50 Cent Army (Chinese government campaign), 155
5G cellular network technology, 50–53
ABC (television network), 134, 195
Abrams, Elliott, 230
Access to Medicine Foundation (AMF), 45, 46
Access to Medicine Index, 46
Active Denial System (millimeter wave weaponry), 52
activism, 8, 66, 88, 100, 133–35, 179, see also protest
Addiction by Design, 168
The Advocate (magazine), 189, 192, 205, 210, 212, 215n30
Aegis Research Corporation, 233
Affordable Care Act (US), 44, 186, 212, 214n4, 261, 262
African Americans, 1, 7, 38, 40, 44, 58, 62, 67, 69, 70, 73, 92, 93, 104, 114, 116–19, 144, 199, 208, 226, 242, 267
agriculture, 31, 32, 35, 52, 72–74, 264
Air Quality Index (AQI), 162, 163
Al Qaeda, 231
Al-Akhbar, 65
Al-Aqsa Mosque, 94
Albright, Madeleine, 230
Alexander, Marissa, 38
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, xi, 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 85, 86, 88, 99, 100
Alliance Defending Freedom, 192
Alliance for Securing Democracy (ASD), 232, 233, 235, 249nn104, 105
Alt-Press Watch, 189
Alwood, Edward, 188, 210, 214n17
Amazon rainforest, 16–18, 31, 32
Amazon Watch, 33
America First Party, 155
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 70, 140, 191, 192, 198, 201, 202
American Enterprise Institute, 237
American Indian movement, 58
American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), 57
Americans for Responsible Technology, 52
Amusing Ourselves to Death, 161
Anand, Dibyesh, 180
Andes Mountains, 31
Android (mobile operating system), 76, 77
Antifa movement, 155
Anti-Media (media website), 234
Anti-Trafficking Review, 36
App Store, 76
Apple (technology company), 77, 235
Aramark, 73
Army Research Laboratory (US), 47
Army War College (US), 240
Asia Program (German Marshall Fund), 232
Assange, Christine, 234
Assange, Julian, 4–6, 234, 235, 239, 242
Associated Press, 24, 215n29, 259
Atchafalaya Basin, LA, 148
Atlantic Council, 26, 27, 29, 30, 230, 233, 236, 247nn67, 68, 251n142
Atwood, Margaret, 1
“BackThen” (video channel), 29, 235
Baghdad, Iraq, 4
Bambara, Toni Cade, 267
Baron, Marty, 226
Barr, William, 85
Basu, Nandita, 54
Batamaloo, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 177, 178
Bayou Bridge Pipeline, 57, 148
BBC (television and radio network), 68, 226, 227
The Beach Boys (music group), 230
Belkin, Aaron, 200
Bendib, Khalil, 5, 27, 34, 42, 66, 75, 90, 111, 116, 123, 225
Benjamin, Medea, 108
Benjamin, Walter, 106
Berkeley, CA, 48
Bickert, Monika, 231
Billingsley, Lloyd, 112
bin Salman, Mohammad, 5
Bing (internet browser), 228
Black Agenda Report, 226
Black Lives Matter movement, 242
Black Power movement, 58
Blevins, Rachel, 234
Blumenthal, Max, 48, 49, 67, 79n30
Bogota Declaration (COICA), 31
Boko Haram, 64
Boorstin, Daniel, 166
Border Patrol (US), 111
Boston, MA, 117
Bowman, Tom, 107
Boy George (musician), 98
Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement (BDS), 65–67
BP (oil and gas company), 55, 60
Bradbury, Alexandra, 8, 135, 149–52
Brand New Congress (US political action committee), 119
BrandGuard (NewsGuard product), 237, 238
Brazil, xi, 29, 31, 32, 186, 213
Break Free from Fossil Fuels campaign, 56, 57
Breitbart (Far-Right media website), 232
Breitburg, Denise, 55
Brennan Center for Justice, 56
Brexit, 222
Britain, see United Kingdom
Buckingham Palace, 87
Buffalo, NY, 150
Bureau of Justice Statistics (US), 61
Burger King (fast food company), 55
Burrows, Kenn, 3, 10, 19, 50–53, 255–73
Burton, Susan, 38
Butina, Maria, 222
By Invitation Only, 195, 215n31
Bynum, Anne, 43
California, 16, 17, 19, 49, 69–72, 151, 162, 180
California Department of Justice, 69–71
California Division of Juvenile Justice, 71
The California Report (radio show), 72
California State University, San Bernardino, 208
Cameroon, 63
Canary Mission (anti-Palestine website), 66
capitalism, 18, 75–77, 115, 118, 120, 241
Capitol Hill, Washington, DC, 108, 125
Cardi B (musician), 86, 89, 91
Cardona Castillo, Bayron, 110
Cargill (food, finance, and technology corporation), 54
Cargo torture center, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 176
Caribbean, 68
Carlson, Carolyn S., 138
Carroll, Lewis, 1–3, 10–12, 13n8
CBS (television network), 230
CBS News, 36, 37, 42, 52, 55, 238
CBS This Morning, 98
censorship, xi, 15, 103, 133, 135, 186, 187
government, 26–30, 65–67, 91, 173
impact on democracy, xiii, 8, 23–29, 77n8, 96, 119, 122, 127, 152, 178, 179, 222, 223, 241, 242
in the service of fighting “fake news,” xii, 9, 79n30, 223, 225, 228, 229, 231–33, 235, 237, 238, 242
of independent media, 28–30, 65–67, 79n30, 223, 225–28, 232–35, 237, 238, 241
of journalists, 6, 23–25, 78n22
public information officers, 8, 134–38
social media, 9, 25–30, 152, 154, 225, 226, 229, 231, 258
Center for American Politics Studies, 239
Center for American Women and Politics, 115
Center for Biological Diversity, 33, 59
Center for Economic and Policy Research, 63
Center for Strategic and International Studies, 230, 231, 248n88
Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism, 208
Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, 70–72
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (US), 135
Central America, 7, 41, 104, 107, 109–111, 113, 114
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (US), 27, 233, 236
Central Reserve Police Force (India), 175
Central Valley, CA, 8
centrism, 105, 118, 120, 128n5
Cephus, Kulture Kiari, 89
Chakrabarti, Samidh, 231
Charles Koch Institute, 230, 238
Charlottesville, VA, 48
Chattanooga, TN, 204
Chávez, Hugo, 29
Chechnya (federal subject of Russia), 186
Cheeni Chowk, Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, 175
Chertoff, Michael, 230, 232, 236
Chevron, 27
Chicago, IL, 151, 158n30, 208, 265
Chicago Tribune, 59
children, see young people
Christchurch, New Zealand, 94
Christianity, 203, 204, see also Baptist Church; Catholic Church
Chuck E. Cheese’s (restaurant chain), 163, 170
Cisco (technology conglomerate), 53
City College of San Francisco, 33, 72
civil rights, 56, 62, 67, 69–71, 93, 140, 141, see also surveillance
media coverage of organizations, 188, 190, 191, 198, 199, 202
Civil Rights movement, 93, 268
civilians, 4, 174, 176, 178, 179
Clapper, James, 4
class, 72–75, 95, 96, 111, 216n35, 119–21, 225, 241, 265, see also inequality
Clegg, Nick, 232
climate change, 1, 7, 31–34, 55–58, 86–88, 118, 119, 133, 134
solutions to, 67, 68, 146, 147, 259, 264
Clinton, Bill, 230
Clinton, Hillary, 90, 144, 222, 224
CNBC (television network), 75
CNN (television network), 29, 30, 36, 37, 53, 61, 63, 78n22, 83n94, 105, 118, 134, 235, 238, 239
Coast Guard (US), 200
Code Pink (anti-war organization), 108
Cohen, Jessica, 258
Cohen, Michael, 86
Cohen, Roger, 107
COINTELPRO (FBI program), 58
College of Marin, 7, 45, 55, 69
College of Western Idaho, 58, 60
Colombia, 31
Colorado, 151
Colorado Springs Independent, 189, 215n28
Columbian Chemicals, 155
Combs, James E., 153
Comiti, Paul, 173
Commentator Accountability Project, 211
Common Dreams, 16, 27–29, 31, 32, 228
Community Coalition for Real Meals, 73
Compass Group (food service company), 73
Condé Nast, 89
Congress (US), 4, 7, 28, 39, 49, 58, 104, 114–20, 191, 199, 212, 223, 233
conservatism, 9, 27, 31, 32, 44, 66, 67, 111–13, 117, 122, 128n5, 148, 185, 202, 203, 213n2, 227, 228, 230, 231, 233, 237, see also fascism; Republican Party (US)
Constitution (US),
First Amendment, 5, 6, 11, 23–25, 185
Fourteenth Amendment, 189
The Conversation (media website), 60, 61
Cooper, Anderson, 239
Coordinator of the Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin (COICA), 31, 32
Cop Block (police accountability organization), 234
corporate misconduct, 1, 27, 32, 52, 148, 202, 222, 233, 241, see also capitalism; media, corporate; social media
impact on health, 45, 46, 72–74
impact on the environment, 33, 34, 53–55, 60, 61, 148
within the tech industry, 19, 26–30, 76, 77, 143–45
Correa, Rafael, 235
El Correo del Orinoco, 234
Council on Foreign Relations, 236, 251n140
Counter Current News, 234
Crain, Matthew, 8, 134, 143–46
Creative Loafing Charlotte, 215n28
Crimea, Ukraine/Russia, 222
criminal justice system, 1, 2, 19, 36, 37, 40–44, 56, 57, 61–63, see also law enforcement; prisons
mandatory minimum sentences, 38, 39
Crovitz, Louis Gordon, 237
Crowley, Joseph, 119
Cuillier, David, 138
Dakota Access Pipeline, 57, 148
Dar, Huma, 180
data, 35–37, 46, 51, 52, 61, 83n94, 114–16, 143–46, see also surveillance
algorithms, xi, 2, 9, 28, 29, 152, 154, 228
Data & Society (research institute), 133, 143, 145
Davenport, Coral, 137
Dean, James Joseph, 188
Deepwater Horizon oil spill, 60
Delhi, India, 180
Delwiche, Aaron, 8, 135, 152–55
DeMelle, Brendan, 8, 135, 146–49
and corporate media interests, 96, 119, 122, 222
and the technology industry, 26–30, 143, 145, 239, 240
censorship in, xiii, 8, 23–29, 77n8, 96, 119, 122, 127, 152, 178, 179, 222, 223, 241, 242
in action, 7, 8, 134, 135, 149, 150, 152, 153
role of journalism in, 11, 12, 15, 19, 85, 152, 241, 256
Democracy Now!, 37, 38, 108, 228
Democratic Party (US), 114–19, 122, 124, 126, 133, 199, 222, 233, 237
Democratic Socialists of America, 119
Denmark, 74
Department of Defense (US), 3, 47, 52, 191
Department of Education (US), 123, 191
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (US), 42, 209
Department of Homeland Security (US), 35, 240
Department of Housing and Urban Development (US), 191
Department of Justice (DOJ) (US), 5, 6, 23–25, 42, 186, 191
Department of State (US), 27, 50, 142, 232, 233, 236
Department of the Interior (US), 141
Dermansky, Julie, 148
DeSmogBlog, 8, 133, 135, 146–48
Detroit, MI, 262
Deutch, Ted, 42
developing countries, 28, 45, 46, 63, 64
di Prima, Diane, 255
Diablo Valley College, 26
Diario Vea, 234
Digital Forensic Research Lab, 26, 30, 230, 236
Digital Influence Machine, 145
Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (European Union), 242
Disco Soup movement, 267
Discourse and the Construction of Society, 104
Dobson, James, 205
Dogra Regiment (Indian Army), 174
Dold, James, 39
Donaldson, O. Fred, 268
Drake (musician), 39
Dremann, Blake, 200
E! channel, 85
