A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.
Aalto, Ashprihanal 189
ability see expertise
acting 145
and language learning 81–2
“seven levels of tension” technique 81–2
active coping 134
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 173
ADRA2b gene 127
adrenaline 121, 126, 127, 150, 260
Afghanistan, US-led invasion of 115–16, 117–18
aging
acceptance of 225–6
age-related diseases 221
aging-as-disease model 194, 218, 225
antiaging drugs 223–4
geriatric medicine 218
see also lifespan-extension; longevity
AIDS 241–2
Alagna, Roberto 151
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 199, 201, 216
Ali, Muhammad 184
AlphaGo 312
AlphaZero 312
altruism 122
effective altruism movement 288–9
altruistic bravery 137
Alzheimer’s 73, 74, 211, 242, 278
ambition see drive
Amish population 246
amrita 197
amygdala 107, 127, 136–7, 138, 262
and fear responses 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 139
amyloid proteins 278
animal experiments
anxiety 136
fear 128
intelligence 311
learning ability 85
lifespan extension 219, 220, 222, 311
maternal responses 136–7
sleep deprivation 261, 263, 277–8
anterior cingulate cortex 109–10
anterior cingulate gyrus 110
anterior prefrontal cortex 27
apolipoprotein 211
Appel, Kristoffer 268–9
Arguelles, Alexander 69, 70–2, 76, 77
Arkhipov, Vasili 292
artificial intelligence (AI) 312
Ashkenazi Jews 216
astrocytes 277
astronauts 260
athletes
cross-training 164–5
endurance athletes see marathons
extended sleep time, benefits of 271–2
lucid-dreaming athletes 269, 270
marginal gains training philosophy 270–1
overtraining and overuse injury 165
see also basketball; cycling; Formula 1 motor racing; running
attention 92
balanced attention state 106
sustained attention 96–7
see also focus
Attention Network Test 109
Augur, Elizabeth 83
autistic savant syndrome 42, 45
autodidactic learning 72
autonomic nervous system 110
autonomous sensory meridian response 157
babies
sleep 263
vocalizing 150
Badwater Ultramarathon 170, 172
balanced attention state 106
basal ganglia 133
basketball 271–2
Beatles 154
Bellesi, Michele 277
Berger, Hans 251–2
Berntsen, Dorthe 57
beta2-microglobulin 220
Blagosklonny, Mikhail 223–4
blood sugar levels 126–7
Blue Zones 176, 203, 204–5, 215–16
Bobe, Jason 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 246
bomb disposal operatives 116–24, 129
military–robot relationships 123–4
motivation 121
team bonding and camaraderie 119–21, 123, 124
Bor, Daniel 44–5
Bosch, Oliver 136–7
Boston Attention and Learning Lab 100
Bowie, David 305
brain chemistry
bravery and 126–7
intelligence and 27
language learning and 72–3, 74–5
brain parts and functions
amygdala 107, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 136–7, 138, 139, 262
anterior cingulate cortex 109–10
anterior cingulate gyrus 110
anterior prefrontal cortex 27
basal ganglia 133
Broca’s region 72
cerebral cortex 73
frontal lobe functioning 63
hippocampus 46, 65, 73, 74, 75, 107, 253
insula 109–10
left superior temporal gyrus 74
neocortex 253
precuneus 267
prefrontal cortex 86, 88, 107, 262
subgenual anterior cingulate cortex 138–9
brain plasticity 111
altruistic bravery 125–6, 127, 129, 137
attractive trait 122
brain chemistry and 126–7, 138–9
collective 119–20
evolutionary behavior 121–3, 124
familial bravery 121, 122, 135–7
learned bravery 123, 133, 134, 137, 139
maternal bravery 135–7
motivation 120
perseverance in the face of adversity 138
and sexual appeal 122
social bravery 137
see also fear
Broca’s region 72
Brown-Séquard, Charles-Édouard 219
Buettner, Dan 204
Burgoyne, Alexander 15
Calico (California Life Company) 225
Calment, Jeanne 198, 200, 201–2, 210, 217
Card, David 309
cardioprotection 245–6
carjackers 135
carpe diem 194
CCR5 molecule 242
centenarians 176, 194, 195, 197–200, 202, 203, 213
