INDEX

A-26 Invader aircraft

Abe, Shinzo

Abhar, Samir Ibrahim

Abu Ghraib

Academy of Nuclear Physics, Chinese

Academy of Sciences, Chinese

Academy of Sciences, North Korean

Academy of Sciences, Soviet

ACDA, see Arms Control and Disarmament Agency

Acheson, Dean

Adana air base

Ad Hoc Committee on Atomic Energy

Ad Hoc Requirements Committee

Advanced Research Projects Agency

Advani, Lal Krishna

Advena, see Armscor

AEB, see Atomic Energy Board Afghanistan, war in

AFMSW-1, see Special Weapons Group, Section One, U.S. Air Force

AFOAT-1, see Air Force Deputy Chief of Operations, Atomic Energy Office, Section 1

African National Congress

AFTAC, see Air Force Technical Applications Center

Aghazadeh, Gholamreza

Agnew, Harold

Agni missiles

Agudzheri

Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud

Ahmad, Sultan Hashim

Ahmed Hussein

Ailleret, Charles

Air Force, U.S.

Foreign Technology Division of

Security Service of

6th Bomb Wing of

Special Weather Unit

see also Army Air Force, U.S.

Air Force Deputy Chief of Staff Operations, Atomic Energy Office, Section 1 (AFOAT-1)

Atomic Energy Detection System of

Data Analysis Center of

Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC)

Air Staff, see Army Air Force Air-Warfare and Defence Committee, British

Air Weather Service (AWS), U.S.

Akashat mine

Akashi, Yasushi

Al-Abbas missiles

Alamogordo Army Air Field

“Alarm Clock” bomb

Al Atheer

Alba, Carmelo V.

al-Bashir nuclear acquisition program

Alberts, Louw

Albright, David

Aldebaran nuclear test

Aldérmaston

Alert see Vela Alert

Alewine, Ralph

Al Fatah University

Al Furat

Algeria

and Evian Agreement

Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN)

Al Hateen

Ali, Majid Hussein

Alikhanov, A. I.

Al Jazirah

Allen, Charlie

Allier, Jacques

All-India Radio

Allison, Samuel K.

Almelo

Al Musayyib

Al-Qaida

Al Qaim

Al Rabiyah

Alsop, Stewart

Alsos unit

Al Tahadi facility

Altshuler, Lev

aluminum tubes, Iraqi acquisition of

Alvarez, Luis W.

Amaldi, Edoardo

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Ames, Aldrich

AN 11 bomb

AN 52 warhead

Anatov-32 aircraft

Angarsk

Angola

antiballistic missile treaty

Aquatone development project

Arafat, Yasser

Arak facility

Area

Arecibo Observatory

Argentina:

Libyan nuclear program aided by

nuclear fuel and equipment sold to Iran by

and uranium sales to Israel

Armament Research and Manufacturing Directorate, French

Armed Forces Security Agency, U.S.

Armed Forces Special Weapons Project

Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA)

Armscor (Armaments Corporation)

Kentron/Advena plants of

arms race, see nuclear arms race

Army, U.S.:

Air Force Air Weather Service of, see Air Weather Service

Fifth

G-2

1279th Engineer Combat Battalion of

75th Exploitation Task Force of

Army Air Force, U.S.

see also Air Force, U.S.

Army Ordnance department, German

Army Weapons Office of

takeover of Uranium Club by

Army Security Agency, U.S.

Army Signal Corps

Arneson, Gordon

Artsimovich, Lev

Arzamas-16

Ash Sharqat

ASMP missiles

Aspara reactor

assassination, considered to inhibit German nuclear program

Atlas-Agena D boosters

Atlas Centaur rocket

Atmosphere Explorer satellites

“atomic blackmail,”

Atomic Detection System Alerts

Atomic Energy Board (AEB)

Atomic Energy Commission, Egyptian

Atomic Energy Commission, French, see Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique

Atomic Energy Commission, Indian

Atomic Energy Commission, Iraqi

Atomic Energy Commission, U.S.

establishment of

Savannah River Laboratory of

Atomic Energy Corporation, South Africa

Atomic Energy Council, Taiwanese

Atomic Energy Detection System

Atomic Energy Organization of Iran

Atsugi Air Basen

Auer Company, uranium project links of

Auger, Pierre

Augustine, Reginald

Australia

Australian Security Intelligence Organization

as nuclear test site

Austria

Avangard Electromechanical Plant

Aziz, Tariq

Azusa cables

B-29 aircraft

B-36 aircraft

B-52 aircraft

B-57A aircraft

B-57 aircraft

Babylon, Operation

Bagge, Erich

Baghalchor mines

Bainbridge, Kenneth T.

Baker, James A.

Bank Sepah

Banque National de Paris

Baotou Nuclear Fuel Component Plant (Plant 202)

Barasch, Guy

Barbour, Walworth

BARC, see Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

Barnaby, Frank

Bartholomew, Reginald

BBC China ship

Bear bombers, Soviet

Becker, Erwin

Beersheba, see Dimona

Beg, Mirza Aslam

Begin, Menachem

Behnke, Richard

Beijing Nuclear Weapons Research Institute

Belgium:

Libyan nuclear program aid canceled by

Union Miniére refinery in

urged not to aid Taiwanese nuclear program

Ben-Gurion, David

and Israeli nuclear program

Bequeath monitoring program

Berg, Morris “Moe,”

Berger, Sandy

Bergmann, Ernst David

Beria, Lavrenti

Berlin

Berman, Alann

Bernardini, Gilberto

Bethe, Hans

Bethe Panel

Bhabha, Homi

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)

Bhatnagar, S. S.

Bhutto, Benazir

Bhutto, Zulkifar Ali

“Big Bomb,”

Billaud, Pierren

Bissell, Clayton L.

Bissell, Richard

BJP, see Bharatiya Janata Party

“Black Cat” squadron

Black Knight program

Blair, Tony

Blake, Robert W.

Blix, Hans

Blueboy, Operation

Bohr, Neils

Bolton, John

Booth, Larry

Bormann, Martin

Born, Max

Borodino, Operation

Boskop test range

Botha, Pieter Willem

Botha, Roelof F.

Bothe, Walter

at uranium project meeting

Bourges-Maunoury, Maurice

Bowles, Chester

Bo Yibo

Bradley, Omar

Brasstacks, Operation

Brazil

Brezhnev, Leonid

Brill, Kenneth

Brokaw, Tom

Brown, Harold

Brugioni, Dino

Bruno, Dan

Brzezinski, Zbigniew

Buchalet, Albert

Buckley Air Force Base

Bulganin, Nikolai

Bulletin of Atomic Scientists

Bundy, McGeorge

Bundy, William

Bunn, Michael

Burba, Elisabetta

Bureau of Architectural Technology, Chinese

Bureau of General Studies, French, see Military Applications Directorate

Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR)

Burning Light missions

Bush, George H. W.

Bush, George W.

Bush, Vannevar

Bushehr facility

Buzzard Delta (code name)

C-130 aircraft

Cabell, Charles

Cabinet Defense and Security Committee, Norwegian

Cairncross, John

Calvert, Horace K. “Tony,”

Cambone, Stephen

Canada:

atomic research of

Indian nuclear program aided by

Pakistan nuclear reactor provided by

Soviet espionage in

Taiwan nuclear reactor provided by

Canopus French thermonuclear test

Cape Kennedy (Cape Canaveral)

Carayol, Michel

Carter, Jimmyn

Carter, Marshall

Casey, William J.

