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Some subentries in this index are ordered chronologically instead of alphabetically, for ease of use. Ships of the Royal Navy are indexed with the prefix HMS.
A
Adams, Thomas 42, 44, 50, 54–55, 59, 69
Addington, Henry 356
African Association 342, 366, 372
Afzelius, Adam 355
Ahutoru (Tahitian man) 273, 274
Aiton, William 266, 307, 355
Aiton, William Jr 355
Alexander (ship) 324
Allen, John 378
Alströmer, Johan 288
American War of Independence 278–279, 282, 283, 286, 298, 301–302, 304, 313
Anchele, Frederick 56
Anderson, Alexander 348
Anderson, Robert 117
Anson, George 81, 95, 119
Arabanoo (Indigenous man) 350–351
Asquith, John 242
Athlone, Lady 371
Atlantic (ship) 354
Attenborough, David 2, 12
Aubert, Alexander 290, 312
Auckland, Lord (William Eden) 345
Augusta, Princess of Wales 33, 265–266
aurora australis 217
Austin, George 347, 348
Austral Islands 149
Australia. See also New South Wales: convict transportation and settlement.
Indigenous Australia. See Indigenous Australians, Europeans’ relations with and perceptions of.
name ‘Australia’ in use 380, 383
natural resources of, Banks’s and Cook’s assessment of 215–216
possession, claim of, by James Cook 214
terra nullius as basis for claim of 325
western portion unclaimed 392
B
Bacstrom, Sigismund 242
Baker, Joseph 356–357
Balmain, William 352
Banke, Simon 7
Banks, Dorothea (wife; née Hugessen) first meeting with Joseph Banks 289
wedding 291
honeymoon 299–300
personal interests and activities 303, 395
weight 289, 371
poetry for, from Joseph Banks 395–396
after Banks’s death 406
death 406
also mentioned 298, 364, 400, 401, 402
Banks, Eleanora Margaret (aunt) 21–22
Banks, Joseph
baronetcy 307
birth and childhood 12, 13–14
board, committee and council memberships 372–373. See also specific boards, committees and councils.
child fathered by, rumours of 267–268
death 404–405, 406–407
education
Harrow School 14, 15–17
Eton 18–20, 22–25, 26
Oxford University 27–30, 33, 40
honorary doctorate 235
George III, relationship with and roles appointed to by. See under George III.
HMS Endeavour voyage. See also main entry HMS Endeavour voyage.
aims 1–2
genesis 80–90
conditions on board 94–96, 223–224
Plymouth to Rio de Janeiro 93–110, 111–112, 113–116
Rio de Janeiro to Tahiti 117–124, 126–128
Tahiti 130–133, 130–148, 228
Tahiti to New Zealand 148–151
New Zealand 153–165, 166–176
New Zealand to Australia 175–178, 179–183
Botany Bay landing 1, 2, 3–4, 183–190, 293–295
Botany Bay to Endeavour River 191–196, 197–211
Endeavour River to Batavia 212–218, 219–222
Batavia to Deal (Great Britain) 223–226
immediate aftermath 226–229
twenty-first century perceptions of 407–408
HMS Niger voyage (Newfoundland, Labrador and more) 44–53, 54–59, 62–64
HMS Resolution voyage (‘South Seas’), planning of 240–250, 251–252, 279, 400. See also main entry HMS Resolution: first voyage.
HMS Sir Lawrence voyage (Hebrides, Iceland and more) 252–262
legacy
botanical and zoological 226–227, 235–237, 322–324
general 403–405, 406–408
places and plants named after 191, 307, 345, 376, 402, 404
New South Wales, involvement in colonisation of 215–216, 293–296, 313–317, 347, 391–392. See also main entry New South Wales, transportation to and settlement of. portraits of 20–21, 42, 244–245, 404
Royal Botanic Gardens involvement. See Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew.
Royal Society involvement. See Royal Society.
Solander, Daniel, friendship with 38–39, 308–309. See also main entry Solander, Daniel.
tours on land
Brazil 115–116
Britain 68, 74–75, 75–76
Eagle Island 212
Endeavour River (Cooktown) 1770 203–211
Hebrides 255–256
Holland 262–263
Iceland 257–260
Lizard Island 212
Madeira 104–106
Orkney Islands 261
Saint Helena 225–226
Tierra del Fuego 121–124, 308
Wales 74–75, 264
West Papua 216
wealth and income
income 242, 243, 395, 403
inherited wealth 1, 5–10, 11, 13–14, 30, 33, 102, 354
weight 289, 307, 371
womanising, sex, and relationships with women
Banks, Dorothea (wife). See main entry.
Blosset, Harriet. See main entry.
‘Miss B__n’ 264, 267–269
‘Miss or Mrs Burnett’ (woman dressed as man) 250, 288
satirical accounts 269, 271, 362
Tahitian women 137–138, 140–141, 142, 144–145, 145
Wells, Sarah (‘Sally’) 288
also mentioned 3, 30, 36, 64, 225, 287
wool industry activites. See main entry wool industry.