Earls, Felton, 265
eBay, 232
Edelman Trust Barometer, 239
EdSource, 70
education, 74, 75, 123, 151, 177, 197, 234, 265, see also schools
critical media literacy, 11, 133, 134
discriminatory policing in, 69–71
Egypt, 31
El Salvador, 109
elections,
2016 presidential (US), 25, 47, 48, 92, 134, 143, 152, 189, 222–27, 229, 233
2018 midterm (US), 7, 114, 115, 117–20, 189, 206
integrity/external influence, 1, 26, 28, 29, 134, 143, 152, 155, 222–27, 229, 233, 234
international, 26, 28, 29, 32, 155, 234
Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), 76
Ellis, Sarah Kate, 189, 215n23
Ellsberg, Daniel, 6
Eluxe Magazine, 52
Endangered Species Act of 1973 (US), 17, 58–60
Energy Transfer Partners, 57, 148
environment, 55–58, 72–74, 87, 88, see also climate change
degradation of, 8, 51, 52, 61, 68, 146, 241
and US governmental policy, 33, 34, 58–60, 137, 141
Enron, 155
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (US), 34, 137, 139
Environmental Research, 51
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (US), 123
Equality Act (US bill), 209, 210, 212, 218n74
Erdogan, Recep Tayyip, 28
Espionage Act of 1917 (US), 4, 5
Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission, 192
Exstrum, Olivia, 39
ExxonMobil, 27
Facebook, xii, 1, 2, 18, 25–30, 65, 77, 78n26, 134, 143–45, 152, 179, 180, 223–35, 238, 239, 255, 257
Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting (FAIR), 27–29
fake news, xi, xii, 9, 26, 155, 227–31, 233, 258
and “Russiagate,” 28, 152, 223–26, 229
Family Research Council, 9, 192, 203–205, 211, 217n58
Farm to School Network, 72
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (US), 24, 25, 55–57, 92, 122, 123, 139, 227
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) (US), 21, 52, 257
Federal Register (US government journal), 140
Federal Trade Commission (US), 77
Feinstein, Dianne, 122
Fies, Brian, 163
film, 65–67, 89, 97–99, 173, 180, 181, 203, 242, 267
Filming Cops (police accountability organization), 234
Financial Times, 238
A Fire Story, 163
FireEye, 233, 235, 249nn111, 114
First Amendment Defense Act (US bill), 185
First Draft (“information integrity” organization), xii
First Information Reports (FIRs) (India/Pakistan), 177
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) (US), 58, 59
Flint, MI, 137
Florida, 38
Fly, Jamie, 232
Focus on the Family (Christian conservative organization), 205
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (US), 53, 135–37, 156n12
Food & Water Watch (nonprofit organization), 33
Food Insight Group, 72
Forbes, 37
Ford, Christine Blasey, 120–25
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) (US), 23–25
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (US), 23, 24
Foreign Policy Initiative (FPI), 232
Foreign Policy Research Institute, 227, 246n48
Forrest, Andrew, 35
fossil fuel industry, see oil and gas industry
Fox News, 24, 29, 88, 105, 106, 109, 111, 112, 117, 231, 237–39
France, xi, 7, 65, 92, 95, 96, 155, 240
Franken, Al, 126
free speech, 1, 5, 6, 11, 23–25, 134, 183, 225–29, 234, 242, see also Constitution (US), First Amendment
Free Thought Project, 234
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (US), 23, 56
Freedom of the Press Foundation, 4, 23–25
Frick, Inga, 56
Friends of the Earth (environmental organization), 73
FrontPage Mag, 112
Future of Geopolitics Program (German Marshall Fund), 232
Gabbard, Tulsi, 242
Galanter, Seth, 199
Gallagher, Anne, 36
Gamson, William, 187, 196, 216n42
Gannett (media company), 238
Garland, Merrick, 122
Geneva, Switzerland, 177
GEO Group, Inc., 35
Georgia, 73
German, Mike, 56
Gessen, Masha, 224
Ghosh, Dipayan, 143
Gibbs, Rennie, 43
Gingrich, Newt, 155
GLAAD (media monitoring organization), 210, 211
GLAAD Media Reference Guide, 189, 194, 196, 215n29
Gleicher, Nathaniel, 231, 248n88
Global Digital Policy Incubator, 180
Global Research (media website), 28, 29, 228
Global Slavery Index (GSI), 35–37
Gmail (Google), 234
GoFundMe, 93
Goldman, Rob, 224
Gomes, Ben, 228
Google, xii, 1, 18, 76, 77, 134, 145, 224, 228–30, 234, 235, 238, 239, 257
Google News Initiative, 238
Google News Lab, 238
Google Opinion Rewards, 76, 77
Göring, Hermann, 221
Gosar, Paul, 86
Grabell, Michael, 43
Grassley, Chuck, 90
Grayson, Brandon, 45, 46, 85–102
Great Barrier Reef, 68
Great Depression (US), 61
Great Recession (US), 74
Greater Kashmir (newspaper), 180
Greater Union Baptist Church, 92, 94
Green, Mark E., 204
Greenpeace USA, 33
Greenwald, Jerry A., 266
GSK (pharmaceutical company), 45
Guaidó, Juan, 234
Guardado, Daisy, 110
The Guardian, 16, 32, 35–38, 44–46, 54, 56–59, 229
Guatemala, 109
Gulf of Mexico, 17, 18, 53–55, 60, 61, 147
Haaretz (Israeli newspaper), 66, 67
Haas Institute for a Fair and Inclusive Society, 265
The Handmaid’s Tale, 1
Hannity, Sean, 90
Harbath, Katie, 26
Harris Insights & Analytics, 239
Harvard University, 239, 259, 265
Hasan, Mehdi, 107
Haslam, Bill, 37
Hatch, Orrin, 90
hate crimes, 92–94, 184, 206, 207
Hayden, Michael, 230, 236, 251n140
HBO (television network), 97, 99
Healdsburg High School, 23
