Le Tour: A History of The Tour De France

Abdel-Kader, Abbes ref 1, ref 2

Abdoujaparov, Djamolidine ref 1

Abran, Georges ref 1, ref 2

Adriaenssens, Jan ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

advertising logos ref 1

Aerts, Jean ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Agostinho, Joaquim ref 1, ref 2

Aimar, Lucien ref 1, ref 2

Aimo, Bartolomeo ref 1, ref 2

Aix-les-Bains ref 1

Alavoine, Henri ref 1

Alavoine, Jean ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

Alcalá, Raul ref 1

Alcyon ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

Alcyon-Dunlop ref 1

Allos, Col d’ ref 1

Alps ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Amaury, Phillipe ref 1

Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO) ref 1, ref 2

Amberg, Leo ref 1

Amont, Marcel ref 1

Anderson, Kim ref 1, ref 2

Anderson, Phil ref 1, ref 2

Andreu, Betsy ref 1

Anglade, Henri ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Anquetil, Jacques ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15

background and military service ref 1

character ref 1

death ref 1, ref 2

ill-health ref 1

personal life ref 1

retirement from the Tour ref 1

wins 1957 Tour ref 1

wins 1961 Tour ref 1

wins 1962 Tour ref 1

wins 1963 Tour ref 1, ref 2

wins 1964 Tour ref 1

Archambaud, Maurice ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

Ardagh, John ref 1

Armstrong, Lance ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12

background ref 1

bullying behaviour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

and cancer ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

confesses to doping ref 1, ref 2

cult of Armstrong ref 1, ref 2

drug use ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

It’s Not About the Bike ref 1

libel action ref 1

Oprah Winfrey interview ref 1

personal life ref 1

retirement ref 1

returns to cycling ref 1, ref 2

stripped of titles and banned from cycling ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

wins 1999 Tour ref 1

wins 2000 Tour ref 1

wins 2001 Tour ref 1

wins 2002 Tour ref 1, ref 2

wins 2003 Tour ref 1

wins 2004 Tour ref 1

wins 2005 Tour ref 1

Aucouturier, Hippolyte ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

Auto ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14

Automobile Club de France ref 1

Automoto ref 1

Automoto-Hutchinson ref 1

Auxerre ref 1

Baal, Daniel ref 1

Babe Ruth ref 1

Baden-Powell, Robert ref 1

Bahamontes, Federco ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

wins 1959 Tour ref 1

Ballester, Pierre ref 1

Ballon d’Alsace ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Bannister, Roger ref 1

Barnes, Julian ref 1

Barone, Nicolas ref 1

Barrès, Maurice ref 1

Barrichello, Rubens ref 1

Bartali, Gino ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

rivalry with Coppi ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

wins 1938 Tour ref 1

wins 1948 Tour ref 1

Barthélémy, Honoré ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Barthes, Roland ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Basso, Ivan ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Battistini, Graziano ref 1

Bauer, Steve ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Baugé, Alphonse ref 1

Bauvin, Gilbert ref 1, ref 2

Bayard, Col ref 1, ref 2

Bedwell, David ref 1

Belgian dominance of Tour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Bellenger, Romain ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Bellini, Giancarlo ref 1

Belloni, Gaetano ref 1

Beloki, Joseba ref 1, ref 2

Benoit, Adelin ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Berlin Olympics (1936) ref 1

Bernard, Jean-Francois ref 1

Bernard, Tristan ref 1

Bernaudeau, Jean-René ref 1

Berrendero, Julian ref 1

Bertin, Yvon ref 1

Bertogliati, Rubens ref 1

Berzin, Evgeny ref 1, ref 2

Beuffeuil, Pierre ref 1, ref 2

Biagoni, Serafino ref 1

Biarritz ref 1

bicycle industry, relations with the Tour ref 1, ref 2

bicycles

cycling origins and history ref 1

gears ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

technological and design changes ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

tyres ref 1, ref 2

Bidot, Marcel ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Binda, Alfredo ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Binggeli, René ref 1

Bitossi, Franco ref 1

Blériot, Louis ref 1

Blijlevens, Jerouen ref 1

Blondin, Antoine ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Blondin, Charles ref 1

Blum, Léon ref 1, ref 2

Boardman, Chris ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Boasson Hagen, Edvald ref 1, ref 2

