, WC Vol. XV, p. 399.
165. Testimony of Ralph Paul, WC Vol. XV, pp. 672, 675.
166. Testimony of Breck Wall, WC Vol. XIV, p. 605.
167. FBI report, July 23, 1964, of interview with Laura Bryum and report, July 29, 1964, of interview of Virginia Thompson Humphries (CD 1366), CE 2337, WC Vol. XXV.
168. Testimony of Robert Norton, WC Vol. XV, p. 552.
169. Ibid., p. 551.
170. Testimony of George Senator, WC Vol. XIV, p. 236.
171. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 198, and WC Vol. XIV, p. 529; testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XV, p. 343.
172. Testimony of Elnora Pitts, WC Vol. XIII, p. 231.
173. Testimony of George Senator, WC Vol. XIV, p. 236.
174. Ibid.
175. Testimony of Karen Bennett Carlin, WC Vol. XIII, pp. 211–12.
176. Testimony of George Senator, WC Vol. XIV, p. 239; “In Their Own Words,” Dallas Morning News, November 20, 1988, p. 30.
177. “In Their Own Words,” Dallas Morning News, November 20, 1988, p. 31.
178. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 199.
179. Testimony of Jesse Curry, WC Vol. IV, p. 187; see also WC Vol. IV, p. 242; WC Vol. VII, pp. 257, 357; WC Vol XII, pp. 2, 7, 9, 35, 97, 109, 162, 319.
180. Testimony of Buford Beaty, WC Vol. XII, 166; R. Pierce, WC Vol. XII, pp. 338–40; D. F. Steele, WC Vol. XII, p. 354; Gano Worley, WC Vol. XII, pp. 384–86; Patrick Dean, WC Vol. XII, pp. 421–26; Fred Bieberdorf, WC Vol. XIII, pp. 85–86; Harold Fuqua, WC Vol. XIII, p. 143; Edward Kelly, WC Vol. XIII, pp. 146–47; Louis McKinzie, WC Vol. XIII, pp. 149–56; A. Riggs, WC Vol. XIII, pp. 166–75; John Servance, WC Vol. XIII, pp. 175–81; E. Pierce, WC Vol. XIII, pp. 156–66; FBI report, December 11, 1963, of interview with Carl Linsey Thompson (CD 85), CE 2010; FBI report, December 4, 1963, of interview with Donald T. Suits (CD 85), CE 2032; FBI report, December 27, 1963, of interview with Gene Miller (CD 223), CE 2066, WC Vol. XXIV.
181. Testimony of Charles Batchelor, WC Vol. XII, pp. 9, 14.
182. Testimony of Jesse Curry, WC Vol. XII, p. 40; see also WC Vol. XII, pp. 4, 5, 7, 48, 53–54; WC Vol. XIII, pp. 60, 62.
183. Testimony of Charles Batchelor, WC Vol. XII, p. 7.
184. Testimony of Jesse Curry, WC Vol. XII, pp. 35–36.
185. Testimony of Charles Batchelor, WC Vol. XII, p. 15.
186. Testimony of Harry Holmes, WC Vol. VII, pp. 296–97.
187. Testimony of Will Fritz, WC Vol. XV, pp. 148–49.
188. Interview of Harry Holmes by postal inspector David McDermott, June 29, 1989, p. 3 (unpublished transcript).
189. Testimony of Forrest Sorrels, WC Vol. XIII, p. 63; interview of Harry Holmes by postal inspector David McDermott, June 29, 1989, p. 2.
190. Testimony of Doyle Lane, WC Vol. XIII, p. 226.
191. Ibid., p. 222.
192. Testimony of W. W. Semingsen, WC Vol. X, p. 406.
193. Testimony of Forrest Sorrels, WC Vol. VII, p. 357.
194. Testimony of Eugene Roy Vaughn, WC Vol. XII, p. 361.
195. Testimony of James Leavelle, WC Vol. XIII, p. 17.
196. Testimony of Willie Slack, WC Vol. XII, pp. 349, 391–92; WC Vol. XIII, pp. 92, 98, 101.
197. Testimony of Jimmy Turner, WC Vol. XIII, p. 136.
198. Ibid., pp. 136–37.
199. Transcript of interview with Jack Ruby, 1967, copyright Alskog, Inc.
200. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 200; testimony of Don Ray Archer, WC Vol. XII, p. 399.
