analytic-synthetic distinction 58-61, 62
Bernstein, R. 268, 270, 279, 313, 315, 316
Böer, S. 149, 156, 164, 167-9, 173-4
Chinese cosmology, the
yin-yang 90-91, 93-4, 94-5, 213-15
Chinese medical theory 2-3, 90-92, 118, 216-17
Collingwood, R.G.
semantic presuppositions 114-16, 302
absolute vs. relative presuppositions 115-17
conceptual relativism 12, 53-61, 310
Quinean 66
alternative conceptual schemes
intelligibility criterion 63-4
interpretability criterion 67-70
translatability criterion 65-7, 75
truth-value criterion 75
as sentential languages 71-4, 119
as metaphysical presuppositions 118-20, 134
Quinean linguistic model, see Quine
scheme-content dualism 57, 58-60, 76-81, 87
Kantian, see Kant
Quinean, see Quine
core sentences 199
cross-language communication 290; see also Gadamer; Habermas; Kuhn
acts of understanding vs. communicating 295
bilinguals in 95-6, 104, 288-91
common-language requirement 311-14
conversation model, the, see Gadamer
dialogical; see the dialogue model
dialogue model 17, 301, 305, 306
discourse model, see Habermas
informative, see transmission model
translation model 45-8, 298, 307, 336
transmission model 16, 292-7, 297-9, 305, 306
cross-language communication breakdown 94-6, 295-7, 329-34, 335-41; see also Kuhn; incommensurability
complete 16, 17, 254-7, 291, 335, 339, 342
partial 16, 17, 287, 291, 314, 337, 339, 342
cross-language understanding
adoptive approach 16, 260-64, 266
common-sense 250
compositional account 241
formal pragmatic theory, see Habermas
functional account 241
hermeneutic, see hermeneutic understanding
language-learning approach 272-4; see also language learning
projective approach 16, 94, 254-7
propositional 15, 238-43, 284-6, 297-9, 336
translational account 45-8, 67, 92-3, 240-41
truth-conditional account 326; see also Davidson
truth-value conditional theory, see truth-value conditional theory
Davidson, D. 12, 43, 74, 82, 120-21, 188, 310
conceptual relativism 53-5, 63-70
principle of charity 43, 45, 67, 68-70, 75-6, 255
scheme-content dualism / third dogma of empiricism 57, 76-81, 81-4, 113
truth-conditional theory
of interpretation 46
of meaning 80
of understanding 46, 67, 112, 140, 141, 241-3, 326
discourse
normal 254
abnormal 255
experience, thin, thick, funded 82, 85-6
facts and possible facts 138-9, 145, 205-6, 207
Feyerabend, P. 3, 5, 19, 272, 347
conditions of meaningfulness 32
contextual theory of meaning 25-6, 30-32
hermeneutic understanding 7-8, 278-9
incommensurability 32
universal principles 31, 204-8
Gadamer, H.-G. 17
common-language requirement of full communication 307-12
dialogue model of meaning 264-6
fusion of horizons 17, 271-2, 304, 308-10
hermeneutic understanding 16, 262-3, 264-72, 274-7, 279-80, 301-3, 315, 329
conversation model of communication 17, 303-6, 329, 337
universality of language 310, 312-13
communicative action, the theory 317-21
discourse model of communication 17, 322-5, 329-34, 337
formal pragmatic theory of
acceptability conditions 328
conditions of understanding 326
satisfaction conditions 327
speech-act theory of meaning 320-21
Hacking, I. 2, 14, 107-12, 114, 119, 183
styles of scientific reasoning 108-12, 209-11, 246
truth-or-falsity 18, 107, 108, 110, 111, 253
Heidegger, M. 264, 280, 285, 286, 293, 301, 305-6
hermeneutic understanding 16, 264-72, 274-80, 285-7, 336; see also Feyerabend; Gadamer; Kuhn
Horwich, P. 141, 176-7, 179, 184, 316
incommensurability; see also Feyerabend; Kuhn
as communication breakdown 3-5, 39; see also cross-language communication breakdown
as untranslatability, see untranslatability
hermeneutic dimension of 274-80
implications / consequences of 8-9, 49, 346
linguistic/conceptual aspect 9-10
methodological 9
phenomenon of 1, 4, 7-8, 15, 111, 123-4
presuppositional interpretation, see presuppositional interpretation of incommensurability
taxonomic, see taxonomic interpretation of incommensurability
translation-failure interpretation, see untranslatability
interpretation 47
as hermeneutic understanding 286-7
truth-conditional, see Davidson
scheme-content dualism 55, 77-81, 87, 118, 119
Kuhn, T.
