Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.
African Americans: prejudice experienced by, 68, 71–75, 84–85, 162n53, 222; in Roswell incident, 221, 222, 236. See also slave trade
Agnew, Spiro, 7
Alamogordo, New Mexico, 211–12, 234
Aldeburgh flying platform incident, 232n92
alien abduction: amnesia as characteristic of, 68, 87–88, 91–94, 98, 101, 101n; antecedents of, 120–43, 162–63; childhood sexual abuse compared to, 110–12; death associated with, 139; declining incidence of, 109; descents as characteristic feature of, 107–8, 113, 121, 127, 129–30, 138, 139; experts in, 103–6; first occurrence of, 97–98; folk tales compared to, 135; gender of victims of, 102, 102n; heyday of (1990s), 101; Hills’ experience of, 69–86; implants as feature of, 109, 142–43, 161, 163, 167, 171; instances of, 101–2; merkavah descent stories compared to, 126–31, 138; origins of myth of, 69, 91, 119; physical examinations in, 77, 77n16, 84–85, 92, 102, 134, 163, 169; purpose of, 104; race of abductees, 119; research published on, 98–99; Saul/Paul’s experience compared to, 140–43; sex occurring in, 92, 93, 101, 102, 112–13, 138, 163, 163n; shamanic trance journeys compared to, 128, 134–35, 138; skeptics of, 106–9; slave abductions compared to, 75–80, 77n16, 83–85; Strieber’s Communion and, 91–95, 101; two-places-at-once phenomenon of, 128–29
aliens: angel-like appearance of, 58; as animals, 103, 118; childlike appearance of, 25, 233, 236; dead, 214–23, 228, 231–37; dwarflike, 97; eyes of, 5, 30, 82–83, 84, 88, 99–100, 102–3, 131–34, 133n40, 216, 221; female, 92, 97, 118, 134–35; folkloric aspects of, 95; hairlessness of, 5, 137, 221; human appearance of, 41n, 58, 74, 83, 95–96, 99, 216; as little green men, 95–96, 189, 235, 235n95; sheela-na-gigs compared to, 133, 135; size of, 70, 83, 96, 99, 216, 221; in Strieber’s account, 29–30; typical features of, 5, 88, 99, 114–15; varieties of, 99
Amazing Stories (magazine), 174, 176–78, 180, 185, 187, 189–93, 195–96, 200, 203, 204; covers of, 186, 188, 194
American Association for the Advancement of Science, 7
Anderson, Gerald, 223–28, 231, 236
angels, 57, 58, 61, 127–28, 130–31, 233, 246
animals: in deep story, 139; human-animal hybrids, 122–23; resemblance of aliens to, 103, 118, 134; shamans attended by, 134
apparitions, 46–48, 100. See also hallucinations
Arab-Jewish relations, 105
Arafat, Yassir, 105
Arnold, Kenneth, 8, 13–14, 19, 192, 198–99, 202, 213, 235n96; The Coming of the Saucers (with Raymond Palmer), 199
Associated Press, 209
The Astounding She Monster (film), 133n40
Baca, Harold, 217
Ballard Funeral Home, 219, 231
balloon, as Roswell debris, 211–13. See also weather balloon, as Roswell debris
Barker, Gray: Bender’s relationship with, 149, 162, 162n52, 244; as character in MIB account, 164n; death of, 150, 169; FBI and, 153; hometown renown of, 147; and IFSB, 150, 153; life of, 150; mental state of, 155; on Palmer and Arnold’s The Coming of the Saucers, 199; popular culture influenced by, 166–69, 172, 237; pranks played by, 155–56; role of, in Men in Black myth, 149, 158, 244; and secret of UFOs, 152–53, 156; sexuality of, 157, 165n, 172; They Knew Too Much About Flying Saucers, 14–22, 17, 29, 147–48, 155–58, 160–61, 165n, 172, 237; truthfulness of, 149, 152, 156; as a writer, 150, 155