201. Ibid.
202. “In Their Own Words,” Dallas Morning News, November 20, 1988, p. 32.
203. Interview with Dr. John Lattimer, February 6, 1992.
204. Testimony of Henry Wade, WC Vol. V, p. 245; testimony of Louis Miller, WC Vol. XIII, p. 308.
205. Testimony of Barnard Clardy, WC Vol. XII, p. 412.
206. Ibid.
207. Testimony of Forrest Sorrels, WC Vol. XIII, p. 68.
208. Ibid., pp. 68, 71.
209. Interview with William Alexander, March 12, 1992.
210. Gary Wills and Ovid Demaris, Jack Ruby: The Man Who Killed the Man Who Killed Kennedy (New York: New American Library, 1967), pp. 72–73.
211. Interview with Tony Zoppi, November 17, 1992.
212. Statement of Rabbi Hillel Silverman, March 30, 1992, Geraldo.
213. Interview with Rabbi Hillel Silverman, January 15, 1993.
214. Ibid.
215. Wills and Demaris, Jack Ruby, pp. 72–73.
216. Interview with Earl Ruby, November 19, 1992.
217. Ibid.
218. Interview with William Alexander, March 6, 1992.
219. Testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XIV, p. 471.
220. Ibid.
221. Wills and Demaris, Jack Ruby, p. 255.
222. Adelson, The Ruby-Oswald Affair, p. 133; Kantor, The Ruby Cover-Up, pp. 316–19.
223. Testimony of Eva Grant, WC Vol. XIV, pp. 484–85.
224. Ibid., p. 471.
225. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, pp. 204, 212.
226. Ibid., p. 211.
227. Ibid., pp. 210–12.
228. Ibid., pp. 194, 196, 198, 209, 210.
229. See, e.g., Henry Hurt, Reasonable Doubt, p. 189.
230. Testimony of Jack Ruby, WC Vol. V, p. 210.
231. Ibid., Ruby, p. 192; Adelson, The Ruby-Oswald Affair, p. 72.
232. Statement of Rabbi Hillel Silverman, March 30, 1992, Geraldo.
233. WR, pp. 809–16.
234. Adelson, op. cit., p. 36.
235. Ibid., pp. 38–39.
17 “A RELIGIOUS EVENT”
1. Calvin Trillin, “The Buffs,” The New Yorker, June 10, 1967, p. 42.
2. Texas Supplemental Report on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy and the Serious Wounding of Governor John B. Connally, Austin, Texas, 1964, pp. 1–2, 8, 20.
3. WR, p. x.
4. William Manchester, Death of a President, (London: Michael Joseph, 1967), p. 717.
5. WR, p. xi.
6. Ibid., p. xii.
7. Edward J. Epstein, Inquest (New York: Bantam, 1966), p. 58.
8. Commission meeting of January 21, 1964.
9. Interview with James Lesar, December 1, 1992.
10. Warren Commission executive session of January 22, 1964.
11. Interview with Burt Griffin, January 23, 1992.
12. “The Warren Report,” CBS News, Part IV, June 28, 1967.
13. Dennis L. Breo, “JFK’s Death: The Plain Truth from the MDs Who Did the Autopsy,” Journal of the American Medical Association, May 27, 1992, Vol. 267, No. 20, p. 2800.
14. See, e.g., CE 385, WC Vol. XVI.
15. Epstein, Inquest, p. 122.
16. Ibid., p. 122.
17. Ibid., p. 89.
18. WR, p. 21.
19. Interview with Burt Griffin, January 23, 1992.
20. Calvin Trillin, op. cit. p. 45.
21. Robert Blakey, Fatal Hour (New York: Berkeley Books, 1992), p. 44.
22. Thomas C. Buchanan, Who Killed Kennedy? (New York: Putnam, 1964; London: Seeker & Warburg, 1964).
23. Testimony of Alan Belmont, WC Vol. V, p. 30.
24. Joachim Joesten, Assassin or Fall-guy? (New York: Marzani and Munsell, 1964).
25. Harold Weisberg, Whitewash: The Report on the Warren Report (Frederick, Maryland: Harold Weisberg, 1965).
26. Robert Blakey, Fatal Hour, p. 44.
27. Mark Lane, Rush to Judgment (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1966).
28. “The Warren Report,” CBS News, Part IV, June 28, 1967; John Connally press conference, November 1966.