Banks, Joseph I (great-grandfather) 7, 8–9
Banks, Joseph Jr (grandfather) 9–10, 10–11
Banks, Peggy (aunt) 21–22
Banks, Robert (great-great-grandfather) 7
Banks, Sarah (née Bate; mother) 7
wedding 5, 7, 11
family life 11–14
appearance 33, 371
death 387
also mentioned 26, 31, 227, 269
Banks, Sarah Sophia (sister)
birth 13
early life 31
appearance 303, 227, 371
interests and activities 301, 303, 402
religiosity 55, 266–267
correspondence and relationship with Joseph Banks 55, 303
death 402
also mentioned 50, 273, 274, 299, 400, 401, 402
Banks, William ‘Billy’ (father) 5, 7, 11, 13–14, 16, 23, 26, 30
Baré, Jeanne 100
Barnard, Edward 22
baronetcy, Banks 307
Barrett, Thomas 334
Barrington, Daines 35, 66, 230, 262
Bass, George 367, 369, 376–378
Batavia (Jakarta) 219, 220, 221, 222
Bate, Sarah (mother). See Banks, Sarah.
Bate, William (maternal grandfather) 7
Batts, Elizabeth. See Cook, Elizabeth.
Baudin, Nicolas 371, 380, 381
Bauer, Ferdinand 378, 382–383, 406
Bayly, William 242
Beaglehole, J.C. 243
Beauchamp, Lord (William Lygon) 228, 315, 316
Bennelong (Indigenous man)
Sydney 351, 352, 353
England 354, 355–356
return from England to Australia 356, 367
Bentinck, John 262
Bentinck, Willem (father of John) 263
Bentinck, William (son of John) 262
Beothuk people 52–53
Betsy (ship) 333
Bevis, John 59
Billings, Joseph 342
binomial nomenclature 32
Bird, John 82, 109, 334, 428, 434
Biscoe, Elisha 300
Blagden, Charles 39, 264, 272, 308, 311
Blaxland, Gregory 399
Blaxland, John 393
Bligh, Betsy 339, 391
Bligh, William
death of James Cook, witnessing of 297
governorship of New South Wales 389–391, 392–394, 394
HMS Bounty voyage 327, 328–329, 336–337, 338–341, 344–345
HMS Providence voyage (second breadfruit expedition) 345
HMS Resolution voyage 282
also mentioned 138, 388
Blosset, Bella 90, 231
Blosset, Dorothy 90
Blosset, Harriet (Julia Henrietta) 65, 77–78, 229–231, 250
absence of from Banks’s Endeavour journal 225
evening of Joseph Banks’s Endeavour voyage 90–92
also mentioned 79, 90, 227, 233, 267, 271, 289
Blosset, John 78
Blosset, Salomon de 77
Blosset, Solomon Stephen 77
Blumenbach, Johann 327–328, 348, 353, 354
Board of Agriculture 299, 373
Board of Longitude 299, 372
boomerangs 183
Boorong (Indigenous girl) 352
Borrowdale (ship) 324
Boston Tea Party 278
Boswell, James 39, 237, 239, 261, 271
Botany Bay
First Fleet’s arrival 330
HMS Endeavour’s landing 1, 2, 3–4, 183–190, 293–295
naming of 190
Bougainville, Louis 100, 143, 241, 273, 305, 383
Boulton, Matthew 37, 395
Bourgham, Henry Jr 22
Bowie, James 399
Brabourne, 1st Baron (Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen) 406–407
Bradley, William 351
breadfruit (crop) 326, 345. See also HMS Bounty.
Briscoe, Peter 86, 220, 226, 235, 242
British Museum 37, 299, 372, 403, 406, 407
Brougham, Henry 22, 36–37
Brougham, Henry Jr 24–25
Broussonet, Pierre 287, 314–315, 321, 330, 344, 364, 364–365
Browne, Zachary 97
Brown, Robert 378–379, 380, 382–383, 394, 397, 400, 406
Brown, William 328, 338, 341
Brugmans, Sebald Justinus 354
Buchan, Alexander 86, 107, 117, 120, 121, 124, 135, 136
Buckingham Palace 37
Bunbury, Charles 291–294
Bungaree (Indigenous man) 377, 380
Burghley House 5–6
Burgiss, Thomas 286–287
Burke, Edmund 315
Burkitt, Thomas 339
Burnett, James. See Monboddo, Lord.
Burnett, ‘Miss or Mrs’ (woman dressed as man) 250, 288
Burney, Fanny 234, 276
Burney, James 276, 282
Bute, Earl of (John Stuart) 265
Byng, John 300–301
Byron, John 66, 110
C
Cabot, John 43
Calcutta botanic garden 321, 323, 324
calendars, Gregorian and Julian 67
Caley, George 374, 376, 382, 394–395, 397
Campbell, Duncan 292, 327
Campbell, John 82, 83, 174
Camper, Petrus 328
cannabis, medicinal 381–382
canned food technology 401
cannibalism 172, 173, 178, 281, 321
caoutchouc 63
Carlos III, King of Spain 321
Cartier, Jacques 49
Cartwright, George 58
Cartwright, John 58
Cavendish, Henry 40, 66, 308
Cecil, William 6
Celsius, Anders 12
Chambers, Thomas 7
Chappelle, Ann 379
Charlotte (queen consort) 398
Charlotte (ship) 324
Charlton, John 97
Chelsea Physic Garden 31, 43, 235, 260, 266
Christian, Fletcher 337, 339, 341
Churchill, Charles 339
Clerke, Charles 97, 141, 246, 248, 250, 280, 281
HMS Discovery voyage 282, 297, 305–307
Clerke, John 282
Cleveley, John 241, 242, 258–260, 286–287
Clifford, George 71
cochineal dye 322
Cockburn, George 83
Coin Committee 373
Coke, Mary 230
Colebee (Indigenous man) 351
Colebrooke, Josiah 79
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 381–382
Collingwood Wallis, Catherine 11
Collins, David 320, 325, 384
Collinson, Peter 31, 38, 39, 265
Colman, George 277, 278
Colman, George Jr 277, 277–278
Commerson, Philibert 100
convict transportation and settlement.