mental resilience 206, 207, 208–10
protective telomeres 221
unhealthy habits 197–8, 199, 217
cerebral cortex 73
Challenger space shuttle disaster 62
Chan, Jason 63
Chandrasekaran, Bharath 85, 86–7, 88
chess players 9–18
children and young people
Chinese meditative practice 106
extreme intelligence 26
finding what they like and are good at 146–7, 166, 167, 309
gender and maturation rate 28
passions and goals 94, 104, 169
Chinmoy, Sri (Chinmoy Kumar Ghose) 184, 186, 188, 189
cholesterol 211
Christensen, Dirk Lund 179–80, 181, 182, 183
Christensen, Kaare 196, 211–13, 214, 215
Church, George 311
Churro, Victoriano 177
circadian pacemaker 274
cognitive ability 3
see also focus; intelligence; language; memory
“cognitive investors” 101
“cognitive misers” 101
cognitive processing speed 12, 13, 273
cognitive regulation 134
cognitive reserve 74–5
Colvin, Geoff 308
compressed morbidity 213–14
concentration 93
see also focus
conscientiousness 164
contemplative practice see meditation
Copper Canyon Ultramarathon 179, 181
Costa Rica 204
Cotton, Ronald 60–1
courage see bravery
Coyle, Daniel 308
creativity 30
CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) 126, 127, 137
Crick, Alexandra 235–6
Crimp, Martin 143
CRISPR 311
Crohn, Steve 241–2
cross-training 164–5
intellectual 165
crystallized intelligence 12–13, 35
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly 102
Cuban missile crisis 292
Culverhouse, Robert 297–8
curiosity 29, 32, 33–4, 36, 159
Curtis Institute of Music, Philadelphia 147, 151
cycling 270–1
Dawkins, Richard 184
De Brigard, Felipe 65
de Grey, Aubrey 218–19, 221, 222
De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel 296–7
Deaton, Angus 291
declarative learning 86
deep-vein thrombosis 281
dementia 220
sleep deprivation and 277–8
demographic shifts 200–1
despotism 122
discipline 160
disease, protection against 246
childhood intelligence and 19
language ability and 74–5
socioeconomic status and 19
diseases, age-related 221
DMTG (differentiating model of talent and giftedness) 163
dogs 8
Doll, Evelyn 268
Domingo, Placido 152
Dorren, Gaston 80
lucid dreaming 265–70
nightmares 266
Dresler, Martin 46, 47–8, 57, 267
drinking 197
drive 27, 29, 153, 159, 171, 174, 300, 310
genetic component 174
see also focus
“drown proofing” 133
drug trafficking 181
Dymaxion sleep 255
dyslexia 169
East African runners 182–3
Easterlin, Richard 289
Easterlin Paradox 289
EEG (electroencephalogram) 252
effective altruism movement 288–9
eidetic memory 55
Eliasen, Mikael 151–2
Emerson, Ralph Waldo 115
emotion 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 58, 152, 263, 268
emotional intelligence 21
testing 82
empathy 82–3
Enard, Wolfgang 84–5
endurance performance
endurance running see marathons
physiological factors 176–7
environmental component 307, 308
gene–environment interaction 11, 148–9, 159, 164, 166–7
happiness 297
musical ability 159–60
epigenetics 308
episodic memory 58
Ereku, Morgan 12
Ericsson, Anders 11, 16, 148, 153, 165–6, 308
Esterman, Michael 100, 101, 102
eugenics movements 309
existential threats to humanity 313
experiential sampling 290, 291, 303, 304
expertise
genetic component 148, 149, 153, 154, 159, 160–2, 163–4
multifactorial gene–environment interaction model (MGIM) 148–9, 164
practice see practice
Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) units see bomb disposal operatives
exposure therapy 132–3
eyewitness testimony 60–2, 64, 65
face transplants 230–1
Factor V Leiden 281
failure, coping with 36
“failure of success” 212
familial bravery 121, 122, 137
fear
animal experiments 128
brain autopilot mode 135
brain chemistry and 127
differential responses 127
fear deficit 129–32
Fear Litany 134
genetics of 127–8
habituating the fear response 133
innate fear 128
