Abingdon Abbey 228
Act of Six Articles (1539) 338, 339, 340–1, 426
Act of Succession (1534, 1536) 235, 241, 256, 289
Act of Suppression of the Lesser Monasteries (1536) 260–1
Act of Supremacy (1534) 243
Albuquerque, Duke of 391
Alcaraz, Dr 34
Ales, Alexander 339
Allen, Thomas 120, 128
Alsop, Thomas
in Barber Surgeons’ portrait 392
attends several members of the king’s circle 393
provides various compounds for pet animals and birds 393
supplies lotions and potions to Henry and Edward 393
supplies perfumed substances for Henry’s coffin 421
wealth and success 421–2
Alward, Thomas 173, 174
Amelia of Cleves 332
André, Bernard 32
Anglo-French alliance 102, 107, 173
Anglo-Imperial alliance 196, 265, 380, 383
Anne of Cleves
Holbein’s portrait of 331–4, 332
negotiations for her marriage to Henry 331, 333
unfavourable reports concerning 331
abashed at Henry kissing her in disguise 343
agrees to swear that she is free to marry 346
contracted to marry François of Lorraine 346, 362
formally meets Henry on Blackheath Common 346–7
innocent of the ways of men 347–8
attends Mayday tournaments 351
power struggle surrounding her marriage 351–2
urged to please the king 351–2
annulment of marriage 362
given some of Cromwell’s possessions 363
Anne of York 78
Annebault, Claude d’, Admiral of France 409
Armin, Robert 377
Arthur, Prince
birth of 11, 13–14
education 11–12, 32–3
household 11
health of 13
character and description 16, 32–3, 34
relationship with his brother 16
marriage to Catherine of Aragon 18, 32–6, 76
betrothed to Catherine of Aragon 19, 31
created Prince of Wales 21
named after King Arthur 73
death of 5, 36, 37
Arthurs Plantagenet see Lisle, 1st Viscount
Arundel, Earl of 18, 150
Ascham, Roger 292, 388
Askew, Anne 405–6, 407
Audley, Thomas
works closely with Cromwell 210, 211
appointed speaker of the Commons 211
as skilful and persuasive orator 211
religious sympathies 212
passed over as Lord Chancellor 227
appointed Lord Chancellor 231
character and description 231, 394–5
considered to be ‘a good seller of justice
whenever he could find a buyer’ 231
has strictly business relationship with Henry 231, 232
passes sentence on More 246
appoints commissions for hearing and judging pleas of the crown 277
accompanies Anne to the Tower 279
at trial of Anne 282
delivers verdict against Anne’s alleged adulterers 282
granted permission to visit Edward at Havering 319, 321
marries Lady Elizabeth Grey 319
rewards and appointments 319, 358, 363
presides over trial of Courtenay, Neville and Pole 326
sent to Cleves 332
ordered to collect new tax 333–4
no longer trusted by Cromwell 334
parliamentary speech on King’s desire to
control ‘diversity of opinions’ 337
attaints Cromwell 358
informed of Katherine’s affair with Culpeper 370
interrogates Katherine 371
attends commission on Dereham and
Culpeper 373
death of 394
reputation of 394–5
Avignon 159, 161, 162
Ayala, Pedro de 56
Bacon, Francis
on Henry VII’s appearance 10
compares Prince Henry with his brother
Prince Arthur 16
depicts Henry VII as loving father 16
on Henry VII’s fearfulness and suspicions 23, 24
on birth of Prince Edmund 24
on Henry VII’s kingship 24
on Brandon being in debt 50
notes similarities between the Henry’s 55
describes the King as ‘sad, serious, full of
thoughts and secret observations’ 56
on Henry VII;s increasing reclusiveness and parsimony 59
on Henry’s keeping ‘a straight hand on his
nobility’ 67–8
Barber Surgeons’ Company 392, 393
Barnes, Robert 110, 341, 345, 353
Barre, Ellen 401–2
Barre, Matthew 401
Barton, Elizabeth (‘Maid of Kent’) 237–9, 240
Baumbach, Ludwig von 348
Beaufort family 30
Beaufort, Lady Margaret
believes Henry has right to the throne 10
records births of her grandchildren 13–14
attends ceremony creating Henry VII Duke of York 17
possibly suggests Skelton as royal tutor 20
Edward and Henry Stafford as wards of 30
Elizabeth Denton transferred to household of 39
influence on Henry 42
as nominal regent for ten weeks 64
death of 69
Beaulieu 124
Becon, Thomas, description of Gardiner 170–1
Bedford, John Russell, 1st Earl
rewards and appointments 53–4, 328–9, 363, 378, 423, 425
as one of Henry’s favourites 54, 286, 314, 357, 378
disparaging remarks on Browne 126
sent to petition Pope in Rome 160
as spy for Wolsey 163
assures Wolsey of Henry’s continuing
support for 180
loyalty, discretion and commitment to
Wolsey 180, 191, 314
helps Cromwell’s promotion at court 205
writes to a friend that Henry ‘hath come out
of hell into heaven’ 286
involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace 301
given jewels belonging to Jane Seymour 313–14
character and description 314, 378
granted many of Courtenay’s lands 327
learns of Henry’s dislike for Anne of Cleves 344
on Henry’s paranoia 352–3
Holbein’s sketch of 378
takes part in French campaign 396, 398
finds favour in both Edward VI and Mary’s reigns 425
Bellay, Guillaume du 178, 180
Bellay, Jean du 156
Benet, William 172
Bergavenny, George Neville, 3rd Baron 81, 141
Birling (Kent) 106
Blackheath, Battle of (1497) 117
Blagge, George 404–5, 408
Bletchingley (Surrey) 141
Blount, Elizabeth ‘Bessie’ 113–14, 196
Blount, William see Mountjoy, William Blount, Lord
Bodmin Moor 22
Boleyn, Anne
failure to provide male heir 1
character and description 146–7, 189, 271–2
attracts the king’s attention 147–8, 150
prevented from marrying Henry Percy 147
benefits from excellent education 149
despised as the ‘Great Whore’ 166
hostility towards Wolsey and others 174, 189, 191
Chapuys views on 177
allies herself with Cromwell 214–15
pre-eminence uncontested 214
marries Henry 229–31
pregnancies and births 231, 235, 255, 257, 259–60
antipathy towards Cromwell 264–6, 271
downfall orchestrated by Cromwell 271–85
execution of 284–5
Boleyn, Elizabeth Howard, marriage to Thomas Boleyn 77
Boleyn, George see Rochford, 2nd Viscount
Boleyn, Jane 368
Boleyn, Mary
attends Field of Cloth of Gold 131
becomes mistress of Francis I 131
character and description 131
found position in queen’s household 131
marries William Carey 131
affair with Henry 136, 147
gives birth to a son 154
Boleyn, Thomas see Wiltshire, 1st Earl
Bonner, Edmund, Bishop of London 206
Boorde, Andrew, First Book of Knowledge 377
Bosworth, battle of 50, 78
Boulogne 395, 396–8, 399, 409
Bourbon, Nicholas (poet) 243, 250
Brandon, Charles see Suffolk, 1st Duke
Brandon, Henry see Suffolk, 2nd Duke
Brasted (Kent) 141
Bray, Reginald 51
Bray, Sir Reginald 67
Brereton, Elizabeth Somerset 230
Brereton, Sir Randolph 230
Brereton, William
family background 230
as one of Henry’s favourites 230
as potential obstacle to Cromwell 230–1
accused of adultery with Anne 281
conveyed to the Tower 281
Brest 95
Bristowe, Nicholas 82, 360
Brittany 10
Browne, Sir Anthony
appointed to the privy chamber 126
family background 126
as one of Henry’s favourites 126, 342–3
assists Cromwell in the downfall of Anne 273–4
notes Henry’s abhorrence of Anne of Cleves 348
severs all connections with Cromwell 351
joins Suffolk and Norfolk in Boulogne 396
involved in proceedings against Surrey and Norfolk 413
tells the king that he is close to death 415
informs Edward of his father’s death 419
at coronation of Edward VI 424
Bruges 143
Bryan, Sir Francis 257
known as the ‘Vicar of Hell’ 7, 276, 315
changes allegiance from the Howards to the Seymours 35
character and description 115–16, 165
family background 115
loses an eye jousting 115
passion for jousting, gambling and tennis 115
as one of Henry’s favourites 116, 228–9, 380
rewards and appointments 116, 380, 408, 425
sexually promiscuous demanding ‘a soft bed and a hard harlot’ 116, 167, 380
speaks openly and frankly to Henry 116
Wyatt staggered and concerned at his wanderlust 116–17
removed from court 122
attends Field of Cloth of Gold 136–7
accompanies Wolsey to France 160
supports Anne in the king’s ‘Great Matter’ 160
committed to annulment but ideologically opposed to it 165
diplomatic abilities 165, 167, 380
warns Henry of support for Catherine 165–6
provides crucial testimony of Catherine’s
refusal to submit to royal authority 232
distances himself from Anne and her brother George 258
escapes being implicated in alleged adultery with Anne 275–6
involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace 301
asked to arrange for kidnap or assassinate
Reginald Pole 304
at christening of Edward 312–13
Cromwell’s investigations into 314–16
ousted from the privy chamber 316
on battles waged between the king’s men 350
reviews coastal defences 398
gifted Surrey’s gold gown 416
finds favour in Edward VI’s reign 425
marriage to Joan Butler 425
death of 425
Bryan, Lady Margaret 320, 328, 369
Buckingham, Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke 68, 71
ruthlessness of 5
at Henry’s knighting ceremony 18
birth and family background 30
chief mourner at funeral of Prince Edmund 30
conspicuousness at court 30
attends marriage of Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon 33
as possible future king 41
grumbles about Henry’s male appointments 73
accuses Compton of having an affair with his sister 75
Buckingham, Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke (cont.)