Bobet, Louison ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13

death ref 1, ref 2

personality and behaviour ref 1, ref 2

wins 1953 Tour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

wins 1954 Tour ref 1

wins 1955 Tour ref 1

Bonds, Barry ref 1

Bonduel, Frans ref 1, ref 2

Bontempi, Guido ref 1

Boonen, Tom ref 1

Bordeaux ref 1, ref 2

Borgarello, Vincenzo ref 1

Botero, Santiago ref 1

Bottecchia, Ottavia ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

murder of ref 1

wins 1924 Tour ref 1, ref 2

wins 1925 Tour ref 1

Boulon, Albert ref 1

Bouvatier, Philippe ref 1

Braeckeveldt, Adolf ref 1

Brailsford, David ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Bramard, André ref 1

Brambilla, Pierre ref 1

Brange, Eugène ref 1

Brankart, Jean ref 1, ref 2

Brasher, Chris ref 1

Brest ref 1

Breyer, Victor ref 1, ref 2

Britain

competes in Tour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

London Olympics ref 1

popularity of cycling in ref 1, ref 2

the Tour in ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Victorian attitudes to sport ref 1

Brittany ref 1

Brocco, Maurice ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

Brotherton, Peter ref 1

Bruyère, Joseph ref 1

Bruyneel, Johan ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Buchonnet, Roger ref 1

Bugno, Gianni ref 1, ref 2

Burgundy ref 1

Burl, Bill ref 1

Bush, George W. ref 1, ref 2

Buysse, Jules ref 1

Buysse, Lucien ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

wins 1926 Tour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Buysse, Marcel ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Cadolle, Georges ref 1

Caen ref 1

Caillaux–Calmette affair ref 1

Calais ref 1

Callens, Norbert ref 1

Calvet, Jean ref 1

Calvez, Léon le ref 1

Camusso, Francesco ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Cancellara, Fabian ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Canes, Georges de ref 1

caravane publicitaire ref 1

Carensio, Jean-Pierre ref 1

Carlesi, Guido ref 1

Carpentier, Georges ref 1, ref 2

Carrère, Maurice ref 1

Casartelli, Fabio ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Cavendish, Mark ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

Caviller, Georges ref 1

Cazalis, Lucien ref 1

Cepeda, Francesco ref 1

Chany, Pierre ref 1, ref 2

Charron, Frederic ref 1

Chaussabel, Roger ref 1

Chavanel, Sylvain ref 1

Chiappucci, Claudio ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Chirac, Jacques ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Christophe, Eugène ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13

Cipollini, Mario ref 1, ref 2

Clarion Cycling Club ref 1

Clemens, Mathis ref 1

Clerc, Patrice ref 1, ref 2

CLM par équipes ref 1

Cloarec, Pierre ref 1

clothing, riders’ ref 1

Club Vélocipédique de Bordeaux ref 1

Cobb, Richard ref 1, ref 2

Cohen, Jack ref 1

Colas, Paul ref 1

Colinelli, Angelo ref 1

collaboration in sport ref 1

Combes, Emile ref 1

Congress of the French Association for the Advancement of Science ref 1

Connolly, Cyril ref 1

Contador, Alberto ref 1, ref 2

stripped of titles ref 1, ref 2

wins 2007 Tour ref 1

Cooke, Baden ref 1

Coppi, Fausto ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

background and cycling career ref 1

death ref 1, ref 2

personal life ref 1

rivalry with Bartali ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

wins 1949 Tour ref 1

wins 1952 Tour ref 1

Cordon ref 1

Cornet, Henri ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Corsica ref 1

Cosson, Victor ref 1

Coubertin, Baron Pierre de ref 1, ref 2

Courcol, Jean-Pierre ref 1

Cours en tête, le (film) ref 1

Coventry Gentleman’s Bicycle ref 1

Coyle, Daniel ref 1

Crupelandt, Charles ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Cummings, Steve ref 1

Cunego, Damiano ref 1

cycling, origins and history of ref 1

cycling clubs ref 1

Cyclistes Girondins ref 1

Dancelli, Michele ref 1

Danguillaume, Jean-Pierre ref 1

Darrigade, André ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

Dean, Julian ref 1

Decock, Roger ref 1

Decoin, Henry ref 1

défaillance ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Defraye, Odile ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

wins 1912 Tour ref 1, ref 2

Deledda, Adolphe ref 1

Delgado, Pedro ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

wins 1988 Tour ref 1

Delisle, Raymond ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Deloor, Gustaaf ref 1

Demuysère, Jef ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Desbiens, Laurent ref 1