See New South Wales, transportation to and settlement of.
Cook, Elizabeth 62, 76, 87, 99, 228, 305
Cook, James
appearance 18, 94
death 296–297, 304, 306
early life 17–18, 102
early naval career 59–60
family life 62, 76, 87, 99, 102, 103, 228
HMS Endeavour voyage. See also main entry HMS Endeavour voyage.
genesis 80–90
conditions on board 94–96
Plymouth to Rio de Janeiro 93–110, 112–114, 115, 117
Rio de Janeiro to Tahiti 117–118, 120–121, 124–128
Tahiti 129–132, 134–137, 141–148
Tahiti to New Zealand 148–151
New Zealand 152–165, 166–176
New Zealand to Australia 175–178, 179–183
Botany Bay landing 2, 3–4, 183–190, 293, 407
Botany Bay to Endeavour River 191–196, 197–203, 204–205, 210, 211
Endeavour River to Batavia 212–218
Batavia 219, 221, 222
Batavia to Deal (Great Britain) 226
immediate aftermath 228–229
HM Brig Grenville voyage
(Newfoundland and Labrador) 59, 62, 76
HMS Antelope voyage (Canada) 62
HMS Resolution voyages. See also main entry HMS Resolution.
‘South Seas’ 239–240, 241, 245–246, 248, 249, 250, 252, 254, 263, 272, 279–282.
North West Passage and Hawaii 282–283, 296–297, 306, 357
Royal Society Cook Medal 305
Royal Society involvement 281, 283
also mentioned 277, 373
Cook, James Jr (son of Captain James Cook) 62
Cook, Joseph 99, 103, 228
Cookworthy, William 46
Cooman (Indigenous man) 407
Corneille, Daniel 323
Corn Law (1815) 400
cotton (crop) 31, 322–323
Cox, James 16
Cranmer, Thomas 28
Crosley, John 378
Cullum, John 276, 290–291
Cunningham, Allan 399–400
Cuvier, Georges 385
D
Dalrymple, Alexander 77, 80, 82, 240, 247, 371
Dampier, William 177
Dance-Holland, Nathaniel 277
Daniel, Daniel 25
Darly, Mary 269
Darly, Matthew 269
Dashwood, Francis 35
Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie 321, 330, 331
Davis, Samuel 334
Davy, Humphry 379
De Lauraguais, Comte [Louis-Léon-Félicité de Brancas] 234
de Surville, Jean-François-Marie 170, 177
Decaen, Charles 381
Dilettante Society 372
Dimsdale, Thomas 274
Dixon, Jeremiah 67, 77
Dootahah (Tahitian chief) 137, 138, 148
Dorlton, George 87, 122–123
Douvez, Antoine 254, 257–258, 258
Dryander, Jonas 266, 287, 309, 397
du Fresne, Marc-Joseph Marion 168
Dublin (ship) 337
Dundas, Henry 362
Dunster, Thomas 106
E
East, Hinton 326
Eden, Morton 331–332
Eden, William (Lord Auckland). See Auckland, Lord
Edgcumbe, John 127, 159
Egmont, Second Earl of (John Perceval) 171
Ehret, George 71
Einarrson, Helfden 260–261
Elliott, John 246, 247
Ellis, John 38, 88, 89–90
Ellis, Will 307
Endeavour, see HMS Endeavour voyage.
Engineers’ Society 372
enlightenment, age of 6–7, 12
equator, crossing the 109
Etches, Richard 357
Eton school 18–20, 22–25
F
Fabricius, Johan Christian 268
Falconer, Thomas 76, 243, 263
Falkland Islands 118–119, 225
Farington, Joseph 398
Faujas, Barthélemy 312–313, 364
Fawkener, William 386
Fielding, John 34
Filmer, Francis 289
Fingal’s Cave (Staffa) 256
First Fleet 318–321, 324–325, 329–330, 333–334, 345–347
Firth, Michael 333
Fishburn (ship) 324
Fishburn, Thomas 81, 241
flax (plant and fibre) 31, 160, 319, 344
Flinders, Matthew 370–371
Australia, circumnavigation of 370, 378–379, 380–381
New South Wales, exploration of 376–377
Mauritius, arrest in 381, 383
death 383
also mentioned 367, 369
Flinders, Samuel 378
Florilegium (engravings) 285–286, 308–309, 407
Flower, Peter 97, 117
Fordyce, George 272
Forster, Georg 249, 279
Forster, Johann Reinhold 231, 249, 279, 281
Fothergill, John 150, 233, 235
Fox, Charles 313
Franklin, Benjamin 31, 40, 228, 282, 289, 305–306, 313, 373
Freer, Adam 46
French Revolution 310, 331, 364
Friendship (ship) 324
Fryer, John 338
fur trade 357
Furneaux, Tobias 241, 272–273
G
Gale, Roger 10
Géographe (ship) 380
George III (king)
accession 27
Bennelong and Yemmerrawanne, rumoured meeting with 356
Buckingham Palace, purchase of 37
Mai (Polynesian man), visit by 274
mental illness 396, 398
merino sheep purchases and sales 321–322, 330–333, 385, 388
relationship with Banks
Banks as Royal Society president 291. See also Royal Society.