Barnett, Grady L. “Barney,” 215–19, 224
Bass, Ellen, and Laura Davis, The Courage to Heal, 110
Belgian Society for the Study of Space Phenomena, 43
belief/disbelief in UFOs: and alien abduction controversy, 103–9; arguments for, 9–10, 19; extent of belief, 5; as-if quality of, 5–7; inner motivations for, 10, 19–22, 32, 41n, 46, 60, 63, 85, 124, 242; paradoxical nature of, 5; and psychosocial explanations, 34–35; strength of disbelief, 7–8
Bender, Albert K.: actual men-in-black encounter of, 149, 151–55; Barker’s relationship with, 149, 162, 162n52, 244; in Barker’s They Knew Too Much About Flying Saucers, 16, 21, 29, 52; death of, 149n; Flying Saucers and the Three Men, 161–63, 162n52, 165n, 171; and IFSB, 150–51, 154; life of, 16, 149; marriage of, 154–55, 163; role of, in Men in Black myth, 244; and secret of UFOs, 16, 18, 151–53, 156
Berlin Wall, 44
Bethurum, Truman, 49n
Blanchard, Colonel William, 210, 213–14
Blumenthal, Ralph, 9n
Brazel, Bessie, 209n81, 210–11
Brazel, W.W. “Mack,” 208–13, 209n80, 218, 232
Brolin, Josh, 172
Bryan, C.D.B., 107
Bullard, Thomas, 5, 102n, 129; UFO Abductions, 98–99, 101
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (journal), 204, 237
Buskirk, Dr., 224
Cardozo, Abraham, visions of, 50–53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 160, 164n, 244
cargo cults, 61
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 154, 168
Cheit, Ross, 111n
Church, Forrest, 246
Clinton, Hillary, 4
close encounters, terminology of, 98, 98n24
Close Encounters of the Third Kind (film), 5, 33, 98n24, 99–100, 137, 216
collective unconscious: alien abduction myth in, 86; archetypes in, 53; defined, 2, 34, 63; Men in Black and, 160–61; mysterious nature ascribed to, 35, 63; Shaver Mystery and, 177–78; slave experience as, 82; UFO myths based in, 243
Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP), 106
Communism: fall of, 44; in 1950s United States, 153–54, 154n49
creation accounts, 138
Cuban missile crisis, 105
Daily Record (Roswell newspaper), 211
Davis, Isabel, 28
Davis, Laura, and Ellen Bass, The Courage to Heal, 110
Day of the Dead, 235
death: coping with/denial of, 7, 13, 21–22, 26–27, 171, 246; in deep story, 139; as intimate alien, 236; Men in Black myth and, 159, 159n, 164–65; nuclear-age, 181, 203, 235–37; Roswell incident and, 148, 204, 214–23, 228, 231–37; Set/Seth and, 226; Shaver Mystery and, 183, 203–4; UFOs associated with, 7–8, 20–22, 27, 235–36
Dennis, Glenn, 219–23, 225, 226, 231–32, 236
dero (evil beings), 15, 175, 179–83, 179n, 181n, 187, 193, 195, 200
descenders to the chariot. See yordei merkavah
Devil, 160–61. See also Lucifer; Satan
disenchantment, 241
displacement upward, 97n, 100–101, 133n40
DuBose, Colonel Thomas, 206
dummies, offered in explanation of Roswell reports, 227–28
eating, following sightings/visions, 51, 59, 62–63
Eisenhower, Dwight, 168
Eliade, Mircea, 134
Epicurus, 236
evidence, 5, 19, 45. See also physical-trace episodes
eyes, of aliens, 5, 30, 82–83, 84, 88, 99–100, 102–3, 131–34, 133n40, 216, 221
Ezekiel’s chariot, 108, 120–31; images of vision of, 123, 125
Fantastic Adventures (magazine), 191
Fanton, Lieutenant Eileen, 223n
Fate (magazine), 150, 197, 199
Fátima, Portugal, apparitions at, 48–49, 60
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 153