complains that Wolsey would undo all
noblemen if he could 128–9
Wolsey ordered to keep a watch on 129
attends Field of Cloth of Gold 137–8
character and description 138
dislike of Wolsey 138
Henry’s hostility towards 138–9
arrested on suspicion of treason and
executed 139–41, 323
lands divided among the king’s favourites 141–2
Bulmer, Sir William 138Hopkins, Nicholas 130
Butler, Joan, Dowager Duchess of Ormond 425
Butler, Sir Thomas 297
Butts, Sir William
Henry’s favourite physician 7, 190, 244
character and description 190
sent to Wolsey 190
acts like a father to Nicholas Bourbon 244
warns Lady Shelton of possible poisoning of Mary 258–9
looks after several members of Henry’s family 369, 372, 392
friendship with Cranmer 386
as one of Henry’s favourites 386, 392
in Barber Surgeons portrait 392
influence and patronage 411–12
works hand in glove with Denny 411
death of 412
referred to as ‘a considerable man of affairs’ 412
Cadiz 93
Calais 97, 117, 123, 131, 306, 338, 345, 351, 397
Calais Castle 126
Cambrai 173
Cambridge University 20, 216–17, 245–6
Jesus College 217
King’s College 170
St John’s College 69, 119
Campano (papal chamberlain) 166
Campeggio, Cardinal Lorenzo 165, 166, 173–4
Canterbury Cathedral 14
Capel, Giles, friendship with Henry 50 Cardiff 20
Carew, Sir Edmund 117
Carew, Elizabeth Bryan 117, 328
Carew, Sir Gawain 407
Carew, George 399
Carew, Sir Nicholas 364
appointed to the privy chamber 117
close friendship with Brandon and Bryan 117–18
distinguishes himself in the field of combat 117
family background 117
marries Elizabeth Bryan 117
as one of Henry’s favourites 118, 153–4, 267, 292
supports Coffin in his pursuit of Margaret Vernon 120
removed from court 122
sent to Calais 123
returns to court 125–6
granted land and honours 141–2
entrusted with number of diplomatic
missions 154, 193
sent to Bologna to obtain emperor’s ratification
of Cambrai treaty 173
unwilling to support the annulment 193
accompanies Henry and Anne to France 229
distances himself from Anne 258
forges alliance with the Seymours 258
shelters Will Somer from Henry’s rage 258
determined to oust Anne 267
elected Knight of the Garter 277
at christening of Edward 312
convicted and beheaded 327–8
lands forfeited but his family helped by
Cromwell 328
Carew, Sir Richard 117
Carey, Eleanor 163
Carey, Henry 182
Carey, William
as one of Henry’s favourites 118
removed from court 122
marries Mary Boleyn 131
attends Field of Cloth of Gold 136
aware of Henry’s affair with Mary 136
rewarded with grants of land 136
weathers Wolsey’s reforms 154
death of 155
Castillon, Louis de Perreau 314
Catherine of Aragon
betrothal and marriage to Arthur 19, 31, 32–6, 76
character and description 32
devoutness of 32
betrothal and marriage to Henry 38–9, 48, 52–3, 54, 57–9, 68
reaction to possibility of marriage to Henry VII 44
household dismantled by Henry VII 53
asks to return Spain and a religious life 60
pregnancies and births 91–2, 112, 113–14
attends Field of Cloth of Gold 131–2
Henry wishes to rid himself of her 148
fiercely opposed to Fitzroy’s ennoblement 150
several of her ladies removed by Wolsey 155
informed that Henry intended to annul their marriage 159
refuses to retire to a monastery 166
hostility towards Wolsey 171
Chapuys as close adviser and unofficial advocate for 175–6
Carew’s loyalty towards 183
thrown out of court 212
marriage declared null and void 232
refuses to accept being Dowager Princess 234
death and burial 258–9
Catherine of Valois 9
Cavendish, George
compares Henry VII with his son 62
on Neville’s likeness to the king 77
as biographer of Wolsey 85
on Wolsey perceiving ‘a plain path to walk
in towards promotion’ 86
on Wolsey ruling ‘all of them that before
ruled him’ 88
on Henry’s love for Wolsey 89, 91
on the lengths Wolsey would go to delight
the king 89–90
on Wolsey’s understanding of gaining
promotion 90–1
on Fortune favouring no man longer ‘than
she is disposed’ 146
on Suffolk’s outburst at annulment proceedings 171
on humiliation of Wolsey 173
witnesses Russell assuring Wolsey of Henry’s
continuing support for 180
observes Cromwell weeping on deaths of his
wife and daughters 182
describes meeting with Henry concerning
Wolsey 200–1
on Cromwell as low-born upstart 207
on Weston’s ’wanton lust’ 272
Cawarden, Sir Thomas
superintends spectacular entertainments 7, 409
family background 376
rapid rise in favour 376–7
Cawood 196
Caxton, William 21
Cecil, Richard 82, 360
Chambre, John
in Barber Surgeons portrait 392
long-serving physician to Henry and Edward 392–3
builds St Stephen’s Chapel, Westminster at
his own cost 393
combines medical career with one in the Church 393
as founder member of College of Physicians 393
letter on Jane Seymour’s health 393
Chapuys, Eustace
unable to form judgment on the king 6
appointed Charles V’s ambassador to England 175
arrival in London 175
character and description 175, 397
as close adviser to Catherine 175–6
aware of consequences of schism with
Rome 176–7
on Henry acting out of lust not conscience 176
works hard to undermine ‘the Concubine’
Anne Boleyn 177
on Cromwell’s behaviour towards Wolsey 187
on Cromwell’s leisure pursuits 188
shrewd observation of Thomas Howard 189
considers Norfolk to be ‘a bad dissembler’ 195
on Wolsey continuing ‘to inquire how the
queen’s cause is progressing’ 195
reports death of Wolsey to Charles V 200
on conversation with Cromwell 202
on Cromwell’s always consulting the king 204
on Anne’s attempt to bring about Norfolk’s disgrace 214
prepares Catherine’s formal protest and
presents case to council 232
on uncharacteristic mistake made by Cromwell 244
on Henry’s ‘attachment’ to Jane Seymour 251, 252
expresses surprise at Gardiner’s volte face 255
insinuates that Catherine’s death was due to poison 258
on Henry’s coldness towards Anne 260
on Cromwell’s extraordinary productivity 263
on Anne’s animosity towards Cromwell 264
holds series of discreet meetings with
Cromwell 267–9
convinced Cromwell instigator of Anne’s downfall 271
on Cromwell being well-rewarded by Henry 277
persuades Mary to submit to Henry 289
rumours concerning Mary’s possible
marriage to Cromwell 291
complains about Cromwell’s withholding
information 294
on the priesthood’s hatred of Cromwell’s
reformist stance 296
involved in English rebellions of the north 299
on Norfolk’s inconstancy 300–1
opinion on Carew’s fall from grace 327
on Cromwell’s refusing to abandon new tax collection 334
bemoans fate of monks and nuns 335
recalled to the Netherlands 335
apparently told by Cromwell that he would
king himself one day 353
on Wyatt’s pardon 365
on Henry’s state of mind after execution of
Katherine 374
health of 383
reluctantly joins Henry in France 396
wrangling over peace treaty between Charles
V and Francis I 396–7
relationship with Henry 397
retires to the Netherlands 397
on Dudley as one of the most influential
advisers 400
on Wriothesley’s influence and authority 402
Charles II de Valois, duc d’Orléans 156, 167
Charles II of England 1
Charles III, Duke of Bourbon 175
Charles V
Margaret of Anjou as regent on his behalf 99
character and description 105, 130
concludes defensive league with Wolsey 113
elected Holy Roman Emperor 130
meets Henry at Gravelines 135
Wolsey attempts to resolve differences with
Francis I 142–4
sacks Rome and effectively takes pope prisoner 159, 166
makes peace with Clement 172
and treaty of Cambrai 173
appoints Chapuys as ambassador to England 175–6
meets Thomas Boleyn 192–3
diplomatic mission to 217–18
upbraids English ambassador on news of
More’s execution 248
Anne’s attempts to make him accept royal
supremacy 265
Cromwell hopes to build bridges with 267–8
informed of rumours concerning Mary’s
possible marriage to Cromwell 291
forges new alliance with Francis I 330
Bryan appointed ambassador to 380
concludes treaty with Henry 383
involved in war with France 384
campaign in France 391
concludes peace treaty with Francis 396–7
Cheke, Sir John 386, 388, 390, 411
Cherbury, Edward Herbert, 1st Baron 152
Christina of Denmark 331
Cinque Ports 16
Claude de Lorraine, Duc de Guise 380
Claude, Queen of France 103, 146
Clement VII, Pope 159, 162, 165, 172, 218
Clerk, William 409
Cleves, Johann, Duke of 330
Cochlaeus, Johannes 245
Coffin, William 118, 120
Colet, John, Dean of St Paul’s 27, 154, 292
Collectanea satis copiosa 219
Colt, Sir John 65
Compton, William
appointed to Henry’s household 39
family background 39
survives joust with Henry 72
appointed groom of the stool 74–5
as one of Henry’s favourites 74–5
accused of sexual transgression 75
survives joust with Neville 78
relinquishes his post of groom 151–2
returns to the king’s favour 151, 152
accused by Wolsey of living in adultery 152
character and description 152
death of 152, 182
Constantine, George 319
Convocations 223–4, 232, 295, 296, 362, 383
Conway, Sir Hugh 42
Council of the North 306, 328
Council of the West 328, 363
Courrière, Montmorency de 379
Court of Augmentations 261
Courtenay, Henry see Exeter, Marquess of
Coverdale, Myles 254
Cox, Richard 388
Cranmer, Margaret 338
Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury
background and education 216–17
studies theology and becomes doctor of divinity 216, 217
as figurehead for religious reform 217, 219–20
grief stricken at death of his wife Joan and baby 217
takes part in diplomatic mission to Charles V 217–18
as firm advocate for Henry’s ‘Great Matter’ 218–20, 222
as one of Henry’s favourites 218, 221, 222, 340, 382, 383, 385
suggests canvassing university theologians to
help with the king’s ‘Great Matter’ 218–19
character and description 219, 221–2, 382
as close associate of Cromwell 219–20, 306, 333
wins favour with the Boleyn family 219
appointed ambassador to the German states 220
appointed Archbishop of Canterbury 220–1
unswerving dedication to the king’s will 222
arranges Henry’s marriage to Anne 230
presides over Convocation to annul Henry’s
marriage to Catherine 232
presides over christening of Elizabeth 235
disapproves of destruction of the monasteries 265
involved in downfall of Anne 279, 283
helps to stamp out doubts concerning royal
supremacy 295
as subject of popular ballad 298
as godfather to Edward 312
suppresses differences of opinion with Henry 317–18
sends his wife Margaret back to Germany 338
tries to oppose Act of Six Articles 338–9
at Lambeth Palace dinner 339–40
obliged to investigate allegations of heresy 341
commissioned to compose preface to 2nd
edition of English Bible 342
presided over wedding of Anne of Cleves to Henry 347
tries to defend Cromwell 358
votes for bill of attainder against Cromwell 359
helps in annulment of Anne of Cleves marriage 362
informed of Katherine’s affair with Culpeper 370
interrogates Katherine 371
enemies of 382–3, 385–6
survives the Prebendaries Plot 383
friendship with Butts 386
supplies fatherly role to Edward 389–90
caught up in Gardiner’s machinations against
Katherine Parr 407
asks Denny to intervene on his behalf to
protect Richard Turner 411
at Henry’s deathbed 417
