NOTES
Chapter 1
1. Bloom, American Religion, 81, 95–96, 98–99.
2. Eliza R. Snow Smith, Biography and Family Record of Lorenzo Snow (1884), 46, also cited in Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Lorenzo Snow (Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 2011), 83.
3. Bloom, American Religion, 80–81, 95, 101.
4. Ibid., 104–6, 108.
5. Foster, “Joseph Smith’s Plural Wives,” 294–95; Bradley, “Mormon Polygamy,” 14–58; Hales, “Joseph Smith,” 99–151.
6. Foster, “Joseph Smith’s Plural Wives,” 294–95. For more detailed information on Joseph Smith and his plural marriages, see the other essays in Bringhurst and Foster, Persistence of Polygamy, vol. 1, and Hales, Joseph Smith’s Polygamy.
7. Foster, “Wives of the Prophets,” 127–133.
8. Ibid., 134–45.
9. For a discussion of women incarcerated for refusing to testify against their husbands, see Stromberg, “Prisoners for ‘The Principle,’” 298–325.
10. Driggs, “Lorenzo Snow’s Appellate Court Victory,” 81–93.
11. Salt Lake Tribune, January 6, 1880.
12. Musser, Four Hidden Revelations, 15–18. See also Musser and Broadbent, Supplement to the New and Everlasting [hereafter Supplement], 62–63.
13. Briney, Apostles on Trial, 109.
14. Quinn, “LDS Church Authority,” 29–30. See also Foster, “Wives of the Prophets,” 134–36.
15. Hales, “John Taylor’s 1886 Revelation,” 59.
16. Fundamentalists point to three other revelations—in 1880, 1882 and 1899—that were never canonized. Musser and Broadbent, Supplement; Musser, Four Hidden Revelations.
17. Smoot and Sheriff, City In-Between, 361–62; Watson, “From Nineteenth-Century Mormon Polygamy,” 151.
18. Parkinson, Utah Woolley Family, 213–14.
19. Musser and Broadbent, Supplement, 26.
20. Ibid.
21. Lorin C. Woolley statement recorded by Joseph W. Musser, Musser Book of Remembrance, September 27, 1932, 38.
22. Parkinson, Utah Woolley Family, 198.
23. Madsen, Defender of the Faith.
24. Rogers, In the President’s Office, 211–12; Bitton, George Q. Cannon, 287–88.
25. The Doctrine and Covenants, Section 84:63. Fundamentalists believe Joseph Smith established this priesthood quorum of seven apostles before the Quorum of Twelve Apostles of the LDS Church and appointed them “to be stewards over the revelations and commandments” as recorded in The Doctrine and Covenants, Section 70:1–3; see also Section 84. Brigham Young may have continued this quorum as implied in an 1873 LDS Church conference in which Young discussed a quorum of seven, “one higher than the Twelve Apostles,” as reported in an opposition news article, “A New Quorum of Priesthood,” Salt Lake Daily Tribune, April 10, 1873. See also Musser and Broadbent, Supplement, 101–17, and Musser, Priesthood Issue.
Chapter 2
26. “The Manifesto and the End of Plural Marriage,” Gospel Topics on LDS.org, accessed July 26, 2016, https://www.lds.org/topics/themanifesto-and-the-end-of-plural-marriage?lang=eng.
27. Wilford Woodruff journal, September 25, 1890, as quoted in “Manifesto and the End of Plural Marriage.”
28. Jorgenson and Hardy, “Taylor-Cowley Affair,” 10.
29. Wright, “Origins and Development,” 51.
30. Jorgenson and Hardy, “Taylor-Cowley Affair,” 10, 20–21.
31. Clark, Messages of the First Presidency, 4:84–85.
32. Anonymous, “Loyal Opposition.”
33. Ibid.
34. Quinn, “LDS Church Authority,” 12. See also Quinn, “Plural Marriages.”
35. Letter, First Presidency to Presidents of Stakes, October 5, 1910, in Clark, Messages of the First Presidency, 4:216–18.
36. For example, a short list of “new” polygamists was published that included the name of Joseph W. Musser, later a prominent Fundamentalist Mormon, in “Just So that People Know,” Salt Lake Tribune, October 21, 1910.