Banks as King’s botanical adviser 265–266
knighthood presentation 307
Red Ribbon of the Order of Bath presentation 362
also mentioned 58, 228, 320, 311–312
Gibbon, Edward 28
Gibson, Samuel 147
Gilbert, Humphrey 43
Gilbert, Joseph 58
Gillray, James 303, 362
Golden Grove (ship) 324
Good, Peter 378, 382
Gordon, Robert 337, 338, 348
Gordon, William 292
Gore, John
HMS Endeavour voyage 97, 115, 130, 141, 167, 178, 189, 190, 205, 208
HMS Resolution voyage 282
HMS Sir Lawrence voyage 253
Grant, Alexander 238
grapes (crop) 31
Green, Charles
HMS Endeavour voyage 80, 88, 121, 136, 138, 141, 142, 155, 156, 167, 202
island named after 198
death 224
Greenslade, William 127
Gregorian calendar 67
Grenville, Henry 21
Grenville, William 22, 358
Greville, Charles 262–263, 288
Greville, Robert Fulke 322
Griffith, Moses 34
Grimshaw, William 97
Grose, Francis 354, 367
H
Hacking, Henry 346, 384
Hackmam, James 36
Haite, Francis 97, 224
Halley, Edmond 67
Hamilton, William 252
Hancock, Mary 7–8
Handel, George Frideric 12
Harrow School 14, 15–17
Hartog, Dirk 177
Hawaii 297, 306, 356–357
Hawke, Edward 82, 87, 161, 191
Hawkesbury, Lord (Charles Jenkinson) 326, 328, 343
Hawkesworth, John 234, 269, 281
Hawley, Henry 362, 406
Haxton, John 367
Hayes, Adam 81
Heberden, Thomas 104
Heberden, William 308
Hebrides 255–256, 262
Heide, Claus 253
Hekla volcano 257, 258–260
Hellfire Club 35, 36, 84, 287
Hellstedt, Charles 302
hemp (crop) 31, 319, 381
Herschel, Caroline 311, 312
Herschel, William 307, 311–312
Hervey, Augustus John 193
Hickes, Zachary 97
HMS Endeavour voyage 112, 141, 147, 168, 169, 189, 226
spelling of name 179
place named after 179
death 226
HM Brig Supply 324, 325, 330, 368
HMS Adventure 241, 242, 249–250, 272–273
HMS Bounty 326–327, 328–329, 336–337, 338–341, 344–345
HMS Brunswick 345
HMS Buckingham 320
HMS Carcass 263–264
HMS Chatham 358
HMS Cumberland 381
HMS Daedalus 359
HMS Discovery (under Charles Clerke on North West Passage voyage) 282, 305, 328
HMS Discovery (different ship under George Vancouver on north-west American coast voyage) 358
HMS Dolphin 66, 85, 97, 98, 110, 128, 130, 137, 144, 145, 170, 241, 272
HMS Drake 241
HMS Eagle 60–61
HMS Endeavour voyage
genesis 80–90
conditions on board 94–96
shipboard routines 102
ship’s performance and repairs 119, 200–201
Plymouth to Rio de Janeiro 93–110, 111–117
Rio de Janeiro to Tahiti 117–121, 124–128
Tahiti 129, 145–146, 272
Tahiti to New Zealand 148–151
New Zealand 152–165, 166–176
New Zealand to Australia 175–178, 179–183
Botany Bay landing 183–190, 293–295
Botany Bay to Endeavour River 191–196, 197–211
Endeavour River to Batavia 212–218, 219–223
damage to ship near Cape Tribulation 198–201
Batavia to Deal (Great Britain) 223–238
circumnavigation of the globe 225
immediate aftermath 226–229
official account, publication of 234
botanical and zoological legacy 235–237
twenty-first century perceptions of 407–408
HMS Europa 320
HMS Gorgon 358
HMS Guardian 347, 348
HMS Investigator 370, 378–379, 380–38, 382, 383
HMS Nautilus 316
HMS Pandora 344
HMS Pembroke 61
HMS Porpoise 376, 381, 392, 394
HMS Portland 225
HMS Racehorse 263–264
HMS Raleigh 241
HMS Reliance 367, 368, 378
HMS Resolution
first voyage (‘South Seas’) 240–243, 245–250, 252, 252–253, 279
aftermath 279–282, 400
second voyage (North West Passage) 282–283, 296–297, 305–307, 357
HMS Sirius 320, 325, 333, 346–347
HMS Speedy 374
HMS Swallow 225
Hobart, Lord (Robert Hobart) 379, 384
Hodgkinson, Anne 9
Hodgkinson, Bridget Banks 68, 70, 289
Hodgkinson, Robert Banks 11, 30, 68–69, 70, 354
Hodgkinson, William 9, 11
Hogarth, William 35
Holbrooke, Robert 242
Holroyd, Maria 362
Home, Everard 22, 24, 243, 397, 398, 402
Hooke, Robert 10
Hooker, William 396, 398–399
Hope, John 35, 46, 343
Hopetoun, Earl of 261
Horsley, Samuel 310–311
Houghton, Daniel 342–343
Hove, Anton 316, 323
Howe, Richard (Lord Howe) 180, 316, 319–320
Howson, William 97, 222
Huahine 148
Hudson, William 75
Hugessen, Dorothea (later Banks). See Banks, Dorothea.