29. Blakey, Fatal Hour, p. 44.
30. “The Warren Report,” CBS News, Part IV, June 28, 1967.
31. Richard Popkin, The Second Oswald (New York: Avon Books, 1966).
32. Raymond Marcus, The Bastard Bullet: A Search for Legitimacy for Commission Exhibit 399 (Los Angeles: Rendell Publishers, 1966).
33. Leo Sauvage, The Oswald Affair: An Examination of the Contradictions and Omissions of the Warren Report (Cleveland: World Publishing Co., 1966).
34. Penn Jones, Jr., Forgive My Grief (Midlothian, Texas: The Midlothian Mirror, 1966).
35. Epstein, Inquest.
36. “The Warren Commission Report on the Assassination Is Struck by a Wave of Doubts,” Look, July 1966; “A Matter of Reasonable Doubt,” Life, November 1966; “The Crossfire That Killed President Kennedy,” Saturday Evening Post, December 2, 1967.
37. Calvin Trillin, op. cit.
38. Ibid., p. 45.
39. Gerald Ford and John Stiles, Portrait of the Assassin (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965).
40. Sylvia Meagher, Accessories After the Fact: The Warren Commission, the Authorities, and the Report (New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1967).
41. Ibid., pp. xxi, xxvi; Sparrow, After the Assassination, p. 72.
42. Interview with James Lesar, December 1, 1992.
43. Statement of Thomas Kupferman, 89th Congress, 2nd Session, September 28, 1966, Congressional Record, Vol. 118, pp. 24157–59.
18 “BLACK IS WHITE, AND WHITE IS BLACK”
1. Associated Press wire-service story, “Garrison Record Shows Disability,” December 29, 1967; Warren Rogers, “The Persecution of Clay Shaw,” Look, August 26, 1969, p. 54.
2. Jim Garrison, On the Trail of the Assassins (New York: Warner Books, 1991), p. 9.
3. Milton E. Brener, The Garrison Case: A Study in the Abuse of Power (New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., 1969), pp. 2, 10.
4. Interview with Hubie Badeaux, November 30, 1992.
5. Brener, op. cit., p. 15.
6. Interview with Milton Brener, December 11, 1992.
7. Brener, op. cit., p. 16.
8. Ibid., p. 21.
9. Ibid.
10. Interview with Milton Brener, December 11, 1992.
11. Kirkwood, American Grotesque: An Account of the Clay Shaw-Jim Gar rison Affair in New Orleans (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1970), p. 178.
12. Interview with Milton Brener, December 11, 1992.
13. Brener, op. cit., p. 33
14. Hugh Aynesworth, “The Garrison Goosechase,” Dallas Times Herald, December 21, 1982.
15. Warren Rogers, “The Persecution of Clay Shaw,” Look, August 26, 1969, p. 56; Aynesworth, “The Garrison Goosechase.”
16. Aynesworth, “The Garrison Goosechase.”
17. Walter Sheridan, The Fall and Rise of Jimmy Hoffa (New York: Saturday Review Press, 1972), p. 417.
18. “The Mob,” Part II, Life, September 8, 1967, p. 96; Sheridan, op. cit., p. 417.
19. Interview with Milton Brener, December 11, 1992.
20. David Chandler, “The ‘Little Big Man’ Is Bigger Than Ever,” Life, April 10, 1970, p. 33.
21. Aynesworth, “The Garrison Goosechase.”
22. Brener, op. cit., p. 45.
23. FBI internal memorandum report, to SAC New Orleans, re: David Ferrie, 1964.
24. Interview with Hubie Badeaux, March 24, 1992.
25. U.S. Secret Service report, New Orleans, December 13, 1963, file CO-2-34,030, p. 5. (HSCA JFK Document 003840).
26. James Phelan, Scandals, Scamps and Scoundrels: The Casebook of an Investigative Reporter (New York: Random House, 1982), p. 147.
