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The abbreviation FRUS stands for Foreign Relations of the United States.
PROLOGUE: JFK
Well, if we have to have: Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., Robert Kennedy and His Times (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978), 131.
Why, even: Robert Dallek, An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917–1963 (Boston: Little, Brown, 2003), 196.
1 GENERAL LEMAY’S THREAT
Kennedy’s head start: dictated to a recorder (Dictabelt #40) microphone while preparing for his 1960 presidential race.
Lemay: White House tape recording 111.
The order came down: Travis interview, 2013.
Surrounding Russia: Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy Naftali, One Hell of a Gamble: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy, 1958–1964: The Secret History of the Cuban Missile Crisis (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997).
However: Philip Nash, The Other Missiles of October: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Jupiters, 1957–1963 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997).
The Jupiters: 1991 BBC interview with Alexi Adzhubei, Khruschev’s son-in-law.
We were not: Nikita Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers: The Glasnost Tapes, translated and edited by Jerrold L. Schecter with V. V. Luhkov (Boston: Little, Brown, 1970).
In the end: Fursenko and Naftali, One Hell of a Gamble.
This trade: White House tape recording A41, October 17.
Kennedy’s concession: Oral History, Kennedy Library.
Bobby said: White House tape recording, October 16.
The vice president: White House tape recording, October 27.
Lemnitzer recalled: Letter to a CIA official, Dino A. Brugioni. Also Dino A. Brugioni, Eyeball to Eyeball: The Inside Story of the Cuban Missile Crisis (New York: Random House, 1991).
Lemnitzer would say: Brugioni interview, June 2013.
But Johnson stressed: Lyndon Baines Johnson, Vantage Point: Perspectives on the Presidency 1963–1968 (New York: Holt, 1971).
Bobby’s contention: Robert Kennedy, Robert Kennedy in His Own Words, edited by Edwin O. Guthman and Jeffrey Shulman (New York: Bantam, 1988).
The missile swap: Richard Ned Lebow and Janice Stein, We All Lost the Cold War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994); Russian Foreign Ministry archives, obtained and translated by NHK, Japanese Broadcasting.
The American version: A record of the interview is contained in the Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research, part of the University of Georgia Library holdings in Athens, Georgia. The book is As I Saw It: Dean Rusk as Told to Richard Rusk, edited by Daniel S. Papp (New York: W. W. Norton, 1990).
If there is: Brugioni, Eyeball to Eyeball, 377.
I think that: White House tape recording 31.2, October 19.
He was just: Gilpatric Oral History, JFK Library, 1970.
His diary was: Bruce J. Allyn, James G. Blight, and David A. Welch, eds. Back to the Brink: Proceedings of the Moscow Conference on the Cuban Missile Crisis, January 27–28, 1989 (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1992), 92–93.
In a 1988 book, Bundy: McGeorge Bundy, Danger and Survival: Choices about the Bomb in the First Fifty Years (New York: Random House, 1988), 432–441.
But in a later: Fursenko and Naftali, One Hell of a Gamble.
We then issued: White House telephone recording, October 28.
I think the: Bartlett Oral History, JFK Library.
According to Bundy: Bundy Oral History, 1964, JFK Library.
The president never: Robert Kennedy in His Own Words.
I cut his: Michael R. Beschloss, The Crisis Years: Kennedy and Khrushchev, 1960–1963. (New York: Edward Burlingame Books, 1991).
LeMay rudely rejected: Richard Reeves, President Kennedy: Profile of Power (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), 425.
2 ZR/RIFLE
See the poll: White House tape recording, 90.3, 1963.
The worse you: Arthur Schlesinger Jr., A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965), 292.
The general took: Eisenhower’s record of the meeting of April 22, 1961, Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas.
A more direct: Inspector General John Earman of the Central Intelligence Agency, Report on Plots to Assassinate Fidel Castro, 1967.
The only thing: Richard N. Goodwin, Remembering America: A Voice from the Sixties, (Boston: Little, Brown, 1988), 189.
It was an: William Attwood interview, 1982.
Any word that: White House tape recording 119, November 5, 1963.
He said the: Attwood interview.