Castle Air Force Base

Castro, Fidel

CEA, see Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Central Intelligence Bulletin of

Current Intelligence Weekly Summary of

Directorate of Intelligence of

espionage at

Nonproliferation Center of

Nuclear Energy Branch of

Office of Scientific and Weapons Research

Office of Technical Service and Crime and Narcotics Center

Science and Weapons Review

signed into law

U-2 program and

Central Intelligence Group (CIG)

see also CIA

Central Special Commission, Chinese

Centre d’études de Bruyere-le-Chatel

Centre d’études de Vaujours

Centre d’Expérimentations du Pacific

Chalabi, Ahmed

Challe, Maurice

Chamberlain, Donald

Chang, Bill

Chang, Jack

Chang Hsien-Yi

Chang Mun Son

Chanson, Paul

Charbatia

Chashma

Chatillon, see Fort de Chatillon

Chaung, Jenliang “Spike,”

Chelyabinsk-40

Plant A plutonium production reactor at

Plant B separation facility at

Plant V metallurgical plant at

Chelyabinsk-70

Cheney, Dick

Cheng, Victor

Cheng Kaijia

Chen Nengkuan

Chenxian mine

Chen Yu

Cherbonneaux, James

Chiang Ching-kuo

Chiang Kai-shek

Chicago, University of, see Metallurgical Laboratory

Chidambaram, Rajagopala

Chief Intelligence Directorate (GRU)

Chien Chi-Peng

China

Iraqi nuclear program aided by

Libyan nuclear aid refused by

Nationalist, see Taiwan

North Korean nuclear program aided by

and nuclear aid to Iran

and nuclear test ban

Pakistani nuclear program aided by

Soviet relations with

U.S. exchange and contact with

China, nuclear program of

creating infrastructure for

and first bomb detonation

“596” as first bomb in

French aid to

H-bomb in

key nuclear facilities in

proposed strikes on

psychological impact of

search for test site for

Soviet aid to

and theft of W88 warhead plans

“Third Line” program of

02 as code name for

Chirac, Jacques

Christopher, Warren

Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology, Taiwanese

CIA-NSA Special Collection Service

CIG, see Central Intelligence Group

Cirincione, Josephn

CIRUS reactor

Clark, Mark

Clark Air Force Base

Clear Sky, Project

Cline, Ray

Clinton, Bill

Clusius, Klaus

Coast and Geodetic Survey

Cohen, Karl

Cohen, Sam

Colby, Walter F.

Colby, William

Cold War

Combined Development Trust

COMINT, see military communications intelligence

COMIREX, see Committee for Imagery Requirements and Exploitation

Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA)

Military Applications Directorate of

see also Saclay Nuclear Research Center

Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction

Committee for Imagery Requirements and Exploitation (COMIREX)

Committee on Overhead Reconnaissance (COMOR)

Committee on Special Armaments, French

Communications Intelligence Board, U.S.

Communist Party, Chinese

Communist Party, North Korean

Communist Party, Soviet

Communist Party, Vietnamese

Compton, Arthur H.

computers

Conant, James

Constant Phoenix mission

contamination, see nuclear contamination

Cook, Richard

Cook, Williamn

Corn, James T.

Corona reconnaissance systemnn

see also satellites

Corpus Christi, USNS

Cosmos reconnaissance system

see also satellites

Council on Foreign Nuclear Policy, French

Council on Foreign Relations

Couve de Murville, Maurice

Coverdale, Garrison B.

Cox, Christopher

Craig, John R.

Croach, Jesse William, Jr.

Crock Pot monitoring station

Crossroads, Operation

cruise missiles

Crystal reconnaissance system

see also Kennan reconnaissance system; satellites

Cuba

Culler, Floyd L.

Czechoslovakia, uranium mines in

see also Joachimsthal uranium mines

Czech Republic, and nuclear aid to Iran

Dagens, Luc

Dale, William N.

Daniel, Robert

Dassault, Bloch

Dassault, Marcel

Dassault Aviation

Dastidar, Pranab Revati

Dautry, Raoul

Davis Monthan Air Force Base

Dawn Star acoustic network

Dayton, Keith

Dean, Edgar P.

Debré, Michel

Debye, Peter

de Courlon, Jacques

defectors

Operation Dragon and

as sources of intelligence

Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO)

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

Defense Communications Electronics Evaluation and Testing Activity (Defense CEETA)

Defense Department, U.S.

Foreign Intelligence Section of

Research and Development Board of

Defense HUMINT Service (DHS)

Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DSMP)

Defense Ministry, Russian

Defense Ministry, South Korean

Defense Nuclear Agency, U.S.

Defense Support Program (DSP), surveillance system

Flight 6 and 7 of

see also satellites

de Gaulle, Charles

Degelen Mountains test site

De Grasse naval vessel

Degussa

Deibner, Kurt

de Klerk, Frederik Willem

de la Billiere, Peter

Deng Jiaxian

Denney, George, Jr.

denuclearization:

and “Joint Declaration for a Non-Nuclear Korean Peninsula,”

of North Korea

of South Africa

and South-North Joint Nuclear Control Committee

Dera Ghazi Khan

Desai, Morarji

Desert Fox, Operation

Desert Storm, Operation

de Shalit, Amos

Design Bureau-11, see KB-11

de Silva, Peer

Detachment C

detection of long-range bomb testing, see long-range detection

De Trani, Joseph

Deutch, John

de Villiers, J. Wynand

de Wet, Carel

DF-2 missiles

DGSE (General Directorate for External Security), French

Dhar, P. N.

DIA, see Defense Intelligence Agency

Dial Flower atmospheric data collection

Diebner, Kurt

Die Naturwissenschaften (The Natural Sciences)

Dietrich, Gary D.

Dimonann

Beersheba as name for

Negev Nuclear Research Facility as

Directorate of Operations Counterproliferation Division (CPD)

Directorate of Tube Alloys, British

Director of Central Intelligence (DCI)

Director of National Intelligence (DNI)

Dix, Howard W.

DMSP

Dobrynin, Anatoli

Dolon airfield

Donn, William

Donovan, William “Wild Bill,”

Dorabji Tata Trust

Dorn, David

Doron, Ami

Do Sang Rok

Dostrovsky, Israel

Douglas A-26 bomber

Dragon, Operation

DRDO, see Defence Research and Development Organization, Indian

Drell, Sidney

Dry Enterprise, Operation

DSMP, see Defense Meteorological Satellite Program

DSP, see Defense Support Program

Dubna Integrated Atomic Nuclear Institute

Duckett, Carl

Duelfer, Charles A.

Dulles, Allen

Dulles, John Foster

Duncan, Lewis

DuPont

Durbin, Richard

Durnovstev, Andrei

Eagleburger, Lawrence

East Germany

see also Germany

Eden, Anthony

Edwards Air Force Base

Egypt

Eielson Air Force Base

Eifler, Carl

8 Engineer Regiment, Indian

Einhorn, Robert J.

Einsel, David

Einstein, Albert

Eisenhower, Dwight D.

and nuclear test moratorium

Ekeus, Rolf

EL-1, see ZOE reactor

EL-3

ElBaradei, Mohamed

Elektricheskiye Stantsii journal

Elektrostal

ELF (extremely low frequency)

Ellsberg, Daniel

Emel, William A.

Emelyanov, V. S.

EMET, see Research and Planning Division

Energy Department, U.S.

Iraq Task Force of

Enormoz intelligence program

Erbil

Esau, Abraham

Esfahan Nuclear Technology Center

Eshkol, Levi

EU-3

Evans, Gareth

Evernden, Jack

Evian agreement

Ewing, W. Maurice

F-6 satellite reconnaissance

F-7 satellite reconnaissance

F-16 aircraft

Fairchild Air Force Base

fallout:

nuclear

see also nuclear contamination

Fallujah

Fangataufa test site

Farley, Philip J.

FARS news agency

FBI

FDO, see Physical Dynamics Research Laboratory

Feklisov, Aleksandr S.

Fermi, Enrico

Fernandes, Georges

Fialka, John

Fili airframe plant

Finch, Lawrence

Fingar, Thomas

Finletter, Thomas

First Army Operational Intelligence Service, French

First Lightning (Pervaya Molniya) Soviet atomic test

Fitzwilliam, Operation

55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing

58 Engineer Regiment, Indian

596 bomb, Chinese

Fleischer, Ari

Fleischmann, Rudolf

Flerov, Georgi

Flower neutron initiator

Flute, see Paul Scherrer

Ford, Gerald R.