37. Alexander, Mormonism in Transition, 65–66; Briney, Apostles on Trial, 54–55, 117–18.
38. Diary entry of August 1, 1915, in Nathaniel Baldwin Diaries, 1897–1961, University of Utah Marriott Library Special Collections, Manuscripts, Accession 1298. See also Baldwin, Times of the Gentiles.
39. Parkinson, Utah Woolley Family, 97.
40. “Edwin Dilworth Woolley,” Family Tree, FamilySearch.org, accessed June 27, 2016.
41. Jenson, Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia, 3:285.
42. Smoot and Sheriff, City In-Between, 361–62. See also Watson, “From Nineteenth-Century Mormon Polygamy,” 151.
43. Smoot and Sheriff, City In-Between.
44. [Allred], “Biographical Sketch,” 302. Warren Longhurst married his third wife, Eva Allred, on November 17, 1909, and later married her legally on November 28, 1912, in El Paso, Texas, after the death of his first wife, Myra Irene Allred, in September 1912.
45. “A Life Sketch of Ann Reed Everington Roberts 1826–1910,” Family Tree, FamilySearch.org, accessed October 6, 2018.
46. Ibid.; Madsen, Defender of the Faith, 11.
47. Richins, “Journal of Amy Irene Woolley.”
48. Ibid. Also, Mary Jessop Lavery and Kathleen Thompson Lavery, “Notes of a Conversation with Sister Olive Coombs, Daughter of Lorin C. Woolley,” circa spring 1966, copy in possession of authors; Olive Woolley Coombs, interview by Randy Witman and Jeff Norman, June 9, 1987, transcript, copy in possession of authors.
49. In early Utah, some others also received endowments at a young age. For example, Jonathan Golden Kimball, a son of early LDS Apostle Heber C. Kimball, recorded receiving his endowment at age fourteen along with two half-siblings near the same age on January 5, 1867. Taylor, Sermons of J. Golden Kimball, 269.
50. Parkinson, Utah Woolley Family, 213–14.
51. Allred, Indian Territory Mission, March 28, 1897. See also Andrew Kimball Diary, January 25, 1897, in MS 2694, Andrew Kimball Papers 1884– 1923, Church History Library.
52. “Union State Bank of Bountiful Gets its Charter,” Davis County Clipper, May 9, 1913, 8; “Building Association Organized Monday,” Davis County Clipper, December 19, 1913, 1; “Underwriters Trust Company,” Salt Lake Tribune, March 11, 1917, 41; Ancestry.com, U.S. City Directories, 1822–1995, accessed June 22, 2016, www.ancestry.com; “United Sugar Company,” Bizstanding, accessed July 4, 2016, https://bizstanding.com/directory/UT/UN/192; “New Corporations,” Salt Lake Telegram, October 5, 1921, 12.
53. Lavery and Lavery, “Notes of a Conversation.”
54. Watson, “From Nineteenth-Century Mormon Polygamy,” 154–55.
55. Foster, “Plural Wives,” 499.
56. Lavery and Lavery, “Notes of a Conversation.”
57. “Mormons of Kaysville Still Pondering Over Remarks of Speaker in Ward House,” Salt Lake Telegram, February 28, 1911, 6.
58. Ibid.
59. Ibid.
60. “Mormons of Kaysville.”
61. “The Trial of John W. Taylor,” Reed C. Durham papers, University of Utah Libraries, Special Collections, J. Willard Marriott Library. See also Musser, Four Hidden Revelations; Watson, “Corroborative Evidence.”
62. Hales, “John Taylor’s 1886 Revelation,” 79–80.
63. Affidavit of John W. Woolley, January 16, 1914, typed transcript in possession of authors.
64. “Excommunication of John W. Woolley,” Salt Lake Tribune, April 1, 1914, 5.
65. Lavery and Lavery, “Notes of a Conversation.”
66. Musser and Broadbent, Supplement, 26.
Chapter 3
67. James E. Talmage Journals, January 15, 1924, and James Talmage Correspondence File, January 18, 1924, as quoted in Hales, “‘I Love to Hear Him.’”