Hugessen, Mary 289, 299, 300, 303
Hugessen, William Weston 289
Huggan, Thomas 328
Hulme, Nathaniel 106
Hume, David 287
Hunter, James 253
Hunter, John 308, 320, 328, 346–347, 367, 373, 377, 386
Huntsman, Benjamin 12
Hutton, Charles 309–310
Hyena (ship) 325
I
Iceland 251, 252–3, 257–260, 262, 396
Indigenous Australians, Europeans’ relations with and perceptions of
Brown, Robert 380
First Fleet 333–334, 335, 346
Flinders, Matthew 380–381
HMS Endeavour crew 215
Botany Bay 1, 2, 3–4, 183–190, 191, 294
Botany Bay to Endeavour River 192, 195
Cape York 214
Endeavour River (Cooktown) 202, 206–211
south-east Australian coast 180, 182, 182–183, 182–183
Macarthur, John, and other landholders 375
Monboddo, Lord (James Burnett) 261
terra nullius as policy basis of 325
under Governor Arthur Phillip 325, 350–351, 352–353
under Governor Philip Gidley King 384
under Lieuteant Governor William Paterson 384, 385
Institut National des Sciences et des Artes 373
Irving, Charles 263–264
Irwin, John 293
J
Jakarta. See Batavia.
Janszoon, Willem 177
Jefferson, Thomas 342
Jenkinson, Charles. See Hawkesbury, Lord.
Jenkinson, Robert 393
Jenner, Edward 287
Johnson, Samuel 237–238, 276
Johnston, George 390, 393
Judge, William 117
Julian calendar 67
K
Kalani’o-pu’u (Hawaiian chief) 297
kangaroos 203–204, 205–206, 208, 209, 211, 234, 238, 331, 345–346, 353, 356
Kaye, Richard 46, 84
Kelly, Rodney 407
Kenrick, William 234
Kent, William 368, 369
Keppel, Augustus 195
Kerr, William 396
Kew gardens. See Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew.
King, James 58, 306
King, Philip Gidley 320, 373–374, 384, 385, 388, 390, 394, 407
Kippis, Andrew 311
Knatchbull, Edward 303, 406
Knatchbull-Hugessen, Edward 406
knighthood awarded to Banks 307
König, Johann 252, 323–324
Kyd, Robert 323, 324
L
La Pérouse, Comte de (Jean-François de Galaup) 330, 333
Labrador 51–53
Inuit people’s visit to London from 262, 274
Moravian Brethren missionary expedition to 42
Lacocke, Henry 385
Lady Barlow (ship) 391
Lady Penrhyn (ship) 324
Lalande, Jerome 142
Lane, Michael 82
Lange, Johan Christopher 217
Latimer, Hugh 28
Latrobe, Charles 33
Latrobe, Christian Ignatius 33
Lavoisier, Antoine 364
Lawson, William 399
Ledyard, John 341–342, 357
Lee, Ann 72
Lee, James 55, 72, 77, 79, 91, 230, 232, 233, 235, 282
Lennox, Sarah 291
Lightfoot, John 34, 264
Liguanea Botanic Garden 345
Lind, James 242, 249, 254, 258–260, 273, 279
Lindsey Battalion 362
Linnaeus, Carl 31–32, 38, 39, 67, 71, 75, 228, 243, 343
Linnaeus, Carl Jr 307, 343
Linnaeus, Elisabeth Christina 38, 39
Linnean Society 343, 372, 404
Lisbon 62–64
Lloyd, John 289
Loten, Joan Gideon 70
Louis XVI, King of France 330
Loureiro, Joao de 63
Lucas, Simon 342
Lygon, William (1st Earl Beauchamp).
See Beauchamp, Lord (William Lygon).
Lyons, Israel 29–30, 263
Lyttelton, Charles 46
M
Macarthur, Elizabeth 367, 393
Macarthur, John 393,
colonial secretary role 389, 390
land acquisitions 367–368, 375
Rum Corps involvement 368, 374–375, 389, 390, 393–394
wool industry involvement 368–369, 385–388
also mentioned 352,373
Macartney, George 366–367
MacKenzie, Daniel 286–287
Mackenzie, Kenneth. See Seaforth, Earl of.
Maclean, Allan 255, 256
Macquarie, Lachlan 256, 337, 338, 393, 399, 403
MacQuarrie, Lauchlan 256
Mai (Polynesian man) 272–278, 279, 281, 282, 283, 338
Maitland, John 387
malaria 219, 221, 222, 223
Manley, Isaac 97
Man, Robert 83
Maori people, Europeans’ encounters with and perceptions of 152–164, 166–174, 273
Marchant, Jonathan 242
Marquis of Granby (ship) 241
Marquis of Rockingham (ship) 241
Marsden, Samuel 369, 386
Marsden, William 303, 397
Martyn, John 29
Maskelyne, Nevil 67, 76, 254, 310, 311, 312
Mason, Charles 67, 77
Masson, Francis 252, 325, 337, 338
Matra, James
Banks’s marriage, wishes for 298–299
colonisation of New South Wales, role in 313–314, 315–317
death 320
HMS Endeavour voyage 194, 320, 204
Tangier consular role 320, 366, 381
weight 371
also mentioned 190, 234
Maty, Paul 291, 310, 311
Mazell, Peter 74
McIntyre, John 352–353
McKenzie, George 357
measurement, British adoption of imperial system of 371
Menzies, Archibald 341, 343, 355, 356–357, 358–361
Mercury, transit of (1769) 166
merino sheep. See wool industry.