overriding 127, 129, 134, 138, 139
pathological fear 128
Feinstein, Justin 129, 130–3, 141
Fernandez-Mendoza, Julio 273
Ferrari 103
Fisher, Dave 221
Fisher, Simon 87–9
Fleming, Renée 152
dynamic flow 111
static flow 111
fluid intelligence 12
Flushing Meadows, New York City 185, 186–7
Flynn, James 212
Flynn effect 212
fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Image) 46, 47, 74, 100–1, 267
goals and 94, 95, 96, 104, 111
mind-set of progression 104
motivation and 99–102
rewards and 100–2
focusing illusion 290
Foer, Joshua 46
Folland, Jonathan 175, 176, 183
foot-and-mouth outbreak, 2001 287–8
Formula 1 motor racing 96–7, 98–9, 101–5, 110
flow state 102–3
going beyond the comfort zone 103
mental strength 104–5
mental training and rehearsal 102, 271
motivation 99–101
natural talent 105
young-driver program 103–4
FOX03a gene 197
foxes 255
fractional utilization 176
Franklin, Aretha 157
free will 108
Freeman, Morris 74
frontal lobe functioning 63
Fu, Ying-Hui 275
Fujinami, Genshin 189
Fuller, Buckminster 255–6, 260
Fulljames, John 145
Funes, Ireneo 37–8
g (general factor of intelligence) 20, 21
Gagné, Françoys 163
Gardner, Randy 261–2
GDF11 protein 220
GENDISCAN study group 160
genetic component
expertise 148, 149, 153, 154, 159, 160–2, 163, 163–4
fear 127–8
happiness 295–8
intelligence 10–11, 20, 25–6, 32, 127
interrelatedness 307–8
language learning 83–9
longevity 195–7, 211–13, 214–17
musical ability 149, 153, 154, 159, 160–2, 162, 163–4, 166
practice, propensity to 154, 155, 160, 174, 310
resilience 240–4
resistance to the idea of 308, 309
genetic enhancement 311
genetic polymorphisms 85–6, 87, 88, 127, 214–15
gene–environment interaction 11, 148–9, 159, 164, 166–7
geodesic dome 255
geriatric medicine 218
Giffords, Gabrielle 232
Giuliano, Laura 309
Giving What We Can 289
Go (game) 312
Gobet, Fernand 12
Goldman, Dana 218
Google DeepMind 312
Grant, Adam 21
Grant, Joshua 107
Green, Alan 223–4
Gross, Cornelius 83
GWAS (genome-wide association study) 161, 214–15
habit memory 135
Häkkinen, Mika 99
Hambrick, Zach 11, 15, 16, 149, 154–6, 166–7
Hamilton, Lewis 105
Hannigan, Barbara 156–60, 162, 210
Easterlin Paradox 289
environmental influences 297
evolutionary viewpoint 304
experiential sampling 290, 291, 303, 304
genetic contribution 295–8
hedonic adaptation 294
lifetime evaluation 290, 291, 302, 303
transcendent joy 158, 188, 190
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 88
Harris, Michael Levi 81–2
Hassabis, Demis 312
Hayman, Aurélien 50–1, 52–3, 54–5, 56, 57, 58
hedonic adaptation 294
Henner, Marilu 49
Henson, Dave 115, 116–19, 121, 122, 123, 127, 134, 139, 140–1, 210, 286
Herbert, Frank 134
hippocampus 46, 65, 73, 74, 75, 107, 253
Hitler, Adolf 21
Hoeven, Kati van der 301
Hölzel, Britta 107
HSAM (highly superior autobiographical memory) 48–9, 50–9
Hudson, Richard 69
Human Longevity Inc. 225
Human Performance Center, San Francisco 173
Humphreys, John 205–8, 211, 214, 246
The Hurt Locker (film) 120
hydrogen ions 173
IBMT (integrative body–mind training) 107, 109
IEDs (improvised explosive devices) 115–16, 132
insula 109–10
animal experiments 311
and better health outcomes 19, 20, 21, 308
brain chemistry and 27
crystallized intelligence 12–13, 35
definitional problems 8
emotional intelligence 21
environmental component 32, 33
fluid intelligence 12
g (general factor of intelligence) 20, 21
genetic component 10–11, 20, 25–6, 32, 127
and longevity 308
socioeconomic and cultural differences 21
twin studies 24
see also IQ (Intelligence Quotient)
Invictus games 141
IQ (Intelligence Quotient) 8, 9, 15, 16, 18–21, 24, 309
correlation between spouses 21
and life outcomes 18–19, 20, 21
testing 18–19, 20, 21, 25, 42, 309
isolated populations 244–5
James, LeBron 271
James, William 283
Japan 91–2, 155, 189, 194, 202–4, 210–11, 289