27. Interview with Alvin Beauboeuf, March 15, 1992.
28. Phelan, op. cit., p. 148.
29. Letter from Eva Grant to Edward Wegmann, Esq., March 16, 1968.
30. Phelan, op. cit., p. 148.
31. Testimony of Frederick O’Sullivan, WC Vol. VIII, p. 30.
32. Ibid., pp. 326, 328.
33. Ibid., p. 331.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid., pp. 332, 334.
36. Ibid., p. 335.
37. Ibid., p. 333.
38. Interview with Milton Brener, January 22, 1993.
39. “The JFK Conspiracy: The Case of Jim Garrison,” NBC News, Part 2, June 19, 1967.
40. Aynesworth, “The Garrison Goosechase.”
41. Epstein, Counterplot (New York: Viking Press, 1988), p. 51.
42. Blakey, Fatal Hour, p. 51.
43. Richard N. Billings, “Garrison and the JFK Plot,” Long Island Press, May 15, 1968.
44. Epstein, Counterplot, p. 76.
45. Anson, “They’ve Killed the President!,” p. 111.
46. Gurvich conference with Edward Wegmann, August 29, 1967, Tape 2, unpublished transcript, p. 10.
47. Blakey, Final Hour, p. 49.
48. Statement of David Lewis, district attorney’s files, month undated, 1966.
49. Interview with Al Beauboeuf, March 15, 1992.
50. “The JFK Conspiracy: The Case of Jim Garrison,” NBC News, Part 2, June 19, 1967.
51. Hugh Aynesworth, “The JFK ‘Conspiracy,’” Newsweek, May 15, 1967, p.38.
52. Interview with Alvin Beauboeuf, March 15, 1992; “The JFK Conspiracy: The Case of Jim Garrison,” NBC News, Part 2, June 19, 1967.
53. Interview with Gordon Novel by Salvatore Panzeca and Robert Wilson, April 16 and April 17, 1967.
54. Ibid.
55. Autopsy Protocol, Nicholas J. Chetta, Coroner, Orleans Parish Coroner’s Office, No. W67–2-255.
56. Interview with Carlos Bringuier, March 16, 1992.
57. Interview with Al Beauboeuf, March 15, 1992.
58. Aynesworth, “The Garrison Goosechase.”
59. Interview with Carlos Bringuier, March 16, 1992.
60. Epstein, Counterplot, p. 50.
61. Aynesworth, “The Garrison Goosechase.”
62. Phelan, op. cit., p. 155.
63. Ibid., p. 151.
64. Transcript of preliminary hearing, pp. 182–83, 206.
65. Andrew Sciambra memorandum to Jim Garrison.
66. Phelan, op. cit., p. 153.
67. Ibid., p. 153.
68. Ibid., p. 156.
69. “The JFK Conspiracy: The Case of Jim Garrison,” NBC News, Part 2, June 19, 1967.
70. “The JFK Conspiracy: The Case of Jim Garrison,” NBC News, Part 2, June 19, 1967.
71. “The Warren Report,” CBS News Part II, June 27, 1967 p. 16.
72. New Orleans Times-Picayune, June 20, 1967.
73. Interview with Milton Brener, December 11, 1992.
74. UPI, November 1, 1967; Playboy interview, pp. 174–75; Tonight Show, January 31, 1968.
75. Playboy, pp. 159–60, 176.
76. UPI wire-service story, “Garrison Claims Robert Kennedy Is Obstructing His Investigation.”
77. Kirkwood, American Grotesque, pp. 177–78.
78. Rogers, “The Persecution of Clay Shaw,” Look, p. 56.
79. Aynesworth, “The Garrison Goosechase.”
80. Times-Picayune, July 12, 1968.
81. Interview with Milton Brener, December 11, 1992.
82. Phelan, op. cit., p. 169.
83. Aynesworth, “The Garrison Goosechase.”
84. Ibid.
85. Epstein, Counterplot, pp. 84–85.
86. Jim Garrison, On the Trail of the Assassins, pp. 212–16.
87. Interview with Carlos Bringuier, March 16, 1992.
88. Interview with Milton Brener, December 11, 1992.
89. Tonight Show, NBC, January 31, 1968.
90. Aynesworth, “The Garrison Goosechase.”
91. “The JFK Conspiracy: The Case of Jim Garrison,” NBC News, Part 2, June 19, 1967.