509th Bomb Group, 237
Flatwoods, West Virginia, monster, 15, 150
flying saucers: appearance of, 38, 194, 195; author’s youthful study of, 15; Barker’s They Knew Too Much About Flying Saucers and, 15, 16, 18, 156; Bender’s silence about, 151–54, 161; first sighting wave of, 193, 198, 202n77; Freudian theory of, 33; Hills’ experience of, 71, 73; Jung’s theory of, 31–32, 62; Lennon’s sighting of, 240; occupants of, 83, 95–96, 189; origins of, in popular culture, 14, 192–93, 195n; Palmer and, 201–2, 202n77; public fascination with, 150–51, 200, 213; in Roswell incident, 205–6, 213–14. See also UFOs
Flying Saucers (magazine), 26, 199
folklore, UFO accounts compared to, 33–34, 135, 233
Fort Worth Army Air Field, 206
Fort Worth Star-Telegram (newspaper), 206
The Fourth Kind (movie), 129
Freud, Sigmund: on displacement upward, 97n, 100–101; on dreams, 68, 246–47; eyes in patient’s dream reported to, 131, 133; Jung and, 33; on memories, 3; screen memory, concept of, 103; sex-based theories of, 33, 36; theories applied to UFOs, 3, 4, 32, 35–36, 246–47
Friedman, Stanton, 208, 214–15, 217, 222
Fuller, John G., The Interrupted Journey, 71, 81, 83
gap, between stimulus and perception, 40–41, 44, 63, 81
Genesis, Book of, 241
Gill, William Booth, sighting by, 55–63
Gimbutas, Marija, The Gods and Goddesses of Old Europe, 114, 117–18
Glassboro, New Jersey, UFO landing, 27, 229–30
Glassboro summit, 230
Google Arts & Culture app, 117n
Gordon, James S., 108
government: armed conflict between aliens and, 169; mistrust/dislike of, 169, 233; suspected of collusion with aliens, 168–69; suspected of hiding information about UFOs, 5, 168, 209n80, 217, 219, 220–22, 224–26
Guy Stuff (comic strip), 101n
hallucinations, 46, 93. See also apparitions
Hamling, Bill, 201
Harney, John, 232n92
Haut, Lieutenant Walter, 210n, 222
Hayakawa, Norio, 232n93
Hefner, Hugh, 201
Hekhalot (Palaces) literature, 126–28, 130–31, 133, 133n41, 138
Hellinger, Bert, 120n35
Hesemann, Michael, UFOs: The Secret History, 115
Hill, Barney, 67–86, 91, 158, 162, 165, 165n, 173, 237, 244
Hill, Betty, 67–86, 134, 142, 162, 173, 244
Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 181, 203, 234, 237
hoaxes: Barker as perpetrator of, 155–56; Belgium incident as, 43–44; Glassboro landing as, 27, 229–30; Maury Island incident as, 158–59; MJ-12 document, 168; possibility/indications of, 9, 25, 38, 57, 59, 224; about Roswell incident, 95–96, 223–24
homosexuality, 157, 165–66, 165n, 172
Hoover, J. Edgar, 153
Hopkins, Budd, 92–93, 100, 103, 106–10, 113, 114, 130
Hopkins, Herbert, 164–66, 166n58
Hopkins, John, 166n58
Hopkins, Maureen, 166n58
Horn, Miriam, 111n
Hudson Valley sightings, 43
Hynek, J. Allen, The UFO Experience, 98n24
hypnotic regressions: descriptions of, 71–83, 84, 105–9, 105n, 112–13, 129; for eliciting alien abduction accounts, 92–93, 98, 103, 106–9; in Hopkins’s MIB account, 164–65; for memory retrieval, 68; shamanic trances compared to, 128; skepticism about, 106–9
Icarus, 234
IFSB. See International Flying Saucer Bureau
implants, resulting from alien contact, 109, 142–43, 161, 163, 167, 171
inner motivations for belief in UFOs, 10, 19–22, 32, 41n, 46, 60, 63, 85, 124, 242
International Flying Saucer Bureau (IFSB), 150–54, 154n48, 154n49
