Silver-spotted skipper (Epargyreus clarus)
These butterflies were chosen because they are common and widespread across North America or a significant portion thereof. Native host plants immediately follow the butterfly name. Introduced (nonnative) host plants are listed separately. Generally only the plant genus is listed. This is usually because there are several species in that genus that the caterpillars will eat, but sometimes it is because the available information is only for genus and not species. Host plant lists are based on The Butterflies of North America: A Natural History and Field Guide by James A. Scott (Stanford University Press, 1986), supplemented by The Butterflies of Cascadia by Robert Michael Pyle (Seattle Audubon Society, 2002), and Butterflies and Moths of North America (www.butterfliesandmoths.org).
Butterfly taxonomy follows “A Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada” by J. P. Pelham in Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, volume 40, 2008.
Native. FABACEAE: locust (Robinia), acacia (Acacia), false indigo (Amorpha fruticosa), American hogpeanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata), groundnut (Apios americana), milkvetch (Astragalus), ticktrefoil (Desmodium), honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), American licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh), marsh pea (Lathyrus palustris), roundhead bush clover (Lespedeza capitata), trefoil (Lotus), bean (Phaseolus), American wisteria (Wisteria frutescens)
Introduced. FABACEAE: Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata), wisteria (Wisteria)
Silver-spotted skipper (Epargyreus clarus)
Native. FABACEAE: pigeonwings (Clitoria), bauhinia (Bauhinia), American hogpeanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata), ticktrefoil (Desmodium), bean (Phaseolus), American wisteria (Wisteria frutescens)
Introduced. FABACEAE: pigeonwings (Clitoria), bauhinia (Bauhinia), garden pea (Pisum sativum), blackeyed pea (Vigna unguiculata)
Native. FABACEAE: groundnut (Apios americana), milkvetch (Astragalus), spurred butterfly pea (Centrosema virginianum), ticktrefoil (Desmodium), bush clover (Lespedeza), twining snoutbean (Rhynchosia tomentosa), amberique-bean (Strophostyles helvola), Florida hoarypea (Tephrosia florida)
Introduced. FABACEAE: red clover (Trifolium pratense)
Native. FABACEAE: California false indigo (Amorpha californica), smallflowered milkvetch (Astragalus nuttallianus), ticktrefoil (Desmodium), wild pea (Lathyrus), bush clover (Lespedeza), trefoil (Lotus), Texas snoutbean (Rhynchosia senna), American vetch (Vicia americana)
Introduced. FABACEAE: clover (Trifolium), alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
Native. FAGACEAE: oak (Quercus)
Propertius duskywing (Erynnis propertius)
Native. FAGACEAE: oak (Quercus)
Native. FABACEAE: wild indigo (Baptisia), arrowhead rattlebox (Crotalaria sagittalis), wild lupine (Lupinus perennis), Aaron’s rod (Thermopsis villosa), Canadian milkvetch (Astragalus canadensis)
Introduced. FABACEAE: crownvetch (Securigera varia)
Native. FABACEAE: flexile milkvetch (Astragalus flexuosus), American bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus unifoliolatus), golden-banner (Thermopsis), foothill clover (Trifolium ciliolatum), lupine (Lupinus). SALICACEAE: prairie willow (Salix humilis), cottonwood (Populus)
Native. MALVACEAE: anoda (Anoda), tall poppymallow (Callirhoe leiocarpa), hibiscus (Hibiscus), desert five-spot (Eremalche rotundifolia), Carolina bristlemallow (Modiola caroliniana), checkermallow (Sidalcea), fanpetals (Sida), globemallow (Sphaeralcea), wild hollyhock (Iliamna)