68. Foster, “Like Sparks of a Wildfire.” See also Watson, “Nathaniel Baldwin’s Lasting Legacies.”
69. Journal of Discourses, 21:9–13, as cited in Nathaniel Baldwin, “Some Personal Experiences,” typescript manuscript, n.d., copy in author’s possession.
70. Baldwin, “Some Personal Experiences.”
71. Singer, “Utah Inventor and Patron,” 42–53.
72. Baldwin, “Some Personal Experiences.”
73. Ibid.
74. Baldwin Diaries, March 4, 5, 14 and 20, 1922.
75. Singer, “Utah Inventor and Patron,” 49.
76. Baldwin Diaries, January 21, 1921.
77. Ibid., April 25, 1922.
78. Nathaniel Baldwin Inc. was incorporated on June 23, 1922. Salt Lake County, Record of Incorporations, Utah State Archives. Of the original incorporators, only Lorin C. Woolley had not been previously involved with Baldwin’s radio manufacturing.
79. Omega Investment Company was incorporated on June 30, 1922. Salt Lake County Clerk, Incorporation Records, Utah State Archives. Three other signers of incorporation papers for Nathaniel Baldwin Inc.—Delbert Osguthorpe, Ebenezer Johnson and Harvey Melville—were never involved in continued plural marriage.
80. Boss, Interview with Moroni Jessop, 3.
81. Baldwin Radio International was incorporated on January 9, 1923. Salt Lake County Records of Incorporation, Utah State Archives.
82. Watson, “Nathaniel Baldwin’s Lasting Legacies.”
83. Foy, City Bountiful, 91; Syracuse Historical Commission, Community of Syracuse, 73; East of Antelope Island, 212, 247, 411; FamilySearch.org.
84. “In Davis County,” Washington County News, September 17, 1898, 2; East of Antelope Island, 333, 411; Driggs, “Imprisonment, Defiance, and Division,” 69; “Some New Polygamists,” Salt Lake Tribune, May 30, 1910, 4; “The Tribune Thrice Sustained,” Salt Lake Tribune, September 29, 1910, 6.
85. FamilySearch.org; Olson, History of Millville, 6; Millville Memories, 85, 89–90, 160, 162.
86. “Aunt Fawn Jessop Broadbent’s Early Experiences,” 3, 4, photocopy of typescript in authors’ possession.
87. “Richard S. Jessop—Scenes of Early Days [Jessop’s],” 5, photocopy of typescript in possession of author.
88. Ibid., 3.
89. 1930 United States Federal Census, population schedule, Millville, Utah, E.D. 3-22, sheet 3B.
90. Hales, “‘I Have Been Fanatically Religious.’”
91. Joseph White Musser Journals, August 13, 1922, as quoted in Watson, “From Nineteenth-Century Mormon Polygamy,” 171.
92. Joseph White Musser Journals, March 30, 1940, as quoted in Hales, “‘I Have Been Fanatically Religious.’”
93. Jenson, Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia, 3:350–51.
94. Syracuse Historical Commission, Community of Syracuse, 124, 266–67.
95. FamilySearch.org.
96. “Ancestor O’ the Month: Walter Steed,” marthasteedhowletthistory, accessed May 16, 2016, https://marthasteedhowletthistory.wordpress. com/2013/10/26/ancestor-o-the-month-walter-steed. Lillie Sandberg’s marriage was probably performed by Israel Barlow Jr. or perhaps by ex-Apostle Matthias F. Cowley.
97. Allred, Indian Territory Mission, March 28, 1897, 4.
98. B. Harvey Allred married Dorothea Elsabeth Von Qualen on August 14, 1935. Kunz, Voices of Women, 301. An account of Harvey’s defense at his church trial appears in Kunz, Second Leaf in Review, 125–51.
99. Sylvia Allred married Isaac Carling Spencer on June 18, 1928. Mary Viola Anderson, widow of Joseph Orlando Thompson, married William John Worth Kilgrow on November 11, 1928. Both plural marriages were performed by John W. Woolley at his home in Centerville. R.L. Spencer, interview by Marianne T. Watson, September 23, 2018. Jessop, Journal and Other Personal Papers, 120, 163, 214.