Hebrew University, 52
Heritage Foundation, 237
Herman, Edward S., 187
Herring, Mary Margaret, 8, 135, 152–55
Hill, Anita, 123
The Hill (media website), 48, 49
Hispanic peoples, see Latinx peoples
HispanTV (television network), 234
Hollywood Beauty Awards, 95
homeland security, 35, 47, 234, 238
Hoover Institution, 66
HOPE Court (Washington, DC), 40
House of Representatives (US), 49, 86, 114, 116, 118, 199
How to Jump-Start Your Union, 150, 151
Huawei, 53
Hulu (television network), 1
Human Rights Campaign (nonprofit organization), 191
Human Rights for Kids (nonprofit organization), 39
human trafficking, 35, 36, 39, see also sex trafficking
Huntington Beach, CA, 48
Hussein, Saddam, 231
Illinois, 57
immigration, 1, 3, 35, 36, 89–91, see also refugees
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) (US), 91, 112, 119, 140–42
“In the Now” (video channel), 29, 30, 235
Indian Ocean, 68
Indian Penal Code, 177
Indian River State College, 48
indigenous peoples, 16–18, 31, 32, 57, 58, 114, 148
Indonesia, 68
inequality, 18, 19, 40, 74, 75, 95, 96, 239, 255, see also class; LGBTQ issues; racism; women
Inland Valley Daily Bulletin, 63
In-Q-Tel, 233
Institute for Applied Positive Research, 262
Institute for Propaganda Analysis (IPA), 153, 154
Institute for Research on Poverty, 83n94
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 87, 88
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) (US), 142
International Agency for Research on Cancer, 51
International Fact-Checking Network, 232
International Federation for Human Rights, 176
International Republican Institute (IRI), 26, 28, 29, 230, 247n73
International Workers Association, 155
internet, 51, 76, 100, 153–55, 228, 230, 237, 240, see also social media
democratic potential of, 135, 146–48, 239–42, 257, 267
Internet Research Agency (IRA), 223–25
iOS (mobile operating system), 76, 77
ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria), 155
Islam, 92–94, 114, 119, 177, 221
Israel on Campus Coalition, 65
Israel Project (nonprofit organization), 65
Jackson, Roberta, 138
Jacobin (magazine), 105
James, LeBron, 39
James Cook University, 68
Jammu, administered by India/Pakistan/China, 174, 176, 179, 180
Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act (PSA), 176, 177
Jammu & Kashmir State Human Rights Commission, 176
Jammu Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society (JKCCS), 174
Janus v. AFSCME, 151
Japan, 256
Jefferson, Thomas, 257
Jerusalem, Israel/Palestine, 52, 94
Jimenez Flores, Edwin Enrique, 110
Jintiach, Juan Carlos, 32
John Birch Society, 155
Johnson, Jake, 27
Johnson & Johnson (pharmaceutical company), 45
Joint Chiefs of Staff (US), 47
Joint Terrorism Task Force (US), 227
Jones, Alex, 235
Jones, Doug, 233
Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 90
journalism,
access to organizational employees, 134–38
and surveillance of journalists, 5, 6, 23–25, 28, 78n22, 238, 242
constructive, 10, 13n10, 19, 257, 258, 260, 270
critical, 10, 257, 260–62, 270
engagement, 8, 10, 260, 264–70
investigative, 85, 99, 120, 123, 134, 146
role in society, 3, 11, 15, 16, 99, 126, 134–38, 256–59, 261, 265, see also democracy
solutions, 10, 258, 262–64, 270
sources, 5, 6, 10, 24, 25, 185, 188–95, 210, 211, 215n31, 216n36, 261
Junk Food News, 2, 7, 85–102, 135
Justice Democrats (US political action committee), 119
Kagan, Robert, 232
Kaiser Permanente, 261
Kak, Sanjay, 180
Kansas, 53
Karana Rising (nonprofit organization), 40
Kardashian West, Kim, 7, 39, 85, 86, 94–96
Kashani, Paymon, 138
Kashmir, administered by India/Pakistan/China, 8, 9, 173–83
The Kashmir Reader (newspaper), 179
Kashmir Times (newspaper), 180
Katan, Tuntiak, 31
Katchanovski, Ivan, 49
Kavanaugh, Brett, 7, 44, 90, 104, 120–26, 131n54
Keep It in the Ground movement, 147
Kelley, Jason, 76
Kelly, Sharon, 147
Kentucky, 151
KGB (Committee for State Security) (Soviet Union), 222
Khalek, Rania, 30
Khamenei, Ali, 234
Khanna, Rohit, 49
Khashoggi, Jamal, 5
Kinder Morgan, 57
Kissinger, Henry, 27, 108, 230
Knight First Amendment Institute, 23–25
Koch brothers, 148
Koch vs Clean, 148
KQED (radio and television stations), 72
Kristof, Nicholas, 113
Kristol, Bill, 232
Krystofiak, Thom, 56
Ku Klux Klan, 116
labor, 8, 40, 72–75, 133, 155, 178, 240
and felon disenfranchisement, 61–63
and “right-to-work” laws, 151
forced, 35–37, see also slavery
Labor Notes, 8, 133, 135, 149–52, 158n30
Lambda Legal, 191
Language: A Key Mechanism of Control, 155
Lanier, Jaron, 169
Larsen, Carl, 203
Las Vegas, NV, 168
Latinx peoples, 62, 69, 70, 89–91, 109–112, 117, 234
Lauria, Joe, 225
law enforcement, 1, 16, 23, 41, 42, 57, 64, 69–71, 108, 110, 136, 138, 175, 177, 179, 208, 214, 234, 240, 241, 264, 266
Lay, Carol, 154
Le Guin, Ursula K., 164
Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, 192
Lebanon, 65
The Left Hand of Darkness, 164
legislation, 5, 41, 70, 73–75, 111, 114, 117–20, 133, 152, 180, 191, 202, 204, 209, 231
and lobbying efforts, 60, 65–67, 133
criminal justice, 37–40, 43, 44, 61–63
digital oversight, xi, 77, 145, 231