Introduced. MALVACEAE: velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), threelobe false mallow (Malvastrum coromandelianum), mallow (Malva)
Common checkered skipper (Pyrgus communis)
Native. POACEAE: Bent grass (Agrostis), teal love grass (Eragrostis hypnoides), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis)
Introduced. POACEAE: Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), bent grass (Agrostis)
Fiery skipper (Hylephila phyleus)
Native. POACEAE: slender hair grass (Deschampsia elongata), needle grass (Stipa), bluegrass (Poa)
Introduced. POACEAE: red brome (Bromus rubens)
Native. POACEAE: red fescue (Festuca rubra), bluegrass (Poa), muhly (Muhlenbergia), Thurber’s needle grass (Achnatherum thurberianum), silver bluestem (Bothriochloa saccharoides), brome (Bromus), blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis)
Introduced. POACEAE: ryegrass (Lolium), brome (Bromus)
Native. POACEAE: rice cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis)
Native. POACEAE: panic grass (Panicum), slender crabgrass (Digitaria filiformis), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis)
Native. POACEAE: purpletop tridens (Tridens flavus), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium)
Native. POACEAE: red fescue (Festuca rubra), St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), hairy crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis)
Sachem skipper (Atalopedes campestris)
Introduced. POACEAE: Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), Indian goosegrass (Eleusine indica)
Native. POACEAE: canary grass (Phalaris), wild rye (Elymus), bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata)
Introduced. POACEAE: Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), bearded wheatgrass (Elymus caninus), colonial bent grass (Agrostis capillaris), wild oat (Avena fatua)
Woodland skipper (Ochlodes sylvanoides)
Native. POACEAE: big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), silver plume grass (Saccharum alopecuroides), switch grass (Panicum virgatum)
Native. FUMARIACEAE: bleeding heart (Dicentra)
Native. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE: Dutchman’s pipe (Aristolochia). CONVOLVULACEAE: tropical white morning glory (Ipomoea alba). POLYGONACEAE: knotweed (Polygonum)
Introduced. POLYGONACEAE: black bindweed (Polygonum convolvulus)
Native. APIACEAE: angelica (Angelica), American wild carrot (Daucus pusillus), Canadian honewort (Cryptotaenia canadensis), Scottish licorice-root (Ligusticum scoticum), water hemlock (Cicuta), zizia (Zizia), umbrellawort (Tauschia). RUTACEAE: desert rue (Thamnosma)
Introduced. APIACEAE: dill (Anethum graveolens), Queen Anne’s lace (Daucus carota), fennel (Foeniculum), wild celery (Apium graveolens), poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), garden lovage (Levisticum officinale). RUTACEAE: rue (Ruta graveolens), gasplant (Dictamnus albus)
Black swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes)
Native. APIACEAE: angelica (Angelica), American wild carrot (Daucus pusillus), common cowparsnip (Heracleum maximum), licorice-root (Ligusticum), desert parsley (Lomatium), wavewing (Pteryxia), yampah (Perideridia), umbrellawort (Tauschia)
Introduced. APIACEAE: dill (Anethum graveolens), Queen Anne’s lace (Daucus carota), fennel (Foeniculum), wild celery (Apium graveolens), eltrot (Heracleum sphondylium), water parsley (Oenanthe sarmentosa), burnet saxifrage (Pimp-inella). RUTACEAE: citrus (Citrus)
Native. ROSACEAE: plum, cherry (Prunus), shadbush (Amelanchier canadensis), hawthorn (Crataegus), apple (Malus), mountain ash (Sorbus). SALICACEAE: cottonwood (Populus), willow (Salix). BETULACEAE: birch (Betula), American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), gray alder (Alnus incana). ACERACEAE: maple (Acer). ULMACEAE: elm (Ulmus). OLEACEAE: ash (Fraxinus)
