SUBJECT INDEX
“Amen,” 75
anti-Judaism, 82
anti-Semitism, 82
Apostolic Fathers, 119
Assmann, Jan, 43–44
attitudes, 80–82
automobiles, 89–90
Beatitudes, 25
Boismard, M.-É., 87
Bousset, Wilhelm, 60
Bultmann, Rudolph, 33–34, 39, 40, 61, 85–86, 87, 88, 97, 99–100
Byrskog, Samuel, 43
Caxton, William, 35
Chalcedonian creed, 16
Christ. See also Jesus
of Christian dogma, 16–18
Christ of faith versus the historical Jesus, 16–22, 29–30
Christianity
and Jesus, 21–22
and the Jews, 58–62
and supersessionism, 58–61
Christians
communities, 47–48
faith of, 18–19
churches, early, 47–48, 48–49, 54–55
communal memory, 121
community, 48–49, 94–95, 121, 123
computers, 79–80
criteria
for authenticity, 65–67
of dissimilarity, 65–66
of embarrassment, 66–67
criticism
literary paradigm and, 82–83
lower versus higher, 82–83
Crossan, Dominic, 62
cultural memory, 43–44
Dead Sea Scrolls, 62
“default setting,” 79–82
attitudes and, 80–82
changing, 80–82, 93, 99, 120–25
computers and, 79–80
definition, 79–80
languages and, 80
mind-set and, 80
Dialogue of the Savior, 119
disciples
faith of, 23–25
Jesus’ impact on, 12–13, 22–28, 54
memories of Jesus, 23–25
dissimilarity, 65–66
Dodd, C. H., 124
pre-Easter, 23, 30, 33–34, 121
Eichorn, J. G., 83
empty tomb, 107–9
epileptic boy, 106–7
“event” versus “tradition of the event,” 50–51, 97–98
exorcism, 74–75
faith
commitment, 23
of the disciples, 23–25
and the Jesus tradition, 23–25, 29–30
pre-Easter, 23, 30, 33–34, 121
folklore, 42–43
four-document hypothesis, 38, 85
fragment hypothesis, 83–84
Galilee, 26–27, 63–65, 71–72, 91–92, 121–22
Gerhardsson, Birger, 100
geschichtliche, 33
Gieseler, 84
Goodacre, Mark, 38
Gospels. See also entries for individual Gospels; Synoptic Gospels
and John the Baptist, 75–76
Kerygma of, 20
oral tradition and, 40–41, 43, 47
son of man/Son of Man tradition, 73–75
Griesbach hypothesis, 87
Gutenberg, Johannes, 35–36
Halbwachs, Maurice, 43–44
Hellenism, 62–63
Henaut, B. W., 102n69
Heschel, Susannah, 59
historische, 33
horses, 89–90
Ignatius of Antioch, 59
impact
of Jesus, 16, 22–28, 44, 54, 57
versus memorization, 44n31
institutional racism, 81
intertextuality, 83
James, letters of, 48–49, 88–89
Jeremias, Joachim, 66
Jesus. See also Jesus tradition; quest for the historical Jesus
“Amen” and, 75
“characteristic,” 63–65, 68–69, 69–77
and Christianity, 21–22
Christ of faith versus the historical Jesus, 16–22, 29–30
and his disciples, 12–13, 22–28, 54
and the empty tomb, 107–9
exorcism and, 74–75
and Galilee, 26–27, 71–72, 121–22
historical facts of, 22–23
impact of, 16, 22–28, 44, 54, 57
importance of, 11–12
interest in, 11–12
Jewishness of, 62, 63–65, 70–71
and Judaism, 59–61
and the kingdom, 72–73
“non-Jewish,” 58–64
parables of, 75
proper perspective on, 12–13
remoteness of, 16–17
son of man/Son of Man, 73–75
and the term “historical Jesus,” 28–34
Jesus Seminar, 21–22, 31, 51, 68, 98
additions to, 99–100
“authenticity” of, 119–20
and the “characteristic” Jesus, 69–70, 75–77
communal knowledge of, 48–49, 99
early, 23–28, 30, 54–56, 91–92, 93, 120–25
early transmission of, 101–20
versus Jewish tradition, 70–71
and John the Baptist, 75–76
judgment motif in, 76
layered composition, 39–40, 85–86
literary paradigm and, 40–42, 53, 119, 120–21
and New Testament letters, 48–49, 88–89, 119
oral transmission of, 36–37, 40–42, 47–48, 53, 58, 90–92, 97–98, 99, 118–19, 120–25
and original tradition, 97–98
outside the Gospels, 119
performance and, 124
and the Pharisees, 71
post-Easter, 26
pre-Easter, 25–28
and the Q document, 26–28, 122
and remembering Jesus, 77
and a single original form, 123
summary, 77–78
and the Synoptic Gospels, 88–89
Jews, 58–64
Jewish traditions, 70–71
Pharisees, 71
John, Gospel of, 17, 32, 71–72
Judaism, 58–65
anti-Judaism, 82
and Christianity, 58–59
and Hellenism, 62–63
Jesus and, 59–61
judgment, 76
Kähler, Martin, 32–34
kingdom, 72–73
Last Supper, 113–15
layered composition, 39–40, 85–86
Lessing, G. E., 83
libraries, 95–96
literacy, 90–91
literary interdependence, 105–20
literary paradigm, 57–58, 82–89
criticism and, 82–83
inadequacy of, 35–42
intertextuality, 83
versus oral tradition, 37–39, 46–48, 50, 84, 85, 86, 93, 99, 101–3, 120–25
overdependence on, 120–21
and the Synoptic Problem, 84–87
and the Synoptic tradition, 83–84, 102–3
literary redaction, 102