100. Jessop, Journal and Other Personal Papers, 163.
101. Diary of Joseph Lyman Jessop [hereafter Jessop Diary], January 28, 1928.
102. Ibid., 7–8; Driggs, “This Will Someday Be,” 207; Bradley, Kidnapped from that Land, 46.
103. Four sources mention this event: 1) Joseph W. Musser Journal, contained in Musser, Autobiography of Saint Joseph White Musser; 2) Joseph W. Musser Book of Remembrance; 3) Boss, Interview with Moroni Jessop (Privately published, circa 1942); 4) Jessop Diary.
104. Boss, Interview with Moroni Jessop.
105. Lavery and Lavery, “Notes of a Conversation.” See also “Obsequies Held Dec 16 for John W. Woolley,” Davis County Clipper, December 21, 1918, 5.
106. Anonymous, “John W. Woolley,” typescript biography, circa 1970, copy in author’s possession.
107. Watson, “From Nineteenth-Century Mormon Polygamy,” 173–75.
Chapter 4
108. Early publications by Priesthood Council members and associates included: 1) B. Harvey Allred, A Leaf in Review (Caldwell, ID: Caxton Printers, 1933); 2) J.L. Broadbent, comp., Celestial Marriage? (Salt Lake City: n.p., n.d. [1933]); 3) Joseph W. Musser, New and Everlasting Covenant of Marriage (Salt Lake City, n.p, 1933); 4) Musser and Broadbent, Supplement; and (5) Joseph W. Musser, The Ballard-Jenson Correspondence (Salt Lake City: Truth Publishing Company, [1934]).
109. “Official Statement from the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,” Deseret News, June 17, 1933.
110. Bradley, Kidnapped from that Land, 16–17.
111. Jessop Diary, April 7 and 11, May 3, 1934, 17–19, 58; “Official Statement,” Deseret News, June 17, 1933.
112. Jessop Diary, May 24, 1934.
113. Ibid., April 21, May 24 and June 25, 1934; 19, 21, 25.
114. Ibid., September 23, 1934.
115. Rulon C. Allred, “Lorin C. Woolley,” unpublished paper, n.d.
116. Truth 2, no. 8 (January 1937): 122.
117. Utah department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Statistics, Death Certificates, series 81448, file no. 67; Jessop Diary, September 23, 1934.
118. Hyde, “Inside ‘The Order.’” This was one of several sources that mentioned DCCS members calling the group “The Order.”
119. A leader of the Latter Day Church of Christ, interview by Craig L. Foster, March 24, 2018, and typescript of the discussion, prepared by representatives of the Latter Day Church of Christ.
120. Ibid. See also “Articles of Incorporation of the Davis County Cooperative Society,” State of Utah, Secretary of State’s Office, August 23, 1941.
121. Jessop Diary, March 16, 1935.
122. Bradley, Kidnapped from that Land, 16–17.
123. Jessop Diary, March 23, March 25 and April 4, 1934.
124. Ibid., May 10, 1935.
125. Ibid., May 13–14, 17 and 23, 1935.
126. Ibid., May 17, 1935.
127. Driggs, “‘There Must Be No Compromise,” 210.
128. Jessop Diary, August 15, 1935.
129. Driggs, “‘There Must Be No Compromise,’” 210; Bradley, Kidnapped from that Land, 52.
130. Jessop Diary, July 7 and 21, 1935.
131. Driggs, “‘There Must Be No Compromise,’” 210; Jessop Diary, July 7 and 21, 1935. See also Watson, “Short Creek,” 71–87.
132. Jessop Diary, July 26 and August 6, 1935.
133. Ibid., August 7 and 9, 1935; Driggs, “‘There Must Be No Compromise,” 213–14. Truth, January 1936; Bradley, Kidnapped from that Land, 54; Stegner, Mormon Country, 220. Jack Childress, a homesteader, signed the complaints.