grief-stricken at death of Henry 418
dies as victim of the Marian burnings 426–7
oversees establishment of reformed doctrine 426
publishes Book of common Prayer 426
Cressey, Mr 218
‘Crim, Cram and Rich’ (Cromwell, Cranmer, Richard Rich) (popular ballad) 298
Croke, Richard 149, 170
Cromwell, Gregory
granted lordship of Romney 227
entrusted to the care of Norfolk 307
marriage to Lady Ughtred 309–11
welcomes Anne of Cleves at Calais 343
Cromwell begs Henry to be good to him 359–60
barony bestowed upon 365
Cromwell, Thomas 5
character and description 181, 187–8, 205–7
as member of Wolsey’s household 181–2
as successful merchant, property owner and
lawyer 181, 215
observed weeping on the deaths of his
daughters and wife 182
resolves to save Wolsey from ruin and ingratiate
himself with Henry 182
advised to tell the king ‘what he ought to
do, but never what he is able to do’ 184
acts as intermediary between Wolsey and
Henry 186, 191–2
allies and associates 187, 219–20, 306, 333
attracts attention of Henry 187–9
actively promotes exchange of goods and
ideas with overseas lands 188
learns the arts of diplomacy and duplicity 188
employs his legal talents to the king’s ‘Great
Matter’ 189, 206, 209
improves his relationship with Anne Boleyn 189, 214–15
rewards, appointments and rise to power
202–5, 208–10, 215–16, 227–8, 244, 287, 291, 293, 294, 305, 307–8, 311, 341, 342, 350
on the king being ‘fond of having things his own way’ 204
speculation concerning his promotion at court 204–5
enjoys privileged access to the king 206, 215, 263–4
involved in execution of Courtenay, Neville,
Pole and Carew 208–9, 323–8
Holbein portrait of 215–16
has excellent network of associates and attendants 216
staggering capacity for work 216, 263, 306
increasingly absorbs evangelical ideas
sweeping Europe 219–20
bitter campaign to discredit him 222–3
responsible for the ‘Conditional Restraint of
Annates’ 222
focuses attack on clerical abuses 223–4
introduces ‘Supplication against the
Ordinaries’ 223
rivalry with Gardiner 223–4, 237, 287, 288, 318, 322, 349
arranges Henry’s marriage to Anne Boleyn 230
plays active part in Anne’s coronation 233
drafts Act of Succession 235
draws up two lists in the attainder 238
manages downfall and execution of both
Fisher and More 238–45
introduces known reformers into Henry’s
service 243–4, 291–4, 306–7
Henry’s ill-treatment of 244, 268–9, 316–17, 346
assures Suffolk that he is ‘his grace’s poor
friend’ 252
well aware of Henry’s interest in Jane
Seymour 252
superintends changes in religious reforms 253–4, 260–3, 295–7, 306, 316
uses summer progress to investigate religious
houses in the West Country 253
enthusiastically champions English translation
of the Bible 254
reaction to death of Catherine 258–9
oversees dissolution of monasteries 262, 335
Anne’s antipathy towards 264–6, 271
aware of Henry’s growing aversion to Anne 264
holds series of discreet meetings with
Chapuys 267–9
renews friendly overtures towards conservative
faction 267–8
paranoia and insecurity of 269–71, 297–8
helps orchestrate downfall and execution of
Anne Boleyn 271–85
prevents Mary from being reinstated as
Henry’s heir 288–9
rumours concerning his possible marriage to
Mary 291, 353
becomes the king’s spokesman 294
enemies of 294–5, 296–307, 316, 337, 344–5, 350, 352–3
and the Pilgrimage of Grace 298–307
as subject of popular ballad 298
health of 305–6, 321, 336–7
arranges marriage between Lady Ughtred
and his son 309–11
delighted at birth of Edward 312
casts around for new wife for Henry 314
investigates Bryan 314–16
lashes out at his enemies 322–3
negotiates Henry’s marriage to Anne of
Cleves 330–3, 341–2, 344
plans device for unity in religion 333–4
unable to oppose the Six Articles 337–8
row with Norfolk at Lambeth Palace 339–40
told by Henry that he does not like Anne of
Cleves 344, 345–8, 349, 351–2
created Earl of Essex 350
power struggle between himself and the
king’s men centering on Anne of Cleves 350–61
arrested for treason and stripped of all titles
and offices 354–6, 359
asks Henry to show favour to his son 359–60
distribution of his possessions and offices 360, 363
execution of 360–1, 362
Culpeper, Thomas
affair with Katherine Howard 367–73
execution of 373
Darcy, Thomas, Lord 71
involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace 298, 299, 301
voices his grievances against religious
reforms 303
beheaded for treason 304–5
on Russell’s ability to speak truth to the king 314
Deal (Kent) 19
Deane, Henry, Archbishop of Canterbury 85
Denny, Sir Anthony
character and description 292, 410
committed humanist and evangelical 292–3, 411
rewards and appointments 292, 408, 409–10, 421
replaces Bryan in the privy chamber 316
upbraided by Henry 348
urged to testify in support of annulment 359
caught up in Gardiner’s machinations against
Katherine Parr 407
as indispensable to Henry 409–10
as firm supporter of the Reformation 410, 411
loyalty and friendship to Henry as paramount 410–11
supports Cranmer against ‘vain ceremonies’
of traditional religion 411
listens to Henry’s will being read 413
confirms Seymour’s remark concerning
Henry’s comment on Gardiner 414
at Henry’s deathbed 417
at Henry’s funeral 422
death of 421
Denny, Joan 407, 411
Denton, Elizabeth 14, 39
Derby, Lord, Wolsey ordered to keep a watch on 129
Dereham, Francis 368, 371, 373
Desmond, Maurice Fitzgerald, Earl of 19
attends the Field of Cloth of Gold 136
Devon, Gertrude Blount 312
Devon, William Courtenay, 1st Earl 68, 80, 81
Diego, Friar 60
Diss (Norfolk) 29
Dorset, Henry Grey, 3rd Marquess 252
Dorset, Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess 69
at Henry’s knighting ceremony 18
military failure in France 93–4
accompanies Henry to France 97
takes part in joust to celebrate marriage of
Mary Tudor to Louis XII 100–1
accompanies Henry to the Field of Cloth of
Gold 135–6
disputes and fines 142
attends Fitzroy when dukedoms conferred
upon 150
adds his signature to articles condemning
Wolsey 195
death of 195–6
acts as principal witness in king’s annulment
proceedings 196
his daughter Elizabeth marries Audley 319
as chief mourner at Henry’s funeral 422
Douglas, Lady Margaret 256, 393
Dover Castle 16
Dudley, Edmund 52, 57, 66–7
Dudley, Elizabeth 98
Dudley, John see Lisle, Viscount (1st Earl of Northumberland)
Dudley, Robert 389
Dugdale, William, on comeliness of Charles Brandon 73
Durham, Bishop of 71
Duwes, Giles 48–9, 80
Dymoke, Sir Robert 120
Easton Neston (Northamptonshire) 173, 249
Edmund, Prince, Duke of Somerset 24, 30
Edmund Tudor 9
Edward II 367
Edward III 9, 30, 251
Edward IV 9, 14, 15, 17, 24, 26, 45, 62–3, 78, 80, 124, 137, 306
Edward Plantagent see Warwick, Earl of
Edward VI
birth and christening 311–13
childhood and upbringing 319–20, 388–91
visited by Audley 319, 321
rarely visited by his father 320–1
Holbein’s portrait of 332, 369
health of 369, 372
proposed marriage with Mary, Queen of
Scots 381
companions 388–9
female attendants replaced by male household 388
tutors 388
Cranmer as father-figure to 389–90
character and description 390, 424, 428
fondness for Katherine Parr 390–1
regency debates 404–5, 412, 413–14
learns of the death of his father 419
changes and appointments to the privy
chamber 420–1
coronation of 423–4
distributed new honours 423
keeps Will Somer in employment 424
rewards several long-standing servants of his
father 424–6
shows enthusiasm for martial displays 424
passion for reform 426
death of 428
inscription on his portrait 428
Eleanor of Castile 54
Elizabeth Countess of Surrey 20
Elizabeth I
birth of 235, 312
apparently not Henry’s daughter 279
Ralegh as favourite of 330
joins Edward in his studies 389
learns of the death of her father 419
agrees to live with Katherine and Thomas Seymour 426
restores the fortunes of the Tudor dynasty 428
Elizabeth, Princess 15, 19, 30
Elizabeth of York
depicted in Holbein’s portrait of Henry VIII 1
family lineage 9
marriage to Henry VII 9–11
birth of children 11, 12–14, 15, 20, 24
character and description 11, 14
assumes responsibility for her daughter’s
upbringing 12
death of her mother 15
chooses Mountjoy to be ‘study companion’
for Henry 25
grief at death of Arthur 37
death of 39–40
Henry interred next to 63
Eltham Palace 15, 17, 19, 20, 21–2, 28, 30–1, 33, 39, 73, 184
Elvira, Doña 38, 53
Empson, Richard 52, 57, 66–7, 91
Erasmus, Desiderius 5
birth 25
character and description 25
homosexual tendencies 25
invited to England by Mountjoy 25–6
as mentor/study companion for Henry 25, 28–9
describes More as ‘a man for all seasons’ 27
friendship with More 27–8, 183, 225
admires Catherine of Aragon’s abilities 32
praises Fisher as model of his calling 42
informs Henry of the death of Philip of
Castile 54–5
persuaded to return to London after the
accession 65–6
on Wolsey being ‘feared by all and loved by
few’ 111
as correspondent of Guildford 154
Holbein’s studies of 157
character of 196
The Praise of Folly 250
Prosopopeoia Britanniae Maioris 28
Esher 179
Essex, Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl 209, 347
Ewelme (Oxfordshire) 12
Exeter (city) 22
Exeter, Henry Courtenay, Marquess of (2nd
Earl of Devon) 364
family background 80–1
as one of Henry’s favourites 80
given apartments with royal household 81
influence of 81
appointed to the privy chamber 136
attends Field of Cloth of Gold 136
retains his place at court 153
influence over Henry 159
thrown out of the privy chamber 208
as godfather to Elizabeth I 235
as thorn in Cromwell’s side 291–2
expelled from council 292
presides over arraignment of Darcy and
Hussey 304
at christening of Edward 312
trial and execution orchestrated by Cromwell 322–6
lands and titles forfeited after his death 327
Falier, Lodovico 64
Faques, William, joins the royal library 48
Farmor, Richard 249
Ferdinand II of Aragon
marriage negotiations between his daughter
and Arthur 19, 31
marriage negotiations between his daughter
and Henry 38, 43–4, 53, 57–8
nominated as successor to Isabella 53
wrests back power in Castile 57
leads crusade against Moors of North Africa 93
reneges on pledge to help Henry in France 93–4
Field of Cloth of Gold (1520) 130–5
Fish, Simon, Supplication for the Beggars 225
Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester
character and description 42–3
introduced to Henry 43
as man of honour and piety 43
Henry shows favours to 69
urges Henry to adopt more cautious
approach to military action 94
as fierce opponent of the king’s ‘Great
Matter’ 211–12
likens himself to John the Baptist 212
rumours surrounding illness and death of his servants 223
speaks out against imminent annulment 232
accused of conducting interviews with
Elizabeth Barton 238–9
accused of several interviews with Elizabeth
Barton 238–9
maintains secret correspondence with
Charles V 238
executed and his head displayed on London
Bridge 245
states that Henry was not supreme of the Church 245
his tomb in the chapel of St John’s College
defaced 345–6
Fitzroy, Henry
birth of 114
well-looked after by Henry 148–9, 167–9, 280