environmental, 33, 34, 57–60, 137, 146
foreign policy (US), 25–30, 46, 49, 66, 67, 119, 155, 227, 232, 234
LGBTQ-related, 185, 187, 197–202, 205, 206, 212
Leiserowitz, Anthony, 259
Levi, Jennifer, 201
Levinson, Jennifer, 32–34, 72–74
LexisNexis, 21
LGBTQ issues, 114, 187, 190, see also transgender issues
“bathroom bills,” 9, 197, 198, 202, 206, 208, 212
homophobia, 2, 9, 186, 188, 205, 208–211, 214n19
marriage equality, 185, 189, 203, 205, 211, 215n21
treatment by the military, 188, 189, 191, 199–201, 204, 206, 208, 212, 215n32
treatment in the media, 9, 18, 185, 186, 188, 189, 192–97, 205–207, 210–13, 215nn28, 30
Li, Sydney, 76
liberalism, 28, 104, 113–15, 228, 229, 233, 235, see also Democratic Party (US)
Library of Congress (US), 142
Libya, 48
Lincoln, Bruce, 104
Line of Control, Jammu and Kashmir, 178
Lippmann, Walter, 15, 16, 19, 77n8, 78n12
Lockheed Martin, 233
Log Cabin Republicans, 185
Loki, Reynard, 54
London, UK, 5, 46, 87, 235, 267
Los Angeles, CA, 48
Los Angeles Times, 188, 189, 192, 197, 199, 201, 202, 209, 211, 212, 215n30
Louisiana, 7, 57, 60, 61, 92, 93, 148
Louisiana Purchase (1803), 148
Macek, Steve, 7, 25–30, 37–40, 43, 44, 133–58
“The Machine Stops,” 8, 164, 165
Macron, Emmanuel, 95
Macy’s (department store chain), 150
Madonna (musician), 98
Maduro, Nicolás, 235
Magram, Jonas, 56
Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17, 222
Maldives, 68
Mali, 63
Mandiant (cybersecurity firm), 233
Manufacturing Consent, 187
Maoist International Movement, 155
Marcetic, Branko, 105
Marine Corps (US), 200
Marion County, FL, 202
Martin, Abby, 235
Martin, Christopher R., 135
Masood (pseudonym), 174
mass shootings, 69, 70, 94, 185
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 165
McCarthy, Joseph, 226
McCarthy, Kevin, 111
McConnell, Mitch, 90, 111, 125
McCutcheon, Jody, 52
McDonald’s (fast food company), 54, 55
McKibben, Bill, 56
#MeToo movement, 99, 117, 120–22, 124–26
media, see also journalism; Junk Food News; Media Democracy in Action; News Abuse
corporate 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 12, 86, 92–94, 100, 135, 149–51, 173, 179
coverage of celebrity gossip, 7, 39, 85–89, 91–100
coverage of LGBTQ issues, 9, 185, 186, 188, 189, 192–95, 205, 206, 208, 211–13
coverage of Top 25 News Stories, 3, 6, 16, 29, 30, 32–34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42–44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 53, 55, 58–60, 63, 64, 68, 71–75, 77, 133
News Abuse, 103–109, 113, 115, 116, 118–20, 126, 127, 134, 135
propaganda, 152–55, 221–26, 237–42
framing, 34, 98, 103, 113, 126, 133, 187, 269
independent, 2, 3, 6, 11, 12, 16–18, 21, 91, 104, 133, 135, 240, 244n18, 257, 258, see also Validated Independent News
censorship of, 28–30, 65–67, 79n30, 223, 225–28, 232–35, 237, 238, 241
coverage of LGBTQ issues, 9, 186, 189, 192–97, 205–207, 210, 212, 215nn28, 30
coverage of Top 25 News Stories, 26, 28–30, 32, 33, 37, 44, 60, 74
press freedom, xii, 4, 5, 18, 23–25, see also Constitution (US), First Amendment; free speech; surveillance, of journalists
sensationalist, 7, 85, 93, 94, 96–98, 186, 208, 209, 215
social, see social media
standing, 187, 190–96, 215n31, 216n42
trust in, 15, 16, 21, 223, 228, 229, 236, 238–40, 257, 258, 260
Media Democracy in Action, 7, 8, 133–58
Media Manipulation Initiative (MMI), 143, 145
Media Matters for America, 228
Mellon Initiative for Undergraduate Research in the Arts and Humanities, 153
Merck (pharmaceutical company), 46
Metahistory, 114
Michaels, Samantha, 71
Michigan, 116
Microsoft Edge (mobile internet browser), 236
Mighty Earth (environmental organization), 54, 55
Migos (music group), 89
migrants, see immigration
military, 4, 8, 9, 27, 28, 47–50, 106–108, 133, 142, 155, 173, 177, 179
treatment of LGBTQ people, 188, 189, 191, 199–201, 204, 206, 208, 212, 215n32
millennials, 29, 74, 75, 114, 239, 241, 255
millimeter waves (MMW), 51, 52
Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply (Brazil), 32
Ministry of Popular Power for Education (Venezuela), 234
Ministry of Popular Power for Petroleum (Venezuela), 234
Ministry of Popular Power for Women (Venezuela), 234
Ministry of Strategic Affairs (Israel), 66
MintPress News, 29, 30, 48–50, 228, 237
Misoprostol (pharmaceutical drug), 90
Mississippi, 43
Moore, Roy, 205
Morell, Michael, 233
Morgan, Jonathon, 233
Morning Edition (radio show), 107
Morones, Enrique, 112
Mount Pleasant Baptist Church, 92, 94
Movement for Black Lives, 67
MSNBC (television network), 50, 105
Mueller, Robert, 223
Mueller Report, 25
Murdoch, Rupert, 123
Nadler, Anthony, 8, 134, 143–46
Naked Capitalism (media blog), 226
National Advocates for Pregnant Women, 44
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) (US), 139–42
National Center for Transgender Equality, 191, 197, 198
National Center for Youth Law, 199
National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs, 186
National Crime Victimization Survey (US), 186
National Democratic Institute (NDI) (US), 26, 28, 29, 230