134. Bradley, Kidnapped from that Land, 56; Mohave County Miner, September 6, 1935. See also Bradley, Kidnapped from that Land, 56–63, 224–25; Driggs, “‘There Must Be No Compromise,’” 211.
135. Bradley, Kidnapped from that Land, 61.
136. Ibid., 54, 55, 62; Driggs, “‘There Must Be No Compromise,’” 213, 214; “Short Creek Embroglio,” Truth 1 (October 1935): 51.
137. Joseph W. Musser Diary, November 13, 1936. Today, “keys of priesthood,” as it is commonly understood among Fundamentalists, refers to men who have been ordained apostles, set apart to seal marriages and keep the fulness of the gospel alive upon the earth.
138. Ibid.
139. Ibid.
140. Watson, “Short Creek,” 80–81.
141. Ibid.
142. Ibid.
143. Quinn, J. Reuben Clark, 183.
144. Quinn, Elder Statesman, 237, 238, 244, 251. Quinn’s biographies of Clark drew from Clark’s correspondence, of which identical copies are included in Bishop Curtis’s surveillance records in Utah State Archives’ Polygamy Investigation Files, photocopies in authors’ possession.
145. Letter, Hawthorne Ward Bishopric by Bishop to the First Presidency, Attention Pres. J. Reuben Clark Jr., October 4, 1939.
146. Ibid.
Chapter 5
147. Jessop Diary, March 7, 1945.
148. Ibid.
149. Ibid.
150. Ibid.
151. Ibid. See also Joseph W. Musser Journal, March 7, 1944, and Kelsch, Louis Alma Kelsch, 49.
152. “Utah Polygamy Probe Delayed,” Arizona Republic, March 9, 1944, 4.
153. “LDS Leaders Uphold Action to Stamp Out Polygamy,” Salt Lake Tribune, March 8, 1944, 1; “Church Makes Statement,” Arizona Republic, March 8, 1944, 2.
154. Time, March 20, 1944, 55.
155. “20 Face Trial for Polygamy,” Detroit News, March 8, 1944, 3; “Trial of Cult Leaders Set,” Milwaukee Journal, March 8, 1944, 6; “Utah Cult Leaders Charged,” Arizona Republic, March 11, 1944, 5; “Fundamental Polygamists,” Newsweek, March 20, 1944, 86; “Fundamentalists,” Time, March 20, 1944, 55; “Score Testify in Cult Trial,” Ogden Standard-Examiner, October 1, 1944, 1.
156. Jessop Diary, March 7, 1945.
157. Ibid.
158. Musser, “Brief Biographical Sketch.”
159. “Defense Calls Up Witnesses in Polygamy Trial,” Ogden Standard-Examiner, October 3, 1944, 1.
160. “Excerpts from Sermon Given by President John Y. Barlow,” February 6, 1944, Johnson Sermons, vol. 7. (Hildale, UT: Twin City Courier Press, 1990), 10.
161. Musser Journal, February 29, 1944.
162. Driggs, “John Boyden’s 1944 Campaign.”
163. Musser Journal, February 29, 1944.
164. Truth, December 1940.
165. Fred E. Curtis, Polygamy Investigations 1954–1960, Utah State Archives. See also Watson, “Fred E. Curtis Papers.”
166. State charges were filed against thirty-two persons: Dr. Rulon C. Allred, Albert E. Barlow, Edmund F. Barlow, Ianthius W. Barlow, John Y. Barlow, Juanita Barlow, Ruth Barlow, Oswald Braininch, John G. Butchereit, Heber Kimball Cleveland, Marie Beth Barlow Cleveland, Zola Chatwin Cleveland, David Brigham Darger, Jean Barlow Darger, Mabel Finlayson, Melba Finlayson, J. Marion Hammon, Rulon Timpson Jeffs, Leona Jeffs, Joseph Lyman Jessop, George H. Kalmar, Louis Alma Kelsch, Morris Q. Kunz, Rhea Allred Kunz, Rose W. LeBaron, Myrtle Lloyd, Mary Mills, Guy Musser, Joseph W. Musser, Robert Leslie Shrewsbury, Alma A. Timpson and Charles F. Zitting. “Preliminaries Open in Prosecution of Polygamy Suspects,” Salt Lake Tribune, March 9, 1944, 13. See also Utah Supreme Court file in case no. 6816, State of Utah v. Joseph White Musser, et al.