character and description 149, 229, 280
granted numerous honours and titles 149–50, 168, 288–9
Henry considers legitimising 149
created Duke of Richmond and Somerset 150, 153
position uncertain due to Anne Boleyn 150
speculation concerning Henry’s intentions towards 168
education of 169–70
entrusted to the care of Norfolk 229
forms close friendship with Henry Howard 229
spends time with Francis I 229
marries Mary Howard 236–7
miniature portrait of 236
emotional meeting with his father 280
forced to watch hanging, drawing and quartering of several men 280 health of 280
at execution of Anne 289–90
given medical care by Butts and Alsop 392
death of 290–1
Fitzroy, Mary Howard
marries Henry Fitzroy 236–7
proposed marriage to Thomas Seymour 313, 409
furious at being asked by her brother to
become the king’s mistress 409
provides testimony against her father 417
Fitzwilliam, William see Southampton, Earl of
Flodden, battle of (1513) 97, 125
Fowler, John 421
Fox, Nicholas 38
Fox, Richard, Bishop of Winchester 14, 51
not completely trusted by Henry 71
on Edward Howard’s loathing for the Scots 80
Wolsey ingratiates himself with 85
pushes Wolsey forward as counter to
Thomas Howard 86
informed of Henry’s reaction to death of
Knyvet 95–6
withdraws from court 110
death of 166
Foxe, Edward, Bishop of Hereford 295, 306
Foxe, John
description of Gardiner 170
extols virtues of Cromwell 181
lambasts Wolsey’s ‘ambitious pride and
excessive worldly wealth’ 199–200
on Cromwell being ‘more mete for the king
then for the Cardinal’ 202
on reasons for Cromwell’s promotion at court 205
description of Cromwell 206
given accommodation at the Cresseys’ 218
on Henry holding a dinner at Lambeth Palace 339
on Cromwell’s letter to Henry 360
on Henry’s regret at Cromwell’s death 365
on Anne Askew being tortured 405
on Cranmer being at Henry’s deathbed 417
on maturity of the young Edward VI 423–4
Francis I 89, 146
marriage proposed with Henry VII’s
daughter Elizabeth 19
character and description 103, 424
sexual prowess 103
succeeds Louis XII to the French throne 103
battle of one-upmanship with Henry 104–5, 115
building legacy 104
keeps the Mona Lisa in his bathroom 104
on Henry’s purging of the privy chamber 125
meets Henry on the Field of Cloth of Gold 130–5
gives Wolsey power and authority to treat
on his behalf 133
Wolsey attempts to resolve differences with
Charles V 142–4
presented with Order of the Garter 154
reluctant to betray Wolsey concerning the
‘Great Matter’ 167
informed of Henry’s intention to appeal
against Clement’s judgment 218
forges new alliance with Charles V 330
Henry declares war on 384
concludes peace treaty with Charles V 396–7
death of 424
Franco-Imperial alliance 173, 345
French expedition (1544-45) 396–9
Fuller, Thomas 394
Gage, Sir John 82
Gardiner, Germayne 386
Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winchester
as arch-schemer 7, 170
ambitious for royal service 161
rewards and appointments 161, 170, 255
as skilled diplomat 161
begins to distance himself from Wolsey 170
character and description 170–1
witnesses humiliation of Wolsey at Grafton 174
disassociates himself from Wolsey 186
supports Norfolk against Cromwell 207–8
given accommodation at the Cresseys’ 218
retreats to his dioceses 218
rivalry with Cromwell 223–4, 237, 287, 288, 318, 322, 349, 356
vicious attack on Cromwell 224
attends Anne’s coronation 232
stands as counsel for Henry at Convocation 232
loses influence with Henry 237
busily plots return to royal favour 254–5
informed of Catherine’s poor health 258
mourns Catherine’s death 259
informed of Anne’s alleged adultery 274
discrediting of 287–8
rejoices at Anne’s demise 287
return to favour 318
accuses Barnes of heresy 341
helps to destroy Cromwell once and for all 345, 362
strikes up an alliance with Wriothesley 364
involved in the Prebendaries Plot 383
begins to plot against Katherine Parr 384
unsuccessfully bullies Cranmer 385–6
investigated for treason 386–7
nephew executed at Tyburn 386
plots to removed Katherine Parr 405–7
upbraided by Henry 406–7
accused of plotting to restore England to the papal fold 413
Henry removes his name from the regency list 413–14
name removed from regency list 413–14
exclusion from power 415
directs Henry’s funeral Mass 422
De vera obedientia 255
Garnesche, Sir Christopher 105
Gates, John 409, 412
George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence 37, 81
Gerrard, Thomas 345
Gibson, Richard, involved in every major tournament/revel at court 7
Gilbert, Robert 130
Giustinian, Sebastian
enthuses about Henry’s accomplishments 49
on Brandon’s marriage to Mary Tudor 101
notes battle of one-upmanship between
Henry and Francis 104
reports on Brandon’s return to royal favour 107
on Wolsey’s dazzling promotion 108–9
shocked at Henry’s irritation 112–13
on Wolsey’s fear of the king’s minions 120
on Henry’s purging of the privy chamber 125
Glamorgan 20
Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of 13
Godsalve, Sir John 7
Gómez de Fuensalida, Don Gutierre 57–9
Goose, John 15
Gotswick, Sir John 338
Grafton (Northamptonshire) 173–4
Granger, James 249
Graveline 135
Grey, Elizabeth see Lisle, 6th Baroness
Grey, Frances Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk 252
Grey, Henry see Dorset, 3rd Marquess
Grey, Lady Jane 428
Grey, Thomas 25, 92
Grimaldi bank 58
Grimston (Norfolk) 136
Grocers’ Company 422
Grocyn, William 27
Guildford, Joan Vaux 31, 33
Guildford, Sir Henry
appointed cupbearer to Henry 31
character and description 31
family background 31
as one of Henry’s favourites 31, 75–6, 213
appointed Master of the Revels 76
excels at keeping Henry entertained 76
Holbein’s portrait of 76
takes part in tournaments 92
falls ill in Spain 93
knighted by both Ferdinand and Henry 93
captains the Sovereign 95
at battle of Tournai 97
granted range of new responsibilities 108
removed from court 122
accompanies Henry to the Field of Cloth of Gold 135–6
builds distinguished circle of associates 154
remains at the heart of the court 154
in charge of Greenwich revels 158
meets Holbein 158
asked to testify whether Catherine’s marriage
to Arthur was consummated 171
provides evidence of Wolsey’s abuse of his office 172
ideologically opposed to annulment 212–13
makes clear his dislike of Anne 213
death of 213, 325
Guildford, Sir Richard 31, 40
Guines 131, 135
Guyenne 93–4
Haddon Hall (Derbyshire) 120
Hailes abbey 335
Hales, Sir Christopher 246
Hall, Edward
compares Henry VII with his son 62
on Henry’s lying in state 63
on richness of coronation festivities 68–9
marvels at temporary castle built for coronation pageant 69
recalls Henry illicitly taking part in a joust 72
on Henry’s love of chivalry 73
on magnificence of Henry and Brandon on
New Year’s Eve 74
on Henry’s varied activities after his accession 84
describes pageant to celebrate birth of
Henry’s son 92
on possible marriage between Brandon and
Margaret of Austria 99
on Wolsey being given power and authority
by Francis I 133
on Buckingham ‘sore chafing and sweating
marvellously’ 140
on Wolsey flying in a ‘great fury’ 162
on Wolsey’s rousing speech being met with
scornful laughter 163
on Suffolk’s outburst at annulment proceedings 171
on book containing articles against Wolsey 172–3
on Wolsey’s acceptance of being taken into
custody 196–7
scorns Wolsey as a deceiver 200
on Henry’s sudden departure from a tournament 278
on reactions to Cromwell’s arrest 355
on magnificent reception for Claude d’Annebault 409
Chronicle 34, 200, 328
Hampton Court Palace 110, 155, 164, 311, 360, 369, 370, 375, 379, 385
Harpsfield, Nicholas 248
Hastings, Anne 75
Hastings, George, Baron see Huntingdon, 1st Earl
Havering 319–21
Hawkins, Nicholas 221
Heneage, Sir Thomas
as spy for Wolsey but trusted by Anne
Boleyn 163
disassociates himself from Wolsey 186
at wedding of Anne and Henry 230
as leading gentleman of the privy chamber 230
appointed groom of the stool 286–7, 376
acts as intermediary between Cromwell and the king 287
urged to testify in support of annulment 359
receives clothing from Cromwell 360
as one of Henry’s favourites 376
replaced by Anthony Denny in the privy chamber 410
at Henry’s funeral 422
Henneage, Robert 176
Henri, duc d’Orléans 168
Henry Grace à Dieu (ship) 398–9
Henry, Prince 92–3
Henry V 9
Henry VI 13
Henry VII 299
depicted in Holbein’s portrait of Henry VIII 1, 2
as successful king 3
family lineage 9
marriage to Elizabeth of York 9–11
character and description 10–11, 14, 23, 42, 55–6
appoints his son Duke of York 16–18
deals leniently with Perkin Warbeck 22
receives Italian ambassadors at Woodstock 22–3
stages series of public displays of kingship 22
consumed with paranoia and suspicion 23, 24, 42, 46–7
has Warbeck and Warwick executed 24
in exile in Brittany 31, 51
attends marriage of his son Arthur 32
devastated at Arthur’s death 37, 47
reaction to death of his wife 40–2
health of 41, 58–9
considers marrying Catherine of Aragon 43–4
relationship with his son Henry 43, 45, 46–8, 49–50, 55
wreaks vengeance upon perpetrators of treason 46
maintains a magnificent court 51, 52
retains a tight-knit group of friends 51–2
unmoved by Catherine’s requests 53
lavishly entertains Philip of Castile 54
similarities with his son 55–6
Neville as possible illegitimate son 77
appoints Thomas Savage as leader of the
Council of the North 137
death of 60–1
funeral and burial 63–4
Henry VIII
doubts about his virility 1
Holbein’s portraits of 1–3, 251, 393–4
jousting accident 1, 306, 375
need to assert superiority over his father 3
influence of men surrounding him 5–7,
158–60, 337–8
marital history 5
character and description 6–7, 15, 18, 28, 31, 32, 34, 45, 50, 51, 84, 98, 125, 184–5, 366, 375
close male friendships 6, 73–83, 86–91
birth of 13–14
childhood and education 14–16, 20, 21–2, 28, 48–9
relationship with his uncle Arthur Plantagenet 15
granted various titles by his father 16–17, 20, 44
relationship with his brother 16
appointed Duke of York 17–18, 31
passion for tournaments and revelry 18–19, 35, 50, 72–3, 84, 162, 278, 409
death of his sister Elizabeth 19
meets his great-uncle Jasper 19–20
summoned to lavishly decorated Woodstock 22–3
change of status 23–4
friendship with Mountjoy 25
first meeting with Mountjoy, Erasmus and More 28
escorts Catherine to her wedding with Arthur 33–4
impact of consummation of Arthur and
Catherine’s marriage 35
effect of Arthur’s death on 37–8
as heir to the throne 37–8
betrothal and marriage to Catherine of
Aragon 38–9, 48, 52–3, 54, 57–9, 68
female attendants replaced by male 39
devastated at death of his mother 40
relationship with his father 43, 45, 46–8, 49–50, 55
created Prince of Wales 44
joins royal household at Richmond 45–6
freedom curtailed by his father 46–7, 51–2
taken on progress by his father 48
fitted out with set of jousting clothes 49
musical accomplishments 49
enjoys the company of rowdy/lively young men 50–1, 73, 293, 408
intensity of feeling for Philip of Castile 54–5
similarities with his father 55–6