3 THE CROCODILE
He’s going to make: Rudy Abramson, Spanning the Century: The Life of Averell Harriman (New York: William Morrow, 1992).
An act of: Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., Robert Kennedy and His Times (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978).
[Harriman] put me: William Colby, Honorable Men (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1978).
I don’t want: Interview, Hugh Sidey of Time, 1961.
He was a: Evan Thomas, Ike’s Bluff: President Eisenhower’s Secret Battle to Save the World (Boston: Little, Brown, 2012).
I would have: Richard Reeves, President Kennedy: Profile of Power (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993); also Thomas J. Schoenbaum, Waging Peace and War: Dean Rusk in the Truman, Kennedy, and Johnson Years (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988).
Our job is: Abramson, Spanning the Century, 583.
The effectiveness of: Frederick Nolting, From Trust to Tragedy: The Political Memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy’s Ambassador to Diem’s Vietnam (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988).
It was very: Ellen J. Hammer, A Death in November (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1987).
4 MIRACLES
Kennedy’s father, Joseph: Don Oberdorfer, Senator Mansfield: The Extraordinary Life of a Great American Statesman and Diplomat (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books, 2003), 140.
According to Malachi: John Cooney, The American Pope (New York: Times Books, 1984).
There are only: Rufus Phillips, Why Vietnam Matters (Annapolis, MD.: Naval Institute Press, 2008), 17.
His calmness and: Mike Moyar, Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 66–67.
We rejoice that: New York Times editorial, February 24, 1957.
Although the French: Stanley Karnow, Vietnam: A History (New York: Penguin Books, 1983).
We must keep: FRUS, August 24, 1954. October 22, 1954.
In the event: Senate Report on South Vietnam, 1954.
A losing game: November 15, 1954.
The president decided: Seth Jacobs, America’s Miracle Man in Vietnam (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004).
Just what happened: David L. Anderson, Trapped by Success: The Eisenhower Administration and Vietnam, 1953–1961 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1991).
It was a: John Osborne, Life, May 13, 1957.
Lansdale made sure of the: Stanley Karnow, Vietnam: A History, 222.
The U.S. cannot undertake: FRUS, May 8, 1955.
5 HEAD BUTTS
They meant to: John Osborne, “The Tough Miracle Man of Vietnam,” Life, May 13, 1957.
I got two shots: Elbridge Durbrow, Oral History, 1981, LBJ Library. Austin, Texas.
Express your opinion: A. J. Langguth, Our Vietnam: The War 1954–1975 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000).
He didn’t like: William J. Rust, Kennedy in Vietnam (New York: Scribner’s, 1985).
I was absolutely: Rust, Kennedy in Vietnam.
The U.S. ought: Langguth, Our Vietnam.
I strongly disagreed: William Colby, with James McCargar, Lost Victory: A Firsthand Account of America in Vietnam (Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1989).
Another report had: Denis Warner, The Last Confucian (New York: Macmillan, 1963), 221.
Frail and broken: Durbrow Oral History.
One conversation dealt: Roger Hilsman, To Move a Nation (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1967).
The U.S. should: Edward Lansdale, Saturday Evening Post, May 20, 1961.
This is going: Walt Whitman Rostow, The Diffusion of Power: An Essay in Recent History (Macmillan, New York, 1972).
If we went: Ball interview, WGBH Open Vault, 1981.
The loss of: Memo, Presidential Office files, Nov. 11, 1961.
There are limits: Harris Wofford, Of Kennedys and Kings: Making Sense of the Sixties (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992), 379.
The American embassy: J. Graham Parsons, Oral History, JFK Library, p. 30.
The outcome of: Frederick Nolting, From Trust to Tragedy: The Political Memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy’s Ambassador to Diem’s Vietnam (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988).
Mr. President, I: Richard Reeves, President Kennedy: Profile of Power (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), 118.
You’re going tonight: Howard Burris interview, 2001.
Diem said the: FRUS, Vol. I, Vietnam, 1961, document 54.
Johnson countered with: John M. Newman, JFK and Vietnam: Deception, Intrigue, and the Struggle for Power (New York: Warner Books, 1992), 72.
I found him: Nolting, From Trust to Tragedy, 41.