International UFO Museum and Research Center, Roswell, New Mexico, 210n, 222
Ivins, Molly, 211n84
Jacobs, David, 103–4, 113, 114; The Threat, 104; The UFO Controversy in America, 104
Jacobs, Ted, 88, 100, 104, 114, 115, 117–18
J.B. Foster ranch, New Mexico, 208–13, 218–19
Jefferson, Thomas, 34
Jewish-Arab relations, 105
Jews, 225
Jones, Robert Gibson: cover of “I Remember Lemuria!” issue of Amazing Stories, 188, 189, 190; cover of “Shaver Mystery” issue of Amazing Stories, 186, 187
Jørgensdatter, Siri, 160
Judas Iscariot, 225
Jung, Carl: anima concept of, 95, 95n21, 231; archetype concept of, 53, 124; collective unconscious concept of, 2, 34–35, 53; on Ezekiel’s vision, 124; Flying Saucers, 2, 32–33; Lindbergh’s meeting with, 31–32; mandala concept of, 2, 62; psychism in theory of, 85; quaternity concept of, 25, 44, 53–55, 124; theories about UFOs, 2, 31–33; on uniting of opposites, 104–5
Jupiter, mistaken for UFO, 60, 82
Kepler, Johannes, 51
Keyhoe, Donald E., 70
Klass, Philip, 56, 59, 73, 80, 106–7; UFO Abductions, 107
Kodawara, Eric, 58
Kosygin, Alexei, 230
Kottmeyer, Martin, 60, 83, 115, 242
Laibow, Rima, 87
language, Shaver’s recovery of ancient, 175–77
latency period, 148, 202, 237, 245
Lawrence, T. E., 104, 105, 113
Lazar, Robert, 232n93
Lemuria, 177–78, 180–82, 184–85, 187, 203
Lennon, John, 239–43, 246; “Imagine,” 241; “Nobody Told Me,” 240; Walls and Bridges, 239–40
Lindbergh, Charles, 31
little green men, 95–96, 189, 235, 235n95
Lorenzen, Coral and Jim, Flying Saucer Occupants, 97n
Lucas, Tim, 133n40
Lucchesi, Dominick, 151, 154n48, 157, 162n52
Lucifer, 234–35. See also Devil; Satan
Macdonald, Doyle, Jim, and Pip, 81–82
Mack, John, 104–6, 113–14; Abduction: Human Encounters with Aliens, 105
Magonia, 34
Maltais, Jean and Vern, 214–17
mandalas, 2, 62, 104, 105, 124, 246
Marcel, Major Jesse A., 206, 207, 208, 210, 212
Marden, Kathleen, 86
Mars, possible place of origin of UFOs, 23, 35
Mary. See Virgin Mary
Maury Island incident, 158–59, 199n75
McAndrew, James, The Roswell Report: Case Closed, 227–29, 231
McCarthy, Senator Joseph, 153
McKenna, Bob, with Richard Shaver, “Cult of the Witch Queen,” 193, 203
memory: displacement of, 229–30; erasure of, in Men in Black films, 167, 169–71; Palmer’s fascination with, 178, 179. See also recovered memories
Men in Black (films), 16n3, 158, 163–64, 166–67, 169–72, 237
Men in Black (MIB): as the alien among us, 148, 170; antecedents of, 158–61; in Barker’s account, 16, 18, 151-53; in Cardozo’s vision, 52; death and, 159, 159n, 164–65; incidents involving, 163–66; as myth, 148–49; numbers of, 164, 172; origins of myth of, 149; pranks based on, 164; sexuality in accounts of, 165–66; silence as feature of, 16, 22, 42, 151–52, 157, 159, 161, 165, 167, 169–71
Menzel, Donald, 32, 56, 59–61, 168; The World of Flying Saucers, 2, 5–7
Merian, Matthäus, Vision of Ezekiel, 123
merkavah mystics. See yordei merkavah
MIB. See Men in Black
military. See government
Miracle of the Sun (Fátima), 48–49
missing time, 71, 82n, 102, 109
Moore, Charles, 211
Moore, Demi, 208
Moore, William, The Roswell Incident, 215
Moseley, James, 152, 155, 162, 164n
Mullis, Kary, 88, 90, 103, 134, 185
mystery, of UFOs, 8, 15–16, 20, 22, 23, 29, 63, 153, 162, 174, 198–202, 242, 245–47
myth, 2–3. See also UFOs as myth