Foreign Intelligence Section, see Defense Department, U.S.

Foreign Office, British

Foreign Weapons Evaluation Panel, see Bethe Panel

Forrestal, James

Fort, Randall M.

Fort de Chatillon

Foster, John

469th Strategic Intelligence Research and Analysis Team

France

Chinese nuclear program aided by

diplomatic efforts with Iran by

Indian nuclear program aided by

Iraqi reactors and uranium supplied by

Israel and objections to Iraqi nuclear program aid from

Israeli nuclear program aided by

nuclear equipment sales to Libya blocked by

as nuclear power

as nuclear target

and nuclear test ban treaty

Pakistani nuclear program aided by

Taiwan nuclear program aided by

France, nuclear program of

aerial reconnaissance of

Dial Flower surveillance of

Evian Agreement and

first atomic detonations in

first thermonuclear test in

German scientists and

H-bomb in

implosion device and

at Le Bouchet

and neutron bombn

Nice Dog surveillance of

Pacific testing by

Pock Mark surveillance of

Rigel test and

Rubis test and

Saphir/Monique test and

search for test sites in

selling of secrets and

as status symbol

and test moratorium

U.S. monitoring of

West Germany and

Franck, James

Frenkel, Yakov

Friedman, Abraham

Friedman, Herbert

Frisch, Otto

Fuchs, Klaus

Funk, Gerald

Furman, Robert

German bomb research indicators of

and Oppenheimer

Furnas, Howard

G-1 reactor

Gaillard, Felix

Galileo Company

Gallucci, Robertnn

Gambit reconnaissance system

see also satellites

Gandhi, Indira

Ganguly, C.

Garthoff, Raymond

Garwin, Richardn

Gates, Robert

Gati, Tobi

Gattiker, David

Geiger, Hans

G8

Gellmann, Murray

Gemel, Hemed

General Electric

Gentner, Ernst Wolfgang

Gentry, John A.

Geological Survey, U.S.

Gerasimov, Vladimir

Gerboise French nuclear tests

Gerhardt, Dieter

Gerlach, Walther

German Cultural Institute

Germany

Germany, Nazi

invasion of Soviet Union by

and nuclear equipment to Iran

and race for atomic bomb

see also East Germany; West Germany

Germany, Nazi, nuclear program of

Allied bombing disruption of

Alsos investigation into

assassination as tactic to inhibit

kidnapping as tactic to inhibit

misinformation as concealment tactic

as secret weapon

Soviet use of scientists from

warning signs of

Gershwin, Lawrence

Gertz, Bill

Gestapo

Ghauri missiles

Giacconni, Ricardo

Gibbs, Jack

Ginzburg, Vitali

Glenn, John

Gleysteen, William H., Jr.

Global Positioning System (GPS)

globalsecurity.org

Goering, Hermann

Goheen, Robert

Goldschmidt, Bertrand

Goldwater, Barry

Golra

Gomberg, Henry

Goodman, John

Goodyear Atomic Corporation

Googin, John

Gorbachev, Mikhail

Gordon, William

Goudsmit, Samuel A.

Gouriqua

GPS (global positioning system)

Graham, Bob

Graham, Daniel O.

Great Britain

atomic research and

diplomatic efforts with Iran by

intelligence efforts by

long-range detection of nuclear development and

as nuclear power

as nuclear target

nuclear test ban and

Royal Air Force of

Soviet espionage in

transfer of heavy water to

transfer of uranium to

work on atomic bomb by

Green, Marshall

Green Book (Qadhafi)

Greenglass, David

Greenhouse operation

Greenpeace

Gromyko, Andrei

Groth, Wilhelm

Groves, Leslie

and Trinity

GRU, see Chief Intelligence Directorate

Gueron, Jules

Guerrero, Oscar

Guillaumat, Pierre

Gulf War

gun bomb, uranium, see uranium gun bomb

Guo Yonghuai

Ha’aretz

Habibou, Abele

Hadad, Naim

Hadden, John

Hades tactical missiles

Hadley, Stephen J.

Hagengruber, Roger

Hahn, Otto

capture of

Speer briefing by

Tag as code name for

Haig, Alexander

Halban, Hans

Hall, Theodore

Hamza, Khidir

Hanford Engineer Works

Han In Suk

Hanle, Wilhelm

Harborage, Operation

Harel, Isser

Harman, Avraham

Harriman, Averell

Harrison, Eugene

Harrison, Selig

Hart, Howard

Harteck, Paul

capture of

Speer briefings by

Hassan, Faleh

Hawking, Stephen

Hawkins, Houston T. “Terry,”

H-bomb:

atomic bomb vs.

development of, see specific countries

as “Super,”

Hechingen

Hecker, Siegfried

Heereswaffenamt (Army Weapons Office), see Army Ordnance department

Hegenberger, Albert F.

Heiberg, Werner

Heisenberg, Werner

as assassination/kidnapping target

capture of

as intelligence target

report on nuclear fission by

Speer briefing by

Uranium Club and

at uranium project meeting

Helfrich, Gerald

Helliwell, Robert A.

Helms, Richardn

Henderson, Michael

Henderson Field

Hengyang Uranium Hydrometallurgy Plant (Plant 414)

Henson, Bobby

Heritage sensor system

Hermoni, Avraham

Herrin, Eugene

Hersh, Seymour

Herter, Christian

Hertz, Gustav Ludwig

Heusser, Roger K.

Hexagon reconnaissance system

see also satellites

Hickham Air Force Base

Hill, Christopher

Hillenkoetter, Roscoe

Himmler, Heinrich

Hinton, Dean

Hitler, Adolf

Hofi, Yitzhak

Ho Jin Yun

Holum, John

Honduras

Hong-6 aircraft

Hoover, Herbert

Horak, Henry G.

Hot Laboratory, Taiwanese

Houck, Frank S.

Hounam, Peter

House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence

Houtermans, Fritz

Howard, William F.

Hoybuktmoen monitoring station

Hsia Hsin

“Hsin Chu” nuclear development program

Hsu Cho-yun

Huang Zuqia

Hua Tianqiang

Hubert, Lester

Hughes, Thomas

HUMINT (human intelligence)

Hummel, Arthur

Hungnam mines

Huntsville, USNS

Hu Renyu

Hu Side

Hussein, Qusay

Hussein, Saddam

Hussein, Uday

Hwang Jang Yop

hydrogen bomb, see H-bomb

Hyland, William

IAEA, see International Atomic Energy Agency

IAEC, see Israeli Atomic Energy Commission

IBM PS/2 computers

Icarus Soviet defector

ICBMs

and “missile gap,” 128

IDF, see Israeli Defense Forces

Idris, King of Libya

I. G. Farben

I-Gnat drone reconnaissance

Ikonos satellite system

Ilyushin aircraft

implosion bomb, plutonium, see plutonium implosion bomb

Incirlik Air Base

India

Atomic Energy Commission of

Atomic Energy Research Committee

Libyan nuclear aid refused by

and nuclear aid to Iran

and nuclear test ban treaty

Operation Brasstacks of

and race for atomic bomb

vs. Pakistan

India, nuclear program of

announcement of

Canadian aid to

as domestic secret

first test detonation in

Flower neutron initiator in

French aid to

H-bomb in

implosion device and

lack of U.S. intelligence on

mine shafts used in

Norwegian aid to

as nuclear deterrent

Operation Dry Enterprise in

as Operation Shatki

as reaction to China

as reaction to Pakistan

Smiling Buddha code name in

as status symbol

Swedish aid to

Taj Mahal code name in

U.S. aid to

U.S. efforts to discourage

West German aid to

see also Pokhran

Indian Aviation Research Centre

Inglis, Thomas

INR, see Bureau of Intelligence and Research

Institut A

Institute for Intelligence and Special Tasks, Israeli, see Mossad

Institute of Atomic Energy, Chinese

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese

Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER)

Institute of Nuclear Science, New Zealand

Institute of Nuclear Science and Techniques, French, see Saclay Nuclear Research Center

Institute of Technology, Israeli, see Technion

Institut G

intelligence, U.S.:

beginnings of

defectors as source for

and failure in spying on Iran’s nuclear program

and failure to predict first Soviet bomb test

friction between agencies of

gap in nuclear

and monitoring of Soviet communications

North Korea’s nuclear program investigated by

organization of

POWs as sources for

refugees, as sources for

stolen Iranian laptop and

see also specific agencies

Intelligence Community Staff, U.S.

Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (2004)

Interagency Intelligence Working Group on Nuclear Proliferation

Interatom

intercontinental ballistic missiles, see ICBMs

International Atomic Energy Agency

inspections of Iranian facilities by

inspections of Iraqi facilities by

inspections of North Korean facilities by

see also UN

International Data Center

International Technology Division (ITD), see Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory

Ioffe, Abram

Iran

National Council of Resistance of

Parliament of

Supreme Cultural Revolution Council of

Iran, nuclear program of

Argentine nuclear fuel and equipment to

and attempt to buy Kazakhstan uranium

Chinese aid to

Czech equipment sales to

diplomatic efforts to end

German nuclear equipment imported to

IAEA’s inspections and

Indian equipment sales to

as nuclear deterrent

Russian aid to

and Sapphire operation

stolen laptop and

uranium enrichment program of

U.S. efforts to discourage

Iran-Iraq war

Iraq

and biological weapons

and Desert Storm

hunt for WMDs in

IAEA inspections in

and nuclear nonproliferation

U.S. intelligence’s lack of understanding of

Iraq, nuclear program of

as al-Bashir project

aluminum tube acquisition in

Austrian equipment purchased for

Brazilian construction aid to

Chinese aid to

coercion in recruiting for

computers and

foreign aid to

French aid to

H-bomb in

implosion device in

Indian refusal of aid to

Israeli objections and air strike on

Italian aid to

Japanese aid to

Niger aid to

and Operation Desert Fox

Pakistani aid in

satellite surveillance of

as “silver bullet” against U.S.

and Sodash project

Soviet aid to

Spanish aid to

U.S. aid to

West German aid to

Yugoslav aid to

see also Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center

Iraqi Petroleum Corporation

Iraq Survey Group (ISG)

Ireland, S. Leslie

Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps

Ismail, Ra’ad

ISNA news agency

Israeln

air strike on Iraq by

and nuclear nonproliferation

and nuclear test ban treaty

objections to Iraqi nuclear aid from France by

Operation Babylon and

as responsible for Vela Alert

and Scorch Sword

Israel, nuclear program of

Argentine uranium sales and

French aid to

inspections of facilities in

and Machon

Mossad theft of uranium and

and neutron bomb

Norwegian aid to

and Operation Phoenix

South African cooperation in

and thermonuclear weapons

U.S. aid to

U.S. diplomatic efforts and

U.S. intelligence on

and Vanunu revelations

Vela Alert 747 and

Israeli Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC)

Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)

Italy:

intelligence services of

Iraqi nuclear program aided by

scientists in

Itazuke Air Base

Iyengar, P. K.

JAEIC, see Joint Atomic Energy Intelligence Committee

Jaffar, Dhia Jaffar

Jaguar A aircraft

Jalloud, Abdul

Jannuzi, Frank

Jansen, C. R.

Japan

aid to Iraq of

aid to North Korea of

and nuclear factory in Taiwan

as nuclear target

Japanese Radio Research Laboratory

JASON group

JCAE, see Joint Committee on Atomic Energy

JCS, see Joint Chiefs of Staff

Jensen, Peter

Jeremiah, David

Jericho aircraft

Jesira, see Mosul

Jha, N. N.

Jindalee radar installation

Jiuquan

Atomic Energy Joint Enterprise (Plant 404) at

Nuclear Component Manufacturing Plant at

Nuclear Fuel Processing Plant at

JNEIC, see Joint Nuclear Energy Intelligence Committee

Joachimsthal uranium mines

see also Czechoslovakia, uranium mines in

“Joe” Soviet bomb series

see also RDS Soviet bomb series

Johnson, Ellis A.

and interim radiological detection system

Johnson, Gerald

Johnson, Kelly

Johnson, Louis

Johnson, Lyndon Baines

Johnson, Robert

Joint Atomic Energy Intelligence Committee (JAEIC)

Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS)

Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (JCAE)

“Joint Declaration for a Non-Nuclear Korean Peninsula,”

Joint Intelligence Bureau, New Zealand

Joint Nuclear Energy Intelligence Committee (JNEIC)

Joint Research and Development Board

Joliot-Curie, Frédéric

and CEA

as Communist

Nazi research financing of

search for

and selling of atomic secrets

Joliot-Curie, Irène

and selling of atomic secrets

Jones, Frederick

Jones, R. V.

Joos, George

Joseph, Robert

Jumpseat spacecraft

Kadena Air Base

Kahutan

Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Biology and Virus Research, “Virus House” at

Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry

Allied bombing of

Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research

Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Physics

destruction of

moved in part to Hechingen

Kaiser-Wilhelm Society

Harnack House of

Kakodkar, Anil

Kalahari test site

Kalam, A. P. J. Abdul

Kaliningrad missile plant

Kamel, Hussein

Kamel, Saddam

Kang Sok-ju

Kantar, Arnold L.

Kapitza, Peter

Karachi

Katzenbach, Nicholas

Kay, David

Ramrod code name for

Kazakhstan

KB-11

KC-135 aircraft

Keeny, Spurgeon

Kefirstadt, see Verkh Nevyinsk

Keita, Mobido

Keitel, Wilhelm

Kelly, Frank

Kelly, James

Kendall, Douglas

Kennan reconnaissance system

see also satellites

Kennedy, John F.

Kennedy, Richard T.

Kent, Sherman

Kentron, see Armscor

Kerguelen Islandsn

Kerr, Richard

Keyhole-1, see KH satellite reconnaissance

Keyworth II, George A. “Jay,”

KGB

Khadduri, Imad

Khan, Abdul Qadeer

Khan, Ghulam Ishaq

Khan, Munir Ahmed

Khan, Yahya

Khariton, Yuli

Kharrazai, Kamal

Khatami, Mohammad

Khimki rocket engine plant

Khlopin, Vitali

Khrushchev, Nikita

KH satellite reconnaissancen

see also satellites

Kidder, Ray E.

Kilju, North Korea

Killian, James

Kimball, Daryl

Kimch’aek

Kim Dal Hyon

Kim Il Sung

Kim Jong Il

Kim Kye-gwan

Kim Yong Nam

Kindred Spirit Analysis Group

King, Peter

Kissinger, Henry

Kitner, Edwin

Knutson, Marty

Konstantinov, Boris

Korea

see also North Korea; South Korea

Korea Earthquake Research Center

Korean Peninsula Energy Development Corporation (KEDO)

Korean War

Korsching, Horst

Kowarski, Lew

Kozyrev, Andrei V.

Kramish, Arnold

Krasnoyarsk-26, plutonium production facility at

Krebs, Adolf

Kremlev, see Arzamas-16

Kreykes, Jon A.

Krishnan, K. S.

Kroeck, Richard

Krueger, Philip G.

Krupnikov, K. K.

Kuhn, Loeb, and Company

Kuhn, Richard

Kuhn, Werner

Kumchang-ri

Kurchatov, Igor

Kusong

Kuwait

Iraqi invasion of

see also Gulf War

Kux, Dennisn

Kyshtym

Laboratory No. 2

Laboratory No. 4, see Machon

Labusov, Boris

La Crouzille mines

Lahore Air Base

LAKAM, see Science Liaison Bureau

Lally, Rick

Lance missiles

Land, Edwin

Landry, John

Landsat earth resources satellites

Langer, Alois

Lansdale, John

Lanyard reconnaissance system

Lanzhou Gaseous Diffusion Plant

L’Arcouest, France

Larijani, Ali

Larson Air Force Base

Larson project

Latter, Albert

Latter, Richard

Lauder, John A.

