Index
1982 Constitution, 9, 178, 192
aangone’itewin, 8
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, 49, 63, 93, 165
Aboriginal Healing Foundation (AHF), 18, 61, 75, 111, 123
alternative dispute resolution (ADR) process, 18–19, 109, 110–11, 122
Angeconeb, Garnet, 111
Anglican Church, 16, 72, 81, 83, 112, 200
Anishinaabe aki (the Earth), 191
anti-Americanism, 174
Armenian genocide, 25–6, 154, 165–6, 167, 169
Assembly of First Nations (AFN), 18, 19, 23, 109, 123, 178
Assembly of First Nations of Quebec and Labrador, 178
Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs, 145
Australia, 34, 41, 47, 49, 50, 55, 63, 93, 98, 100–3, 145, 148, 165
Australian Human Rights Commission, 63, 93, 101–2
Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, 27, 47
Blackstock, Cindy, 7
Bosnian Serbs, 63
Breaking the Silence (genocide gallery, Canadian Museum for Human Rights), 169
Bringing Them Home (Australian Human Rights Commission report on that country’s child removal policies), 63, 101–3
British North America Act (BNA Act), 13, 67–8
Brown Martel, Marcia, 93
Bryce, Peter, 137–8
Buffalo Treaty, 196
Butera, Éloge, 126
Cachagee, Michael, 6, 18, 58–9
Canadian Museum for Human Rights, 21, 60, 131, 164, 167–71
Cardinal, Harold, 123
Catholic Church, 5, 15, 16, 18–19, 71–3, 109, 116, 117, 130–1, 138, 146, 152, 158–61
Children of Shingwauk Alumni Association, 18
Children’s Aid Society (CAS), 91–2
Chrisjohn, Roland, 53
class action lawsuits, 19, 93, 103, 104, 107, 109, 115, 198. See also Day Scholars Class Action lawsuit
Coates, Ken, 153–4
colourism, 89
Common Experience Payments (CEPs), 19–20, 113–15, 122, 160
complex sovereignties, 23, 195
conciliation, 4, 7, 22–3, 145, 154, 181, 182–200. See also reconciliation
Confederation, 15, 67, 175, 177
Couillard, Philippe, 178
Covenant Chain belt, 11
Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act (CAHWCA), 39
Criminal Code, 5, 6, 24, 38, 40, 102, 131, 198
cultural genocide, 6, 28–31, 36, 37–8, 40, 41–3, 44, 46, 58–9, 90, 96, 104, 106, 123, 125, 126, 127–9, 131–2, 145, 146, 147, 149, 164, 198
Daschuk, James, 16, 33, 57, 64
Day Scholars Class Action lawsuit, 160
Deerchild, Rosanna, 173
“depravity narrative,” 173
Dieter, Constance, 74
Duhamel, Karine, 168, 170, 171
Durieu system, 79
events (TRC), regional and National, 6, 24, 44, 91, 106–7, 108, 117, 118–22, 124, 126, 127–8, 130, 135, 152
File Hills Colony, 87
forced conversion, 80
forced marriage, 87
Frankl, Viktor, 155
French settlement, 176
Gacumbitsi, 34
Gorta Mór, 8
Gradual Civilization Act, 67–8
“grounded normativity,” 188
Haida Gwaii, 196
hard Indigenous rights, 179, 186, 194, 200
Harp, Rick, 173
Highway, Tomson, 156
Himmler, Heinrich, 147
Hinton, Alex, 26
Holocaust, 16, 25–6, 31, 123, 124, 127, 146, 147, 151, 154, 155, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169
Holodomor, 8, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169
“honorary witnesses,” 121–2, 126
Hubbard, Tasha, 55
Idle No More movement, 56, 121, 173, 189
Independent Assessment Process (IAP), 19–20, 84, 108, 111, 113–15, 122, 157, 160
Indian Act, 10, 12, 15, 17, 63, 67–8, 70, 73, 80, 93, 150, 170, 183, 184, 194, 195, 199
Indian Affairs, Department of, 15, 16, 17, 51, 65, 67, 69–70, 73, 78, 82, 85, 98, 117, 133, 137, 138, 142, 143
Indian residential schools, 4, 7, 9, 12, 14, 20, 21, 24, 39–40, 53, 58, 61–90, 91–2, 94–5, 97, 113, 114, 116, 123, 127, 128, 133–45, 146, 148, 149, 151–2, 153–4, 156, 163, 172, 173, 179, 197. See also Indian residential schools (IRS) system