Desgrange, Henri ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13

and Auto ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

background ref 1

cedes some of his authority over race ref 1

death ref 1

establishment of Tour ref 1

and First World War ref 1

homage to by Goddet ref 1

starting up Tour after War ref 1

and team system ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

and time trials ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

and Tour innovations and rules ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

and yellow jersey idea ref 1

Dewaele, Maurice ref 1, ref 2

wins 1929 Tour ref 1

Di Paco, Raffaele ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

Diederich, Jean ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Dijon ref 1

Diot, Maurice ref 1

Discovery Channel ref 1

Dojwa, Philippe ref 1, ref 2

domestiques ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Dortignacq, Jean-Baptiste ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Drais, Baron Karl von ref 1

Dreyfus, Captain Alfred ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Driessens, Guillaume ref 1

drugs

Armstrong and ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

doping tests ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

entrenched doping culture ref 1, ref 2

EPO (erythropoietin) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

Festina scandal (1998) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

masking agents ref 1

Operación Puerto ref 1

riders’ use of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18

Duboc, Paul ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Ducazeaux, Sauveur ref 1, ref 2

Dumas, Dr Pierre ref 1

Dunlop, John Boyd ref 1

Durand, Jacky ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Dussault, Marcel ref 1

Dutt, Palme ref 1

échappé bidon ref 1

Echávarri, José Miguel ref 1

Echave, Federico ref 1

Egg, Oscar ref 1, ref 2

Egli, Paul ref 1

Elli, Alberto ref 1

Elliott, Shay ref 1, ref 2

Embrun ref 1

Engel, Emile ref 1

English Mechanic ref 1

EPO (erythropoietin) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

Équipe ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

Errandonea, José-Maria ref 1

Evans, Cadel ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

wins 2011 Tour ref 1

Ezquerra, Federico ref 1, ref 2

Faber, Ernest Paul ref 1, ref 2

Faber, François ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

wins 1909 Tour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Fachleitner, Edouard ref 1

Faema ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Fallon, Kieren ref 1

Fantinato, Bruno ref 1

Faure, Alfred ref 1

Faure, Benoit ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Feillu, Romain ref 1, ref 2

Ferguson, James ref 1

Ferrari, Dr Michele ref 1

Ferrari, Roberto ref 1

Festina scandal (1998) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Fignon, Laurent ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

wins 1983 Tour ref 1

wins 1984 Tour ref 1

Filliat, Paul ref 1

First World War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

Fischer, Josef ref 1

Flecha, Juan Antonio ref 1

Fontan, Victor ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Fontenay, Jean ref 1

football ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12

Forestier, Jean ref 1, ref 2

Française, La ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Frantz, Nicolas ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

wins 1927 Tour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

wins 1928 Tour ref 1, ref 2

Fréchaut, Jean ref 1

Frigo, Dario ref 1

Froome, Chris ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

Fuentes, Dr Eufemiano ref 1

Fuerte, Anselmo ref 1

Gachon, Pierre ref 1

Gaelic Atheltic Association ref 1

Galibier, Col du ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Garin, César ref 1

Garin, Maurice ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

disqualified from 1904 Tour ref 1

wins 1903 Tour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Garmin-Sharp ref 1

Garrigou, Gustave ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

wins 1911 Tour ref 1

Gascony ref 1

Gauban, Henri ref 1

Gaul, Charly ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

wins 1958 Tour ref 1

Gaulle, Charles de ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

Gauthier, Bernard ref 1

Gauthier, Jean-Louis ref 1

Gayant, Nartial ref 1

gears, bicycle ref 1

derailleur ref 1, ref 2

Geldermans, Ab ref 1

Geminiani, Raphael ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

Georget, Emile ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

Georget, Léon ref 1, ref 2

Gerdemann, Linus ref 1

Geslin, Anthony ref 1

Giffard, Pierre ref 1, ref 2

Gilbert, Philippe ref 1

Gimondi, Felice ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

wins 1965 Tour ref 1

Girardengo, Constante ref 1, ref 2

Giro ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

Globe, Le ref 1, ref 2

Goasmat, Jean-Pierre ref 1

Goddet, Jacques ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

Godefroot, Walter ref 1, ref 2

Godivier, Marcel ref 1, ref 2

Goethals, Félix ref 1, ref 2

Gonzalez, Aurelio ref 1

Gonzalez, Txema ref 1

Gordini, Michele ref 1

Graffigney, H. de ref 1

Grand Prix du Midi Libre ref 1

Granier, Honoré ref 1

green jersey ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Grenoble ref 1

Grèves, René le ref 1

Groussard, Georges ref 1

Guerra, Learco ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Guimard, Cyrille ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Hamburger, Bo ref 1