167. The twenty federal defendants were: Dr. Rulon C. Allred, John Y. Barlow, Arnold Boss, William Chatwin, Heber Kimball Cleveland, Edna Christensen, David Brigham Darger, Theral Ray Dockstader, J. Marion Hammon, David W. Jeffs, Rulon T. Jeffs, Vergal T. Jessop, Leroy S. Johnson, Louis A. Kelsch, Guy H. Musser, Foillis Gardner Petty, L.R. Stubbs, Joseph W. Musser, Dr. LeGrand Woolley and Charles F. Zitting. “Jury Enters Total of 61 Indictments,” Salt Lake Tribune, March 12, 1944, 1B.
168. “Cultists Appeal to High Court,” Salt Lake Tribune, June 20, 1944, 11 (Part II).
169. United States v. Barlow et al, 56 F. Supp. 795, 796 (D. Utah 1944).
170. Driggs, “John Boyden’s 1944 Campaign.”
171. Jessop Diary, May 24, 1944. The photo essay was published by Life in its July 3, 1944 issue. Note also “UTAH POLYGAMY TRIALS,” Life, April 3, 1944, 38–39, photographs of the Rulon Allred family.
172. Musser, Celestial or Plural Marriage.
173. Carter, Heart Throbs, 458–59. See also Musser, “Factions,” 94–96.
174. “Polygamy Probe Names 46,” Salt Lake Tribune, March 7, 1944; “Forty Arrested on Indictment in Polygamy Probe,” Deseret News, March 7, 1944.
175. Jessop Diary, August 27 and 31, October 8 and December 2, 1945.
176. Bradley, Kidnapped from that Land, 86–87, 229; Salt Lake Telegram, November 10, 1944; Salt Lake Tribune, November 11, 1944; “The Conspiracy Cases,” TRUTH 12, no. 9 (February 1947): 246.
177. Driggs, “Imprisonment, Defiance, and Division,” 65–95.
178. Kelsch, Louis Alma Kelsch, 32–33; Driggs, “Imprisonment, Defiance, and Division”; Driggs, “Guide to Old Fashioned (Fundamentalist) Mormonism.”
179. Jessop Diary, August 15, 1935.
180. Musser Journal, November 13, 1936.
181. Bronson, Winnie, 202
182. This ordination took place on September 18, 1950. Rulon C. Allred, Poulson, Montana, May 17, 1959, transcription, published in History of the Priesthood Split, 67–72. For an FLDS version of the Rulon Allred’s “supposed ordination,” see Jeffs, History of Priesthood Succession, 252–53.
183. Allred’s calling was announced in a Fundamentalist meeting on October 29, 1950; Seventies Meeting Minutes, May 12, 1974, in History of the Priesthood Split, 80.
184. Ibid.
185. Vera Cook Allred recorded on May 2, 1952, that those opposing Musser were saying, “He is old and incapacitated and doesn’t know what he’s doing.” Vera Allred, “A Personal Witness,” in History of the Priesthood Split, 103. Robert Eaby recorded, “There are those going about telling that Joseph has lost his mind because of his infirmaties [sic].…I told him that I believed he was not demented as some say.” Robert Eaby, Diary, June 16, 1951, transcript of entry, photocopy in authors’ possession.
186. Jessop Diary, July 2, 1952.
187. Seventies Meeting Minutes, May 12, 1974, in History of the Priesthood Split, 83.
188. Ibid., May 6, 1951; Seventies Meeting Minutes, May 12, 1974, in History of the Priesthood Split, 86–87.
189. Jessop Diaries, January 12, 1952; Marvin L. Allred, “Witness and Testimony by Marvin L. Allred,” in History of the Priesthood Split, 13.
190. Jessop Diaries, November 15, 1952.
191. AUB Rulon C. Allred, Discourse, May 15, 1966, Murray, Utah in Fulton, Gems, 1:44; Briney, Silencing Mormon Polygamy, 28.