presides over festivities in place of his father 58
comparisons with his father 62–3
proclaimed king 62
reaction to death of his father 63–4
praises and flattery heaped upon 64–5
rewards his friends 64–8
orders executions of Empson and Dudley 66–7
distances himself from his father’s regime 67–8, 69
coronation of 68–9
marries Catherine of Aragon 68
bequeathed stable and rich kingdom by his
father 69–70, 132
shows favour to some of his father’s
retainers 70–1
composes music and lyrics 72, 76
uses the name ‘Edward Neville’ in a joust 72
fond of hunting and tennis 73
transforms his privy chamber and household 73–83
affairs 75, 113–14
health of 83, 185–6, 306, 374, 375, 376, 378, 379, 384, 395, 403, 405, 409, 412, 415
leaves administration of government to his
ministers 84–5
esteem, appreciation and ambivalence
towards Wolsey 87, 88–90, 91, 111–12, 142–4, 155, 174, 179–80, 190–2, 200–1
paranoia concerning his nobles 90, 106,
129–30, 137, 208, 239, 290–1, 292, 323, 352–3, 356–7, 378
desire for an heir 91, 92, 112–13
devastated at death of his son Henry 93
military failures and successes 93–4, 97–8
reaction to death of Knyvet 95–6
furious at marriage between his sister Mary
and Brandon 101–3
battle of one-upmanship with Francis I 104–5, 115
forgives Brandon and encourages him to
return to court 106–8
new appointees to his privy chamber 115–19, 126–7
rampages with Bryan on streets of Paris 116
agrees to purge of his privy chamber 120–5, 153
fickle nature of 125–6, 127, 190–2, 334–5, 340–1, 365–6
meets Francis I on the Field of Cloth of Gold 130–5
meets Charles V at Gravelines 135
members of his entourage in France 135–8
divides spoils of the fallen Buckingham 141–2
turning point in relations with his nobles 141
lavishes great care/attention on his illegitimate
son 148–50, 280
obsession with Anne Boleyn 148, 164, 172
wishes to rid himself of Catherine of
Aragon 148, 156
saved from drowning by quick-thinking
footman 149
given Hampton Court by Wolsey 155
sets in motion his ‘Great Matter’ 158–77, 192
sends Wolsey to Avignon 159
begins to heed complaints against Wolsey 162–4
attends Blackfriars court 171
reinstates Wolsey 190–2
orders Wolsey’s tomb to be plundered for his
own monument 201
attitude towards and treatment of Cromwell 202–5, 208–10, 215–16, 227–8, 244, 268–9, 287, 291, 293, 294, 305, 307–8, 311, 316–17, 341, 342, 346, 350–1
possible reasons for his favouring Wolsey and
Cromwell 202–4
institutes act equating poisoning with
treason punishable by being boiled alive 223
utterly convinced of invalidity of his
marriage to Catherine 223
forces clergy into acknowledging law of the
Church as dependent upon consent of the king 224
marries Anne Boleyn 229–31
furious at birth of Elizabeth 235
appoints Cromwell Viceregent in Spirituals 244
enjoys the company of his fools 249–50
takes an interest in Jane Seymour 251, 252, 257
unhappy with Anne Boleyn 252
delighted at death of Catherine 259
suffers bad fall while jousting 259
benefits financially from the dissolution 262, 335
worried by scale of change and break with Rome 262–3
makes it clear that he has overall power 266, 290–1, 329
knowledge of Cromwell’s machinations
concerning Anne’s adultery 272–3, 276–7, 279, 280–1
emotional meeting with Fitzroy 280
marries Jane Seymour 286
Mary’s submission to 288–9
deeply shocked at death of Fitzroy 289–91
agrees to Cromwell’s suggested appointments 293
and the Pilgrimage of Grace 298–307
establishes a permanent privy council 307
overjoyed at birth of Edward 311–13
mourns death of Jane 313
growing irritability with Cromwell and
Cranmer 316–18
clumsy attempts to change radical aspects of
new doctrine 317–18
oversees household of his son Edward 319–21, 336, 388–91
remains Catholic at heart 322, 339
agrees to marry Anne of Cleves 332–3, 341–2
withdraws support for Cromwell’s reforms 334–5
agrees to Act of Six Articles 338, 339
holds dinner at Lambeth Palace for
Cromwell, Cranmer and their opponents 339–40
sanctions 2nd edition of the English Bible 342
declares his dislike of Anne of Cleves 344
determines to get rid of Anne of Cleves 344
meets and falls in love with Katherine
Howard 345
formally greets Anne of Cleves 346–7
marries Anne of Cleves 347–9
power struggle between his men centering
on Cromwell and Anne of Cleves 350–61
marries Katherine Howard 362
orders burnings at the stake 362
regrets having put Cromwell to death 365
shows favour to Cromwell’s family 365
believed to be impotent 367, 369
informed of Katherine’s adultery 370, 371
commission ‘secret lodgings’ 375–6
selects a few favored companions for his
privy lodgings 375–8
loses several of his old companions 378–80
rehabilitates several old associates of
Cromwell and Wolsey 380–2, 383–4
marries Katherine Parr 384–5
promotes several men close to Katherine
Parr 387–8
declares war against Scotland 395, 401
launches third invasion of France 395–9, 401
aware that religious reforms had sparked
conflict 403
increasingly reclusive life 408
policy changes towards the new religion 408
draws up regency list of men in his will 413–14
death of 417–18
funeral and burial 422
‘Pastime with Good Company’ 72000
Herbert, Sir William ‘Black Will’ 387–8, 408, 422
Hertford, Earl of see Somerset, 1st Duke
Hever Castle (Kent) 136
Hill, Richard 83
Hilton, William 82
Hobbes, Robert 315
Hobbs, Richard 87
Hoby, Philip 292
Holbein, Hans the Elder 157
Holbein, Hans the Younger 244
portraits of Henry 1–3, 251, 393–4
influence of 3
portraits of Reskymer and Godsalve 7
portrait of Henry Guildford 76
Erasmus as powerful patron of 157, 158
family background 157
receives numerous commissions from Henry 157–8, 254, 391–2
makes some influential acquaintances 158
portrait of Cromwell 215–16
supplies ‘heretical’ books to Cromwell 220
enters Henry’s service 250–1
designs frontispiece for Coverdale’s Bible 254
portraits of suitable ladies for Henry to
marry 331–2
portrait of Anne of Cleves 332
portrait of Edward VI 332, 369
sketch of John Russell 378
Barber Surgeons’ painting 392–3
wealth and success 392, 394
influence on Henry’s life 394
Suffolk as one of his patrons 400
death of 394
Holinshed, Raphael 128–9, 129
Holland, Bess 163
Holt, John 30–1, 48
Hone, William, appointed tutor to Henry 48
Horenbout, Lucas 236
Horsey, Sir John 379
House of Lancaster 9, 11, 17
House of York 9, 11, 17
Howard, Sir Edward
character and description 79–80
appointed standard bearer 80
particularly influential in the military sphere 80
successfully appointed admiral of the fleet,
Lord Admiral and Knight of the Garter 95
vows to avenge death of Knyvet 95, 96
death of 96, 100
Howard, George 77
Howard, Henry see Surrey, Earl of
Howard, Katherine
appointed to serve Anne of Cleves 345
character and description 345, 368
sexual experience 345
Henry’s marriage to 362
secures pardon for Wyatt 365
affair with Culpeper 367–73
execution of 373
Howard, Lord Thomas
at wedding of his niece Anne to Henry 230
at christening of Elizabeth I 235
as regular fixture at court 235
falls in love with Margaret Douglas 256
sent to the Tower 256–7
death of 257
Howard, Mary see Fitzroy, Mary Howard
Howard, Thomas see Norfolk, 3rd Duke
Huntingdon, George Hastings, 1st Earl 142, 152
Hussey, John, Lord 298–9, 301, 304–5
Hussey, William, friendship with Henry 50
Ibrgragve, William 82
The Institution of a Christian Man (the Bishops’ Book) 306, 383
Isabella of Castile 19, 31, 44, 52, 53
Isabella of Portugal 337
Isle of Wight 398
James IV 19, 80, 97
James V 168, 381
Jasper, Stephen 82
Jasper Tudor 10, 19–20, 23, 67
Jerningham, Sir Richard 125
Jerome, William 345
Jersey C.I. 286
Joanna of Castile (Juana ‘the mad’) 53, 54
John à Leigh 374
John of Gaunt 9, 30
Julius II, Pope 38–9, 52
Katherine of York 80
Kenninghall (Norfolk) 412, 415
Kent, Richard Grey, 3rd Earl 50
Kildare, Earl of 129
Kimbolton 259
Kingston, Sir William 125, 185, 198, 199, 283
Kingston-upon-Thames 33
Kirkstall abbey 335
Knyvet, Anthony 7
Knyvet, Sir Thomas 69
friendship with Henry 50
appointed Master of the Horse 80
as one of Henry’s favourites 80
takes part in tournaments 92
character and description 95
his step-daughter Elizabeth Grey betrothed to Charles Brandon 96
death of 95–6, 100
Kratzer, Nicholas 220, 244
Lambert, John 322
Lark, Mistress 86
Lassells, John 369–70
Lassells, Mary 370
Latimer, Hugh, Bishop of Worcester 244, 339, 386
Leicester Abbey 199, 201
Leland, John 194
Leo X, Pope 109, 206, 223
Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa 104
Limington (Somerset) 85
Linacre, Thomas 27, 32
Lisle, Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount
character and description 15
closeness and loyalty towards Henry VIII 15, 39, 98, 152
joins Henry on his French campaign 98
marries Elizabeth Grey, widow of Edmund Dudley 98
benefits from Wolsey’s reforms 152
created Viscount Lisle 152–3
friendship with Russell 314
warned to be discrete concerning religion 315
returns evangelical ministers to London for questioning 338
recalled on suspicion of treason 351
sent to the Tower 351, 378
Culpeper in the service of 367 death of 378
Lisle, Elizabeth Grey, 6th Baroness 96, 98, 100, 101, 106
Lisle, Honor Grenville, Viscountess 314, 367
Lisle, John Dudley, Viscount (1st Earl of Northumberland)
inherits title of Viscount Lisle 378
orders flouted by Bryan 380
serves under both Wolsey and Cromwell 381
undertakes military and diplomatic commissions 381–2
character and description 382, 400
as successful Lord High Admiral 382
helps to defend Boulogne 397
dines with Henry aboard the Henry Grace à Dieu 399
reformist leanings 400
rewards and appointments 400–1, 423
banished from court from striking Gardiner 405
listens to Henry’s will being read 413
replaces Lord St John as lord great chamberlain 421
dominance and tyranny of 427–8
has Seymour arrested and executed 428
involved in placing Lady Jane Grey on the throne 428
Lloyd, David 379, 395
London 33
Aldgate 371, 394
Blackfriars 171, 213
Chelsea 183
Durham Place (Strand) 219
Ely Place 425
Fleet prison 128, 162
Gray’s Inn 162
Greenwich Palace 12–13, 27, 58, 81, 113, 154, 155, 235, 277, 282
Lambeth Palace 26, 30, 33, 339–40, 385
Putney 179
St Anthony’s School (Threadneedle Street) 26
St Bride’s (or Bridewell) 91, 110, 149
St James’s Palace 290
St Mary of Graces Abbey 21
St Paul’s Cathedral 33, 34
St Paul’s School 194
Southwark Palace 371
Sutton House (Hackney) 380–1
Thames Street 75
Tower of London 7, 9, 21, 24, 63, 64, 66, 81, 126, 129, 140, 141, 179, 185, 198, 209, 241–2, 246, 247–8, 248, 279, 282, 283–5, 326, 328, 330, 351, 357, 412, 413, 416, 419
Tyburn 305, 373, 386
Westminster 17, 35, 410
Westminster Abbey 19, 30, 201, 213
Westminster Hall 140
Whitehall Palace 416
York Place 91, 179, 227
London Grey Friars 12
Long, Sir Richard 342, 409
Louis XII 100–1
Louise of Savoy 167
Lovell, Sir Thomas 70, 85
Lucas, Thomas 129
Ludlow Castle 36
Machiavelli, Niccolò, Il Principe 222
Maddox, Robert 421
Manox, Henry 371
Margaret of Angoulême 38
Margaret of Anjou 13
Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy 99–100, 167
Margaret of Burgundy 13, 19, 43