Introduced. ROSACEAE: plum, cherry, peach (Prunus). OLEACEAE: common lilac (Syringa vulgaris)
Eastern tiger swallowtail (Papilio glaucus)
Native. ROSACEAE: plum, cherry (Prunus). SALICACEAE: cottonwood (Populus), willow (Salix). BETULACEAE: red alder (Alnus rubra). ACERACEAE: maple (Acer). ULMACEAE: elm (Ulmus). OLEACEAE: ash (Fraxinus)
Introduced. ROSACEAE: plum, cherry, peach (Prunus). OLEACEAE: common lilac (Syringa vulgaris)
Western tiger swallowtail (Papilio rutulus)
Native. ROSACEAE: plum, cherry (Prunus), hawthorn (Crataegus), oceanspray (Holodiscus discolor). RHAMNACEAE: wild lilac (Ceanothus), buckthorn (Rhamnus). BETULACEAE: red alder (Alnus rubra)
Introduced. ROSACEAE: plum, cherry, peach (Prunus), paradise apple (Malus pumila)
Native. ROSACEAE: plum, cherry (Prunus), serviceberry (Amelanchier). OLEACEAE: ash (Fraxinus). RUTACEAE: hop tree (Ptelea). PLATANACEAE: California sycamore (Platanus racemosa)
Introduced. ROSACEAE: plum, cherry, peach (Prunus). OLEACEAE: common lilac (Syringa vulgaris)
Native. LAURACEAE: sassafras (Sassafras albidum), northern spice bush (Lindera benzoin), red bay (Persea borbonia). MAGNOLIACEAE: tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera), sweet bay (Magnolia virginiana)
Introduced. LAURACEAE: camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora)
Native. FABACEAE: cassia (Cassia), hogpeanut (Amphicarpaea), bundleflower (Desmanthus)
Native. FABACEAE: cassia (Cassia), clover (Trifolium)
Native. FABACEAE: milkvetch (Astragalus), horsefly weed (Baptisia tinctoria), Utah sweetvetch (Hedysarum boreale), trefoil (Lotus), wild lupine (Lupinus perennis), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), spreadfruit goldenbanner (Thermopsis divaricarpa), American vetch (Vicia americana)
Introduced. FABACEAE: clover (Trifolium), vetch (Vicia), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis), garden pea (Pisum sativum)
Clouded sulphur (Colias philodice)
Native. FABACEAE: milkvetch (Astragalus), wild indigo (Baptisia), cassia (Cassia), American licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota), common deerweed (Lotus scoparius), bush clover (Lespedeza), lupine (Lupinus), mountain golden banner (Thermopsis montana), clover (Trifolium), vetch (Vicia)
Introduced. FABACEAE: crownvetch (Securigera varia), clover (Trifolium), sweet clover (Melilotus), vetch (Vicia), garden pea (Pisum sativum)
Orange sulphur (Colias eurytheme)
Native. FABACEAE: milkvetch (Astragalus), sweetvetch (Hedysarum), common deerweed (Lotus scoparius), lupine (Lupinus), locoweed (Oxytropis), golden banner (Thermopsis), American vetch (Vicia americana)
Introduced. FABACEAE: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), red clover (Trifolium pratense)
Native. FABACEAE: false indigo (Amorpha), prairie clover (Dalea), clover (Trifolium)
Introduced. FABACEAE: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), soybean (Glycine), clover (Trifolium)
Southern dogface (Zerene cesonia)
Native. FABACEAE: cassia (Cassia)
Introduced. FABACEAE: canarybird-bush (Crotalaria agatiflora)
Native. BRASSICACEAE: rockcress (Arabis), American yellowrocket (Barbarea orthoceras), western wallflower (Erysimum asperum), bittercress (Cardamine), twistflower (Streptanthus)
Introduced. BRASSICACEAE: yellowrocket (Barbarea verna), mustard (Brassica), watercress (Nasturtium officinale), hedge mustard (Sisymbrium officinale)
Sara orangetip (Anthocharis sara)
Native. BRASSICACEAE: rockcress (Arabis), bittercress (Cardamine), common pepperweed (Lepidium densiflorum)