Hamilton, Tyler ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

Hampsten, Andrew ref 1

Hanegraaf, Jacques ref 1

Hassenforder, Roger ref 1, ref 2

Haussmann, Georges ref 1

Hawthorn, Mike ref 1

Hayles, Rob ref 1, ref 2

Hélière, Adolphe ref 1

helmets ref 1

Heras, Roberto ref 1

Hérault, Jean-Claude ref 1

Herrera, Luis ref 1

Heulto, Stéphane ref 1

Heusghem, Hector ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Hinault, Bernard ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

wins 1978 Tour ref 1

wins 1979 Tour ref 1

wins 1981 Tour ref 1

wins 1982 Tour ref 1

wins 1985 Tour ref 1

Hincapie, George ref 1

Hoar, Tony ref 1

Hoban, Barry ref 1

Hobbs, Jack ref 1

Holland, Charley ref 1

Hollande, François ref 1

Honchar, Serge ref 1, ref 2

horse racing ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Huret, Constant ref 1

Hushovd, Thor ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Hutton, Len ref 1, ref 2

Huyse, Omer ref 1

Huysmans, Joseph ref 1, ref 2

Impanis, Raymond ref 1

Induráin, Miguel ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

background and cycling career ref 1

wins 1991 Tour ref 1, ref 2

wins 1992 Tour ref 1, ref 2

wins 1993 Tour ref 1

wins 1994 Tour ref 1, ref 2

wins 1995 Tour ref 1, ref 2

International Cycling Union ref 1

Ireland ref 1

Italy ref 1, ref 2

Izoard, Col d’ ref 1

Jacquelin, Edmond ref 1, ref 2

Jacquinot, Robert ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Jalabert, Laurent ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

Janssen, Jan ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

wins 1968 Tour ref 1

Janssens, Edward ref 1

Jaskula, Zenon ref 1

Jaurès, Jean ref 1

Jenkins, Sally ref 1

jerseys ref 1

see also individual colours

Jimenez, Julio ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Jones, Stan ref 1

Julich, Bobby ref 1, ref 2

Karstens, Gerben ref 1

Kawamuro, Kisso ref 1

Keith-Falconer, Hon Mr ref 1

Keller, Hans ref 1, ref 2

Kelly, Sean ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

Killy, Jean-Claude ref 1, ref 2

Kimmage, Paul ref 1

King of the Mountains prize ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

Kint, Marcel ref 1, ref 2

Kipling, Rudyard ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Kirchen, Kim ref 1

Kirkham, Donald ref 1

Kirsipuu, Jaan ref 1, ref 2

Klöden, Andreas ref 1, ref 2

Knetemann, Gerrie ref 1, ref 2

Koblet, Hugo ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

wins 1951 Tour ref 1

Koechli, Paul ref 1

Kohl, Bernhard ref 1

Konyshev, Dmitri ref 1, ref 2

Krebs, Fred ref 1

Kubler, Ferdi ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

wins 1950 Tour ref 1

Laffrey, Col de ref 1, ref 2

Lafourcade, François ref 1

Lambot, Firmin ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

wins 1919 Tour ref 1

wins 1922 Tour ref 1

Lambrecht, Roger ref 1

Lamour, Jean-François ref 1

Landis, Floyd ref 1

doping charges ref 1

wins 2006 Tour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

lanterne rouge ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Laon ref 1

Lapébie, Roger ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

wins 1937 Tour ref 1

Lapize, Octave ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

wins 1910 Tour ref 1, ref 2

Lastras, Pablo ref 1

Laurent, Michel ref 1

Lazaridès, Jean ref 1, ref 2

Lazaridès, Lucien ref 1

Le Bert, Raymond ref 1

Le Drogo, Ferdinand ref 1

Le Guily, Jean ref 1

Le Pen, Jean-Marie ref 1

Leblanc, Jean-Marie ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

Leblanc, Luc ref 1, ref 2

Leducq, André ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15

death ref 1

wins 1930 Tour ref 1, ref 2

wins 1933 Tour ref 1, ref 2

Lefèvre, Géo ref 1

Legeay, Roger ref 1

Leinders, Dr Geert ref 1

Leipheimer, Levi ref 1

Lemaire, Georges ref 1

LeMond, Greg ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

wins 1986 Tour ref 1

wins 1989 Tour ref 1, ref 2

wins 1990 Tour ref 1

Level, Léon ref 1

Lévitan, Félix ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Lino, Pascal ref 1, ref 2

