Index

• Aaronson, Scott, 49, 147
• African Queen, The, 142
• Airplane!, 57
• algorithm, 152–153
• America’s Funniest Home Videos
• AML, 2–4, 6, 62–63, 65, 72, 100, 125, 140, 144, 155
• analogue computer, 114
• Armstrong, Neil, 33
• Asimov, Isaac, 138, 156
• Bartlett, Frederic, 31, 146

• baseball cap example, 51–52
• bears hibernate example, 69–70, 84–86, 125
• Berkun, Scott, 80
• Big Puzzle, 15–28, 30, 63, 66–67, 142, 145, 149
• black swans, 88, 91, 100, 150–151
• Blade Runner, 2, 49
• Bob guilty example, 104–105, 124
• book knowledge, 80–81, 83, 85, 96, 150
• bootstrapping language problem, 68
• British National Corpus, 94, 151
• Brooks, Rodney, 149
• Brown, Molly, 18
• Calculemus!, 118
• canary example, 71–72, 149
• Catch Me If You Can, 46–47
• Chinese Room argument, 10–13, 144
• Chomsky, Noam, 41, 68, 147, 149
• Christian, Brian, 147
• Clarke, Arthur C., 131, 155
• Close Encounters of the Third Kind, 141
• closed-world assumption, 53, 148
• cognitively penetrable, 34
• common sense, 4–6, 51, 122–123, 130, 134, 140, 150
• Cook, Stephen, 153
• crocodile example, 51–53, 60
• CYC, 154–155
• Darwin, Charles, 121, 126, 154
• Davis, Ernie, xiii, 53, 151
• Deacon, Terrence, 121
• Debussy vs. Ravel thinking, 19
• DEEP BLUE, 132, 156
• degree of belief, 37, 124, 154
• Dennett, Daniel, 27, 38, 145–146
• design stance, 27, 111, 145
• distributed representation, 25, 145
• Doctor Strangelove, 138
• DPLL, 152–153
• Dreyfus, Hubert, 95, 151

• ELIZA, 48, 50, 84, 147
• EUGENE GOOSTMAN, 49–50, 147
• evolution, 16, 27, 62, 121, 126, 137, 140–142, 145, 147, 154
• expert system, 151
• expert vs. novice behavior, 95–96, 151

• fMRI, 23, 145
• Fodor, Jerry, 145
• Forest Gump, 9

• Gates, Bill, 136, 155
• Gaussian elimination, 152
• Gettier, Edmund, 146
• Gladwell, Malcolm, 145
• GOFAI, 4–7, 61–62, 122, 126, 140, 144, 149, 155
• Graduate, The, 78

• HAL 9000 computer, 2, 137–138
• Haugeland, John, 144
• Hawking, Stephen, 136, 155
• Hayakawa, S. I., 74, 149
• Henry car key example, 40–41, 123, 146
• Hinton, Geoffrey, 144
• Humphrey, Nicholas, 40, 146

• Imitation Game, 8, 10, 47, 50, 147
• implicit vs. explicit belief, 146
• incarnate word example, 67–68
• intentional stance, 37–38, 101, 115, 119–120, 146

• Jerry Springer Show, The, 39
• juggling words critique, 84, 148

• Kahneman, Daniel, 145
• kappanium example, 60–61
• Kasparov, Garry, 132
• Keller, Helen, 81–85, 86, 148
• knowledge base, 119
• knowledge-based system, 39, 115–127, 153
• Kubrick, Stanley, 33–34, 138, 155
• Kurzweil, Raymond, 137, 155

• learning. See AML
• Leibniz, Gottfried, 108, 115–119, 153
• Loebner competition, 48, 147
• logic, 104–107, 109, 118–120, 123–124, 146, 152–155
• long tail, 52, 87–100, 140, 150, 153

• machine learning. See AML
• machine M example, 19
• Mackworth, Alan, 149
• McCarthy, John, 4, 6, 29–30, 34, 61–62, 119, 122–123, 125, 139, 144, 154, 156
• McCorduck, Pamela, 143
• McLaughlin Group, The, 87
• McRone, John, 83
• Meaning of Life, The, 40
• Miller, Oliver, 48, 147
• Minsky, Marvin, xiv–xv, 4, 124, 131, 145, 154, 156
• Miracle Worker, The, 81
• Monty Python, 40
• Morgenstern, Leora, 53
• movie release year example, 31–35, 45, 97, 115, 126
• Musk, Elon, 1, 136, 155

• neuroscience, 16, 19, 23, 25–26, 61–62, 149
• Newell, Allen, 4, 154
• Newton, Isaac, 75, 115, 149
• Ng, Andrew, 3
• Nilsson, Nils, 143
• Norvig, Peter, 143

• Oliver!, 33
• OpenAI, 1, 144

• P = NP question, 153
• Paths of Glory, 138
• Perlis, Don, xiii, 150
• Pinker, Steven, 145
• probability. See degree of belief
• psychology, 16, 19, 22, 53–54, 61, 141, 154
• Pylyshyn, Zenon, 33–34, 146

• qualia and consciousness, 28
• quantum computer, 114

• Rapaport, William, 84, 150
• representation and reasoning, 37, 122–123, 125–127, 131, 154
• reverse-engineering neurons, 25, 122, 145
• Rome taxi example, 85
• Russell, Stuart, 143

• Searle, John, 10–13
• Shakespeare, 16, 74
• Simon, Herb, 4, 154
• Smith, Brian, 119, 154
• source vs. object code, 24–25
• street knowledge, 80, 85–86
• Sullivan, Anne, 81, 150
• symbol grounding problem, 148–149
• symbolic species, 121

• tabula rasa computer, 127
• Taleb, Nassim, 88, 150–151
• Thatcher, Margaret, 135, 156
• Tommy and Suzy age example, 102–103, 117
• traffic-related deaths, 90
• Turing machine, 111–114, 152
• Turing Test, 7, 9–12, 30, 45, 47–48, 50, 59
• Turing, Alan, 7–11, 13, 47, 50, 59, 84, 108–111, 132, 148, 152, 156
• 2001: A Space Odyssey, xiv, 2, 31–35, 45, 61, 97, 115, 126, 131, 137–138, 155–156

• universal grammar, 149
• use vs. mention distinction, 83

• Weizenbaum, Joseph, 48, 50, 147
• whiteout, 92–93, 95–97
• Winograd schema, 54–63, 97–99, 125–126, 129, 148
• Winograd Schema Test, 59, 84
• Winograd, Terry, 56, 148
• word as symbol, 82–83, 108–109, 121, 125