92. Epstein, Counterplot, pp. 39–40.
93. New York World Journal Tribune, March 5, 1967; Epstein, Counterplot, p. 78.
94. Epstein, Counterplot, p. 78.
95. Playboy, p. 170.
96. “The Warren Report,” CBS News, Part II, June 27, 1967, p. 12.
97. The New York Times, December 11, 1967.
98. Epstein, Counterplot, p. 81.
99. Playboy, p. 165.
100. Ibid., pp. 167–68.
101. Epstein, Counterplot, p. 78.
102. Interview with Milton Brener, December 11, 1992.
103. Phelan, op. cit., p. 149.
104. Aynesworth, “The JFK Conspiracy,” Newsweek, May 15, 1967, p. 40.
105. Rogers, “The Persecution of Clay Shaw,” Look, p. 56.
106. Edward Wegmann memorandum, June 4, 1968, p. 5.
107. Interview with Layton Martens, March 19, 1992.
108. Phelan, op. cit., p. 172.
109. Ibid., pp. 172, 174.
110. Transcript of April 16, 1971, interview of Perry Russo by William Gurvich, Edward Wegmann, and Irvin Dymond, p. 3.
111. Ibid.
112. Phelan, op. cit., p. 174.
113. Interview with Cynthia Wegmann, March 17, 1992.
114. Interview with Irvin Dymond, March 20, 1992.
115. Interview with Milton Brener, December 11, 1992.
19 “WHAT HAPPENED TO THE TRUTH?”
1. Anthony Summers, in a special forward to the 1992 paperback release of Conspiracy by Paragon Press, New York.
2. Pern Jones, Forgive My Grief III (Midlothian, Texas: Penn Jones, 1969).
3. Harold Weisberg, Whitewash IV: JFK Assassination Transcript (Frederick, Maryland: Harold Weisberg, 1974).
4. Jim Garrison, A Heritage of Stone (New York: Putnam, 1970).
5. James Kirkwood, American Grotesque: An Account of the Clay ShawJim Garrison Affair in the City of New Orleans (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1970).
6. Edward Epstein, Counterplot (New York: Viking Press, 1969).
7. Interview with James Lesar, December 1, 1992.
8. Ibid.
9. Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders, Interim Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations, with Respect to Intelligence Activities, U.S. Senate (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1975).
10. See Introduction by Thomas Downing in Peter Model, with Robert J. Groden, JFK: The Case for Conspiracy (New York: Manor Books, 1976).
11. Blakey, Fatal Hour, pp. 71–72.
12. HSCA Rpt., p. 47.
13. Interview with Robert Blakey, January 22, 1992.
14. HSCA Rpt., p. 147.
15. Seth Kantor, Who Was Jack Ruby? (New York: Everest House, 1978).
16. Carl Oglesby and Jeff Goldberg, “Did the Mob Kill Kennedy?” The Washington Post, February 25, 1979. pp. BI, B4.
17. G. Robert Blakey and Richard N. Billings, The Plot to Kill the President (New York: Times Books, 1981).
18. John Davis, Mafia Kingfish: Carlos Marcelio and the Assassination of John F. Kennedy (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988).