Japanese language 76
Jie, Ke 312
Jones, Christopher 274–5
Jovin, Ellen 78
Jurek, Scott 172
Kahneman, Daniel 291
Karnazes, Dean 169–71, 173, 174, 175–6, 189–90
Kasperova, Petra 184–8, 189, 210
Kennedy, John F. 292
Kijioka, Japan 202–3
King, Martin Luther, Jr. 21
Kinjo, Nabi 203
Krebs, Emil 72
Kryger, Meir 261, 263, 272, 273, 277
lactic acid 173
Lang Lang 147
language extinction 69
acting and 81–2
genetic component 83–9
“language gene” 83–7
language–thought relationship 80
learning a language 72–3
and moral thinking 78–80
polyglots see polyglots
protective effect 74–5
rationality effect 80
and risk perception 80–1
unused languages 75
verbal fluency 23–4, 25, 26, 28
Large Hadron Collider 2
Laureys, Steven 286
Lawrence, Ruth 14
leadership 122
Leadville Trail 100 marathon 177–8
Lecoq, Jacques 81
Lee, Ledell 59–60
Lee, Stan 190
left superior temporal gyrus 74
Lehmann, Laurent 122, 123, 124
Lester, Kathryn 298
Lewis, Alex 233–9
Lewis, Carl 184
Libet, Benjamin 108
life expectancy 194
natural limit 201
lifespan-extension 218–23, 225
animal experiments 219, 220, 222, 311
calorie restriction 221–2
gene therapy 220–1
regenerative medicine 222
young blood experiments 219–20
limb inertia 183
locked-in syndrome 281, 282, 283–4, 285–6, 299–303
happiness, experience of 280, 282, 283, 286, 302
recovery from 299–301
resilience 286
Loewi, Otto 264
Loftus, Elizabeth 65
Loma Linda, California 204
loneliness 258
LonGenity project 216
age-related diseases 214
Blue Zones 176, 203, 204–5, 215–16
centenarians see centenarians
compressed morbidity 213–14
environmental component 203–4, 212
gender differences 196
genetic component 195–7, 211–13, 214–17
intelligence and 308
Japanese 202–4
life expectancy see life expectancy
longevity escape velocity 222
personality factor 206, 207, 208
twin studies 196
see also lifespan-extension
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth 193
Love, Elizabeth 194, 195, 197–200, 202, 206, 209–10, 211, 214, 217
Lowe, Paddy 97
lucid dreaming 265–70
MacArthur, Ellen 93–6, 104, 111, 210, 240, 260, 262
MacAskill, William 288–9, 290, 291–3, 301
McCartney, Paul 264
McGaugh, James 49
McPherson, Gary 162–3
Mah, Cheri 271–2
Mandela, Nelson 48
Mantel, Hilary 7, 22–3, 25–8, 29–30, 34, 96, 227
Marathon, battle of 171
marathons 170, 171–2, 186–90, 306
jelly legs 173
track races 172–3, 185, 186–7, 188–9
ultramarathons 170, 172–3, 177–8, 179, 184–5, 186–7
maraviroc 242
marginal gains training philosophy 270–1
marshmallow test 27
Martin, George 264
Marx, Karl 67
Masten, Ann 246
maternal instinct 136–7
Mathis, Edith 151
Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock 201
meditation
and athletic development 184, 186
benefits for cognitive performance 107
Chinese meditative practice 106
integrative body–mind training (IBMT) 107, 109
narrow-focus meditation 106, 111
open-focus meditation 106, 111
and the subconscious 108
taiji meditative practice 258–9
Zen meditative practice 107, 108–9, 111
Melbourne Conservatorium of Music 162, 163
age-related changes 13
eidetic memory 55
episodic memory 58
evolutionary context 47
eyewitness testimony 60–2, 64, 65
habit memory 135
highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM) 48–9, 50–9
method of loci (memory palace technique) 46–7
reliability 60–2
semantic memory 58
traumatic memories 127, 128, 130
visuospatial information 47–8
memory athletes 39–40, 42–7, 48
memory palace technique 46–7
Mendeleev, Dmitri 264
Mendelian diseases 243, 246, 308
Merrill, Robert 151
metformin 224
method of loci 46–7
Methuselah Foundation, Virginia 194, 225
MGIM (multifactorial gene-environment interaction model) 148–9, 164
microglial cells 277
the military
bomb disposal operatives 116–24, 129
habituating the fear response 133
mind-wandering 30
mindfulness meditation 107, 110