Margaret Tudor, Dowager Queen of Scotland
birth of 12, 14
childhood 14
meets Mountjoy, Erasmus and More 28
mourns death of her mother 40
marriage to James IV 77
correspondence with Cromwell 307–8
Marillac, Charles de
on Henry’s covetousness 205
on Audley’s reputation of ‘being a good
seller of justice’ 231
on Henry’s ‘lightness and inconstancy’ 297
sent to London 333
on Henry’s taking up the old religion 341
refers to Long as ‘a person of authority and
conduct’ 342
reports that ‘Cromwell is tottering’ 349
on Cromwell’s return to favour 350
on Cromwell or Norfolk remaining in favour 353, 354
on Cromwell’s arrest 355
on Henry hearing of Cromwell’s ‘plots’ 356
on division of Cromwells possessions 363
on rivalries between the king’s men 364
on Henry as king to be obeyed and worshipped 366
on Henry’s reaction to death of Wyatt 379
Marney, Sir Henry 39, 71
Mary I of England (Mary Tudor) 425
birth of 112, 113
proposed marriage to the duc d’Orléans 113, 156, 167
education of 169
proposed marriage to Henry, Earl of Surrey 189–90
seeks Cromwell’s intercession with the king 204
rendered illegitimate by annulment of
Henry’s marriage to her mother 235
submits to Henry’s will but not reinstated as
his heir 287–9
rumours concerning his possible marriage to
Cromwell 291
proposed marriage to William of Cleves 333
appalled at marriage of Katherine and
Thomas Seymour 426
orders Cranmer to be burned at the stake 426–7
brief but turbulent reign 428
Mary, Queen of Scots 381
Mary Rose (ship) 399
Maximilian, Emperor 85
Mechelen 99
Medici, Catherine de’ 168
Medwall, Henry 26
Mendoza, Inigo de 175, 189, 321
Mewtis, Peter 292
Mont, Christopher 243, 331
Montagu, Henry Pole, Baron
family background 81
linked by marriage to Duke of Buckingham 81
marries Jane Neville 81
as one of Henry’s favourites 81
assists Cromwell in the downfall of Anne 274
indicted for treason and executed 323–6
Montreuil 396, 397
Moody, Edmund 149
More, Jane Colt 65
More, Margaret 65
More, Sir John 26
More, Sir Thomas 5, 405
character and description 26–7
More, Sir Thomas (cont.) education 26
family background 26
love of drama, wit and culture 26–7
admitted to Lincoln’s Inn 27
described as a ‘man for all seasons’ by Erasmus 27
friendship with Erasmus 27–8, 183, 225
piety of 27
disparaging comments on Catherine of
Aragon’s ladies 33
composes a eulogy for Elizabeth of York 40
draws flattering comparison between Henry
and his father 65
extols the virtues of the new king 65
marriage to Jane Colt 65
expansion of his role in public affairs 66
quip on Wolsey 111
slow rise to power and favour at court 126–7
reports to Wolsey on council proceedings 143
reads out patents of nobility to Fitzroy 149–50
Holbein’s portrait of 158
ordered to accompany Wolsey to France 160
friendship with Palsgrave 169
dispatched to Franco-Imperial negotiations at
Cambrai 173
succeeds Wolsey as Lord Chancellor 182–3
chafes against king’s increasingly demanding
behaviour 183–4
high in Henry’s esteem 183
unable to approve Henry’s ‘Great Matter’ 183, 226–7
perceptive analysis of the king’s character 184
signatory to articles drawn up against
Wolsey 185
deeply opposed to royal supremacy and
annulment 224–7
close friendship with Henry 225
resigns as Lord Chancellor 227
refuses to attend Anne’s coronation 233–4
accused of complicity in Maid of Kent affair 237–8
Henry’s increasing hostility towards 238, 239
attempts to win back Henry’s esteem 239–40
resolves to do nothing to provoke Henry 240
imprisoned in the Tower 241–3
refuses to swear to the Act of Succession 241
indicted and brought to trial 246–7
executed and his head placed on a spike on
London Bridge 248
Dialogue of Comfort 241
‘Rueful Lamentation’ 40
More, William 82
Morgannok 20
Morice, Ralph 221–2, 340, 370
Morison, Sir Richard 245, 262, 293, 332
Mortimer, William 82
Mortlake 311
Morton, John, Archbishop of Canterbury 26, 27, 30, 67
Mountjoy, William Blount, Lord 312
friendship with Erasmus 25–6
loyalty to Henry VII 25
attends wedding of Prince Arthur and
Catherine of Aragon 34
as mentor to Henry 39
persuades Erasmus to return to London after
accession of Henry 65–6
appointed governor of Tournai 97–8
marries lady-in-waiting to Catherine 97
as regular presence at court 97
accompanies Henry to France 135
at trial of Buckingham 140
attempts to persuade Catherine to acknowledge
herself as Dowager Princess 234
death of 234
Najera, Duke of 391
Nanfan, Richard 85
Neville, Sir Edward
family background 77
often mistaken as Henry’s brother 77
as possible illegitimate son of Henry VII 77
natural performer and accomplished singer 78
as one of Henry’s favourites 78, 325
passionate about hunting and jousting 78, 92
banned from the king’s presence 141
returns to court ten months later 141
indicted for treason and executed 323, 325–6
Neville, George see Bergavenny, 3rd Baron
Neville, Henry 326, 414
Nicholas of Hampton (ship) 98
Norfolk, Agnes Howard, Dowager Duchess 345, 370
Norfolk, Elizabeth Stafford, Duchess 163–4, 371, 373
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke 77
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke (and Earl of Surrey) 20
retreats to his estate at Kenninghall 23
character and description 5, 78–9, 97
family background 78
marriages 78, 79
as one of Henry’s favourites 67, 69, 71, 78
appointed Lord Admiral 79
influence over Henry 79, 159, 196
takes command of Henry’s forces in Spain 93
takes over command from his brother
Edward 96–7
defeats James IV at Flodden 97
demands Brandon face charges of treason 103
withdraws from court 110–11
threatens Wolsey with his dagger 128
remains in England to manage governmental
affairs 133
presides over trial of Buckingham 140
attends Fitzroy when dukedoms conferred upon 149
uses his position to enhance his own power 151
attempts to undermine Wolsey 161–2, 164–5, 174–5, 189
banished from court 163–4
helps secure Cromwell a place in parliament 182
draws up articles against Wolsey 185
driven by insatiable appetite for power 189–90
seeks to marry his son Henry to Princess
Mary 189–90
Wolsey attempts ‘to make sedition between
him and Henry’ 191
arranges for Wolsey to be removed to York 192
considered to be ‘a bad dissembler’ 195
as chief challenger to Cromwell’s authority 207, 210
attempts to persuade Catherine to submit to
Henry’s wishes 212
growing feud with Suffolk 213–14, 252
collects Great Seal from More 227
despises Ann for her arrogant and
‘unqueenly’ behaviour 233
refuses to attend Anne’s coronation 233
his daughter Mary marries Henry Fitzroy 236
warns More of the consequences of his defiance
of the king 240
as juror on commission enquiring into
Anne’s conduct 277
accompanies Anne to the Tower 279
delivers verdict to Anne 282–3
fails to persuade Mary to submit to Henry 289
arranges funeral for Fitzroy 290–1
involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace 299–302
response to Cromwell’s filling council with
low-born men 306–7
dominates newly-formed privy council 307
attempts to marry his daughter Mary to
Thomas Seymour 313, 409
presents six questions to parliament 337
at Lambeth Palace dinner 339–40
learns of Henry’s wish to get rid of Anne of Cleves 344
resolves to destroy Cromwell once and for
all 344–5, 351, 353, 354, 356, 357, 359, 362
pushes Katherine Howard into the king’s path 345
benefits from Katherine’s marriage 366
anxious to prove his loyalty to the king 371
informed of Katherine’s affairs 371
attends commission on Dereham and
Culpeper 373
escapes implication in Katherine’s affairs 373
begins to plot against Katherine Parr 384
continues to try and rehabilitate himself 384
declares war on Francis I on the king’s behalf 384
loses ground to his rivals 391
Holbein portrait 392
takes part in French campaign 396, 397–8
warns his son not to continue French
campaign 401
taken to the Tower 412–13
kept in ignorance of charges against him 413
reputation blackened 416–17
testifies against his son 416
saved from beheading by the death of Henry 421
showered with honours by Mary Tudor 427
death of 427
Norris, Sir Henry
one of Henry’s favourites 118
character and description 151
referred to as ‘the king’s most beloved’ 151
offers Wolsey his chamber at Grafton 173
presents Wolsey with the Henry’s ring 179
commands Cavendish to attend the king in private 200
as gentleman of the privy chamber 230
works closely with William Brereton 230
executed as a result of alleged adultery with
Anne 272, 275, 278–9, 284
Northumberland, Henry Percy, 5th Earl 71
committed to Fleet prison 128, 137
summoned to court for contempt of council’s jurisdiction 128
attends Field of Cloth of Gold 137
escorts Margaret from York to Scottish border 137
Wolsey instructed to keep close eye on 137
attends Fitzroy when dukedoms conferred upon 150
takes Wolsey into custody 196
Northumberland, Henry Percy, 6th Earl
Wolsey’s low opinion of 137
marries Lady Mary Talbot 147
prevented from marrying Anne Boleyn 147, 284
Observant Franciscans 14
Ormond, James Butler, 9th Earl 147
Oxford, John de Vere, 15th Earl 150, 350
Oxford University 20
Cardinal College 110, 163, 217
Magdalen College 30
Merton College 392
Pace, Richard 143
Page, Sir Richard 186, 281
Paget, Sir William
education at St Paul’s School 194
appointed joint principal secretary 266, 383
as ambassador to France 374
character and description 383–4
rise to prominence 384
description of Chapuys 397
joins Gardiner in plot against Katherine Parr 405
attempts to persuade Henry to restore
Gardiner’s name to regency list 413–14
listens to Henry’s will being read 413
agrees that Seymour should have seniority
over fellow councillors 414
reminds Somerset of the promise he made
to be his principal adviser 414, 420–1
on reinterpreting Henry’s will 415
at trial of Henry Howard 416
on document containing names suitable for ennoblement 423
Palsgrave, John
on Wolsey’s purges and reforms 121
appointed tutor to Henry Fitzroy 149, 169–70
appointed tutor to Princess Mary 169 as renowned humanist 169
Paris (city) 25, 26, 116, 122, 142, 161, 304
Paris, John de 82
Parker, Jane 275
Parr, Katherine
Edward’s fondness for 290–1
character and description 384
marries Henry 384–5
deeply in love with Thomas Seymour 385
heads regency council 396
plots surrounding 405–6
marries Thomas Seymour 426
Parr, Sir William 387, 406, 423
Patch 179–80
Paul III, Pope 245, 326, 330
Paulet, George 316–17
Paulet, Sir William 302, 371, 400, 423
Penn, John 83
Pennington, William 213–14
Penshurst Place (Kent) 138
Percy family 20
Percy, Henry see Northumberland, 5th and 6th Earls
Peterborough Cathedral 259
Petre, William 266
Philip I of Castile (Philip the Handsome) 53–4, 57, 99
Philpot, John 421
Pilgrimage of Grace 298–307
Plymouth (Devon) 97
Pole, Arthur 118
Pole family 12
Pole, Sir Geoffrey 324, 325
Pole, Henry see Montagu, Henry Pole, Duke
Pole, Lady Margaret 81
Pole, Cardinal Reginald
appointed chamberlain of Arthur’s household 11
claims that Cromwell was inspired by
Machiavelli 222
declares that ‘Cromwell rules all’ 293
plot to kidnap or assassinate him 304