Nathan of Gaza, 164n
National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP), 70, 74
NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Nehunyah ben Hakanah, Rabbi, 126–28
New Hampshire, Hills’ UFO encounter in, 67–86, 162, 237
New Jersey Association on Aerial Phenomena (NJAAP), 24–28
NICAP. See National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 44
nuclear weapons, 181, 203, 235–37
Obama, Barack, 4
Ono, Yoko, 240
Operation Majestic-12. See MJ-12 document
Ordinary People (film), 98n25
Oslo Accords, 105
Other Worlds Science Stories (magazine), 191, 199
The Outer Limits (television show), 83–84
pairs, myths created by. See synergistic pairs
Palmer, Raymond: attitude of, toward Shaver Mystery, 178, 178n, 184–85, 198, 200–203; autodidacticism of, 176; The Coming of the Saucers (with Kenneth Arnold), 199; criticisms of, 192; as editor of Amazing Stories, 174–76, 190–93; and Lemuria, 187; Martian Diary, 189; memories of, 178, 179, 190; on mystery of UFOs, 201–2, 242; physical maladies of, 174, 176, 189; publishing ventures of, 199; “Report From the Forgotten Past,” 203; role of, in Shaver Mystery, 173, 177–80, 185, 187, 189, 244; The Secret World By Ray Palmer, 199–200; self-image of, 189–90; Shaver’s relationship with, 177, 191, 199–200, 244; spiritual beliefs of, 174, 201–2; and UFOs, 193, 196, 198–202, 202n77
Papua New Guinea, UFO sighting, 55–63
Pascagoula, Mississippi, abduction, 99, 120n34
Pasulka, D. W., American Cosmic, 9
Paul (apostle). See Saul/Paul
Paul, Frank R.: back cover of Amazing Stories, 194, 195–96, 199n75; cover of Science Wonder Stories, 195n
physical-trace episodes, 9–10, 9n, 14
popular opinion on UFOs. See belief/disbelief in UFOs
Predionica mask, 114–18, 116, 120, 134, 139
Project Mogul, 211–12, 211n83, 227
quaternity, 25, 44, 53–55, 57, 124
“racial memory,” 177–78. See also collective unconscious
Ramey, General Roger M., 206, 211, 213, 214
recognition response, to Strieber’s Communion cover image, 87–88, 91, 103, 114, 117
recovered memories: of alien abductions, 101, 101n, 103; of childhood experiences, 103; of childhood sexual abuse, 110–12, 111n; in Hills’ UFO encounter, 68, 76–77, 84, 85; Strieber’s account of, 91–94; Strieber’s Communion cover image as trigger for, 87–88; therapists’/hypnotists’ role in, 92–93, 98, 110; of traumatic experiences, 111–12; UFO myths as, 244–45; from unconscious generational transmission, 78–79. See also memory
Rediker, Marcus, 76
Report of Air Force Research Regarding the “Roswell Incident,” 211, 227
Rhanes, Aura, 49n
Rhoades, Georgia, 136
Roberts, August, 151, 154n48, 157, 162n52
Roswell, New Mexico, UFO incident, 205–37; and the alien as death, 148, 236; alien bodies in, 214–23, 228, 236; Anderson’s account of, 223–27; antecedent of, 96; Barnett’s account of, 215–19; dating of, 209, 235n96; death and, 204, 214–23, 228, 231–37; debris of, 14, 205–6, 207, 208–19, 213n, 232; Dennis’s account of, 219–23; explanations of, 212-14, 230-232; facts about, 205–6; impact site of, 214, 218–19; latency period of, 237; in MJ-12 document, 168; myth of, 214, 219, 230–37; popular recognition of, 4, 204, 208, 211n84, 212, 233; Ragsdale’s account of, 218–19; rediscovery of, 168n, 208, 214–15, 219; riddles of, 206, 208, 213; silence as feature of, 217, 221–22, 226