Mischel, Walter 27
mitochondria 176
Monk, Timothy 276–7
Morgan, Charles III 64
Morgan, Dave 249
Morris, Desmond 210
Mosing, Miriam 149, 153–4, 156, 159, 162
age-related changes 13
genetic basis 164
intrinsic and extrinsic 99–102
social 183
Mount Hiei kaihogyo ultrarunning 189
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 150–1, 307
Mullen, Alex 45
Murakami, Haruki 169
muscles and exercise 173–4
genetic component 149, 153, 154, 159, 160–2, 163–4, 166
opera see opera
practice, significance of 149, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156
singing see singing
twin studies 153–5
variance in performance outcomes 149, 153, 154, 166
myelin 275
Myint, Darlene 125–6
Myint, San Thidar 125
Napoleon Bonaparte 277
napping 260
narrow-focus meditation 106, 111
natural running 178
nature and nurture 3, 11, 159, 307, 308
gene-environment interaction 11, 148–9, 159, 164, 166–7
see also environmental component; expertise; genetic component
Navon task 44
necrotizing fasciitis 235
neocortex 253
neurotransmitters 264
Nietzsche, Friedrich 305
nightmares 266
9/11 terrorist attacks 62
Nizzi, Marie-Christine 284–7
NR2B gene 311
Nunn, John 9–11, 12–13, 14, 15, 17–18, 42
Nurse, Paul 31–6
Okinawa 202–4
open-focus meditation 106, 111
complex demands of 144–5
emotion 152
“natural” singers 151–2
speech and 150
successful composers 165
warming-up 157
optimism 239
orangutans 7–8
Ord, Toby 289
out-of-body experiences 170
overtraining 165
parable of the Chinese farmer and the horse 285
Parsons, Shirley 279–80, 281–2, 283, 284, 287–8, 294, 302
Patel, Aniruddh 166
Patihis, Lawrence 56, 57, 58–9
pattern perception 16
Pavarotti, Luciano 151
Penfield, Wilder 57
Per2 gene 274
periodic table of elements 264
Perls, Thomas 213, 214, 215, 217
perseverance 159
personality traits, alteration 66
Petkov, Plamen 125–6, 127, 129
Pfeiffer syndrome 243–4
Philosopher’s Stone 197
pi, recounting of 38–9, 40–1, 42–4, 45, 46
Pistorius, Martin 283–4
pitch-production accuracy tests 161
Plant, Michael 290, 294–5, 303
Pliny the Elder 37
Plomin, Robert 24–6, 33, 296, 309
police officers 118
genetic component 71
moral thinking, changes in 78–80
and personality changes 75, 77
and thought pattern changes 76
Pomohac, Bohdan 228, 230, 231, 232
Pool, Robert 308
positivity 207, 210, 238, 239, 302
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 116, 126, 128, 131, 132–3
treatment 132–3
potential, human 184, 311, 312–13
practice
deliberate practice 11, 12, 15, 46, 148, 166
genetic propensity to practice 154, 155, 160, 174, 310
10,000 hours of practice theory 11, 146, 148, 154, 163
and variance in performance outcomes 149
precuneus 267
prefrontal cortex 86, 88, 107, 262
Price, Deborah 220
problem solving 30
Profile of Mood States Test 109
Prozac 295
psychologist’s fallacy 283
Ptacek, Louis 275–6
public speaking 137
Radcliffe, Paula 184
Rae, Michael 221
Räikkönen, Kimi 103
railway-track metaphor of ideas 36
Rajpathak, Swapnil 199
Rattle, Simon 145
Rechtschaffen, Allan 261
Reese, Debra 59
relaxation training 109
resilience 3, 206, 207, 208–10, 227–47, 279, 286, 310
genetic component 240–4
learning 247
optimism 239
positivity 207, 210, 238, 239, 246, 302
social network, importance of 238–9
Resilience Project 244
resource accumulation 293
Ricard, Matthieu 283
Richards, Keith 264
Righter, Marinda 231
Robot Accommodation Dilemma 124
Roring, Roy 13
Rosberg, Nico 99
Rose, Matthew 144–7, 149–50, 152–3, 156, 157, 158, 162
Ross, John 262
round-the-world sailing 93–6, 110
Royal Hospital Chelsea 205–6
barefoot 178–9
East African runners 182–3
foot-strike injuries 178, 179, 181
genetic component 175, 176, 177, 182
natural running 178–9
sleep-running 170
sprinters 173–4
Tarahumara people 177–8, 179–82
ultrarunners see marathons
Rylance, Mark 44
Sage Bionetworks 244
samurai 91