Mewburn, George 17
Miller, James 241, 286–287
Miller, John Frederick 241, 286–287
Miller, Philip 31, 71
Mills, Jeremiah 274
Milner, Thomas 81
Molyneux, Robert 97, 100, 123, 130, 182, 212, 225
Monboddo, Lord (James Burnett) 261
Monson, Anne 87
Moody, Samuel 224
Moowattin, Daniel 374, 397–398
Moravian Brethren Christian community 33, 42
Morris, Valentine 326
Morton, Charles 46
Morton, Earl of (James Douglas) 82, 89, 154, 192
Munkhouse, Jonathan 97, 201, 224
Munkhouse, William 50
HMS Endeavour voyage 97, 106, 121, 135, 141, 145, 155, 156, 189, 196, 221
death 221
Murray, Fanny 35, 36
N
Napoleon Bonaparte 383, 385, 395, 400
Natural History Museum (London) 406
Naturaliste (ship) 380, 381
navigation instruments 77, 95
Nelson, David 282, 326, 328, 336, 337, 338, 339, 341, 345
Nelson, Horatio 264, 395
Nepean, Evan 315, 317, 319, 347
New Caledonia 169
New Holland. See Australia. See New South Wales, transportation to and settlement of.
New South Wales, transportation to and settlement of
policy origns 283–284, 291–296, 313–315, 315–317, 324–325
First Fleet 318–321, 324–325, 329–330, 333–334, 345–347
Second Fleet 347–349, 350–354
under Lieutenant Governor Francis Grose 367
under Governor John Hunter 368–369, 373–375
under Governor Lachlan Macquarie 399, 403
under Governor Philip Gidley King 373–374, 388, 391–392
under Governor William Bligh 392–394
New Zealand 152–165, 166–176
Newfoundland 43–44, 47–50, 52–53
Newton, Isaac 10, 40, 290, 291, 310, 311
Nicholson, James 143
Nodder, Frederick Polydore 285–286
Nootka Crisis 358
North, Abraham 83
North, Frederick (Lord North) 307, 313, 314
North Pole 263–264
North West Passage 282, 402
Norton, John 340
Norton, John ‘Jack’ 9
O
Oborea (Tahitian queen) 137, 139, 140, 144, 146, 147, 148, 269, 271, 272, 277
Okey, William 334
Ólafsson, Eggert 258
Oldaker, Isaac 402
Oliver, William 11
Omai (Polynesian man). See Mai.
Opie, John 20
Orkney Islands 261
Orton, Richard 193–194, 222
Oudry, Jean-Baptiste 71
Oxford University 27–30
Oxley, John 399
P
Paillou, Peter 71–72
Pallas, Peter 342
Palliser, Hugh 42, 43–44, 56, 58, 59, 60, 82, 174, 245, 246
Palsson, Bjarni 258
Parkinson, Britannia 233
Parkinson, Stanfield 232–235, 282
Parkinson, Sydney
early career 71, 72, 76, 86
HMS Endeavour voyage
Plymouth to Rio de Janeiro 100–101, 104–105, 106, 111, 115, 117
Rio de Janeiro to Tahiti 120, 124, 128
Tahiti 135
Tahiti to New Zealand 150
New Zealand 160
New Zealand to Australia 178
Botany Bay landing 184, 186, 293
Botany Bay to Endeavour River 191, 194, 198, 208
homeward voyage Batavia 222, 223, 224
death 224
legacy 285–286
posthumous dispute over journal of 231–235, 235, 282
Park, Mungo 366, 378
Parr, Samuel 16
Parry, William 277, 401–402
Paterson, William 375, 384, 385, 386
Peckwell, Henry 231
Pemulwuy (Indigenous man) 353, 384, 407
Pennant, Thomas
early career 34
fallout with Joseph Banks 262
also mentioned 45, 63, 66, 71, 83, 227
Pepys, Samuel 10, 290
Peradeniya botanic garden 396
Perceval, John. See Egmont, Second Earl of.
Perkins, Thomas 293
Perrin, William 36, 39, 39–40, 47, 51, 65, 74, 80, 86, 87, 93, 116, 403
Phillip, Arthur
early life 318, 320
First Fleet, commandment of 318, 320–321, 324–325, 329–330
New South Wales, governorship of 333–334, 334–335, 345–347, 347, 348, 350–354, 374
also mentioned 368
Phipps, Augustus 277
Phipps, Constantine
early life 20
Newfoundland and Labrador voyage 44, 44–46, 49, 56
North Pole expedition 262, 263–264
also mentioned 272, 276, 277, 287
Pickersgill, Richard 97, 214, 281
Pitcairn, William 308
Pitt, Thomas 348, 360, 361
Pitt, William, the Elder 19, 74
Pitt, William, the Younger 22, 314, 318, 361
platypus 384–385, 399
polar bears 264
portraits of Joseph Banks 20–21, 42, 244–245, 404
Price, James 309
Priestley, Joseph 67, 242, 307
Prince of Wales (ship) 324
Pringle, John 228, 289–290
Prior, William 16
Purkis, Samuel 382
Putland, John 390, 392
Putland, Mary 390, 391, 392
Q
Queen Charlotte (queen consort) 398
Queen Charlotte (ship) 357
R
Raffles, Stamford 403
Raiatea 149
Ravenhill, John 97, 223
Ray, Martha 36, 279
Reading, John 117, 150
Rearden, Timothy 97
Red Ribbon of the Order of the Bath 362
Regenfuss, Franz Michael 66
Rennell, James 358
Revesby estate 300–301
purchase by Joseph Banks I 8
Revesby Abbey, Banks as first baronet of 307
renovations and refurbishment 13, 14, 299, 300
wind damage 396
Reynolds, John 222
Reynolds, Joshua 67, 244–245, 277
Richmond, Thomas 87, 122–123
Riddel, John 254
Ridley, Nicholas 28
Riou, Edward 347, 348, 349
Roberts, James
early life 86
HMS Endeavour voyage 191, 220, 226, 235,
HMS Resolution voyage 242
HMS Sir Lawrence voyage 254, 258, 259, 260, 261
also mentioned 273, 274, 373
Roberts, John 292–293
Robertson, George 128, 130
Roebuck, John 261
Rolim de Moura Tavares, Antônio. See Tavares, Antônio Rolim de Moura.