Introduced. BRASSICACEAE: mouse-ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), early yellowrocket (Barbarea verna), hairy bitter-cress (Cardamine hirsuta), hedge mustard (Sisymbrium)
Native. BRASSICACEAE: rockcress (Arabis), tansymustard (Descurainia), pepperweed (Lepidium), twinpod (Physaria), curvepod yellowcress (Rorippa curvisiliqua), thelypody (Thelypodium). CAPPARACEAE: spider flower (Cleome)
Introduced. BRASSICACEAE: garden yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris), mustard (Brassica), shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), tall tumble mustard (Sisymbrium altissimum), sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima)
Native. BRASSICACEAE: rockcress (Arabis), wild cabbage (Caulanthus), tansymustard (Descurainia), draba (Draba), pepperweed (Lepidium), California mustard (Thelypodium lasiophyllum)
Introduced. BRASSICACEAE: garden yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris), black mustard (Brassica nigra), crossflower (Chorispora tenella), field pepperweed (Lepidium campestre), tall tumble mustard (Sisymbrium altissimum)
Western white (Pontia occidentalis)
Native. POLYGONACEAE: garden sorrel (Rumex acetosa), alpine mountainsorrel (Oxyria digyna)
Introduced. POLYGONACEAE: dock (Rumex)
Native. POLYGONACEAE: knotweed (Polygonum), dock (Rumex). ROSACEAE: Pacific silverweed (Argentina egedii), silverweed cinquefoil (Argentina anserina)
Introduced. POLYGONACEAE: knotweed (Polygonum), dock (Rumex)
Purplish copper (Lycaena helloides)
Native. ROSACEAE: plum, cherry (Prunus)
Introduced. ROSACEAE: European plum (Prunus domestica)
Native. FAGACEAE: oak (Quercus). JUGLANDACEAE: hickory (Carya), walnut (Juglans). OLEACEAE: ash (Fraxinus)
Introduced. ROSACEAE: paradise apple (Malus pumila)
Native. CUPRESSACEAE: juniper (Juniperus), western red cedar (Thuja plicata), incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), cypress (Cupressus). PINACEAE: western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)
Native. ERICACEAE: kinnikinnick (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), blueberry (Vaccinium), bog Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum), rhododendron (Rhododendron), Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii), salal (Gaultheria shallon). RHAMNACEAE: wild lilac (Ceanothus). POLYGONACEAE: wild buckwheat (Eriogonum). ROSACEAE: oceanspray (Holodiscus discolor)
Introduced. ROSACEAE: paradise apple (Malus pumila)
Native. ANACARDIACEAE: sumac (Rhus). MYRICACEAE: wax myrtle (Morella cerifera). EUPHORBIACEAE: grannybush (Croton cascarilla)
Red-banded hairstreak (Calycopis cecrops)
Native. FABACEAE: false indigo (Amorpha), hogpeanut (Amphicarpaea), milkvetch (Astragalus), cassia (Cassia), tick trefoil (Desmodium), American licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota), bush clover (Lespedeza), lupine (Lupinus), poison bean (Sesbania drummondii), clover (Trifolium), vetch (Vicia). MALVACEAE: hibiscus (Hibiscus), upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), mallow (Malva), tall poppymallow (Callirhoe leiocarpa), desert globemallow (Sphaeralcea ambigua). POLYGONACEAE: wild buckwheat (Eriogonum), knotweed (Polygonum). ERICACEAE: flame azalea (Rhododendron calendulaceum). EUPHORBIACEAE: croton (Croton). ROSACEAE: hawthorn (Crataegus), strawberry (Fragaria)
Introduced. FABACEAE: clover (Trifolium), vetch (Vicia), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis), bean (Phaseolus), garden pea (Pisum sativum), clover (Trifolium). ROSACEAE: paradise apple (Malus pumila). SCROPHULARIACEAE: common mullein (Verbascum thapsus)
Native. FAGACEAE: oak (Quercus). TILIACEAE: basswood (Tilia)