19. David Scheim, Contract on America: The Mafia Murders of John and Robert Kennedy (New York: Shapolsky Books, 1988).
20. HSCA Rpt., p. 176.
21. House Select Committee interview with Walter Sheridan, July 10, 1978 (JFK Document 009777); HSCA Rpt., p. 178.
22. HSCA Rpt., pp. 178–79.
23. HSCA JFK Ex. F-602. HSCA Vol. V, p. 31.
24. HSCA Rpt., pp. 174–75.
25. Testimony of José Aleman, HSCA Vol. V, pp. 301–14.
26. HSCA Rpt., p. 175.
27. HSCA Rpt., p. 169.
28. Davis, Mafia Kingfish, p. 122.
29. HSCA Rpt., p. 172; HSCA Report on Organized Crime, pp. 390–98.
30. Interview with Hubie Badeaux, March 24, 1992.
31. Transcript of the State of Louisiana v. Carlos Marcello, Charles Roemer, et al.
32. Davis, op. cit., pp. 530–31.
33. Ibid., p. 531.
34. Frontline, November 1992, one-hour documentary on Frank Ragano.
35. Jack Newfield, “Hoffa Had the Mob Murder JFK,” New York Post, January 14, 1992, pp. 4–5.
36. Ibid., p. 5.
37. Memorandum to Director, FBI, from SAC, Tampa, April 11, 1967, p. 5.
38. Interview with Bill Roemer, January 23, 1992.
39. Ibid.
40. David Perry, “Rashomon to the Extreme,” October 19, 1992, five pages (unpublished).
41. Interview with David Perry, August 23, 1992.
42. Interview with Bill Alexander, March 14, 1992.
43. Hugh C. McDonald, Appointment in Dallas: The Final Solution to the Assassination of JFK (New York: The Hugh McDonald Publishing Corp., 1975), p. 6.
44. Interview with Edwin Lopez, February 6, 1992.
45. Interview with David Perry, September 8, 1992.
46. Interview with David Perry, March 2, 1992.
47. Interview with Professor David Wrone, January 17, 1992.
48. Interview with Bill Alexander, March 16, 1992.
49. “The Warren Report,” CBS News, Part IV, June 28, 1967, pp. 16–17.
50. Letter to the Editor of The New York Times, by William Manchester, February 5, 1992.
51. Interview with Robert Blakey, January 22, 1992.
Appendix B
1. HSCA Vol. IV, p. 463; David Wallechinsky and Irving Wallace. The People’s Almanac (New York: Doubleday and Co., 1975).
2. HSCA Vol. IV, pp. 464–65.
3. Penn Jones, Jr., “Mystery Deaths,” The Rebel, November 22, 1983.
4. Sylvia Meagher, Accessories After the Fact: The Warren Commission, the Authorities, and the Report (New York: Vintage Books, 1992, p. 301).
5. Jim Marrs, Crossfire: The Plot to Kill Kennedy (New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1989).
6. Review of newspaper files for Dallas Morning News, New Orleans Times-Picayune, and The New York Times.
7. Marrs, Crossfire, p. 566.
8. Ibid., p. 559.
9. Affidavit of David Goldstein, WC Vol. VII, p. 594.
10. Marrs, op. cit., p. 560.
11. Testimony of Captain Frank Martin, WC Vol. XII, p. 284.
12. Marrs, op. cit., p. 560.
13. Ibid., p. 561.
14. Affidavit of Harold Russell, WC Vol. VII, p. 594.
15. Marrs, op. cit., p. 561.
16. Ibid., p. 562.
17. Ibid.
18. The Washington Post, May 3, 1972, p. Al.
19. The Washington Post, April 15, 1975, p. C6.
20. The Washington Post, December 19, 1975, p. B18.
21. The Washington Post, September 10, 1977, p. D6.
22. The Washington Post, June 10, 1977, p. C8.
23. The Washington Post, August 2, 1977, p. C4.
24. Houston Post, January 18, 1981, p. A13.
25. Marrs, op. cit., p. 566.
26. The Washington Post, March 30, 1984, p. B16.
27. Interviews with James Leavelle, March 11, 1992, and David Perry, March 2, 1992.
28. Marrs, op. cit., p. 559.
29. Interview with David Perry, March 2, 1992, referring to conversation with Hugh Aynesworth.
30. Testimony of James Worrell, WC Vol. II, pp. 193, 200.
31. Marrs, op. cit., p. 560.
32. Ibid., p. 562.
33. Ibid.
34. Interview with David Perry, December 13, 1992.
35. The Washington Post, January 9, 1977, p. B6.
36. The Washington Post, August 13, 1977, p. E4; and November 19, 1977, p. C8.
37. The Washington Post, August 20, 1977, p. E6.