6 DUE COURSE
Splinter the CIA: New York Times, April 25, 1966, page 1.
He always thought: Jean Kennedy Smith, interview, March 17, 1995.
We put on: Harris Wofford, Of Kennedy and Kings: Making Sense of the Sixties (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux 1980), 125.
When I feel: Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, Oral History, JFK Library.
What the hell: Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954–63 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988).
Can’t you tell: Wofford, Of Kennedy and Kings, 127.
If you mean: McGeorge Bundy, Oral History, JFK Library, March 1964.
There are three: Wofford, Of Kennedys and Kings, 122.
7 WHOPPERS
Malcolm Wilde Browne: Malcolm W. Browne, Muddy Boots & Red Socks (New York: Times Books, 1993); Browne, The New Face of War (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1965).
The muscular: John M. Newman, JFK and Vietnam: Deception, Intrigue, and the Struggle for Power (New York: Warner Books, 1992), 127.
Browne exposed Kennedy’s: FRUS, Vol. III, 7, 1/2/63, Hilsman Memo of Conversation.
He personally approved: Jean Mager Stellman, “The Extent and Patterns of Usage of Agent Orange and Other Herbicides in Vietnam,” Nature, Vol. 442, 2003.
Not known at the time: FRUS, 1–8, 1963, document 77. U.S. Institute of Medicine report on Agent Orange, 1996, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
As the results of: Library of Congress History of the Vietnam War, 1984.
Thomas Hughes, head: The Man Nobody Knew, film documentary about William Colby of the CIA, Carl Colby, 2011.
When the first: Stanley Karnow, Vietnam: A History (New York: Penguin Books, 1983).
Supersedes all: Newman, 152.
Roger Hilsman at: Hilsman Papers, JFK Library.
Project Tiger: John Prados, William Colby and the CIA: The Secret Wars of a Controversial Spymaster (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2009).
Harkins, class of: Karnow, Vietnam; David Halberstam, The Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, New York, 1972).
In Washington, success: William Colby, Honorable Men (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1978); Mike Moyar, Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
Waves of American: Neil Sheehan, A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam (New York: Random House, 1988); William Prochnau, Once Upon a Distant War (New York: Vintage Books, 1996).
8 A NAIL IN THE COFFIN
Say something about: White House tape recording 69, January 8, 1963.
Mansfield was just: Interviews with Mansfield, 1964–1995.
A Secret Service: Don Oberdorfer, Senator Mansfield: The Extraordinary Life of a Great American Statesman and Diplomat (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books, 2003), 194.
The Saigon government: Kenneth P. O’Donnell and David F. Powers, Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye: Memories of John Fitzgerald Kennedy (Boston: Little, Brown, 1972).
The exile’s reception: Douglas Oral History, JFK Library, 1964.
This guy, I think: Hanes Oral Interview, John Foster Dulles collection, Seeley Mudd Library, Princeton University.
Andrew J. Goodpaster: CNN, Cold War Series, 1999.
Once installed in: FRUS, Vol. 1, Vietnam, Document 109, April 9, 1955.
And that’s how: Amory Oral History, JFK Library, February 9, 1966.
I think: Frederick Nolting, From Trust to Tragedy: The Political Memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy’s Ambassador to Diem’s Vietnam (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988).
9 RATHOLES
That practice contributed: William Prochnau, Once Upon a Distant War (New York: Vintage Books, 1996).
It started with: Rufus Phillips, Why Vietnam Matters (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2008).
Diem was sensitive: Seth Jacobs, Cold War Mandarin (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006).
Tri Quang was: Anne Blair, Lodge in Vietnam (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995), 27.
At his post: Elbridge Durbrow, Oral History, LBJ Library.
Can wanted a: Ellen J. Hammer, A Death in November (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1987).
The sky is: Prochnau, Once Upon a Distant War.
They never gave: Frederick Nolting, From Trust to Tragedy: The Political Memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy’s Ambassador to Diem’s Vietnam (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988).
He sent the: Reporting America at War: An Oral History, compiled by Michelle Ferrari (New York: Hyperion, 2003).
It took him: YouTube.Com has several videos of Quang Duc’s death, including one taken with a movie camera (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tVS4iZXkkaU).