Laurence, William, L.

Lavisan-Shian Physics Research Center

Lavon, Pinhas

Lavon affair

Lavrov, Sergey V.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

rivalry with Los Alamos of

see also Z Division

“Layer Cake” bomb

Leahy, William D.

Le Bouchet

Ledford, Jack

Leeb, Emil

Lee Sung Ki

Lee Teng-hui

LeMay, Curtis

Lewis, John

Libya

nuclear acquisitions of

and nuclear nonproliferation

nuclear program of

and offer of bounty for bomb

as remote detection site

Licorne (code name)

Li Jue

Lilienthal, David

Lilley, James

Linde Ice Machine Company

L’Inflexible

Lipkin, Zvi

Li Siguang

Li Song Hwan

“Little Boy,”

Liu Jie

Liu Xiyao

Li Yong Song

Li Yu-Hao

Li Zhaoxing

Lloyd, Selwyn

Lockhart, Joe

Lockhart, Luther

Lo Jui-ching

London Sunday Times

long-range detection

Atomic Detection System Alert and

Bequeath and

Bismuth and

Dial Flower operations in

first Chinese bomb and

first Soviet bomb and

Great Britain and

I-Gnat drones and

and interim radiological system

and Long-Range Detection Committee

Nice Dog operations in

Nocturnal and

Olympic Race missions in

Operation Blueboy and

Operation Fitzwilliam and

Pock Mark operations in

Pot Luck operations in

Predator drones and

Project Mogul and

Project Rainbarrel and

Project Rockpile and

and search for international monitoring stations for

seismic means of

sonic means of

Speedlight and

Tracerlab and

Whitesmith and

see also Burning Light missions; satellites; specific surveillance systems

Loofbourow, Frédérick Read

“Look” magazine

Loon Charlie flights

Lop Nur Nuclear Weapons Test Basen

as ground zero

Lorrain, Jean

Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory

espionage at

International Technology Division (ITD) of

rivalry with Lawrence Livermore Lab of

Loulan

Lowenhaupt, Henry S.

U-2 reconnaissance and

Lukasik, Steve

Lundahl, Arthur

Lung Tan facility

Luse, Keith

M1 missile

M2 missile

M4 submarine

M5 missiles

M-11 missiles

M20 missile

M45 missiles

McCartor, Trella

McClellan Air Force Base

McClelland, Clyde L.

McCloskey, Robert

McConaughy, Walter

McCone, John

McCullen, John D.

McDuffy, Marcellus

McGhee, George

Macao bank

Machle, Willard

Machon

Machta, Lester

McKeon, Frank

McLaughlin, John

Maclean, Donald

Macmillan, Harold

McNally, Jamesn

McNamara, Robert

Madras atomic power project

Magee, John

Mahmud, Salah Abud

Makins, Christopher

Malan, Magnus

Malan test site

Malyshev, Viacheslav

Manchuria

Mandela, Nelson

Manga, Mai

Manhattan Engineer District (MED)

see also Foreign Intelligence Section

Manhattan Project

see also Trinity

Mansfield, John E.

Mao Tse-tungn

Marcoule

Marcum, John

Marion Islands test site

Marshall, George C.

Martinez, Paolo

Martin Model-294 aircraft

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Mauth, Gary H.

May, Allan Nunn

Mayaki, Ibrahim

Mayli-Say

MED, see Manhattan Engineer District

Meitner, Lise

Mendès-France, Pierre

Mentzel, Rudolph

Mercury signals intelligence satellites

see also satellites

Meshad, Yehya al-

Metallurgical Laboratory (Met Lab)

Mikhailov, Viktor

Military Applications Directorate

military communications intelligence (COMINT)

Millikin, Eugene

Millon, Charles

Ministry of Defense, Israelin

Research and Planning Division (EMET) of

Ministry of Defense, Taiwan

Ministry of Geology, China

Ministry of Public Security, North Korea

Minuteman missiles

see also satellites

Mirage aircraft

Misawa Air Base

“missile gap,”

missiles:

antiballistic missile treaty and

antiballistic system of

and “missile gap,” 129n

see also specific missiles

Mission Research Corporation

Misty reconnaissance system

see also satellites

Mitterand, François

Mogul, Project

Møller, Frederik

Mollet, Guy

Montazeri, Hossein-Ali

Moore, Charles

Morocco, uranium oxide cache in

Morrison, Philip

German bomb research indicators of

Moscow Center 300, see Arzamas-16

Moscow State Institute of International Relations

Mossadn

raid on La Seyne-sur-Mer by

uranium theft by

Mosul

Mountain Seismic Station, see Semipalatinsk Experimental Proving Ground

Mouton, Wynand

Moynihan, Daniel Patrick

MR41 warhead

Muccio, John J.

Muckermann, Herman

Mukherjee, Pranab

Mulholland, Douglas P.

Müller, Herbert

Muller, Richard

Multan

Mumbai

Murthy, T. S.

Mururoa test site

French nuclear test at

Music monitoring program

MX missiles

Nag Chaudhuri, B. D.

Nagler, Kenneth

Namibia

Nangal

Nasser, Gamal Abdel

Nasser 81

rocket

Natanz

National Clandestine Service

National Commission on Terrorist Acts Upon the United States

National Council of Resistance of Iran

National Counterproliferation Center

National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA)

National Ground Intelligence Center (NGIC)

National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA)

National Institute for Defence Research, South Africa

National Intelligence Authority (NIA)

National Intelligence Council (NIC)

National Intelligence Survey (NIS)

National Monitoring Directorate, Iraq

National Party, South Africa

National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC)

National Radiation Laboratory, New Zealand

National Reconnaissance Office (NRO)

National Research Council, Canadian

National Security Agency (NSA)

National Security Council (NSC)

Nature (British journal)

Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)

Naval Scientific Research Test Range, Soviet, see Installation

Nazi Party

NC-135A aircraft

Nebi Rubin

NEC-750 computers

Ne’eman, Yuval

Negev Nuclear Research Center, see Dimona

Negroponte, John D.

Nehru, Jawaharlal

Nekrutkin, V. M.

Nelson, Morris

Nelson, William

neutron bombn

Newsom, David

Newsweek magazine

New York Times

New Zealand:

Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB) of

Institute of Nuclear Science of

Joint Intelligence Bureau of

National Radiation Laboratory of

NGA, see National Geospatial Intelligence Agency

Nice Dog operations

Nicholson, Edward L.

Nielsen, Dale

Nie Rongzhen

Niger

Libyan purchase of uranium from

Pakistan purchase of uranium from

NII-9, see Scientific Research Institute 9

NIMA, see National Imagery and Mapping Agency

Nimbus satellites

see also satellites

NIS, see National Intelligence Survey

Nixon, Richard M.

Nizhnyaya Tura

NKVD

Nobel Prizes

Noor, Fathi

Nordheim, Lothar W.

Nordyke, Milo D.