Livingstone, Ken ref 1

Löfkvist, Thomas ref 1

London Olympics (2012) ref 1

Londres, Albert ref 1

Longo, Jeannie ref 1, ref 2

Lopez-Carril, Vicente ref 1

Lorient ref 1

Louviot, Raymond ref 1

Loy, Xavier ref 1

Lubberding, Henk ref 1, ref 2

Lucotti, Luigi ref 1, ref 2

Ludwig, Olaf ref 1

Luxembourg ref 1, ref 2

Lyons ref 1

McEwen, Robbie ref 1, ref 2

Macmillan, Kirkpatrick ref 1

McQuaid, Pat ref 1

Madoit, Marc ref 1

Maechler, Erich ref 1

Maertens, Freddy ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Maes, Romain ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

wins 1935 Tour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Maes, Sylvère ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

wins 1936 Tour ref 1, ref 2

wins 1939 Tour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Maeterlinck, Maurice ref 1, ref 2

Magne, Antonin ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19

death ref 1

wins 1931 Tour ref 1, ref 2

wins 1934 Tour ref 1

Magne, Paul ref 1

Magni, Fiorenzino ref 1

Mahé, François ref 1, ref 2

Maitland, Bob ref 1

Maitron, Julien ref 1

Majerus, Jean ref 1, ref 2

Mallejac, Jean ref 1, ref 2

Mangeas, Daniel ref 1, ref 2

Marcillou, Sylvain ref 1

Mariano, Luis ref 1

Marie, Thierry ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Marinelli, Jacques ref 1, ref 2

Marseilles ref 1, ref 2

Martano, Giuseppe ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Martin, Hector ref 1

Martin, Raymond ref 1

Martin, Tony ref 1, ref 2

Martinet, Charles ref 1

Martinez, Mariano ref 1

Martinez-Heredia, Enrique ref 1, ref 2

Martinez-Oliver, Juan ref 1

Masselis, Jules ref 1

Massi, Rodolfo ref 1

Masson, Emile ref 1, ref 2

Mauriac, François ref 1, ref 2

Maye, Paul ref 1

Mayo, Iban ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Ménager, Constant ref 1

Menchov, Denis ref 1, ref 2

Mente, Col de ref 1

Merckx, Eddy ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15

background and cycling career ref 1

character ref 1

Chevalier of the Legion d’Honneur ref 1

and Driessens ref 1

retirement ref 1

seriously injured in crash ref 1

and team system ref 1

tested positive for drugs (1969) ref 1

unpopularity of ref 1

wins 1969 Tour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

wins 1970 Tour ref 1, ref 2

wins 1971 Tour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

wins 1972 Tour ref 1

wins 1974 Tour ref 1, ref 2

Mersch, Arsène ref 1, ref 2

Merviel, Jules ref 1

Metz ref 1

Michaux, Pierre ref 1

Michelet, Jacques ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Michelin ref 1, ref 2

Michelin, André and Edouard ref 1

Michiels, Guillaume ref 1

Middelkamp, Theo ref 1

Milk-for-Stamina Tour of Britain ref 1

Millar, David ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Millar, Robert ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Mitterrand, François ref 1, ref 2

Moineau, Julien ref 1

Molteni ref 1, ref 2

Moncassin, Frédéric ref 1

Moncoutié, David ref 1

Monde, Le ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Moore, James ref 1

Moreau, Christophe ref 1

Moreni, Cristian ref 1, ref 2

Mortensen, Leif ref 1

Moser, Francesco ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Motta, Gianni ref 1

Mottet, Charly ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Mottiat, Louis ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Mountains prize see King of the Mountains prize