The whole trick: Patrick Witty, Time, August 28, 2012.
If Diem does: FRUS, Vol. III, January to August, 167.
I’d never drink: Prochnau, Once Upon a Distant War.
Once the picture: Interview, 1976.
10 HARD CONDITION
The New Frontier: Harris Wofford, Of Kennedy and Kings: Making Sense of the Sixties (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1980), 140.
I think it’s: White House tape recording 85. May 4, 1963.
You could make: White House tape recording 90.3, June 1, 1963.
I think Birmingham: King Oral History, JFK Library.
Jesus Christ!: Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Robert Kennedy and His Times (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1978).
He felt like: Lincoln Diary, October 23–28, JFK Library; Robert Dallek, An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917–1963 (Boston: Little, Brown, 2003).
I was actually: McGeorge Bundy, Oral History 1, JFK Library.
Civil rights,” Albert: White House recording, Dictabelt 22A.2m, June 12, 1963.
I know the risks: Tape recording of Vice President Johnson’s telephone call to Theodore Sorensen, LBJ Audio Library, June 3, 1963.
I can kiss: David Lawrence, Oral History, JFK Library.
There’s no reason: William Doyle, Inside the Oval Office: The White House Tapes from FDR to Clinton (New York: Kodansha USA, 1999).
During his presidency: Merle Miller, Los Angeles Times, July 18, 2003.
King is so hot: White House tape recording 86.2, May 20, 1963.
Despite years of: David J. Garrow, The FBI and Martin Luther King Jr. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981).
I assume you: Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988).
The president was: Antony Lewis, Oral History, JFK Library.
I may lose: Branch, Parting the Waters.
King admitted that: King Oral History, JFK Library; Reeves, President Kennedy, 531; Dallek, An Unfinished Life, 635.
They will destroy: Garrow, The FBI and Martin Luther King Jr., 106.
One package of: Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence, The FBI, Cointelpro and Martin Luther King Jr., Final Report, 1975.
How he was calling: Jacqueline Kennedy, tape-recorded interview with Arthur Schlesinger Jr., 1964.
11 THE PROCONSUL
It is so good: Lodge interview, Beverly, Massachusetts, 1981.
I marvel how: Lodge files, June 18, 1963, Massachusetts Historical Society.
They all will: White House tape recording 104, August 15, 1963.
I think we: White House tape recording 96, July 4, 1963.
I am not bound: William J. Miller, Henry Cabot Lodge: A Biography (New York: James H. Heineman, 1967), 336.
While a portion: Lodge files, Massachusetts Historical Society.
12 THE GUY NEXT TO THE GUY
I want you to: John Michael Dunn, interviews.
I needed someone: Lodge interview.
It was a fun: Dunn, Oral History, LBJ Library.
Death threats: William Prochnau, Once Upon a Distant War (New York: Vintage Books, New York, 1996).
I liked him: Malcolm W. Browne, Muddy Boots & Red Socks (New York: Times Books, 1993), 163.
This was the first glimpse: John Mecklin, Mission in Torment: An Intimate Account of the U.S. Role in Vietnam (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1965), 190.
A dangerous man: Rufus Phillips, Why Vietnam Matters: An Eyewitness Account of Lessons Not Learned (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2008).
Honey was a: Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., The Storm Has Many Eyes: A Personal Narrative (New York: W. W. Norton, 1973), 207.
According to Conein: FRUS, Vol. III, January to August 1963, 275.
The key question: FRUS, Vol. III, January to August 1963, 274.
Suggestion has been made: FRUS, Vol. III, 276, August 24, 11 P.M. (Saigon Time).
13 END RUN
They are pushing: White House tape recording 96, July 4, 1963.
The more important: Rudy Abramson, Spanning the Century: The Life of W. Averell Harriman 1891–1986 (New York: William Morrow, 1992), 589.
In agreement at: David L. Di Leo, George Ball (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 59.
Harriman actually thought: Frederick Nolting, From Trust to Tragedy: The Political Memoirs of Frederick Nolting, Kennedy’s Ambassador to Diem’s Vietnam (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988), 126.
Forrestal became: The Death of Diem, NBC News White Paper, 1971; also William J. Rust, Kennedy in Vietnam (New York: Scribner’s, 1985).