at christening of Edward 312
publishes damning attack on the ‘Great
Matter’ 324
possible treasonable communication with
Lord Lisle 351
accused of treasonable association 374
Pole, Richard de la 107
Pontefract Castle 368
Portsmouth 399
Poulet, Quentin, joins the royal library 48
Poynings, Sir Edward, remains on Henry’s
council 70
Prebendaries Plot (1543) 383, 411
Princess Elizabeth 15, 19
Priory of St Laurence, Blackmore (Essex) 114
Radcliffe, Robert see Sussex, 1st Earl of
Ralegh, Sir Walter 330
Rastell, John 158
Rede, John, as tutor to Prince Arthur 11–12
Reformation 220, 295, 296, 410–11
Reformation Parliament (1536) 260–1
Regent (ship) 95
Reskymer, William 7
Rich, Sir Richard
snares Fisher into disclosing his true opinions 245
falsely claims that More rejected the king’s supremacy 246, 405
sent to warn Suffolk of the king’s unhappiness with 252
as subject of popular ballad 298
works withRogerus, Servatius 25 Sadler in collection of debts 402
joins Gardiner in plot against Katherine Parr 405, 406
Richard III 9, 31, 37, 78, 130
Richmond Palace 35, 40–1, 54, 63, 191
Ridley, Nicholas 407
Rochester Castle (Kent) 343
Rochford, George Boleyn, 2nd Viscount 368
granted manor of Grimston 136
influence over Henry 159
witnesses humiliation of Wolsey at Grafton 174
character and description 186–7, 193
forms an alliance of sorts with Cromwell 187
given title and appointed ambassador to
France 187
conspires to make Wolsey’s life as miserable
as possible 189
dispatched on tour of Europe to canvass
opinion of the ‘Great Matter’ 192–3
commissions masque entitled ‘Of the
Cardinal’s Going into Hell’ 199
as gentleman of the privy chamber 230
executed as a result of alleged adultery with
Anne 275, 278, 279, 282, 283, 284
Rogerus, Servatius 25
Roo, John 162
Roose, Richard 223
Roper, Margaret 242, 248
Roper, William 248
on More’s intimacy with the king 126, 183
on More’s ability to visit his wife and children 183–4
‘Rough Wooing’ campaign 395
Rovezzano, Benedetto da 201
Royston 320
Russell family 53
Russell, Sir John see Bedford, 1st Earl
Rutland, Earl of 352
Sacheverell, Sir Richard 142
Sadler, Ellen 381
Sadler, Sir Ralph
acts as intermediary between Cromwell and
Henry 270, 287
rise to power 287, 292
rewards and appointments 349, 350, 381
arrested and released 364
acquires Sutton House in Hackney 380–1
on Scots being ‘beastly and unreasonable
people’ 381
accompanies Somerset to Scotland 401
difficult marital status 401–2
remains a trusted and efficient royal servant 402
retreats to Standon 402
wealth of 402
helps to arrange Henry’s funeral 421
Saffron Walden (Essex) 394
Sagudino, Nicolo 117
St John, Lord 421
Sampson, Richard, Bishop of Chichester 351
Sanuto, Marino 20
Saunders, William 149
Savage, Thomas, Archbishop of York 137
Savernake Forest (Wiltshire) 251
Schmalkaldic League 321, 330, 348
Scotland 19, 151, 308, 374, 381, 395
Selve, Odet de 421
Seymour, Lord Edward 389
Seymour, Edward see Somerset, 1st Duke (Earl of Hertford)
Seymour, Henry 389
Seymour, Jane 1
character and description 251–2, 309
Henry’s growing interest in 252, 257
marries Henry 286
pregnancy and birth of her son Edward 310, 311–13
death and funeral 313, 314, 331
burial at Windsor 400, 422
Seymour, Sir John 168
Seymour, Thomas
rise to power 251
character and description 257–8
fiercely ambitious 257
plays active role in social occasions at court 257
in the service of Bryan 257
granted various honours, positions and land 286, 313
proposed marriage with Thomas Howard’s
daughter Mary 313, 409
Katherine Parr in love with 385
Henry refuses to let him be on the regency list 414
given title of Baron Seymour of Sudeley 423
begins dangerous game of flirtation with
Elizabeth I 426
marries Katherine Parr 426
put to death on the orders of his brother 427
Sforza, Ludovico, Duke of Milan 22
Shakespeare, William, Henry VIII 386
Sheen Palace 14, 15
Sheffield Park 198
Shelton, Lady Margaret 259, 272
Sherborne (Dorset) 379
Shrewsbury, George Talbot, 4th Earl 71
informed of Wolsey’s discontent 120
marriage of his daughter to Henry Percy 147
offers comfort to Cromwell 198
involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace 301–2
death of 322
Skelton, John 76
birth and family background 20–1
appointed tutor to Prince Henry 20–2
character and description 21
influence on Henry 21–2
ordained a priest 21
admired by Erasmus 26
appointed rector of St Mary’s at Diss,
Norfolk 29–30
dismissed from court 29
writes poem in praise of Henry’s accession 64–5
returns to London 65
employed on range of diplomatic, secretarial,
poetical duties 94–5
encourages Henry’s lust for glory 94
acts as king’s propagandist 105–6
takes responsibility for entertaining the court 105
supports purge of the privy chamber 123
criticisms of Wolsey 144–5
‘Against Venomous Tongues’ 105
The Bowge of Court 29
‘Garland of Laurel’ 145
‘A Laud and Praise made for our Sovereign
Lord the King’ 64
Magnificence (morality play) 123–4
‘Speak Parrot’ 144
Speculum Principis 29, 65
‘Why come ye not to court?’ 144–5
Skip, John 264–5
Smeaton, Mark
executed as a result of alleged adultery with
Anne 274, 278, 279, 284
known for his beautiful singing voice 274
Solway Moss, Battle of (1542) 381
Somer, Will 7
background 249
character and description of 249, 378
considered a ‘natural fool’ 249–50
gift for tomfoolery 250
as one of Henry’s favourites 250, 377–8
enrages Henry with his comment on
Catherine, Mary, Anne and Elizabeth 258
ability to lift Henry’s mood 377–8
remains in employment during Edward VI’s reign 424
Somerset, Charles see Worcester, Earl of
Somerset, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke (Earl of Hertford)
as Master of the Horse to Fitzroy 168, 257 rise to power 251, 257
fiercely ambitious 257
influence over Henry 257
rewards and appointments 286, 404, 423
content to see his sister Elizabeth marry
Cromwell’s son 311
delighted at birth of Henry’s son 312
consequences of his sister’s death on 313
learns of Henry’s wish to get rid of Anne of
Cleves 344
turns against Cromwell 352, 353, 356
informed of Katherine’s affair with Culpeper 370
dominates Henry’s council 391
Holbein portrait 392
reformist leanings 400
leads bloody campaign against Scotland 401
handed Henry’s regency list in his revised
will 413–14
probably behind rumours concerning
Gardiner 413
on Henry referring to Gardiner as ‘a troublesome
man’ 414
informs Edward of his father’s death 419
chosen as Lord Protector and Governor of
the King’s Person 420–1, 422–3
seizes jewels bestowed upon Katherine Parr 420
document containing names suitable for ennoblement 423
orders his brother Thomas to put to death 427
ousted from office and arrested 427
arrested and executed on the orders of Dudley 428
Soncino, Raimondo da 22
Southampton, William Fitzwilliam, Earl
as one of Henry’s favourites 75, 76
appointed cupbearer to the king 76
character and description 76, 273
instructed to report to Wolsey on the king’s company 159
assists Cromwell in the downfall of Anne 273
as juror on commission enquiring into
Anne’s conduct 277
ordered to break up Anne’s household 282
involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace 301
as supporter of Cromwell 333
praises Anne of Cleve’s beauty 348
severs all connections with Cromwell 351, 354
given the Privy Seal 363
sent to interview Lassells 371
attends commission on Dereham and
Culpeper 373
Southwell, Richard 412, 415
Sovereign (ship) 95
Spanish Chronicle 6, 205, 207, 261, 281, 294, 323, 342, 344–5, 346, 353
Spurs, Battle of (1513) 97
Stafford, Edward see Buckingham, Edward
Stafford, 3rd Duke
Stafford, Lady Mary 141
Stoke, Battle of (1486) 299
Stow, John 305
Strype, John 90, 215, 318
Suffolk, Charles Brandon, 1st Duke 69, 71
character and description 50, 73–4, 99, 399–400
as one of Henry’s favourites 50, 73, 74, 98, 305, 400
as notorious womaniser 51
as central to tournaments and revels 74, 92, 96, 99, 100, 108
rewards and appointments 74, 96, 135, 305, 322, 395, 399
befriended by Wolsey 86
captains the Sovereign 95
betrothal to Elizabeth Grey 96, 101
rumours of possible marriage to Margaret of
Austria 99–100
scornful views of 100
takes part in French tournament to celebrate
marriage of Louis XII to Mary Tudor 100–1
Henry’s outrage at his marriage to Mary
Tudor 101–3
returns to court forgiven by Henry 106–8
withdraws from court 110–11
close friendship with Carew 117–18
Wolsey ordered to keep a watch on 129
at trial of Buckingham 140
attends Fitzroy when dukedoms conferred upon 149
influence over Henry 159
attempts to undermine Wolsey 160, 165, 189
instructed to ask Francis I about Wolsey’s
management of the ‘Great Matter’ 167
outburst at annulment proceedings 171
witnesses humiliation of Wolsey at Grafton 174
benefits from Wolsey’s fall from grace 178
wisely distances himself from political life 207
seeks help from Cromwell 209
attempts to persuade Catherine to submit to
Henry’s wishes 212
growing feud with Norfolk 213–14, 252, 253
attends Anne’s coronation 233
arranges advantageous marriages for his
daughters 252–3
marries fourteen-year-old Katherine
Willoughby 253
as juror on commission enquiring into
Anne’s conduct 277
at trial of Anne 282
involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace 300, 305
welcomes Anne of Cleves at Calais 343
as symbol of stability 362–3
attends commission on Dereham and
Culpeper 373
persuades Henry to investigate Gardiner for
treason 386–7
as companion to Edward VI 389
as lieutenant of the north 395
assigned command of French expedition 396–9
popularity of 399–400
religious and political stance 400
death and burial at Windsor 399, 400, 422
Suffolk, Edmund de la Pole, Earl 41, 47, 81
Suffolk, Henry Brandon, 2nd Duke 252, 389, 424
Suffolk, Mary Tudor, Duchess
birth of 20
meets Mountjoy, Erasmus and More 28
mourns death of her mother 40
marries the ageing Louis XII 100–1, 131
marries Charles Brandon 101–3
pays high price for marrying Brandon 106, 107
encouraged to return to court with Brandon 107
refuses to attend Anne’s coronation 233
joins Katherine Parr’s circle at court 400
death of 252
Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
helps to introduce the sonnet into England 119
audacious scheme to marry Princess Mary 189–90
forms close friendship with Henry Fitzroy 229, 304
spends time with Francis I 229
at trial of Anne 282
at execution of Anne 290
involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace 301
confined to Windsor Castle 303–4
pleased at Cromwell’s downfall 363
benefits from Katherine’s marriage 366
at beheading of Katherine Howard 373
imprisoned in the Fleet 374
suspected of retaining a servant and
employing a jester 374
joins Charles V’s campaign in France 391
joins Henry on board the Henry Grace à Dieu 398–9
as patron of known reformers 400
warned not to continue French campaign 401
embroiled in regency debate 404
suffers ignominious defeat in France 404
attempts to encourage his sister to become
the king’s mistress 409
writes in praise of Anthony Denny 411
Suffolk, Mary Tudor, Duchess (cont.)