Ronalds, Hugh 347
Rosetta stone 379
Ross, Robert 320
Rowley, Thomas 369
Roxburgh, William 323
Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew 265–266
acquisitions 260, 323, 331, 332, 338, 360, 375, 398, 399
Banks’s legacy 404
China, diplomatic mission to, involvement in 367
establishment 33, 265–266
plants and seeds exported to New South Wales from 347–348, 375
also mentioned 252, 282, 287, 307, 316, 344, 345, 355, 364, 374, 398, 404
Royal College of Surgeons 407
Royal Horticultural Society 404
Royal Institution 372
Royal Observatory, Greenwich 276
Royal Philosophers’ Club 244, 276, 281, 403. See also Royal Society Club.
Royal Society 10, 66–68
Banks’s activity in
election as fellow 46
first meeting attended 66
in aftermath of HMS Endeavour voyage 228
presidency 289–291, 309–311, 373, 403, 404
invitation to join Council 272
Banks’s Soho home as meeting place 286
Banks statue commissioned by 406
establishment and role 10, 66–68
outsider perceptions of 105
Royal Society Cook Medal 305
Somerset House premises 304
voyages and activities supported by
HMS Resolution. See main entry.
HMS Adventure. See main entry.
HMS Bounty. See main entry.
North Pole 262, 263, 264
Transit of Venus observation 68, 76–77, 80–81, 85. See also HMS Endeavour voyage.
Royal Society Club 372. See also Royal Philosophers’ Club
‘Rum Corps’ and Rum Rebellion 374–375, 388, 389, 393, 394
Russell, Hannah 398
Russell, John 33
S
St George’s Fields Massacre 84
Saint Helena 225–226
Salis, Henry Jerome de 231
Samarang, Alexander (Sander) 222
Sandby, Paul 264, 286–287
Sanderson, William 17
Sandwich, Earl of (John Montagu) 35
HMS Resolution voyage, orders
regarding 240, 243, 245, 247–248, 249, 252–253
Mai (Polynesian man), visit by 273, 274, 276
Royal Society involvement 37, 66
sexual predilections and activity 35–36, 42, 287
also mentioned 18, 37, 263, 279, 281, 354
Satterley, John 224
Saunders, Patrick 222
Saussure, Benedict de 90–92
Sauvigny, Berthier de 364
Scarborough (ship) 324, 325
Scoresby, Scoresby 402
Scot, Alexander 254
scurvy 105–106, 127, 242, 272, 283
Seaforth, Earl of (Kenneth Mackenzie) 288
Second Fleet 347–349, 351–352
Sharp, Granville 277
Sheffield, William 236, 241
Sherard, William 29
Shiercliffe Hall 8–9
Short, Joseph 392
Sibelius, Gerard 286–287
Sibthorp, Humphrey 29
Sibthorp, John 29
Sidmouth, Viscount (Henry Addington) 356
Sidserf, Peter 242
Sinclair (ship) 392
Skottowe, Thomas 17
skulls, human, collecting of 327–328, 335, 348, 350, 353, 354
slave trade and slavery 6, 74, 222, 225–226, 292, 293, 326, 345, 355, 403, 404, 407
Sloane, Hans 10, 31, 37, 106, 290
smallpox 25–26, 274, 346, 351
Smith, Christopher 345, 386
Smith, Gabriel 286–287
Smith, Isaac 97, 185, 189
Smith, James (gardener) 347, 348
Smith, Sir James (botanist and friend) 29, 343
Smith, John 97
Smith, Robert 29
Smith, William 337
Sneyd, John 89
Society Islands 149
Society of Antiquaries 10, 41, 46, 70, 372, 379, 414, 423
Society of Arts 31, 372
Solander, Daniel 38–39
death 308–309
early life 38–39
HMS Endeavour voyage
circumstances of joining 87
Plymouth to Rio de Janeiro 102, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117
Rio de Janeiro to Tahiti 120, 121–122, 308
Tahiti 133, 135, 141, 142, 147
Tahiti to New Zealand 150, 151
New Zealand 154, 155, 156, 163, 164, 169, 171, 173, 175
New Zealand to Australia 182
Botany Bay landing 2, 188
Botany Bay to Endeavour River 197, 198, 209, 211
Endeavour River to Batavia 216, 217
Batavia to Deal (Great Britain) 223, 224, 226
aftermath 235–236
HMS Resolution voyage (‘South Seas’) 241, 279–280
HMS Sir Lawrence voyage 256, 257, 258, 258–260, 261
honorary doctorate 235
Madeira tour 104, 105
Mai (Polynesian man), visit by. See Mai.