Indian residential schools (IRS) system, 4–7, 9, 12, 14–18, 20, 21–2, 23, 33, 34, 37, 40, 43, 44, 45, 58–60, 61–90, 98, 104–5, 109–10, 114, 116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124–7, 129–30, 133–4, 136, 138–42, 146–7, 149–55, 158–9, 160–2, 164, 169–71, 172, 173, 176, 183, 198–9. See also Indian residential schools
Indian Residential Schools Resolution Canada, 18
Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement (IRSSA), 16, 19–20, 21, 61, 107–8, 109, 111, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 134, 160
Indigenous self-determination, 9–11, 22, 145, 173, 185, 186, 187–91, 192, 195–7, 200
intergenerational trauma, 77, 105
International Criminal Court (ICC), 30, 37, 39
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), 30, 33, 34–5, 65
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), 30, 32, 34, 35, 36
Inuit, 9, 12, 62, 92, 93, 98, 150, 164, 171
Kiernan, Ben, 32
Krstić Appeal, 34
Ladner, Kiera, 7
Langevin, Hector, 68
Law Commission of Canada, 163
League of Indians of Canada, 17
Lebensborn program, 66, 146–51
legalist conception of genocide, 4–5, 20–1, 25–6, 44–5, 49–52, 60, 61, 92, 102, 106, 131
Legault, François, 179
Lemkin, Raphael, 4, 24–30, 36, 43, 45–9, 53, 58, 101, 102
Lett, Adam, 3
Liberal Party of Canada, 164–5
Lightfoot, Sheryl, 186
Lindberg, Tracey, 54, 182, 184
linguistic suppression, 81
Little Bear, Leroy, 54
Littlechild, Wilton, 5, 116, 124, 132, 140
Logan, Tricia, 168
Lost Generations. See Stolen Generations
MacBain, Robert, 148
Macdonald, John A., 4, 15, 16, 68–9, 126
Mahoney, Katherine, 109
Malboeuf v. Saskatchewan, 39
McAdam, Sylvia Saysewahum, 56
McCallum, Mary Jane, 8
McLachlin, Beverley, 127–8
Métis, 9–10, 12, 13, 17, 20, 57, 88, 92, 97–8, 150, 164, 168, 171
Miller, James R., 22, 62, 66, 83, 123, 125, 155
Mills, Aaron, 13
Missing Children and Unmarked Burials Project, 134–6
Mosby, Ian, 142
Mount Cashel Orphanage, 18, 159, 161
multiculturalism, 57, 110, 165, 172, 174, 176–7, 179–81
Mundorff, Kurt, 158
name changing, 80–1
Napoleon, Val, 190
National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation (NCTR), 115
National Council for Reconciliation, 132
National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (NIMMIWG), 11, 183–4
National Museum of the American Indian, 124
National Residential School Student Death Register, 135, 138
National Residential School Survivors Society, 6, 58, 91
Nazi Germany, 27, 30–1, 34, 46, 47, 57, 166. See also Lebensborn program
“necropolitics,” 144
Newfoundland and Labrador, 18, 20, 159
Niezen, Ronald, 152–3, 154, 155, 158–9
numbering of children, 81
Oblate order, 79, 83, 112, 134, 152, 156
official apology by Canadian government to Indian residential school Survivors, 20, 73, 102, 110, 168, 172
pass system, 77
Paul, Daniel, 64
Pearson, Lester Bowles, 38
Pedley, Frank, 69
physical abuse, 9, 12, 18–19, 20, 39–40, 63, 76, 79–80, 83–5, 91, 93, 109, 110–12, 114, 116–17, 130–1, 141, 146, 152, 154–5, 157, 158–61, 168–73. See also sexual abuse
pluralist conception of genocide, 4, 5, 21, 25, 49, 51–2, 59–60, 61, 83–5, 92, 106, 131–2
Porrajmos, 8
post-judicial mandate of Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, 41, 106, 107–9, 124. See also Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) of Canada
Quebec, 18, 44, 82, 127, 161, 165–6, 174, 176–9, 180
Razack, Sherene, 51