Native. FABACEAE: milkvetch (Astragalus), horsefly-weed (Baptisia tinctoria), tick trefoil (Desmodium), milkpea (Galactia), trefoil (Lotus), pea (Laythrus), bush clover (Lespedeza), lupine (Lupinus), sweet clover (Melilotus), clover (Trifolium), vetch (Vicia)
Introduced. FABACEAE: clover (Trifolium), vetch (Vicia)
Eastern tailed-blue (Cupido comyntas)
Native. FABACEAE: milkvetch (Astragalus), wild pea (Laythrus), purple locoweed (Oxytropis lambertii), vetch (Vicia)
Native. ROSACEAE: oceanspray (Holodiscus discolor), plum, cherry (Prunus), blackberry (Rubus). ACERACEAE: maple (Acer). HIPPOCASTANACEAE: California buckeye (Aesculus californica). ERICACEAE: manzanita (Arctostaphylos), blueberry (Vaccinium). RHAMNACEAE: wild lilac (Ceanothus). CORNACEAE: dogwood (Cornus). MORACEAE: common hop (Humulus lupulus). CAPRIFOLIACEAE: viburnum (Viburnum). FABACEAE: lupine (Lupinus), hogpeanut (Amphicarpaea), bush clover (Lespedeza), redcardinal (Erythrina herbacea). SAXIFRAGACEAE: five-petal cliffbush (Jamesia americana). COMPOSITAE: wingstem (Verbesina)
Introduced. FABACEAE: yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis), clover (Trifolium), vetch (Vicia). ASTERACEAE: ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare)
Native. FABACEAE: milkvetch (Astragalus), wild pea (Laythrus), trefoil (Lotus), lupine (Lupinus), golden banner (Thermopsis), vetch (Vicia)
Introduced. FABACEAE: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), vetch (Vicia)
Silvery blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus)
Native. FABACEAE: milkvetch (Astragalus), Utah sweet-vetch (Hedysarum boreale), American bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus unifoliolatus), lupine (Lupinus), vetch (Vicia)
Introduced. FABACEAE: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), vetch (Vicia)
Melissa blue (Plebejus melissa)
Native. FABACEAE: clover (Trifolium)
Introduced. FABACEAE: clover (Trifolium)
Native. FABACEAE: lupine (Lupinus)
Native. POLYGONACEAE: wild buckwheat (Eriogonum), knotweed (Polygonum). FABACEAE: trefoil (Lotus), milkvetch (Astragalus), lupine (Lupinus)
Introduced. FABACEAE: yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis)
Native. ASTERACEAE: yellow thistle (Cirsium horridulum)
Native. POLYGONACEAE: wild buckwheat (Eriogonum)
Mormon metalmark (Apodemia mormo)
Native. ULMACEAE: hackberry (Celtis)
Native. ASCLEPIADACEAE: milkweed (Asclepias)
Native. SALICACEAE: willow (Salix), cottonwood (Populus). BETULACEAE: birch (Betula), American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana). ROSACEAE: plum, cherry (Prunus), hawthorn (Crataegus), serviceberry (Amelanchier). FAGACEAE: American beech (Fagus grandifolia), oak (Quercus). ULMACEAE: elm (Ulmus). TILIACEAE: basswood (Tilia)
Introduced. ROSACEAE: paradise apple (Malus pumila), common pear (Pyrus communis), quince (Cydonia oblonga)
Native. SALICACEAE: willow (Salix), cottonwood (Populus). ROSACEAE: plum, cherry (Prunus), oceanspray (Holodiscus discolor), rose spiraea (Spiraea douglasii). RHAMNACEAE: wild lilac (Ceanothus)
Introduced. ROSACEAE: cotoneaster (Cotoneaster)
Lorquin’s admiral (Limenitis lorquini)
Native. SALICACEAE: willow (Salix), cottonwood (Populus). BETULACEAE: birch (Betula). ROSACEAE: plum, cherry (Prunus), hawthorn (Crataegus), serviceberry (Amelanchier)
Introduced. ROSACEAE: paradise apple (Malus pumila), common pear (Pyrus communis)
Viceroy (Limenitis archippus)
Native. PASSIFLORACEAE: passionflower (Passiflora)