He viewed it: Roswell Gilpatric, Oral History, JFK Library.
He knew what: George Ball, Oral History, LBJ Library.
The president on: Rust, Kennedy in Vietnam, 115.
The president polled: Roger Hilsman, To Move a Nation: The Politics of Foreign Policy in the Administration of John F. Kennedy (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1967), 493.
I should not: White House Dictaphone recording, November 4, 1963.
The fact of: George Ball, Memorandum of Conversation with the President, JFK Library.
14 PERFIDY
They were asking: International Herald Tribune, July 26, 1975.
In case they: John Michael Dunn, interview.
Their meeting was: FRUS, Vol. IV, August–December 1963, 11.
When Ambassador Lodge: Lucein Conein, WGBH Vault, Boston, Massachusetts.
15 LAUREL AND HARDY
White House tape: White House tape recording 107, August 26–28, 1963.
This shit: Gordon M. Goldstein, Lessons in Disaster: McGeorge Bundy and the Path to War in Vietnam, Gordon M. Goldstein (New York: Times Books/Holt, 2008).
The basic lack: William J. Rust and the editors of U.S. News Books, Kennedy in Vietnam (New York: Scribner’s, 1985).
Situation here has: FRUS, Vol. IV, Vietnam, August–December, Lodge Telegram, August 29, 1963, 12.
At the end: FRUS, Vol. IV, Memorandum of Conference with the President, 15, August 29.
Kennedy’s August 30: FRUS, Vol. IV, Vietnam, August–December, 18.
He smoked a: Photographs of White House photographer Cecil Stoughton, August 31, 1963.
16 FINANCIAL INDUCEMENTS
It appears,” Taylor: White House tape recording 107, August 28, 1963.
Kennedy’s order to: FRUS, Vol. IV, August–December 1963, 8.
Dinh was well: Rufus Phillips, Why Vietnam Matters: An Eyewitness Account of Lessons Not Learned (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2008).
The strongest evidence: FRUS, Vol. IV, August–December 1963, November 4, 288.
However, that edited: Bromley Smith, original notes, November 4, 1963, LBJ Library.
17 DEBACLE
At a September: White House tape recording, 111, and reel 1.
If you want: President Lyndon B. Johnson, recorded White House telephone conversation.
I had the impression: William Colby, Honorable Men (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1978).
He placed his: Roswell Gilpatric, Oral History, LBJ Library.
We can say: White House tape recording 114, A9, reel 3.
I never saw: White House tape recording 112.
It was on his: Charles Bartlett, Oral History, JFK Library.
18 LUIGI
I would sit: Lucien Conein, WGBH Open Vault, Boston, Massachusetts, May 7, 1981.
Do not see: FRUS, Vol. IV, Vietnam, August–December, September 17, 1963.
Don arranged for: FRUS, Vol. IV, August–December 1963, October 5, 177.
But during a: Lodge interview, WGBH Open Vault, Boston, Massachusetts, 1979.
Kennedy fired back: FRUS, Vol. IV, August–December 1963, October 5, 1963, 182.
We’ve got a: White House tape recording 118/A54, October 29, 1963.
19 SECOND THOUGHTS
I think that: U.S. Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, 1975. Chaired by Democratic Senator Frank Church, Idaho.
One of the: WGBH Media Files and Archives, 1979.
If you don’t: Church committee, 1975.
What about Diem: White House tape recording 108, reel 3, August 29, 1963.
Kennedy told him: Macdonald interview, 2012.
If we give: White House tape recording 117 A53, October 24, 1963.
The [new] government: FRUS, Vol. IV, Vietnam, August–December, 242, October 30, 1963.
For the first: Henry Cabot Lodge unpublished Vietnam memoir, Lodge Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Massachusetts.
He [the president] wanted a: McGeorge Bundy Oral History, JFK Library.
We are particularly: FRUS, Vol. IV, August–December, 217, October 25, 1963.
Noted the balance: FRUS, Vol. IV, Vietnam, August–December, 236, October 29.
Do not think: FRUS, Vol. IV, Vietnam, August–December, 242, October 30.