Muller, Edouard ref 1

Munro, Ivor ref 1

Murphy, Charles M. ref 1

Muynck, Johan de ref 1

Nancy ref 1

Nantes ref 1, ref 2

Nantes Medical Society ref 1

Naquet-Radiguet, Jean-François ref 1

Nazon, Jean-Pierre ref 1

Neffati, Ali ref 1, ref 2

Nempon, Jules ref 1

Nencini, Gastone ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

wins 1960 Tour ref 1, ref 2

Netherlands ref 1

Nibali, Vincenzo ref 1

Nicholson, Geoffrey ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

The Great Bike Race ref 1

Nijdam, Jelle ref 1

Nocentini, Rinaldo ref 1

Normandy ref 1

Novitzky, Jeff ref 1

Obrée, Graham ref 1

Ocaña, Luis ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

commits suicide ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

wins 1973 Tour ref 1, ref 2

Ockers, Constant ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

O’Grady, Stuart ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

ONCE ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Opperman, Hubert ref 1

O’Reilly, Emma ref 1, ref 2

Orléans ref 1

pacing ref 1

Pagie, Emile ref 1

Pantani, Marco ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

death of ref 1, ref 2

wins 1998 Tour ref 1, ref 2

Paris-Brest race (1891) ref 1, ref 2

Paris-Clermont race (1892) ref 1

Parmentier, Léon ref 1

Pasquier, Dominique ref 1

Passerieu, Georges ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Pauwels, Eddy ref 1

Payan, Ferdinand ref 1

Peeters, Ludo ref 1

Pelier, Joel ref 1

Pélissier, Charles ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

Pélissier, Francis ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

Pélissier, Henri ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15

use of stimulants ref 1

wins 1923 Tour ref 1, ref 2

Pellizotti, Franco ref 1

peloton ref 1

Pensec, Ronan ref 1

Pereiro, Oscar ref 1, ref 2

Peron, Andrea ref 1

Persin, Henri ref 1

Pesenti, Antonio ref 1, ref 2

Petacchi, Alessandro ref 1, ref 2

Petit Tour (1946) ref 1

Petit-Breton, Lucien ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13

background ref 1

wins 1907 Tour ref 1

wins 1908 race ref 1

Petterson, Gosta ref 1

Peugeot ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Pevenage, Rudy ref 1, ref 2

Philipot, Fabrice ref 1

Piasecki, Lech ref 1

Picardy ref 1

Pickwick Bicycling Club ref 1

Pimple, Melvin ref 1

Pingeon, Roger ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

wins 1967 Tour ref 1

Planckaert, Eddy ref 1

Poblet, Miguel ref 1

poinçonée bikes ref 1, ref 2

points system ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

Poli, Eros ref 1

politics and sport ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

Pollentier, Michel ref 1

Porte, Col de ref 1

Porte, Richie ref 1

Portier, P. ref 1, ref 2

Pothier, Louis ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Pottier, André ref 1, ref 2

Pottier, René ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

commits suicide ref 1

wins 1906 Tour ref 1, ref 2

Poulidor, Raymond ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18

background ref 1

Chevalier of the Order of Leopold ref 1

duels with Anquetil ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

last Tour (1976) ref 1

Pour le Maillot Jaune (film) ref 1

Pradera, Mikel ref 1

Privat, René ref 1

prize money ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

Prologue ref 1

Provence ref 1

Pusey, Bernard ref 1

Puy de Dôme ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Pyrenees ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Quilfen, Bernard ref 1

radio, and sport ref 1

Rasmussen, Michael ref 1, ref 2

Raymond, Christian ref 1

Rebry, Gaston ref 1, ref 2

red-peas jersey ref 1, ref 2

regulations ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

Rennes ref 1

Renshaw, Mark ref 1, ref 2

Reybroeck, Guido ref 1, ref 2

Rheims ref 1

Ribeiro, Mauro ref 1

Richard, Pascal ref 1

Riis, Bjarne ref 1, ref 2

wins 1996 Tour ref 1

Rinero, Christophe ref 1

Ritter, Ole ref 1

Rivière, Roger ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Robic, Jean ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

wins 1947 Tour ref 1, ref 2

Robinson, Brian ref 1

Roche, Nicolas ref 1

Roche, Stephen ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

wins 1987 Tour ref 1, ref 2

Rodriguez, Miguel ref 1

Roi de la Pédale, Le (film) ref 1

Rolland, Antonin ref 1, ref 2

Rolland, Pierre ref 1, ref 2

Rominger, Tony ref 1, ref 2

Ronconi, Aldo ref 1, ref 2

Rooks, Steven ref 1

Rooy, Theo de ref 1

Rossi, Giovanni ref 1

Rossi, Jules ref 1

Rossius, Jean ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Rouen ref 1

Roussel, Bruno ref 1, ref 2

Roux, Laurent ref 1

Rover Safety bicycle ref 1

rugby ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

Ruinart, Paul ref 1

Ruiz, Vittorio ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Rumsas, Edita ref 1