categorization 127-8; see also taxonomic structures
communication breakdown 1-5, 128-31, 253
contextual theory of meaning 25-6
disciplinary matrices 125-6, 207
hermeneutic understanding 273-4, 277-8
incommensurability
normative (criterial; perceptual; topic) 124-5
taxonomical, see taxonomical interpretation of incommensurability
kind-terms 33-4, 129-30, 142-5, 219
lexical theory of reference 33-5
lexicon/lexical structure, see taxonomic structure
metaphysical commitments 207
non-overlapping principle 34, 142-5, 220
projectibility principle 142-5, 220, 274
role of truth-value status in cross-language communication 133-4, 139-41
scientific revolutions 128
similarity relationship 126-30, 225-6
taxonomy/taxonomic structures 5, 33-4, 129-30, 135-7, 219-21, 224-6
language
language scheme 74
natural language 73, 92-3, 201
presuppositional, see presuppositional language
scientific 18-21, 73-4, 92-3, 117, 201
language learning 10, 41, 43, 47, 93, 94-6, 272-4
Locke, J. 293
Lycan, W. 340; see also Böer, S.
Martin, J. 151, 167, 172-3, 228
meaning/reference
causal theory of reference 27-9, 36-7, 80
contextual theory of meaning 25-6, 27-9, 30-35
description theory of reference 28
empirical theory of meaning 25-6
factual meaning/meaningfulness 11, 252
lexical theory of reference, see Kuhn
formal semantics route 29, 37-8
informal semantics route 28-9, 36-7, 38
semiotic model, Bühler’s 238-9
truth-conditional theory of meaning, see Davidson
metaphysical presuppositions 14, 117-18, 195
categorical frameworks, 15, 118, 219-34; see also Kuhn’s taxonomic structure
compatible vs. incompatible 15, 17, 231-4
existential presumptions 15, 117, 203-4
universal principles, 15, 117, 204-8; 211-12; see also Feyerabend
Newton-Einstein debate on time 104-5
Newton-Leibniz debate on space 99-104
Paracelsus, Paracelsan medical theory 2, 109-10, 212
presuppositions, see also Collingwood; Strawson
metaphysical, see metaphysical presuppositions
pragmatic 151
semantic 14, 114-17, 151-2, 156-67
analytic (sortal, states of affairs) 151-2, 207-8, 227-31
sufficient 187
presuppositional interpretation of incommensurability 11, 12-18, 89, 341-5
presuppositional language (P-language) 14, 117-18, 183-96, 275-7
Quine, W.V. 12, 40-41, 43, 57, 65-7, 71
linguistic model of conceptual schemes 14, 53, 55, 61-2, 70-76, 87, 107, 111
scheme-content dualism 61, 66, 78, 87, 121
reference, see meaning/reference
Rescher, R. 14, 18, 84, 114, 183
Rorty, R. 77-8, 79, 81-4, 243, 256, 313
Russell, B. 150-51, 157, 160, 167-8, 177 249, 339
scientific language, see language, scientific
semantics
bivalent 13, 21, 74, 107-8, 112; see also principle of bivalence
trivalent (logic, language) 21, 112, 152-6
sense, see meaning
Strawson, P.
scheme-content dualism 57
semantic presuppositions 14, 114, 119, 150-51, 157, 177, 186
significance 249
taxonomical interpretation of incommensurability 14, 34, 129-46
theory comparison/choice, 345-52
incompatibility
presuppositional 351
truth-theoretical 351
theory of truth-value, see truth-value conditions
translation
extensional vs. intensional 40, 45
literal vs. liberal 40, 42-4, 93
truth-conditional theory, see Davidson
translation-failure interpretation of incommensurability, see untranslatability
truth related concepts
convention T/T-sentences, Tarski’s 179-80, 184, 186-7
correspondence theory 137-8, 185
deflationary vs. inflationary accounts 184
possible vs. actual truth-value 192-6
truth conditions 14, 22, 135, 184-5
truth-value conditions, see truth-value conditions
truth-value gaps 10, 13, 17, 22, 96-8, 100-104, 110, 120, 190-92, 338-9, 341-4
truth-value status 10, 13, 21, 112-13, 133-9, 153, 193-6
truth-valuelessness 14, 21, 102-4, 120, 151, 175-80, 339-41
truth-value conditional theory
of understanding 46-7, 248-53, 284
role of metaphysical presuppositions in understanding 243-8
truth-value conditions/theory of truth-value 14, 22, 114, 120, 134-9, 145, 183-9
untranslatability, the thesis of, 11-12, 13, 20, 25-50, 92-3, 107-8, 110, 120-21, 131-3, 298, 338, 343-4, 347
reference alternative 27-9, 36
Whorf, B. 72, 73, 74, 223-4, 225, 230, 262, 293
Wittgenstein, L. 325
analytic-synthetic distinction 60
fact-ontology 138
family resemblance 127