Sandberg, Anders 313
Sardinia 204
Sartre, Jean-Paul 37
Schredl, Michael 265, 268, 269, 270, 271
Schumacher, Michael 103
Sedol, Lee 312
Self-Transcendence race 186, 188–9
selflessness 127
Seli, Paul 30
semantic memory 58
Seo, Jeong-Sun 160–1
serotonin-transporter gene 295–6
Seventh Day Adventist Church 204
Shakespeare, William 120, 249, 306, 307
Shenk, David 308
short sleepers 272–7
health-related problems 272, 273
natural short sleepers 275, 276, 311
personality traits 276–7
subclinical hypomania 277
Shumyatsky, Gleb 127–8
Sierra Madre Occidental 177
Simonton, Dean Keith 165
Singer, Peter 123
genetic component 146, 164, 166
innate talent 151–2
opera see opera
timbre 164
skill see expertise
animal experiments 261, 263, 277–8
brain activity 249–50
cellular repair and maintenance 250
Dymaxion sleep 255
extended sleep time, benefits of 271–2
genetic component 274, 275, 276
mammals 255
monophasic sleep 255, 258, 259
napping 260
polyphasic sleep 255, 256–7, 258, 259–61
recommended duration of 273
REM sleep 250, 252, 254, 261, 263, 264, 266, 267, 268
short sleepers see short sleepers
sleep deprivation 259, 260, 261–3, 272, 273, 277
sleep hygiene 272
sleep latency 258
spindles 253
stages of sleep 252–4
Uberman system 256–7
see also dreaming
sleep-phase syndrome 274
sleep-running 170
Sleep-Wake Center, Utah 274
Smith, Ali 279
Smith, Tony 184
Smith, Zadie 305
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome 243
SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) 85–6, 88, 214–15
social bravery 137
social motivation 183
Spartathlon 172
speech apraxia 84
spindles 253
sports science see athletes
sprinters 173–4
Sri Chinmoy marathons 184–5, 186–7, 188
Stafforini, Pablo 293–4
Stampi, Claudio 260
Stevenson, Betsey 289–90
Stewart, Martha 273
STMN1 gene 128
Strauss, Richard 143
Streptococcus A 235
stress, calm approach to 210, 213
Stroll, Lance 96–7, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 111
subclinical hypomania 277
the subconscious 108
subgenual anterior cingulate cortex 138–9
Superhumans (TV show) 190
sustained attention 97–8
see also focus
tai chi 259
taiji meditative practice 258–9
talent 10, 11, 148, 151–2, 156
DMTG (differentiating model of talent and giftedness) 163
see also expertise
Tamminen, Jakke 61, 62, 249–50, 251, 252, 253, 254
Tan, Yi Ting 163–4
Tarahumara people 177–8, 179–82, 183
Tarleton, Carmen 227–32, 237, 239, 240
team bonding dynamic 122–3
telomeres 220–1
10,000 hours of practice theory 11, 146, 148, 154, 163
Terfel, Bryn 151
Thompson-Cannino, Jennifer 60–1
thrombophilia 281
total recall see HSAM (highly superior autobiographical memory)
track races 172–3, 185, 186–7, 188–9
transcendent experiences 158, 170, 188, 189, 190
Tranströmer, Tomas 249
trauma survivors 117–18, 127, 134, 140–1, 227–38
see also locked-in syndrome; resilience
trolley dilemma 79
True, Micah 179–80
Trump, Donald 272
Tucker-Drob, Elliot 154–6
twin studies
fraternal twins 196
identical twins 196
intelligence 24
longevity 196
musical abilities 153–5
physical ability 175
Uberman system 256–7
Übermensch 259
Ullén, Frederick 148–9
Urbach-Wiethe disease 129–32
Urs, Albrecht 274
VO2 max (maximum oxygen uptake) 176–7, 180
Vaupel, James 201
Vendée Globe 93–4
Venter, Craig 225
Vettel, Sebastian 99
Vijg, Jan 201
Villeneuve, Jacques 96
Voltaire 279
Walhovd, Kristine 28
Wallace, David Foster 67
Watson, Geoff 235
weightlifters 173–4
Western States 100-Mile Endurance Run 172
Williams, Adrian 261, 263, 278
Williams, Alan 150
Williams F1 racing team 96–7, 98–9
Wilson, Nicola 37
Wolfers, Justin 289–90
World Indigenous Games 179
World Memory Championships 45
Wren, Christopher 205
writing profession 29–30
Yamamoto, Tsunetomo 91
Zakai, Mira 151
Zeggini, Eleftheria 245–6
Zen meditative practice 107, 108–9, 111
Zhavoronkov, Alex 222–3
Zhu, Bi 64–5