Rumsas, Raimondas ref 1

Russia ref 1

Ryckaert, Eric ref 1

Sánchez, Luis León ref 1

Santoni, Joel ref 1

Santy, Alain ref 1

Sappey, Col du ref 1

Sarkozy, Nicolas ref 1

Sastre, Carlos ref 1

wins 2008 Tour ref 1

Savoy ref 1

Sawyer, William ref 1

Schaer, Fritz ref 1

Schepers, Alfons ref 1

Schillings solicitors ref 1

Schleck, Andy ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

wins 2010 Tour ref 1

Schleck, Fränk ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Schoenmaecker, Jos de ref 1

Schotte, Briek ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Schumacher, Stefan ref 1

Scieur, Léon ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

wins 1921 Tour ref 1, ref 2

scoring system ref 1, ref 2

see also points system

Second World War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Sercu, Patrick ref 1

Sheil, Norman ref 1

Simeoni, Filippo ref 1, ref 2

Simon, François ref 1

Simon, Pascal ref 1

Simoni, Gilberto ref 1

Simpson, Tom ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

Sinkewitz, Patrik ref 1

Sky ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

Sobers, Sir Gary ref 1

Société d’Exploitation du Tour de France ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Soerensen, Rolf ref 1

soigneurs ref 1, ref 2

Sorensen, Nicki ref 1

Speicher, Georges ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

wins 1933 Tour ref 1

Sporting Times ref 1

St-Malo ref 1

Stablinski, Jean ref 1

Stannard, Ian ref 1, ref 2

Starley, James ref 1

Starley, John Kemp ref 1

Stavisky, Alexander ref 1

Steel, Ian ref 1

Steinès, Alphonses ref 1, ref 2

Stevens, Julien ref 1

Stieda, Alex ref 1

Stoepel, Kurt ref 1, ref 2

Svoroda, Jan ref 1

Taaramäe, Rein ref 1

Tailleu, Odile ref 1

Tapie, Bernard ref 1

Tassin, Eloi ref 1

Taylor, Major ref 1, ref 2

Tchmil, Andrei ref 1

Teisseire, Lucien ref 1

Télégraphe, Col de ref 1

television and the Tour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Thévenet, Bernard ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