reconciliation, 4, 7, 22–3, 73, 92, 102, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 127, 128, 138, 145, 149, 163, 164, 168, 170–1, 180, 182–3, 184, 186, 189, 191–2, 200. See also conciliation; Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) of Canada
reductive frames, 172–3
Regan, Paulette, 117, 123, 183, 185
Re Residential Schools, 40
retrogression, 85–6
Robinson, Dylan, 13
Rome Statute of International Criminal Court, 37, 39
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), 61, 73, 75
Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP), 10, 18, 66, 109, 117, 137, 195
Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, 176
RuSHA (SS Race and Settlement Main Office) trials, 147, 158
Russell, Peter, 177
Rwandan genocide, 26, 34, 53, 57, 64, 126, 165, 169
Ryerson, Egerton, 67
Schabas, William, 25, 33, 35–6, 141
Scott, Duncan Campbell, 3, 65, 70, 74, 170
settlers, 3–4, 5–8, 10–12, 13–15, 16, 17, 21–3, 26, 30, 36, 39, 41–2, 43, 44, 46–7, 49–52, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59–60, 62, 65, 67–8, 70, 72–3, 78, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 100, 101, 104–5, 106, 110, 112, 115, 119, 139, 143–5, 146–7, 150, 154, 160–1, 163–4, 165, 171–7, 179–81, 182–3, 184–7, 189–90, 191–200
Seventies Scoop. See Sixties Scoop
sexual abuse, 10–11, 18–19, 83–5, 93, 109, 110–12, 114, 116–17, 130–1, 154–5, 157, 158–60, 173. See also physical abuse
Shoah, 8
Shoah Foundation, 124
Simpson, Leanne, 187
Sinclair, Murray, 12, 16–17, 23, 24, 39, 98–100, 106, 107, 108, 114–15, 116, 124–6, 127, 128, 129, 131, 136, 141, 145, 170
Six Nations, 17
Sixties Scoop, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 17, 21, 43, 45, 62, 91–105, 126, 165, 173
soft Indigenous rights, 186
Srebrenica massacres, 63, 165, 169
Starblanket, Tamara, 40–1
statement gathering, 136
St. Laurent, Louis, 38
Stolen Generations, 34, 93, 100–3
Survivors of Indian residential schools, 4, 6, 9, 10, 14, 18–20, 24–5, 58, 61, 66–7, 75, 78, 79, 80–2, 83–5, 88–9, 91, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109–12, 113–15, 116–17, 118, 119, 120–2, 124, 125, 126–7, 128, 130, 131–2, 133–5, 139–41, 145, 153, 155–7, 160, 165, 166, 169, 173
Tiny House Warriors movement, 189
Trans Mountain Pipeline, 189
Trudeau, Justin, 164, 179, 189
Trudeau, Pierre, 176, 179, 192
Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) of Canada, 4, 5, 6, 12, 14, 19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 31, 41, 61, 81, 84, 85, 90, 91, 105, 106–32, 133–45, 148, 152–3, 155, 158–9, 160, 164, 170–1, 172, 174, 181, 184, 190. See also post-judicial mandate of Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada
tuberculosis, 3, 51, 52, 57, 136–7, 141, 142–3
Turtle Island, 4, 183, 184, 196
Ukrainian famine (Holodomor), 8, 165, 166, 167
United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (UNGC), 4–6, 7, 16–17, 21, 24, 25–6, 28, 30–43, 45, 46, 47, 48–9, 53–4, 56–7, 58–60, 61, 62–4, 65, 85, 90, 91–105, 109, 123, 124, 126, 127, 129–30, 131–2, 142, 144, 148, 151, 158, 163, 197, 198
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 22, 42, 110, 116, 128, 131, 190, 193, 198
United Nations General Assembly, 28
United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, 5
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 40–1
Waisman, Robbie, 126
Wannsee Conference, 31, 32, 51
White Paper of Liberal government, 179
Whiteye, Bud, 75
Wilson, Marie, 106, 107, 108, 116, 117, 124, 126, 127–8, 136
Woolford, Andrew, 22, 51, 59, 66
World Movement to Outlaw Genocide, 28
Yellowhead Institute, 173