arrested and humiliatingly led to the Tower 412
tried and executed 415–16
gold gown gifted to Bryan 416
Surrey, Thomas Howard, Earl of see Norfolk, 2nd Duke
Sussex, Elizabeth Howard, Countess 366
Sussex, Henry Radclyffe, 2nd Earl 366
Sussex, Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl
rewards and appointments 171
supports the king’s ‘Great Matter’ 212
described as being ‘of small power and little
discretion’ 322
sent to investigate rumours of sacramentarianism 351
receives clothing from Cromwell 360
benefits from Katherine’s marriage 366
marries Elizabeth Howard 366
Swynford, Katherine 9
Syemour, Sir John 251
Syon House 372
Tattershall College (Lincolnshire) 399
Tavistock (Devon) 329
Thérouanne 97
Thetford Prior (Norfolk) 290
Third Crusade 93, 95
Thomas, William, appointed Henry’s sewer
and keeper of his jewellery 39
Tilney, Katherine 368
Titchfield Abbey (Place House) (Hampshire) 407
Torrigiani, Pietro 201
Tournai 97, 143
Treason Act (1534) 372–3
Trenchard, Sir Thomas 53
Tuke, Sir Bryan 174, 185–6
Tunstall, Cuthbert, Bishop of Durham
sent to Franco-Imperial negotiations at Cambrai 173
against Cromwell’s reforms 318–19
joins Henry on summer progress 318
correspondence with Reginald Pole 324
appointed first secretary in ecclesiastical causes 363
Turner, Richard 411
Tyndale, William
describes Wolsey as ‘a man of lust and
courage and bodily strength’ 86
claims Wolsey used necromancy to bewitch the king 199
Tyrone, Earl of 379
Tyrwhit, Sir William 120
Ughtred, Lady Elizabeth Seymour 309–10
Universal Peace, Treaty of (1518) 113
Van der Delft, François 397, 413
Vaughan, Thomas 346
Velville, Roland de 10
Venice 62
Vergil, Polydore
on Elizabeth of York’s marriage 9–10
on Henry VII’s appearance 10
on rumours concerning Richard Duke of York 13
on Henry VII’s attachment to the Franciscan friars 14
describes Fisher as ‘a man of great learning’ 43–4
on execution of men maligning the king 46
on Henry’s handsome bearing 50
on Henry VII’s character and hospitality 55
on Empson and Dudley as extortionists 57
on Henry VII’s avarice 59
on resemblance between Henry VII and his
maternal grandfather 62–3
on people fearing rather than loving Henry VII 84
on Wolsey’s ability to spot men of influence 86
on Wolsey bringing small presents for Henry 89
on Henry’s ‘hand picked’ ‘men in their military prime’ 97
surprised at Brandon being made a duke 100
believes Brandon created Duke of Suffolk in
order for him to marry royalty 102
on hatred of Wolsey due to his arrogance
and low integrity 109
on Wolsey’s power and influence 110
on resentments and aggression among
nobility 128
on Edward VI as ‘a youth … destined to rule’ 428
Vernon, Margaret Dymoke 120
Vernon, Richard 120
Vives, Juan Luis 32
Wallop, Sir John 204, 274
Walsh, Walter 196
Waltham Holy Cross (Essex) 218
Warbeck, Perkin 13, 17, 19, 22, 24, 43
Warham, William, Archbishop of Canterbury
appointed Lord Chancellor 43
presides over Henry’s coronation and wedding 70
retained in office by Henry 70
withdraws from court 110
at secret tribunal concerning legitimacy of
Henry’s marriage to Catherine 158–9
Holbein’s portrait of 158
dislikes Cromwell’s rise to power 207
death of 216
Warwick, Edward Plantagenet, Earl 24, 139
Welsbourne, Sir John 124, 152, 163, 228
Wendy, Thomas 413
Wentworth, Nicholas 292
Weston, Francis 153
as one of Henry’s favourites 272
executed as a result of alleged adultery with
Anne 272, 275, 281–2, 283
Weston, Richard 61
White Rose faction 327
Williams, Richard 301, 365
Willoughby, Katherine 253
Wilson, Dr Nicholas 351
Wiltshire, Elizabeth Howard, Viscountess Rochford 77
Wiltshire, Henry Stafford, 1st Earl
as ward of Margaret Beaufort 30
created Earl of Wiltshire 68
Wolsey ordered to keep a watch on 129, 141
death of 141
Wiltshire, Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl (also Earl of Ormond and Rochester)
character and description 76, 77
weild’s considerable influence over Henry 76, 156
appointed Knight of the Bath 77
makes advantageous marriage to Elizabeth Howard 77
marries Elizabeth Howard 77
as regular participant in tournaments 77, 92
prominent role in Field of Cloth of Gold 131
attempts to undermine Wolsey’s influence
over Henry 161–2, 165
granted revenues from Durham 166
obliged to forfeit most of his privileges 294
death of 336
Winchester Cathedral 261
Winchester College 11–12
Windsor Castle 304
St George’s Chapel 400, 422
Wingfield, Sir Nicholas 132
Wingfield, Sir Richard 124–5
Winter, Thomas 210
Woburn Abbey (Bedfordshire) 315
Woburn, Abbot of 116
Wolf Hall (Wiltshire) 251, 252
Wolsey, Cardinal Thomas 5
burgeoning career and ambition 85–6
character and description 85, 86
family background 85
undertakes diplomatic missions 85–6
enthusiastically joins in boisterous royal circle 86
has an affair with Mistress Lark 86
appointed Almoner 87–9
as de facto chief minister 87–8
Henry’s esteem, appreciation and ambivalence
towards 87, 88–90, 91, 111–12, 142–4, 155, 174, 179–80, 190–2, 200–1
appreciates regular access to his sovereign 88
as generous and extravagant 89–90, 109–10, 146
understands Henry’s character and wishes 90–1
made registrar of the Order of the Garter 91
on Henry’s reaction to death of Knyvet 95–6
accompanies Henry to France 97
agrees to help Brandon after his marriage to
Mary Tudor 102–3
political power and ecclesiastical success
108–12, 127–8, 142–3, 146
lavish building projects including Hampton
Court Palace 110
health of 113, 190
arranges for Elizabeth Blount to have her
confinement at Augustinian Priory 114
well aware of influence/advantage held by
Henry’s privy chamber favourites 119–20
initiates reforms and purges of the privy
chamber 120–5, 151–5
fills vacant places with four ‘ancient knights’ 124–5
jealousies, resentments and aggression
towards 127–9, 146, 172–3, 174–5, 189
arranges meeting and festivities on Field of
Cloth of Gold 130–5
determined to bring nobility under royal control 130
given power and authority by Francis I 133
hostility towards Buckingham 138
believed to be responsible for Buckingham’s
downfall 140–1
offers to arbitrate between Charles V and
Francis I 142–4
organises a forced loan (Amicable Grant) for Henry 144
Skelton’s criticisms of 144–5
decline in influence and fall from grace 146,
156–7, 162–5, 172–3
prevents Percy and Anne from marrying 147
attempts to prevent rising power of Boleyn
family 150–1
deprives Catherine of Aragon of several of her ladies 155
gives Henry Hampton Court Palace 155
renews talks for marriage between Charles
duc d’Orléans and Mary Tudor 156
involved in the king’s ‘Great Matter’ 158–62
opposes election of Eleanor Carey as abbess of Wilton 163
Wolsey, Cardinal Thomas (cont.)
sent to attend peace negotiations in France 167
hostility towards Palsgrave 170
increasingly made scapegoat for failure of
annulment 172–3
humiliation of 173–4, 179
indicted for praemunire 178–9
articles drawn up against 185, 186
attempts to cultivate support at court 186–8
receives public pardon, financial compensation
and return to favour 191–2
sent to York 192, 194–5
continues to work against the annulment 195
invites Cranmer to transfer to his foundation at Oxford 217
arrested but dies on the journey from York
to London 196–9
reputation blackened after his death 199–200
Woodstock (Oxfordshire) 17
Woodville, Elizabeth 12, 80
Woodville, Katherine 30, 124
Worcester, Charles Somerset, Earl 20, 40, 130, 230
Worcester, Lady 273, 274
Wriothesley, Thomas 266
presides over St George’s Day ceremonials 61
probably aware of death of Henry VII 61
ability to serve opposing masters 194, 402, 406
character and description 194, 262
as one of Henry’s favourites 194, 287, 402
on possibility that Wolsey committee suicide 199
employed as agent and messenger on overseas
commissions 216, 318
helps Cromwell in the dissolution of the monasteries 261
rewards and appointments 262, 334, 349, 350, 396, 402, 423, 425, 427
work viewed as acts of vandalism 262
on the hanging, drawing and quartering of
Anne’s alleged adulterers 282
helps to discredit Gardiner 288
declares that Fitzroy was ‘privily poisoned’ 290
as supporter of Cromwell 333, 334
urges Cromwell to find a way out of the
Cleves disaster 345
reports on dinner between Cromwell and
Gardiner 349
deserts Cromwell 355
receives Cromwell’s mansion at Austin Friars 363
allies himself with Gardiner 364
benefits from Cromwell’s downfall 364
sent to interview Dereham 371
informs Lisle that he has been restored to favour 378
laments the death of Suffolk 399
joins Gardiner in plot against Katherine Parr 405, 406
forgiven by Henry for plot against Katherine
Parr 406–7
ordered to desist from burning Blagge 407–8
arranges for Surrey and Norfolk to be taken
to the Tower 412
informs parliament of Henry’s death 419
deprived of the Great Seal and confined to his house 425
death of 428
Wyatt, Elizabeth Brooke 365
Wyatt, Sir Henry, remains on Henry’s council 70
Wyatt, Sir Thomas 281
staggered and concerned at Bryan’s wanderlust 116–17
literary and poetic prowess 119
as one of Henry’s favourites 119, 379
sent on important diplomatic missions 119
describes Weston as ‘that pleasant was and
young’ 153
jointly responsible for construction of
banqueting house at Greenwich 154
sent to petition Pope in Rome 160
close friendship with Bryan 165
reputation for loose sexual mores 274
friendship with Cromwell 275, 333
omitted from list of alleged adulterers of Anne 275
informed of the birth of Edward 312
pays Bryan’s debts 315
arrested and released 364
pardoned on condition he take back his wife
Elizabeth 365
retires to his Allington estate 365
death of 378–9
adherent of the reformist faith 379
as patron to Blagge 404
‘Whoso list to hunt’ 274