personal qualities 101–102
place named after 191
Sydney Parkinson’s journal, role in dispute over 232, 233, 234
Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, work for 266
Royal Society involvement 39, 66, 272
also mentioned 66, 86, 227, 228, 231, 237, 252, 262, 269, 279, 283, 288, 289, 290, 299, 307, 308
spice trade 222, 323
Spöring, Herman 86, 141, 164, 222, 223
Spöring, Herman Sr 86
Stanford, Richard 388
Stanhope, James Hamilton 406
Stanley, Lady (Maria Holroyd) 362
Staunton, George 367
Stephens, Philip 82, 87, 191
Stephensen, Magnus 396
Stephensen, Olafur 260
Stephenson, Benjamin 34, 299
Stevens, George 8
Stevens, Henry 106
St Jean Baptiste (ship) 170
‘strike’, origin of word 84
Stronach, David 367
Stuart, John. See Bute, Earl of
Stubbs, George 234
Stubbs, Robert 293
Stukeley, William 9, 10
sugar cane (crop) 314, 345, 346
Surville, Jean-François-Marie de 170, 177
Sutherland, Forby 188
Sutton, Robert 25
Suttor, George 375, 376
Sydney Harbour, First Fleet’s arrival at 330
Sydney, Lord (Tommy Townshend) 316, 317, 319–320, 320, 324, 328, 330
T
Tahiti 85, 128, 129–148, 338–339
Tahitian women, European sailors’
perceptions of and encounters with 98, 128, 131, 132–133, 134, 137, 143, 315, 339
Taiata (servant boy) 148, 158, 162, 164, 220, 221
Tasman, Abel 68, 95, 149, 152–153, 379
tattooing and tattoos 2, 146, 148, 158, 277
Tavares, Antônio Rolim de Moura 112, 112–113, 113, 114
Taylor, William 380
Te Maro (Maori chief) 154, 159
Te Rakau (Maori chief) 156
tea industry 343–344, 344, 366
Tench, Watkin 333, 351, 353, 354
terra nullius policy 325
Thackeray, Thomas 16, 17
Thales, Henry 276
Thistle, John 380
Thodal, Lauritz 257
Thompson, Edward ‘Poet’ 316, 317
Thompson, John 98, 224
Thornton, Robert 78, 230, 289
Thurman, John 113, 143, 224
Torava (Maori chief) 167
Torres, Luis Váez de 77, 177
Torrington, Viscount (John Byng) 300–301
Townshend, Tommy. See Sydney, Lord.
transit of Mercury (1769) 166
transits of Venus 67–68
Royal Society’s plans for 1769
observation of 68, 76–77, 80–81, 85, 88, 95
observation operations in Tahiti 134, 136, 141–142. See also HMS
Endeavour voyage.
also mentioned 112, 113
Treaty of Paris 313
Trew, Christoph 71
Trim (Matthew Flinders’ cat) 378, 380, 381, 383
Troil, Uno von. See von Troil, Uno
Trusslove, John 223
Tubourai (Tahitian man) 137, 138, 139, 141, 144, 147
Tuckey, James 401
Tulbagh, Ryk 225
Tupaia (Polynesian navigator) 2, 3, 129, 140
Endeavour voyage
Tahiti to New Zealand 148, 149
New Zealand 155, 156, 158, 159, 162, 164, 168, 169, 171–172
New Zealand to Australia 178, 182
Botany Bay landing 2, 3, 185
Botany Bay to Endeavour River 196, 202, 204, 205, 207–212
Batavia 220, 221
death 221
also mentioned 145, 147, 272
Turner, William 45
U
Udall, Nicholas 18
United Brethren religious community 33, 42
Uppsala Astronomical Observatory 12
V
Vancouver, George 357–360
Vandelli, Domenico 63, 364, 396–397
Van Diemen’s Land 68, 179–180, 338, 360, 374, 376, 377, 383, 392
Vansittart, Nicholas 386
venereal diseases 143, 339
Venus (ship) 355
Venus, transit of. See transits of Venus.
Vespucci, Amerigo 108
Visme, Gerard de 63–64
Voltaire 67
von Troil, Uno 253–254, 257, 258–260
W
Waddington, Robert 67
Walden, Frederick Herman 242
Wales, William 242
Walker, Henry 17
Walker, John 17, 96
Wallis, Catherine Collingwood 11
Wallis, Samuel 85, 130, 137
Walpole, Horace 19, 35–36, 253, 304
Wardale, Frances 87
Waterhouse, Elizabeth 377
Waterhouse, Henry 355, 367, 368, 369
Waterhouse, William 355
Watson, William 46, 79
Watt, James 261, 395
Webb, Clement 147
Webb, Philip Carteret 39
Wedgwood, Josiah 287, 335
Wedgwood, Thomas 382
Weir, Alexander 97, 104
Wells, Sarah (‘Sally’) 288–289
Wentworth, William 399
West, Benjamin 244
West, James 46
Westall, William 378
Western Australia 359–360, 379
Whichcote, Francis 8
White, Gilbert 34, 83, 96
Wilberforce, William 355, 403
Wiles, James 345
Wilkes, John 36, 84, 218
Wilkinson, Andrew 76
Wilkinson, Francis 98
Wilkinson, Tate 16
William, Duke of Cumberland 19
William Pitt the Elder 19, 74
William Pitt the Younger 22, 314, 318, 361
Willis, Browne 9
Wolfe, Archibald 143
wool industry 301–302, 385–388
merino sheep 321–322, 330–333, 368–369, 385–386
also mentioned 314–315
Wray, Daniel 80
Wren, Christopher 10, 290, 304
Y
Yarrbarigu, Ngamu 210
Yemmerrawanne (Indigenous man) 354, 355–356
Young, Arthur 300
Young, Edward 23
Young, Nicholas 97, 153, 226, 242
Z
Zinzendorf, [Count Nicolaus] 33
Zoffany, Johan 241–242, 253