Roswell Army Air Field (later Walker Air Force Base), 14, 205–6, 210, 219, 231, 237
Roswell UFO Festival, 235
Satan, 54. See also Devil; Lucifer
Saturn, mistaken for UFO, 60
The Saucerian (magazine), 150
Scholem, Gershom, 128, 129–30, 140
Science Wonder Stories (magazine), 195n
screen memories, 103, 112, 231–32, 231–32n92
Scully, Frank, Behind the Flying Saucers, 96, 167
self: mandala as symbol of, 2; Roswell incident and, 223, 231
Set/Seth, 226
sex in UFO encounters: descriptions of, 47n10, 92, 93, 97, 102, 163, 163n, 165–66; “Men in Black” incident related to, 166n58; oppressive/violent, 92, 93, 101, 102, 112–13; as significant feature, 138; squeamishness about, 97n
sexual abuse, childhood, 93, 110–12
sexuality: discomfort with, 157, 165–66, 172; eyes associated with, 100–102; Freud and, 33, 36; genital mutilation and, 85; in Hekhalot literature, 130–31, 133, 134; in Philadelphia sighting, 39–40, 39; in Shaver Mystery, 179, 182, 193; of sheela-na-gigs, 133, 136
Shades of Gray (documentary), 155
shamanic trance journeys, 128, 134–35, 138
Shaver, Richard S.: atheism of, 174, 180; “Cult of the Witch Queen” (with Bob McKenna), 193, 203; death of, 200; death of wife of, 182; on flying saucer sighting wave, 198; “Invasion of the Micro-Men,” 190; “I Remember Lemuria!,” 178–80, 185; life of, 173–74, 180–83, 184n70, 184n71; linguistic theories of, 174–76; mental state of, 16, 180–85; paintings by, 199, 199n76; Palmer’s relationship with, 177, 191, 199–200, 244; role of, in Shaver Mystery, 173, 177–81, 244; “Thought Records of Lemuria,” 180–82, 184, 185; as a writer, 191
Shaver Mystery, 173–204; as alien within, 148, 185, 190, 200, 203–4; Amazing Stories issue devoted to, 186, 187, 204; attacks on, 191–92; authorship of, 173, 177–81, 185, 187, 189, 244; covers of Amazing Stories devoted to, 186, 187, 188, 189–90; creatures’ existence within earth in, 15, 22, 179–80, 182, 184, 187, 200; death and, 183, 203–4; events of, 15–16, 178–80; evidence of, 198; popular corroboration of occurrences of, 185, 190–91; trauma underlying, 244; UFOs linked to, 173–74, 183, 192–204
sheela-na-gigs, 132, 133, 135–37, 139
silence: as feature of Men in Black myth, 16, 22, 42, 151–52, 157, 159, 161, 165, 167, 169–71; as feature of Roswell incident, 217, 221–22, 226
Simon, Benjamin, 67–69, 71–80, 92
slave trade, 75–80, 77n16, 79n, 79, 83–85, 119–20
Socorro, New Mexico, physical-trace episode, 8, 25
Spaatz, General Carl, 31
Space Review (magazine), 151, 153
Spielberg, Steven, 33, 98n24, 99–100
Steinberg, Eugene, 183, 184, 200, 201
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 169
Strieber, Whitley, Communion: author’s response to, 29–30, 90–91; childhood sexual abuse as trigger for events narrated in, 93, 112; cover image of, 29–30, 87–88, 89, 99–101, 103, 114–15, 117–18, 134, 137, 216, 244; events narrated in, 91–93, 95, 101, 108, 134–35, 142; recognition response elicited by, 87–88, 90, 91, 103, 114, 117; sales of, 30, 103, 118; Stieber’s other work compared to, 94
Swords, Michael D., 154n48
symbols. See writing, associated with UFOs
synergistic pairs, 148–49, 173–74, 244
Talmud, 159n
three men in black. See Men in Black
Time (magazine), 106
Tituba, 160