National Endowment for Democracy (NED) (US), 28, 29, 230, 247n72
National Former Prisoner Survey (US), 61
National Institutes of Health (US), 53
National Marine Fisheries Service (US), 59
National Security Agency (NSA) (US), 4, 141, 236, 237
National Security Council (US), 231, 232
national security letters (NSLs) (US), 24, 25, 78n20
Nature Communications (journal), 68
Nazism, 48–50, see also fascism; white supremacists
Nebraska, 53
neoliberalism, 6, 115, 119, 120, 232, 242
Nevada, 39
Neverland Ranch, 97
New Humanitarian (media website), 63
New Jersey, 53
New Knowledge (“information integrity” organization), xii, 233
New Scientist (journal), 67
New York Times, xii, 4, 27, 32, 34, 36, 39, 42, 44, 68, 75, 77, 96, 98, 105, 107, 109, 113, 115, 119, 121–25, 131n56, 134, 137, 188, 189, 192, 199–202, 204, 208, 209, 211, 212, 214n19, 215nn21, 29, 30, 217n53, 225, 226, 229, 238
News Corp, 123
NewsGuard (“information integrity” organization), 235–37, 250nn134, 138, 251n151
NewsHour (television show), 195
Newstead, Jennifer, 231
Newsweek (magazine), 61
Niger, 64
Nightline (television show), 195
Nimmo, Dan, 153
No Longer Newsworthy, 135
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 26, 222, 227, 230, 232
North Central College, 26, 37, 43
“Northern Triangle” (Central America), 104, 109, 110, 112, 114
Norway, 222
Notre-Dame Cathedral, 7, 86, 92–94
NPR (National Public Radio), 72, 105, 107, 115, 117, 226, 238, 259
Nuland, Victoria, 230
Obama, Barack, 9, 24, 47, 185, 197, 202, 203, 231, 236
Obergefell v. Hodges, 189, 205
Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria, 116–20
Ochoa, Gilda L., v
Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) (US), 42
Offset (musician), 89
Ohio, 147
oil and gas industry, 3, 8, 16, 27, 32–34, 55–58, 60, 61, 95, 96, 135, 141, 146–48
Oil Change International, 33, 34
Oneschuk, Andrew, 50
Ontario, Canada, 222
Operation Earnest Voice (US military campaign), 155
Orange County Register, 63
Oregon, 151
Orient XXI (media website), 65
Orlando, Florida, 185
Orwell, George, xi, 10, 176, 182n21, 229
Oxfam International, 64
Oxford English Dictionary, 109
Pacific Standard, 61
Pakistan, 8, 173, 174, 176, 178, 179
Paltrow, Lynn, 43
Paris climate agreement, 32
Parliament Square, London, 87
Parvez, Khurram, 176
Pasadena Star-News, 63
Patrick, Dan, 202
PayPal, 76
PBS (television network), 195
Pentagon (US), 46–48, 50, 107, 202
The Pentagon Papers, 6
People (magazine), 87
Perkins, Tony, 9, 192, 203–205, 211
pharmaceutical industry, 45, 46
Phillips, Peter, 23–32, 53–55, 104
Pilger, John, 235
Planned Parenthood, 44
Plautz, Jason, 52
Podemos (political party, Spain), 234
police, see law enforcement
Police the Police (police accountability organization), 234
Popular Science (journal), 59
Porter, Christopher, 233, 249n114
Postman, Neil, 161
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), 177
Powell, Andrea, 40
powell, john a., 265
Poynter Institute, 238
Press Colony, Srinagar, Kashmir, 180
Press TV (television network), 234
Prigozhin, Yevgeny V., 225
Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, 7, 86, 87
prison, 3, 4, 17, 42, 57, 106, 111, 203, 242
Prison Policy Initiative, 61–63
Project Censored, xii, xiii, 6, 7, 11, 12, 16, 18, 21, 22, 48, 77n7, 78nn15–17, 81n68, 85, 86, 104, 133, 134, 157n16
Project for a New American Century, 232
Project Gigaton (Walmart initiative), 54
Project Owl (Google initiative), 228
propaganda, xii, 7, 10, 11, 15, 65–67, 78n12, 86, 125, 133, 227, 230, 236, 237
recognizing, 8, 135, 152–55, 258, 261
social media, 26–30, 224, 226, 231
Propaganda Critic, 8, 133, 135, 152–55
PropOrNot, xii, 28, 79n27, 226–28, 235
protest, 3, 5, 28, 46, 47, 55–58, 66, 87, 88, 91, 108, 117, 118, 148, 199
Yellow Vest, 7, 95, 96, 240, 242
public health, 43–46, 146, 161–63, 265
and wireless technology, 51–53, 261
maternal health, 43, 44, 88–91, 261
mental health, 38–40, 51, 64, 72, 90, 165, 177, 255, 256, 259, 270
public records destruction, 134, 139–42
Puerto Rico, 68
Putin, Vladimir, 222, 224, 225
Qalamabad Handwara Camp, 174
Quartz (media website), 61
Queens, NY, 119
racism, 2, 28, 61–63, 69, 70, 73, 93, 94, 96, 197, 206–209, 215n31, 241, 242, see also fascism; hate crimes; white supremacists
against women of color, 7, 38, 40, 44, 89–91
Rahman, Susan, 7, 41–43, 45, 46, 55–58, 69–72, 85–102
Ramirez, Deborah, 124
Ramos, Jorge, 239
RAND Corporation, 191, 192, 202, 217n54
Reagan, Ronald, 230
Real Food Challenge (food activism organization), 73
Rebuilding Power in Open-Shop America, 151
Reddit, 222
Reed, Dan, 97
Reef Ecologic (conservation organization), 67, 68
refugees, 42, 109–114, see also immigration
Regarding the Pain of Others, 160
Reifkind, Julia, 65
religious freedom, 44, 185, 186, 192, 201, 203, 204, 206, 209, 212
Religious Liberty Task Force (US), 186, 209, 212
Report for America (RFA), 238, 251n157, 252n160
Reporters Sans Frontières, 173
reproductive rights, 1, 43, 44, 89–91, 126
Republican National Convention (US), 185
Republican Party (US), 106, 111, 114, 122, 125, 126, 133, 185, 212
Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, 257
Ridge, Tom, 236
Rihanna (musician), 39
Rise Above Movement (RAM), 48, 49
Rising Kashmir (newspaper), 180
Rivera-Perez, Vinca, 69–71, 85–102
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 259
Rocky Mountains, 59
Rogers Adoption Curve, 263
Rolling Stone, 37
Rosenberger, Laura, 232, 249n104
Rosenfeld, Alexis, 68
Rosenthal, A.M. “Abe,” 188, 214n19
Ross, Betsy, 96
Roy, Megan, 138
Royal Dutch Shell, 27
RT (formerly Russia Today), 24, 30, 226, 234, 237
Rushkoff, Douglas, 264
Russell, Cindy, 51
Russia, 1, 25, 28–30, 49, 79n30, 94, 134, 136, 144, 186, 213, 221–27, 229, 232, 233, 237, 242, 245n40
“Russiagate,” 9, 222, 223, 227, 244n14, 245n40
Rutgers University, 115
Ryzdak, Jan, 180
“Safe Harbor” law (New York State), 40
Sahara Desert, 109
San Diego, CA, 93
San Francisco State University, 50
Sanders, Sarah Huckabee, 116
Sanders, Topher, 43
Sandinista National Liberation Front, 29
Sanofi (pharmaceutical company), 45
schools, 6, 72–74, 120, 124, 136, 149, 151, 175, 192, see also education
engagement journalism in, 264, 266–69
Schüll, Natasha Dow, 168
Science (journal), 54
Scott, Ben, 143
Scowcroft, Brent, 230
Screenwise Meter (Google mobile app and web extension), 76
Seattle, WA, 150
Secrets of a Successful Organizer, 150
Self (online magazine), 89
Senate (US), 106, 108, 114, 121, 122, 125, 126, 205, 224, 233
Senate Armed Services Committee (US), 108
Senate Intelligence Committee (US), 227
Senate Judiciary Committee (US), 123
sexism, 2, 120, 121, 185, 186, 189, 199, 200, 203–205, see also transgender issues
sexual harassment and assault, 3, 17, 117, 176, see also #MeToo movement; sex trafficking
and Brett Kavanaugh confirmation hearings, 120–26
and criminalization of victims, 6, 36–40
of children, 3, 37, 39–43, 97–99
Shadowproof, 29
Sheikh, Nazir Ahmad, 174
Shopping Our Way to Safety, 167
Sigrist, Jonathan, 28
Silicon Valley, CA, 8, 134, 143
Singh, Hari, 178
Singh, Multani Veer, 174
Skripal, Sergei and Yulia, 222
Slate (media website), 28, 78n26
slavery, 35–38, see also forced labor; sex trafficking
Slick, Grace Wing, 85
Smart Cities Dive (media website), 52
Smith, Ashley, 107
Smith, Shepard, 239
Smithsonian (journal), 68
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 54
Smollett, Jussie, 186, 208, 209
“Soapbox” (video channel), 29, 235
social media, 2, 8, 12, 92, 93, 117, 159, 166, 168–70, 179, see also Facebook; Instagram; internet; Twitter; YouTube
censorship, 9, 25–30, 152, 154, 225, 226, 229, 231, 258
Russian disinformation on, 134, 143–45, 223, 224, 229
Social Security (US), 77
Society of Professional Journalists, 8, 133, 134, 136, 138
Sodexo (food service company), 73
Solomon, Norman, 105
Sonoma State University, 23, 26, 31, 41, 53, 61, 67, 71
Sontag, Susan, 160
the South (US), 265
South America, 111
South Korea, 256
Southern Baptist Convention, 192
Southern California News Group, 63
Southern Poverty Law Center, 192, 211
Soviet Union, 221
Sparks, J. Ray, 30
Sparta (LGBT military organization), 200
Spotify, 235
Spotlight (movie), 98
Sputnik (media website and radio service), 226
“The Squad” (US congresswomen Ocasio-Cortez, Omar, Pressley, and Tlaib), 7, 104, 114, 116–19
Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 176–78, 180
St. George’s Chapel, 87
St. Mary Baptist Church, 92, 94
St. Petersburg, Russia, 223
Stacy, Nancy, 202
Stahl, Lesley, 230
“stand-your-ground” laws, 38, 40
Standing Rock Sioux Reservation, 57, 148
Statue of Liberty, 42, 90, 227
Steel, Anim, 73
Stein, Jill, 242
Stein, Yael, 52
Stengel, Richard, 236
Stockman, Lorne, 33
Stockton Unified School District, 69–71
Stonewall riots (1969), 188
Straight News (book), 188, 210
Subway (fast food company), 54
The Sun (newspaper), 87
Sundance Film Festival, 97
Superfund (US federal program), 139
Superior Court of California, County of Sacramento, 69
Supreme Court (US), 7, 43, 44, 90, 104, 120, 122, 123, 125, 126, 151, 185, 189, 192, 198, 205
Supreme Court of Alabama, 205
Surface, Bethany, 3, 10, 19, 255–73
surveillance, 18, 65–67, 241, 242
Department of Defense (US), 3, 4, 46–48, 237
of journalists, 6, 23–25, 78n22
Survived and Punished (nonprofit organization), 37, 38
Sweden, 74
Szasz, Andrew, 167
Target (retail goods corporation), 54
Tea Party (US), 204
Teamsters (labor union), 149
technology industry, 8, 18, 26–30, 46–48, 76, 77, 134, 143–45, 229, 239, 240, see also Apple; Facebook; Google; internet; Microsoft; social media; Twitter
Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology, 161
Tela, Honduras, 110
telecommunications industry, 50–53, 180, 242, 261, see also internet; technology industry
Ten Arguments for Deleting Your Social Media Accounts Right Now, 169
terrorism, 46, 48, 56, 111, 112, 155, 176, 221, 222, 227, 231, 236, 256
ThinkProgress, 231
Thomas, Clarence, 123
Through the Looking-Glass, 1–4, 6, 10–12, 13n8, 85, 86, 89, 111
Tibon, Amir, 67
Timberg, Craig, 226
Time’s Up movement, 99
Titanic (ship), 169
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (US), 62, 186
Title X (US federal program), 44