Native. VIOLACEAE: violet (Viola), babyslippers (Hybanthus verticillatus). LINACEAE: flax (Linum). ASCLEPIADACEAE: Arizona swallow-wort (Cynanchum arizonicum). PASSIFLORACEAE: passionflower (Passiflora). CRASSULACEAE: spearleaf stonecrop (Sedum lanceolatum). MENISPERMACEAE: common moonseed (Menispermum canadense). BERBERIDACEAE: may-apple (Podophyllum peltatum)
Introduced. PASSIFLORACEAE: bluecrown passionflower (Passiflora caerulea). CRASSULACEAE: sedum (Hylotelephium telephium)
Native. VIOLACEAE: violet (Viola)
Native. VIOLACEAE: violet (Viola)
Native. VIOLACEAE: violet (Viola)
Great spangled fritillary (Speyeria cybele)
Native. VIOLACEAE: violet (Viola)
Native. VIOLACEAE: violet (Viola)
Native. ASTERACEAE: cudweed (Gnaphalium, Pseudognaphalium), pussytoes (Antennaria), pearly everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea), sagebrush (Artemisia), sunflower (Helianthus). FABACEAE: lupine (Lupinus). URTICACEAE: nettle (Urtica)
Introduced. ASTERACEAE: Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), plumeless thistle (Carduus), dusty miller (Senecio cineraria). MALVACEAE: mallow (Malva), hollyhock (Alcea rosea). URTICACEAE: nettle (Urtica). SCROPHULARIACEAE: snapdragon (Antirrhinum)
Native. ASTERACEAE: thistle (Cirsium), sagebrush (Artemisia), common yarrow (Achillea millefolium), pearly everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea), sunflower (Helianthus), helianthella (Helianthella). MALVACEAE: alkali mallow (Malvella leprosa), desert globemallow (Sphaeralcea ambigua). CHENOPODIACEAE: lambsquarters (Chenopodium album). FABACEAE: lupine (Lupinus), clover (Trifolium). URTICACEAE: stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). LABIATAE: mint (Mentha), sage (Salvia), betony (Stachys coccinea)
Introduced. ASTERACEAE: thistle (Cirsium), globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus), Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), plumeless thistle (Carduus), burdock (Arctium), blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus), pot marigold (Calendula officinalis), knapweed (Centaurea), dusty miller (Senecio cineraria). BORAGINACEAE: borage (Borago officinalis), viper’s bugloss (Echium vulgare), comfrey (Symphytum officinale). MALVACEAE: mallow (Malva), hollyhock (Alcea rosea). CHENOPODIACEAE: common beet (Beta vulgaris), lambsquarters (Chenopodium album). FABACEAE: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), garden pea (Pisum sativum), clover (Trifolium). URTICACEAE: dwarf nettle (Urtica urens). SOLANACEAE: petunia (Petunia). CONVOLVULACEAE: sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
Painted lady (Vanessa cardui)
Native. MALVACEAE: island mallow (Lavatera assurgentiflora), Mendocino bushmallow (Malacothamnus fasciculatus), alkali mallow (Malvella leprosa), checkerbloom (Sidalcea), desert globemallow (Sphaeralcea ambigua). URTICACEAE: stinging nettle (Urtica dioica)
Introduced. MALVACEAE: mallow (Malva), hollyhock (Alcea rosea). URTICACEAE: dwarf nettle (Urtica urens)
Native. URTICACEAE: nettle (Urtica), mother of thousands (Soleirolia soleirolii), pellitory (Parietaria), small-spike false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica). CANNABACEAE: common hop (Humulus lupulus)
Introduced. URTICACEAE: nettle (Urtica)
Red admiral (Vanessa atalanta)
Native. URTICACEAE: stinging nettle (Urtica dioica)
Introduced. URTICACEAE: stinging nettle (Urtica dioica)
Milbert’s tortoiseshell (Aglais milberti)
Native. SALICACEAE: willow (Salix), cottonwood (Populus). BETULACEAE: birch (Betula), alder (Alnus). ACERACEAE: maple (Acer). ULMACEAE: elm (Ulmus), hackberry (Celtis). CANNABACEAE: common hop (Humulus lupulus), red mulberry (Morus rubra). OLEACEAE: white ash (Fraxinus americana). ROSACEAE: mountain ash (Sorbus), white mead-owsweet (Spiraea alba), blackberry (Rubus), rose (Rosa). TILIACEAE: basswood (Tilia americana)