Thanks for your: Richard Reeves, President Kennedy: Profile of Power (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), 642.
You know what’s: Robert Kennedy, Robert Kennedy in His Own Words, edited by Edwin O. Guthman and Jeffrey Shulman (New York: Bantam, 1988), 398.
20 FEAST OF THE DEAD
There isn’t a: U.S. News & World Report, October 10, 1983.
You are finished: Stanley Karnow, Vietnam: A History (New York: Penguin Books, 1983).
When he agreed: Rufus Phillips, Why Vietnam Matters: An Eyewitness Account of Lessons Not Learned (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2008). Controlled American Source 2135, CIA documents.
Bundy then commented: FRUS, Vol. IV, Vietnam, August–December, 263, November 1, 1963.
We will have: Captain Do Tho Diary (Saigon: Hoa Binh Publishing House, 1970), 260.
When he told: Conein testimony before the Church Committee, June 20, 1975.
In a rage: An NBC News White Paper, Vietnam Hindsight, December 22, 1971.
21 THE HIT
My president,” Nghia: Interview, 2012.
Why have you: Cong Luan newspaper, No. 882, November 26, 1970; Luong Khai Minh, Cao Vi Hoang (Cao The Dung), How to Kill a President: A Historical Record, unpublished; Nguyen Ngoc Huy, “Ngo Dinh Diem’s Execution,” World View, November 1976.
Nhu flicked a: Captain Do Tho Diary (Saigon: Hoa Binh Publishing House, 1970), 260–265.
Later, Nhung showed: Malcolm W. Browne, Muddy Boots & Red Socks (New York: Times Books, 1993), 167.
Every Vietnamese has: FRUS, Vol. IV, Vietnam, August–December 1963, November 2, 269, 270.
Generals must preserve: FRUS 2271, November 2.
What did he: Oral History, LBJ Library.
EPILOGUE: WASHINGTON
I was shocked: White House Dictabelt, 52.1, November 4, 1963.
Just require Diem’s: Interview, 2012.
It was a legitimate: FRUS, Vol. IV, Vietnam, August–December, 289, November 4.
Tell Khanh to: Captain Do Tho Diary (Saigon: Hoa Binh Publishing House, 1970).
Henry Cabot Lodge: Robert Kennedy, Robert Kennedy in His Own Words, edited by Edwin O. Guthman and Jeffrey Shulman (New York: Bantam, 1988). 17.
They’re going to: Healy interview, 1981.
On the afternoon: Patrick J. Sloyan, “Total Domination,” American Journalism Review, May 1998.
In France, it: Inspector General John Earman of the Central Intelligence Agency, Report on Plots to Assassinate Fidel Castro, 1967. Declassified in 1999.
President Johnson told: FRUS, Vol. IV, Vietnam, August–December, 330, November 24.
He ain’t worth: Mike Moyar, Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 293.
They were gifts: Ellen J. Hammer, A Death in November: America in Vietnam 1963 (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1987), 309.
This requires a: FRUS, Vol. I, Vietnam, 1964, 30, February 1.
While Vietnam threatened: Barry M. Goldwater, With No Apologies: The Personal and Political Memoirs of United States Senator Barry M. Goldwater (New York: William Morrow, 1979), 193.
As the Saigon: FRUS, Vol. I, Vietnam, 1964, 432.
Hot damn, I’m: Interview, Jack Valenti, 1981.
Through a variety: William Tuohy, Dangerous Company: Inside the World’s Hottest Trouble Spots with a Pulitzer Prize–Winning War Correspondent (New York: William Morrow, 1987).
African-Americans and: FRUS, Vol. VI, Vietnam, 1968, 80, February 20.
Blacks were suffering James Maycock, “War Within War,” The Guardian, September 14, 2001.
He told me: Mansfield interview, 1986.
However, Roswell Gilpatric: Oral History, LBJ Library.
Had Diem lived: CNN, Cold War, Episode 11, 1998.
Diem’s overthrow set: Maxwell D. Taylor, Swords and Plowshares (New York: W. W. Norton, 1972), 302.
I want you to read this: Richard Reeves, President Kennedy: Profile of Power (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), 305.
The Diem overthrow: CBS News, 1969.