Norsk Hydro-Electric

Northeast Asian Cooperative Dialogue

North Korea

denuclearization of

disarmament talks with

as Hermit Kingdom

inspections of facilities in

and “Joint Declaration for a Non-Nuclear Peninsula,”

and nuclear nonproliferation

nuclear program of

and South-North Joint Nuclear Control Committee

testing of nuclear weapons by

North Korean Central News Agency

Northrup, Doyle

Northwest Nuclear Weapons Research and Design Authority

Norway

India’s heavy water supplied by

and nuclear aid to Israel

Vemork facility in

Novaya Zemlya

and suspected Russian bomb test

Novosibirsk aircraft facility

NPIC, see National Photographic Interpretation Center

NPT, see Treaty for the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons

NRL, see Naval Research Laboratory

NRO, see National Reconnaissance Office

NSC, see National Security Council

nuclear arms race:

“atomic blackmail” and

France vs. China

India vs. China

Soviet Union vs. West

see also nuclear nonproliferation

Nuclear Component Manufacturing Plant

nuclear contamination

see also fallout, nuclear

Nuclear Detonation Detection System (NDS)

Nuclear Energy Division, see OSI

nuclear fission

as basis for bomb

German research into

Soviet research into

Nuclear Intelligence Panel

nuclear nonproliferationn

Iran and

Iraq and

Israel and

Libya and

North Korea and

Pakistan and

South Africa and

strategic arms limitation treaty and

Taiwan and

see also CIA, Nonproliferation Center of; “Joint Declaration for a Non-Nuclear Korean Peninsula”; nuclear test ban

Nuclear Research Center, Iraq, see Tuwaitha

nuclear test ban

monitoring of

moratorium and

negotiations toward

provisions of 1963

signatories of

Threshold Test Ban Treaty of 1974 and

treaty for comprehensive

treaty for partial

see also nuclear nonproliferation; specific countries

Oakley, Phyllis

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Obeidi, Mahdi

O’Brien, B. J.

Ochsenbein, August

Oehler, Gordon

Office of Director of National Intelligence

Office of National Estimates

Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI)

Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)

Office of Scientific Intelligence (OSI)

Nuclear Energy Division of

Photographic Intelligence Center of

Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD)

Office of Special Operations

Office of Strategic Services (OSS)

Office of Weapons Intelligence

Offutt Air Force Basen

Ohio-class submarines

Okbah ibn Nafi Air Base

see also Wheelus Air Base

Olive Branch U-2 missions

Olympic Race monitoring missionsn

Omega VLF system

Omsk aircraft facility

113 Engineer Regiment, Indian

1279th Engineer Combat Battalion

Onyx reconnaissance system

see also satellites

Open Skies program

Oplinger, Gerald G.

Oppenheimer, J. Robert

German bomb research indicators of

and Manhattan Project

and meeting with Robert Furman

as suspected communist

Orbview-3 satellite

Organization of African Unity (OAU)

Orion signals intelligence satellites

see also satellites

Osan Air Base

Osiris reactor

see also Tammuz reactors

Owens-Kirkpatrick, Barbro

P-2V Neptune aircraft

Pabian, Frank

Pacific Command

PAEC, see Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

Pahad, Aziz

Pak Gilyon

Pakistan

Iraqi nuclear relationship with

Libyan nuclear program aided by

and nuclear aid to North Korea

and nuclear nonproliferation

vs. India

and war in Afghanistan

Pakistan, nuclear program of

Canadian reactor provided for

Chinese aid to

first test detonation in

implosion device and

Niger uranium sale to

as nuclear deterrent

Project 706 of

satellite surveillance of

and search for test site

West German aid to

see also Kahuta; Ras Koh test site

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC)

Pakistani Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH)

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

Panofsky, Wolfgang K.

Panorama magazine

Parchin military complex

Parmenter, William

Pash, Boris T.

Patrick Air Force Base, U.S.

Patterson, Robert

Pauli, Wolfgang

peaceful nuclear explosions (PNE) program

Peierls, Rudolf

Pelah, Israel

Pelindaba Nuclear Research Center

Peng Huanwu

Penkovskiy, Oleg

People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs, see NKVD

People’s Liberation Army, Chinese

Pereira, Fernando

Peres, Shimon

Perez de Cuellar, Juan

Perkovich, George

Perle, Richard

Perricos, Dimitri

Perrin, Francis

Perrin, Michael

Perry, William J.

Pervaya Molniya (First Lightning) Soviet atomic test

Pervez, Arshad Z.

Peshawar Air Base

Peterson, Allen

Peterson, Arthur V.

Petrochemical-3, see Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center

Petrzhak, Konstantin

Peyrefritte, Alain

Phantom F-4 aircraft

Phoenix separation facility

see also Trombay

Phoenix, Operation

Phoenix Project

Photographic Intelligence Center, see OSI

Physical Dynamics Research Laboratory (FDO)

Pickering, Thomas

Pierrelatte enrichment plant

Pillar, Paul

Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant

Pineau, Christian

PINSTECH, see Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology

Pioneer space probe

Plame, Valerie

Planck, Max

Plant A, see Chelyabinsk-40

Plant B, see Chelyabinsk-40

Plant V, see Chelyabinsk-40

Plant 2

Plant 4

Plant 202, see Baotou Nuclear Fuel Component Plant (Plant 202)

Plant 272

Plant 404, see Jiuquan, Atomic Energy Joint Enterprise (Plant 404)

Plant 414, see Hengyang Uranium Hydrometallurgy Plant (Plant 414)

Plant 551

Plant No. 4, see Machon 4

Pleat, George B.

Plowshare program

plutonium, vs. uranium in bombs

Plutonium Fuel Chemistry Laboratory

plutonium implosion bomb:

France and

India and

Iraq and

Pakistan and

South Africa and

Soviet Union and

at Trinity

Plutonium Reactor for Neutron Investigation in Multiple Assemblies

PNE, see peaceful nuclear explosions

Pock Mark monitoring missions

Pokhran

Pollard, Jonathan

Post, Richard St. F.

Pot Luck monitoring missions

Powell, Colin

Powell, Jody

Powers, Francis Gary

POWs, as sources of intelligence

Pratt, Manes

Predator drone reconnaissance

Press, Frank

Press panel

Primakov, Yvgeny

Prince Edward Island

Pritchard, Charles L. “Jack,”

Procyon French thermonuclear test

Project 706

P’unggye

Purnima

Putin, Vladimir

Pyongsan mines

Pyongyang

Qadhafi, Muammar

Qannadi, Mohammad

Qian Qichen

Qian Sanqiang

Qinggir

Qinghai weapons design bureau

Quemoy (Jinmen)

Rabi, Isidor I.

Rabin, Yitzhak

Raborn, William F.

Radiation Laboratory, at Berkeley

Radio Beijing

Raeder, Erich

RAFAEL Armament Development Authority

Rainbarrel, Project

Rainbow Warrior

Rainbow Warrior II

Rajasthan Atomic Power Station (RAPS)

Ramanna, Raja

Ramenskoye airfield

Ramon, Ilan

Ramona reports

RAND Corporation

Rand Daily Mail

Ranger, USS

Rao, Narasihma

RAPS, see Rajasthan Atomic Power Station

Rasgotra, Maharaja Krishna

Rashdiya

Ras Koh test site

Rathjens, George W.

Ratner, Jenka

Raviv, Dan

RB aircraft

RDS Soviet bomb series

Reagan, Ronald

Reber, James Q.

Recognizing Iran as a Strategic Threat: An Intelligence Challenge for the United States

Reconnaissance Squadrons

Red Wind intelligence network

Reeves, Charlie

refugees, as sources of intelligence

Reggane test site

Reichardt, Charles

Reiche, Fritz

Reich Research Council

Reid, Ogden

Remus, see Morris “Moe” Berg

Research and Analysis Wing, India

Research and Planning Division (EMET)

replaced by RAFAEL

Respondek, Erwin

“Revolt of the Generals, The,” 201

Revolutionary Guard Corps

Rhodes, Richard

Rhyolite signals intelligence satellites

see also satellites

Rice, Carl J.

Richardson, Bill

Richter, John

Rickover, Hyman

Riehl, Nikolaus

Rigel nuclear test

Ri Hong Sop

Riyadh

Rock, Donald

Rockefeller, Nelson

Rockpile, Project

Roddis, Louis, Jr.

Roddis, Louis H.

Rodenhauser, Jermain R.

Rogers, William

Roh Moo Hyun

Rometsch, Rudolf

Rooney, John

Roosevelt, Franklin D.

Rosbaud, Paul

Ross, Arnold

Rostow, Walter

Rouhani, Hassan

Roux, A. J. A.