Introduced. ROSACEAE: common pear (Pyrus communis)
Native. ULMACEAE: elm (Ulmus), hackberry (Celtis). CANNABACEAE: common hop (Humulus lupulus). URTICACEAE: stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), small-spike false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Introduced. CANNABACEAE: Japanese hop (Humulus japonicus). URTICACEAE: stinging nettle (Urtica dioica)
Question mark (Polygonia interrogationis)
Native. ULMACEAE: American elm (Ulmus americana). CANNABACEAE: common hop (Humulus lupulus). URTICACEAE: stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), Canadian woodnettle (Laportea canadensis), small-spike false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)
Introduced. URTICACEAE: stinging nettle (Urtica dioica)
Native. URTICACEAE: stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). CANNABACEAE: common hop (Humulus lupulus)
Native. PLANTAGINACEAE: plantain (Plantago). SCROPHULARIACEAE: owl’s-clover (Orthocarpus), false foxglove (Agalinis), roving sailor (Maurandella antirrhiniflora), yaupon blacksenna (Seymeria cassioides), American blue-hearts (Buchnera americana), speedwell (Veronica). VERBENACEAE: fogfruit (Phyla)
Introduced. PLANTAGINACEAE: plantain (Plantago). SCROPHULARIACEAE: toadflax (Linaria), garden snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), Kenilworth ivy (Cymbalaria muralis)
Native. SCHROPHULARIACEAE: white turtlehead (Chelone glabra), false foxglove (Aureolaria), Allegheny monkey-flower (Mimulus ringens), Canadian lousewort (Pedicularis canadensis), hairy beardtongue (Penstemon hirsutus), carpenter’s square (Scrophularia marilandica), speedwell (Veronica). CAPRIFOLIACEAE: honeysuckle (Lonicera), coralberry (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus), arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum). OLEACEAE: white ash (Fraxinus americana)
Introduced. CAPRIFOLIACEAE: dwarf honeysuckle (Lonicera xylosteum)
Baltimore checkerspot (Euphydryas phaeton)
Native. SCHROPHULARIACEAE: Indian paintbrush (Castilleja), blue-eyed Mary (Collinsia), bush monkeyflower (Diplacus), beardtongue (Penstemon), California figwort (Scrophularia californica), lousewort (Pedicularis). VALERIANACEAE: seablush (Plectritis). CAPRIFOLIACEAE: honeysuckle (Lonicera), snowberry (Symphoricarpos)
Native. ASTERACEAE: cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata), crownbeard (Verbesina), aster (Symphyotrichum), whitetop (Doellingeria), sunflower (Helianthus), Canadian horseweed (Conyza canadensis), goldenrod (Solidago)
Native. ASTERACEAE: sunflower (Helianthus), great ragweed (Ambrosia trifida), showy goldeneye (Heliomeris multiflora)
Introduced. ASTERACEAE: giant sumpweed (Cyclachaena xanthifolia)
Gorgone checkerspot (Chlosyne gorgone)
Native. ASTERACEAE: thistle (Cirsium). SCROPHULARIACEAE: seep monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus)
Introduced. ASTERACEAE: thistle (Cirsium), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), Italian plumeless thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus)
Native. ASTERACEAE: aster (Oclemena, Symphyotrichum), whitetop aster (Sericocarpus)
Native. ASTERACEAE: aster (Eurybia, Eucephalus, Symphyotrichum), Bigelow’s tansyaster (Machaeranthera bigelovii)
Field crescent (Phyciodes pulchella)
Native. POACEAE: needlegrass (Stipa), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis)
Introduced. POACEAE: orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata)
Native. POACEAE: bluestem (Andropogon), purpletop tridens (Tridens flavus), porcupinegrass (Hesperostipa spartea)
Introduced. POACEAE: wild oat (Avena fatua)
Common wood nymph (Cercyonis pegala)