trauma: feeling of alienness associated with, 244; generational transmission of, 78–81, 79n, 120; memory of, 111–12; transformation of individual into general, 158, 243–44; underlying Shaver Mystery, 244
Trinity, 54
Truffaut, François, 33
Truman, Harry, 224
The UFO Incident (television movie), 129
UFOlogy: author and, 1–2, 5–9, 13–29, 147–48, 242, 243, 246; hypnosis as part of, 92, 103, 106–8; IFSB and, 150–54; and John Lennon, 239–40; leaders in field of, 103; network of, 18; research program of, 23; and Roswell incident, 206, 208, 212–14, 217–18, 222–24, 228–29, 232–33, 235; system of beliefs of, 22–23
UFO Report and Information Center, 43
UFOs: African American tradition of, 120n34; beginning of public interest in, 13–14, 25–26, 192–93; behavior of, 22, 32, 37, 45, 58–59, 69–70, 129, 240; CIA’s inquiry into, 154; death associated with, 7–8, 20–22, 27, 235–36; evidence of, 5, 19, 45–46; eyewitness accounts of, 25, 38, 40–41n, 43, 48, 56–58, 60, 81–82 (see also gap, between stimulus and perception); Ezekiel’s chariot as, 120–30; as folklore, 33–34, 135, 233; group sightings of, 61; intentions of, toward Earth, 6, 161–63; meanings of, 41–42, 44, 46, 233–37, 242–47; mundane explanations for, 40–41, 59–60, 81–82, 82n, 212–14, 230–32; noises associated with, 70; Palmer and, 193, 196, 198–202, 202n77; physical impossibilities linked to, 9n, 22, 32, 45–46, 51; point of origination of, 22, 35; in popular consciousness, 4–5; psychological explanations of, 32; psychosocial explanations of, 34–35, 42, 137; as religious phenomenon, 243, 246; research program of, 29; shapes of, 9, 25, 38, 40n, 43, 70, 74; Shaver Mystery linked to, 173–74, 183, 192–204; significance of, 3–4, 8; transcendent sources for experiences of, 2, 35, 63, 138–39, 177, 243, 244, 247. See also belief/disbelief in UFOs; flying saucers; UFOs as myth
UFOs as myth: appeal of, 21; classical mythology contrasted with, 3–4, 232–34; common features of, 243–45; Jung on, 2–3, 31–33; Roswell as instance of, 214, 219, 230–37; significance of, 3–5, 243–47; specificity of origins of, 69, 86, 243–44
unconscious: as basis of Shaver Mystery, 16, 203–4; communication between, 158; as location of descents, 139. See also collective unconscious
University of Pennsylvania, 215, 217–18, 224
Unsolved Mysteries (television show), 225
Vallee, Jacques, 49; Passport to Magonia, 33–35
Venezuela, as site for humanoid encounters, 96–97
Venus (planet), 234n; possible place of origin of UFOs, 23, 35, 96; in Shaver’s stories, 178, 193, 195, 203
Victorian Flying Saucer Research Society, 56n
Villas-Boas, Antonio, 97–98, 163n
Virgin Mary, 48–49, 52, 54, 57
Walker Air Force Base. See Roswell Army Air Field
Wardi, Dina, 78
weather balloon, as Roswell debris, 206, 208–11
Webb, Walter, 74
Weber, Max, 241
Wells, H. G., The War of the Worlds, 6
Whitman, Charles, 94
Wilkinson, Bob, 155
witches, 160
within, as source of belief in UFOs. See inner motivations for belief in UFOs
witnesses, of UFOs: flaws of, 165; psychic lives of, 42; sanity/sincerity of, 33–34, 37, 41, 43–44, 48, 56–57, 98
Women in Black, 170
World War II, 61, 177, 181, 190, 203–4, 237
written symbols/language, associated with UFOs, 142, 209, 213
The X-Files (television show), 158, 167–69
yordei merkavah (descenders to the chariot), 108, 120–21, 126–31, 138, 140, 244
Zamora, Lonnie, 25
Ziegler, Charles, 233