Rowen, Harry

Roy, J. Stapleton

Roy, P. R.

Royall, Kenneth C.

Rubin, Jamie

Rubis nuclear test

Ruhnke, Lothar H.

Ruina, Jack

Rumsfeld, Donald

Rusinov, Lev

Rusk, Dean

Russia

Defense Ministry of

Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) of

and nuclear aid to Iran

nuclear program of

as Soviet successor state

see also Soviet Union

Rust, Bernhard

Ryder, Thomas S.

Rygge Air Base

SA-2 missiles

Saadi, Amir Hammoudi al-

SAC

Saclay Nuclear Research Center

Saeed al-Haideri, Adnan Ihsan

Saeedi, Mohammad

Safari reactor

Saguy, Yehoshua

Sahara Desert:

and Evian Agreement

as nuclear test site

Sahhaf, Mohammed Saeed

Said, Khalid Ibrahim

Saint Gobain Nucléaire (SGN)

Sakharov, Andrei

“Layer Cake” bomb concept of

Saldanha naval facility

Samore, Gary

Sandia Corporation

Sandia National Laboratories

Sandstone, Operation

Sangh, Jana

Santhanam, K.

Saphir/Monique test

Sappenfield, Dale

Sapphire, Operation

Sarabhai, Vikram

Sarfaraz, Mohammad

Sarles, F. William

Sarov

Satellite Data System (SDS)

satellites:

military systems

and photographic reconnaissance

reconnaissance priorities for

reconnaissance projects and

Soviet reconnaissance

see also National Geospatial Intelligence Agency; specific satellite and surveillance systems

Savannah River Laboratory, see Atomic Energy Commission, U.S.

Sayeed, Anees Ali

Scali, John

SCATHA military satellite

see also satellites

Scheersberg A

Scherrer, Paul

Schrodinger, Erwin

Schultz, George

Schumann, Erich

Schwarzkopf, Norman

Schwinger, Julian

Science Liaison Bureau, Israeli (LAKAM)

Scientific Research Institute 9 (NII-9)

Scorch Sword air strike

Scoville, Herbert

Scowcroft, Brent

Scud missiles

Seaborg, Glenn T.

Sea Fish

see also B-36 aircraft

Search, Project

Second Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy

Second Ministry of Machine Building, Chinese

Secretariat of Atomic Energy, Libyan

Secret Intelligence Service, British (SIS)

Section One, see Air Force, U.S., Special Weapons Group

Seeman, Lyle E.

Seibert, A. Bryan

Seibert, Edwin

Selbi, Dhafir

Sella, Aviem

Semenov, Nikolai

Semipalatinsk Experimental Proving Ground

Senate Select Committee on Intelligence

Sengier, Edgar

Seoul

September 22

event, see Vela Alert 747

Service for Information and Military Security (SISMI)

Sethna, Homi

75th Exploitation Task Force, U.S. Army

SH-3A helicopters

Shabak

Shahab-3 missile

Shahi, Agha

Shamkhani, Ali

Sharif, Nawaz

Sharistani, Hussein al-

Shastri, Lal Bahadur

Shatki, Operation

Shechelkin, K. I.

Shelby, Richard

Shen, James C. H.

Sherut Bitachon Klali

Shevardnadze, Eduard A.

Shiites

Shin Bet

Shine, George

Shinn, Johnn

Shuanghcengzi missile center

Shuler, W. R.

Sieff Institute, see Weizmann Institute

Siemens

Sievering, Nelson

Signal Research Units

Sihala

Sikka, Satinder Kumar

“silver bullet” deterrent

Simmons, Robert

Simoneau, Leon

Simons, David

Simontown Naval Base, South Africa

6th Bomb Wing

61 Engineer Regiment, Indian

64th Engineer Battalion

Six-Day War

Skinji, Fathi

Skinner, Selby

“Skunk Works,”

Slocombe, Walter

Sloika, see “Layer Cake” bomb

Smidovich, Nikita

Smiling Buddha (code name)

Smith, Gerald

Smith, Harold P.

Smith, Walter Bedell

Smuts, Jan

SNIA-Techint

Snyder, Sammy

Société Industrielle d’études et de Construction Chimiques

Sodash project

Soft Touch, Operation

Somchem

Somerset West

Song Renqiong

Soreq Nuclear Research Center

Souers, Sydney

Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS)

Soustelle, Jacques

South Africa

African National Congress of

and Angola

and Cuba

Defence Force of

denuclearization of

and Namibia

National Party of

and Nonproliferation Treaty

and nuclear aid to Israel

and nuclear nonproliferation

nuclear weapons storage in

as responsible for Vela Alert

Saldanha naval facility of

Simontown naval facility of

Taiwanese uranium supplied by

South Africa, nuclear program of

as bluff

Boskop test range in

as deterrent

implosion device and

Israeli cooperation in

and Nuclear Physics Institute

and Operation Phoenix

plutonium implosion bomb and

Safari-1 reactor and

search for test site in

“Stalin Organ” rocket launcher and

thermonuclear device in

U.S. materials supplied for

“Vastrap” test site for

verification of

Y-Plant of, see Valindaba

South Korea

South-North Joint Nuclear Control Committee

Soviet Union

alleged spies for

and atomic bomb espionage

Chinese nuclear program aided by

collapse of

Echo II submarine of

Enormoz intelligence program

and first nuclear chain reaction

German invasion of

Iraqi nuclear program aided by

and Israeli bomb researchn

Libyan nuclear program aided by

and New Defense Technical Accord

North Korea nuclear program aided by

and nuclear aid to China

and nuclear aid to Iraq

and nuclear test ban

and race for atomic bomb

and relations with China

Uranium Commission of

see also Russia

Soviet Union, nuclear program of

first test detonation in

German scientists in

H-bomb in

implosion device and

intimidation of scientists developing

key sites in

Laboratory No. 2 in

long-range detection of

as Operation Borodino

Pervaya Molniya test in

plutonium bomb and

and search for uranium

see also “Joe” series of bombs

Sowle, David

Spaatz, Carl

Spain

Special Committee on the Atomic Problem, Soviet Union

Special Development Works, Pakistani

Special Projects Section, see Weather Bureau, U.S.

Special Unit

Special Weapons Group, Section One, U.S. Air Force

Operation Fitzwilliam of

Spector, Leonard

Speedlight monitoring modification

Speer, Albert

Spence, Robert

Spenser, Nelson

Spiers, Ronald

Spilhaus, Athelstan

SR-71 spy planes

SSU, see Strategic Services Unit

Staebler, Ulysses Merriam

Stalin, Joseph

“Stalin Organ” rocket launcher

“Stalin’s Rocket Engine”, see RDS Soviet bomb series

Stanford Research Institute

Starr, Duane E.

State Department, U.S.

Steenbeck, Max

Stillman, Daniel B.

Stimson, Henry

Stockman, Hervey

Strassburg

Strassmann, Fritz

Strategic Air Command, U.S., see SAC

strategic arms limitation treaty

Strategic Services Unit (SSU)

Strauss, Lewis L.

Strong, George V.