wins 1975 Tour ref 1, ref 2

wins 1977 Tour ref 1, ref 2

Thiberghien, Hector ref 1

Thomas, Geraint ref 1

Thurau, Dietrich ref 1, ref 2

Thys, Philippe ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

wins 1913 Tour ref 1, ref 2

wins 1914 Tour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

wins 1920 Tour ref 1, ref 2

time bonuses ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

time trials ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

Timmis, Adrian ref 1

Tour de France

(1903) ref 1

(1904) ref 1

(1905) ref 1, ref 2

(1906) ref 1

(1907) ref 1

(1908) ref 1

(1909) ref 1

(1910) ref 1, ref 2

(1911) ref 1

(1912) ref 1, ref 2

(1913) ref 1

(1914) ref 1

(1919) ref 1

(1920) ref 1, ref 1, ref 1

(1921) ref 1

(1922) ref 1

(1923) ref 1

(1924) ref 1

(1925) ref 1

(1926) ref 1, ref 2

(1927) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

(1928) ref 1, ref 2

(1929) ref 1

(1930) ref 1, ref 2

(1931) ref 1, ref 2

(1932) ref 1

(1933) ref 1, ref 2

(1934) ref 1, ref 2

(1935) ref 1, ref 2

(1936) ref 1

(1937) ref 1, ref 2

(1938) ref 1

(1939) ref 1

(1947) ref 1

(1948) ref 1

(1949) ref 1, ref 2

(1950) ref 1

(1951) ref 1

(1952) ref 1

(1953) ref 1

(1954) ref 1

(1955) ref 1

(1956) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

(1957) ref 1

(1958) ref 1

(1959) ref 1

(1960) ref 1, ref 2

(1961) ref 1

(1962) ref 1, ref 2

(1963) ref 1

(1964) ref 1

(1965) ref 1

(1966) ref 1, ref 2

(1967) ref 1, ref 2

(1968) ref 1

(1969) ref 1, ref 2

(1970) ref 1

(1971) ref 1

(1972) ref 1

(1973) ref 1

(1974) ref 1

(1975) ref 1

(1976) ref 1, ref 2

(1977) ref 1

(1978) ref 1

(1979) ref 1

(1980) ref 1

(1981) ref 1

(1982) ref 1

(1983) ref 1

(1984) ref 1

(1985) ref 1

(1986) ref 1

(1987) ref 1

(1988) ref 1

(1989) ref 1

(1990) ref 1

(1991) ref 1

(1992) ref 1

(1993) ref 1, ref 2

(1994) ref 1

(1995) ref 1, ref 2

(1996) ref 1

(1997) ref 1

(1998) ref 1, ref 2

(1999) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

(2000) ref 1

(2001) ref 1

(2002) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

(2003) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

(2004) ref 1

(2005) ref 1

(2006) ref 1

(2007) ref 1

(2008) ref 1

(2009) ref 1, ref 2

(2010) ref 1

(2011) ref 1, ref 2

(2012) ref 1

(2013) ref 1, ref 2

accidents involving spectators ref 1

‘anonymous’ bikes ref 1, ref 2

area covered ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

average speeds ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

budget ref 1

cancelling of during Second World War ref 1

collaboration amongst riders ref 1, ref 2

commercialization of ref 1

crosses the Channel ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

distance covered ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

establishment of ref 1, ref 2

fatalities ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

first non-French winner ref 1

humanization of ref 1, ref 2

life expectancy of riders ref 1

as myth and epic ref 1, ref 2

patriotic overtones ref 1

physique of riders ref 1, ref 2

points system ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

prize money ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

regulations ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

songs about ref 1

spectators, numbers of ref 1

sponsorship ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

team system ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

Tour de France par Deux Enfants ref 1

touristes-routiers ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Trousselier, Louis ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

wins 1905 Tour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Trueba, Vicente ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Tucker, Dr Ross ref 1

Tuvache, Gaston ref 1

tyres ref 1, ref 2

UCI ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

Ugrumov, Letton ref 1

Ullrich, Jan ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12

wins 1997 Tour ref 1

Union Cyclistes des Postes etTélégraphes ref 1

United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) ref 1

US Postal ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

Vallet, Bernard ref 1

Valverde, Alejandro ref 1

Van de Casteele, Camille ref 1

Van Der Poel, Adri ref 1

Van Est, Wim ref 1, ref 2

Van Houwaert, Cyriel ref 1, ref 2

Van Impe, Lucien ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

wins 1976 Tour ref 1, ref 2

Van Slembroeck, Gustaaf ref 1

Van Springel, Herman ref 1, ref 2

Van Steenbergen, Rik ref 1

Van Vliet, Teun ref 1

Vanderaerden, Eric ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Vasseur, Cédric ref 1

Vaughters, Jonathan ref 1

Vélo ref 1, ref 2

Ventoux, Mont ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Verbruggen, Hein ref 1

Verdun ref 1, ref 2

Verhaegen, Pé ref 1

Verstraeten, Aloi’s ref 1

Vervaecke, Félicien ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Vervaecke, Julien ref 1, ref 2

Vichy ref 1

Vicini ref 1, ref 2

Viejo, José-Luis ref 1

Vietto, René ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

Vigarello, Georges ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Ville, Maurice ref 1

villes-étapes ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Vinokourov, Alexander ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

Virenque, Richard ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13

and Festina scandal ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Virot, Alex ref 1

Voeckler, Thomas ref 1, ref 2

Voet, Willy ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Voigt, Jens ref 1

Wabst, Fernand ref 1

Wagner, René ref 1

Wagtmans, Marinus ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Wagtmans, Wout ref 1, ref 2

Walkowiak, Roger ref 1, ref 2

wins 1956 Tour ref 1, ref 2

Walsh, David ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

Wauters, Marc ref 1

Weber, Eugen ref 1, ref 2

Weltz, Johnny ref 1

white jersey ref 1, ref 2

Wiggins, Bradley ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15

knighthood ref 1

wins 2012 Tour ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Wilhelm II, Kaiser ref 1

Williams, Ted ref 1, ref 2

Winfrey, Oprah ref 1

Winterberg, Guido ref 1

Wolber ref 1

Wolf, Alfons de ref 1

Wood, Bev ref 1

Yates, Sean ref 1

yellow jersey ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Zaaf, Abdel-Kader ref 1

Zabel, Erik ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

Zabriskie, David ref 1

Zilioli, Iyalo ref 1

Zimmermann, Urs ref 1

Zoetemelk, Joop ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

wins 1980 Tour ref 1

Zülle, Alex ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

Index