liturgical tradition, 112–15
living tradition, 125
Lord, Albert B., 42, 49–50, 92, 96, 124
Luke, 122
Luke, Gospel of, 25, 37–38, 40, 87, 88, 103–18, 122. See also Synoptic Gospels
Mack, Burton, 62
Macpherson Report, 81
Mark, Gospel of, 19, 20–21, 26, 37–40, 87–88, 103–10, 113–18, 120–21, 122, 124. See also Synoptic Gospels
Martha, 54
Mary (Jesus’ friend), 54
Mary (Jesus’ mother), 16–17
Matthew, Gospel of, 37–38, 40, 71, 87, 88, 103–18, 122. See also Synoptic Gospels
Meier, John P., 66
metonymic reference, 95
Middle East, 45–46
mind-set, 80
Moffatt, James, 84
Nag Hammadi texts, 119
New Testament letters, 48–49, 88–89, 119
nonliterary culture. See oral culture
Occam’s razor, 123–24
Ong, Walter, 89–90
oral culture, 36, 83, 89–101, 121–22
orality
presumption of, 102–3
oral tradition
characteristic features of, 46–53, 93–101, 115–19
communal nature, 48–49, 94–95, 121
fixity and flexibility, 51–53, 98–99, 100, 118
folklore and, 42–43
individuals responsible for transmission, 49–50, 95–96
and the Jesus tradition, 36–37, 40–42, 47–48, 53, 58, 90–92, 118–19, 125
literary paradigm and, 37–39, 46–48, 50, 84, 85, 86, 93, 99, 101–3, 120–25
memory and, 43–46
in Middle Eastern villages, 45–46
models of, 99–101
versus oral history, 43
and an “original” version, 50–51, 96–98, 118–19
pattern of threes, 115–18
and the Pauline churches, 47–48
and performance, 43, 46–48, 93–94, 95, 110
and performance variation, 98, 112, 118–19, 124–25
performance versus transmission, 43, 47–48
presumption of orality, 102–3
and receptionalist literary theory, 48, 95
re-envisaging, 42–46, 92, 99, 119, 120–25
and retellings, 109–10
stability and diversity/variation, 51–53, 98–99, 118
stylistic features, 115–19
and Synoptic tradition, 52–53, 58
and the Torah, 90–91
transcription of, 93
Palestine, 36–37
literacy in, 90–91
Pantocrator, 16
parables, 75
of the great supper or royal wedding banquet, 115–17
patriarchalism, 81–82
pattern of threes, 115–18
Paul
and Jesus, 18
letters of, 47–48, 48–49, 88–89
performance
and Jesus tradition, 124
and metonymic reference, 95
and oral tradition, 43, 46–48, 93–94, 95
performance variation, 98, 112, 118–19, 124–25
versus reading written text, 46–48, 93–94
versus transmission, 43, 47–48
Peter
threefold denial, 117–18
Pharisees, 71
presumption of orality, 53
printing press, 35–36
progress, 80–81
Q document, 26–28, 37–40, 76, 87–88, 103–4, 114, 120, 122, 124
Q hypothesis, 110–12
quest for the historical Jesus
archaeological, 29–30
beginnings of, 16–18
and Christian supersessionism, 58–61
and criteria for authenticity, 65–67
goal of, 18
mistakes of, 12, 15–16, 35, 42, 57–58
motivations for, 11–12
and the non-Jewish Jesus, 58–64
and the printed word, 35–36
scientific, 30–31
the term “historical Jesus,” 28–34
racism, 81
receptionalist literary theory, 48, 95
retellings, 109–10
Ritschl, Albrecht, 60
royal rule of God, 72–73
Sanders, E. P. (Ed), 42, 64–65, 86, 87, 92
Schleiermacher, F. D. E., 17, 83–84, 85
Sermon on the Mount, 25
Sermon on the Plain, 25
Sitz im Kirche, 19–20
social memory, 43–44
son of man/Son of Man tradition, 73–75
Strasburger, H., 69
Synoptic Gospels, 31–32, 37–40, 87
“coincidences” in, 84
Gospel of John and, 71–72
Jesus’ Galilean mission and, 71–72
and the Jesus tradition, 88–89
Last Supper in, 113–15
literary interdependence between, 105–20
and liturgical tradition, 112–15
Lord’s Prayer in, 112–13, 114–15
as products of faith, 19
and the Q tradition, 110–12
redaction criticism and, 83
son of man/Son of Man tradition, 74–75
Synoptic Problem, 37–38, 84–87, 90
Synoptic tradition, 34, 36, 39–40
differences within, 102–3, 124–25
and groupings of teachings, 49–50
Jesus’ Galilean mission and, 71–72
judgment motif in, 76
and the kingdom, 72–73
and the literary paradigm, 83–84
and the triple tradition, 106–10
teachers, 95–96
teachings, groupings of, 49–50, 96, 125–25
tradition. See also Jesus tradition; oral tradition; Synoptic tradition
great versus little, 100n65
Jewish traditions, 70–71
layers of, 65
liturgical, 112–15
living, 125
original, 97–98
Q, 110–12
traditioning process, 118–19
triple, 106–10
transcription, 93
triple tradition, 106–10
two-document hypothesis, 37–38, 84–85, 86–88, 103, 123–24
Vansina, Jan, 95
Vermes, Geza, 64
wheelless automobiles, 89–90
Winter, Dagmar, 66
Wrede, William, 19–20