Strong, L. Corrin

Studeman, William

Stumpf, Waldo

Sun Chen Wei

“Super,”

“Supergadget,”

Sverdlovsk-44, gaseous diffusion at

Sverdlovsk-45, electromagnetic separation facility at

Sweden

Switzerland

Sykes, Lynn

Syria

Szilard, Leo

T-5 torpedo

T-33 aircraft

Tabasco emplaced sensor

Tackle program

Taepo Dong 1 missile

Tag (code name), see Otto Hahn

Taiwan

Chiang Kai-shek and

and nuclear nonproliferation

nuclear program of

Tackle program and

U.S.-Taiwan defense treaty and

Taiwan Nuclear Research Facility

Taiwan Research Reactor

Taj Mahal (code name)

Tajoura Research Center

Talbott, Strobe

Tamm, Igor

Tammuz reactors

Tamouré, Test

Tandja, Mamadou

Tang Chun-po

Tang Jun-Po

Taoyuan air base

Tarapur reactor, Indian

Tarmiya

Tass

Tatyana bomb

Taylor, Maxwell

Tehran

Teicher, Eli

Teller, Edwardn

“Alarm Clock” bomb concept of

and Trinity/Manhattan Project

Tenet, George J.

test ban treaty, see nuclear test ban

Thailand

Thatcher, Margaret

thermonuclear bomb

first U.S. test of

Israel and

“Layer Cake” as

Mike as code name for

South Africa and

Soviet detonation of

vs. fission detonation

Thielmann, Greg

Thiessen, Peter Adolf

“Third Line” program

“Third Universal Theory,”

Thiry, Jean

Thomas, Abel

Thompson, Llewellyn

Thompson-CSF

Thorne, Kip

Thoulouze, André

Threshold Test Ban Treaty of 1974

Thule Air Base

Time magazine

Tiros satellites

see also satellites

Toe Dancer (code name)

Tokyo

Tolkovsky, Dan

Tomsk-7

Totsk test range

Touchdown, Operation

Touli institute

Toy Soldier, Operation

Tracerlab

Training Proving Ground No. 2, see Semipalatinsk Experimental Proving Ground

Transit satellite system

Treasury Department, U.S.

Treaty for the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weaponsn

Trevan, Tim

Trident II (D5) missiles

Trinity

plutonium implosion bomb test at

see also Manhattan Project

Triomphant submarines

Trombay

Tronstad, Leif

Truba, see Tube bomb

Trubnikov, Vyacheslav

Trulock, Notra, III

Truman, Harry

established by

H-bomb project announced by

signs CIA into law

Soviet bomb test announced by

Tu aircraft

Tube bomb

Turkevitch, Anthony

Turnbull, Larry

Turner, Stanfield

Turner Construction Company

Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Centern

Petrochemical-3 of

Twining, Nathan

Tyuratam space launch facility

U-2n

and Ad Hoc Requirements Committee

aircraft carrier launches of

“Aquatone” as code name of development project for

and CIA

and downing of Bill Chang

and downing of Francis Gary Powers

and downing of Jack Chang

first flight over Soviet Union of

flights over China of

flights over Egypt of

flights over French territory of

flights over Iraq of

flights over Middle East of

images from

and Lockheed

and Nationalist Chinese

and Olive Branch

and Operation Soft Touch

and Operation Touchdown

as produced at “Skunk Works,”

and Project Whale Tale

Tackle program of

U-2A-1 version of

U-2C version of

U-2G version of

U-2R version of

and USS Ranger

Uhde-Lurgi Group

Uhlenbeck, George

Ulam, Stanislaw

UNnn

inspections of Iraqi facilities

Resolution 707 of

Resolution 1441 of

see also International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Unger, Leonard

Union Miniére

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, see Soviet Union United Nations Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM)

United Press

United States:

attempts to discourage Indian nuclear ambitions

and China exchange and contact

and Chinese theft of W88 warhead plans

efforts to halt North Korea’s nuclear program

H-bomb of

Indian nuclear aid from

intelligence, see intelligence, U.S.

Iran’s uranium enrichment program and

Iraqi nuclear program aided by

Israeli nuclear program aided by

North Korea’s bilateral talks with

North Korea’s nuclear test and

as nuclear power

nuclear program of, see Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory; Manhattan Project; Trinity

as nuclear target

and nuclear test bann

Taiwan, nuclear program aided by

UN Monitoring, Verification, and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC)

UNSCOM, see United Nations Special Commission on Iraq

UN Security Council

UN Security Council Resolution

UN Security Council Resolution 1718

uranium, vs. plutonium in bombs

Uranium Club (Uranverein)

Uranium Commission, Soviet

Uranium Conversion Facility

Uranium Enrichment Corporation (URENCO), South Africa

uranium gun bomb

uranium project

Uranverein, see Uranium Club

Urey, Harold

Urry, William

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

U.S.-Taiwan defense treaty

Vajpayee, Atal Behari

Valindaba

Vance, Cyrus

Vandenberg, Hoyt

Vandenberg Air Force Base

Van Doren, Charles

Van Middlesworth, L.

Vanunu, Mordechain

Varna, A. N.

Vasev, Vladillen M.

Vastrap

Vela Alert

Israel as responsible for

South Africa and

Soviet Union as responsible for

Vela surveillance system

“zoo” events in

Vemork

Venezuela

Venona project

Verenigde Machine-Fabrieken

Verkh Nevyinsk

Vermont (code name)

Vernadskii, Vladimir

Verwoerd, H. F.

Viard, Jean

Vietnam

Vira, Dharma

“Virus House,”

Visser, Andres

VLF (very low frequency)

Omega system of

Voice of America

Volga Office, see Arzamas-16

Vollmer, Max

von Ardenne, Manfred

von Braun, Wernher

von Halban, Hans

Von Halle, Edward

von Laue, Max

von Weizsäcker, Freidrich

Vorster, John

Vortex signals intelligence satellites

Vrooman, Robert S.

W88 warhead, Chinese theft of plans for

W-130 aircraft

Wah Cantonment Ordnance Complex

Wallace, Terry C.

Walpole, Robert

Walsh, Robert

Walters, J. C.

Walters, Vernon

Wang, K. C.

Wang Ganchang

Wang Jiefu

Wang Shi Chuen, Johnny

Wardenburg, Fred

Washington Post

Washington Times

Watkins, James

WB aircraft

WC aircraft

Weapons Intelligence, Nonproliferation, and Arms Control Center (WINPAC)

weapons of mass destruction (WMD)

Weather Bureau, U.S.

Weather Reconnaissance Squadrons

Webber, Robert T.

Weber, Karl

Webster, William

Weekly Summary, CIA

Weekly Surveyor, CIA

Weisner, Jerome

Weiss, Leonard

Weisskopf, Victor

Weizman, Ezer

Welsh, Eric

Wendover Field, see W-47

Wen Ho Lee

West Germany

French nuclear program aided by

Indian nuclear program aided by

Iraq nuclear program aided by

Pakistani nuclear program aided by

Taiwanese nuclear program aided by

Whale Tale, Project

Wheeler, John

Wheeling, USNS

Wheelon, Albert

Wheelus Air Base

Whiting, Allen

Wick, Gian Carlo

Wiesbaden

Wilburforce, John

Williams, L. B.

Wilson, Joseph

Wilson, Roscoe C.

WINPAC, see Weapons Intelligence, Nonproliferation, and Arms Control Center

Wirtz, Karl

Wisner, Frank, Jr.

Wolf, John

Wood, Cal

Wood, Houston G., III

Woods, Samuel Edison

Woodward, Bob

Woolsey, James

World Trade Organization

Wright, Charles W.

Wright, Gerald

Wright, William H.

Wright-Patterson Air Force Base

WU-2 aircraft

Wu Ta-You

X-2 branch, see SSU

Xinjiang Uygur

X-Ray bomb (code name)

Yadin, Yigal

Yang, Chen Ning

Yang Fujia

Ye Lirun

Yeltsin, Boris

Yoke bomb (code name)

Yokota Air Basen

Yom Kippur War

Yongbyon Nuclear Research Center

Yong-dong

York, Herbert A.

Y-Plant, see Valindaba

Yugoslavia, and nuclear aid to Iraq

Yu Min

Zababakhin, E. I.

Z Division

Zebra bomb (code name)

Zeldovich, Yakov

02 Chinese nuclear development program

Zhang Aiping

Zhang Yunyu

Zhang Zhishang

Zheltye Vody

Zhongnanhai

Zhou Enlai

Zhou Wenzhong

Zia ul-Haq, Mohammad

Zifferero, Maurizio

Zimmerman, Peter

Zippe, Gernot

ZOE reactor

Zuberi, Matin

Zumwalt, Lloyd