1. Erwin Schrödinger, What is Life? (Cambridge University Press, 1944), p. 23.
2. Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species (John Murray; 2nd edn, 1860), p. 490.
3. David Deutsch, The Beginning of Infinity: Explanations that Transform the World (Penguin, 2011), p. 1.
4. S. I. Walker, ‘The descent of math’, in: A. Aguirre, B. Foster and Z. Merali (eds.), Trick of Truth: The Mysterious Connection between Physics and Mathematics (Springer, 2016).
5. Richard Dawkins, Climbing Mount Improbable (Norton, 1996).
6. Eric Smith and Harold Morowitz, The Origin and Nature of Life on Earth (Cambridge University Press, 2016).
7. Bernd-Olaf Küppers, ‘The nucleation of semantic information in prebiotic matter’, in: E. Domingo and P. Schuster (eds.), Quasispecies: From Theory to Experimental Systems. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol. 392, 23–42. See also Carlo Rovelli, ‘Meaning and intentionality = information + evolution’, in: A. Aguirre, B. Foster and Z. Merali (eds.), Wandering Towards a Goal: How Can Mindless Mathematical Laws Give Rise to Aims and Intention? (Springer, 2018), pp. 17–27.
8. Eric Smith, ‘Chemical Carnot cycles, Landauer’s principle and the thermodynamics of natural selection’, Talk/Lecture, Bariloche Complex Systems Summer School (2008).