Tlaib, Rashida, 116, 117, 119, 120
Tokyo, Japan, 46
“Torture: Indian State’s Instrument of Control . . .,” 174
Trader Joe’s (supermarket company), 54
transgender issues, 185, 216n37, see also LGBTQ issues
“bathroom bills,” 9, 197, 198, 202, 206, 208, 212
civil rights, 186–88, 190, 191, 196–204, 210, 211, 213
education, 195, 197, 198, 202, 204
military ban, 9, 199–202, 206, 208, 212, 215n32, 217n53
representation in the media, 189, 194–96, 198, 208, 210
transphobia, 186, 201, 204, 205, 209–211
Transportation Security Administration (TSA) (US), 139
Trinity University, 153
A Troublemaker’s Handbook, 2, 150
Trout, Kelly, 33
True Detective (television show), 94
Truman, Harry S., 199
Trump, Donald, 4, 17, 25, 47, 48, 67, 73, 86, 92, 106, 114, 123, 222–24, 231
and the LGBTQ community, 9, 185, 186, 189, 191, 197–204, 208, 212, 213, 214n8, 216n32, 217n53, 218nn71, 74
and the media, 5, 11, 24, 103, 105
antipathy towards women, 44, 90, 91, 115–18, 126
environmental policy, 33, 34, 58–60
Truthdig, 226
Tubbs Fire (2017), 163
Tulkoff, Lindsey, 138
Turkey, 28
TV Meter (Google television and internet monitor), 76
Twitter (social media company), 1, 2, 47, 95, 125, 152, 179, 215n32, 217n53, 224, 227, 229, 230, 233–35, 238, 250n122
Tyson Foods, 54
Uber (transportation company), 75
undocumented persons, 36, 42, 91, see also immigration
unemployment, 61–63, 75, see also labor
United Arab Emirates (UAE), 66, 67
United Caucuses of Rank-and-File Educators, 151
United Kingdom (UK), 5, 79n30, 86–88, 97, 99, 109, 178, 222, 227, 230, 232, 256
United Nations (UN), 34, 37, 39, 173, 178, 180
Biodiversity Conference, 31
Development Programme, 64
Human Rights Council, 177
International Labour Organization, 35
Office on Drugs and Crime, 39
United States farm bill (2018), 73
United States foreign policy, 25–30, 46, 49, 66, 67, 119, 155, 227, 232, 234
United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA), 209, 210, 212
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 194, 195, 216n37
University of California, Santa Barbara, 232
University of California, Santa Cruz, 68
University of Cantabria, 68
University of Massachusetts, 61
University of Massachusetts Amherst, 63
University of Ottawa, 49
University of Vermont, 35, 46, 74
University of Waterloo, 54
University of Westminster, 180
Univision (television network), 238, 239
UPS (United Parcel Service), 149
U.S. News & World Report, 117
US Newsstream (database), 189, 209
USA Today, 43, 59, 63, 68, 75, 105, 109, 115, 117
Utne Reader, 258
Validated Independent News (VIN), 21, 78n16
Vancouver, Canada, 234
Vatican City, 97
Venezuelan Consulate (Vancouver, Canada), 234, 250n122
Vermont, 222
Veterans for Peace (anti-war organization), 108
Victoria, Texas, 93
ViVe Televisión, 234
Voice of America (radio network), 237
Wall Street, NY, 147
Wall Street Journal, 105, 107, 115, 120–26, 189, 192, 200, 201, 203, 209, 211, 212, 215n30, 217n53, 226, 229, 238
war, xii, 4, 6, 28, 106–108, 110, 173, 231, 232, 234, 240–42, 255, 256, see also military; weapons
World War II, 188
Ward, David, 112
Warren, Elizabeth, 235
Washburn, David, 79
Washington, DC, 27, 40, 65, 108, 114, 118
Washington Office on Latin America, 110
Washington Post, 4, 28, 53, 55, 59–61, 64, 79n27, 105, 108, 109, 117, 131nn56, 57, 134, 137, 189, 192, 197, 198, 209, 211, 212, 215nn29, 30, 217n53, 226, 227, 229, 238
Washington State, 151
“Waste-Ed” (video channel), 29, 235
Watts, John T., 230
WBUR (radio station), 117
weapons, 4, 38, 49, 144, 173, 230, 233, see also military; militias; war
Weave News, 104
West Bank, Palestine, 67
WhatsApp, 234
Whitaker, Matthew, 90
White, Hayden, 114
White House (US), 92, 116, 201, 214n8, 231, 232
white supremacists, 48–50, 92, 93, 120
Whole Foods (supermarket company), 54, 55
Wholesome Wave, 72
WikiLeaks, 4, 226, 228, 237, 251n151
Williams, Rob, 35–37, 46–48, 74, 75
Williams Institute, 194, 195, 216n37, 41
Wilson, Korsha, 72
Windows (operating system), 236
wireless technology, 50–53, 261, see also telecommunications industry
Wisconsin, 151
Wolff, Richard D., 96
women, 196, 234, see also inequality; #MeToo movement; reproductive rights; sexism; sexual harassment and assault; transgender issues
and the criminal justice system, 6, 36–40, 42–44, 62
gender identity, 194, 195, 210
health issues, 1, 43, 44, 88–91, 126, 261
race and ethnicity, 7, 37–40, 44, 62, 89–91, 109, 114, 116–19
violence against, 1, 3, 6, 17, 36–40, 117, 176, 124–26, 176
Women’s March (Washington, DC, 2017), 117
The World (New York newspaper), 78n12
World Health Organization (WHO), 45, 51
World Socialist Web Site, 228
Wu, Jay, 198
Wyoming, 57
Yale Program on Climate Change Communication, 259
Yang, Amber, 3, 10, 19, 255–73
Yellow Vest movement, 7, 95, 96, 240, 242
young people, 45, 73, 88, 124, 175, 193, 230, 269, see also education; schools
and the criminal justice system, 36–40, 69–72
and transgender issues, 9, 197, 199, 202–204, 206, 208, 212
health issues, 43, 89–91, 177, 178
millennials, 29, 74, 75, 114, 239, 241, 255
sexual abuse of, 38, 41–43, 97–99, 176