192. Charles F. Zitting died on July 14, 1954. Priesthood lineage charts changed sometime after 1978 when one of the authors visited homes of Short Creek (Colorado City) that included J. Leslie Broadbent, Joseph W. Musser and Charles F. Zitting. In 1991, new charts no longer included Zitting, Broadbent and Musser, consistent with Jeffs, History of the Priesthood Succession, 277.
193. Kelsch, Louis Alma Kelsch, 86.
194. Jessop Diaries, February 2, 1953.
195. Ibid., August 23–24, 1950.
196. Ibid., September 10, 1952.
197. Ibid., February 7, 1953.
Chapter 6
198. Bistline, Polygamists, 87, 91.
199. Ibid., 87.
200. Alvin Smith Barlow, interview by the authors, Colorado City, Arizona, July 2, 2016.
201. Bradley, Kidnapped from that Land, 131.
202. Arizona Daily Star, July 27, 1953, as quoted in Bradley, Kidnapped from that Land, 131.
203. Bradley, Kidnapped from that Land, 133.
204. Ibid.
205. Ibid., 134.
206. Ibid., 137.
207. Ibid., 138.
208. Ibid., 141.
209. “Patriarch of Polygamists Dies at 83,” Tucson Daily Citizen, September 2, 1953.
210. Kelly and Cohn, “Arizona’s 1953 Raid”; “Joseph Smith Jessop Arrested,” Tucson Daily Citizen, July 27, 1953, accessed August 6, 2016, https://familysearch.org/photos/artifacts/9836481.
211. Bradley, Kidnapped from that Land, 196–206.
212. “Reprehensible Raid,” Iron County Record, July 30, 1953, 2.
213. Kelly and Cohn, “Arizona’s 1953 Raid.”
214. Bistline, Polygamists, 94–95.
215. Judge Paul Anderson to Paul LaPrade, September 11, 1953, Utah State Archives, as quoted in Driggs, “Who Shall Raise the Children?,” 34.
216. Driggs, “Who Shall Raise the Children?,” 45.
217. Ibid.
Chapter 7
218. Bradley, Kidnapped from that Land, 163–64.
219. “Utahn Pleads Guilty of Cohabitation,” Salt Lake Tribune, December 4, 1955, 10C; “Judge Orders Cohabitation Prison Term,” Salt Lake Tribune, December 18, 1955, 8B. Special thanks to Ken Driggs for providing the authors with a copy of his unpublished 215-page manuscript “Chronology of Mormon Fundamentalism.”
220. “Survey Totals Polygamy in Utah at 2,000,” Salt Lake Tribune, February 29, 1956, 21.
221. Melba Allred, “Priesthood History,” typescript, 28–29, photocopy in possession of authors. In 1961, Allred purchased the Pinesdale ranch, ten miles northwest of Hamilton possibly in response to public statements by Utah attorney general Walter Budge in 1960 urging “a stepped-up attack on polygamy” and tried to get a bill passed which would make it lawful to put in prison any woman who entered into polygyny and any legal wife who knew of and gave her consent to it. The bill did not pass. Budge died suddenly on December 10, 1961, and his successor, A. Pratt Kessler, “showed little interest in pursuing polygamy investigations.” Also, “Walter Budge Urges Davis Attack on Polygamy,” Salt Lake Tribune, February 26, 1960; “Attorney Notes Plan to Check on Polygamists,” Salt Lake Tribune, April 6, 1960; Hilton, “Polygamy in Utah,” 89.
222. Jessop and Baker, Legacy of Love, 250, 260.
223. Rogers and Roueche, “Rulon C. Allred,” 266–68. Rogers and Roueche’s essay is a fascinating account of the turmoil caused by numerous forced moves and the toll it took as the large Allred family avoided the law while seeking a place of refuge for Utah polygamists.
224. Former Pinesdale resident, interview by Craig L. Foster, November 8, 2018; Higgins, “Polygamy in Montana”; Jessop and Baker, Legacy of Love, 338.
225. “To Report on Polygamous Cult,” Logan Herald Journal, October 12, 1962, 6.
226. Bistline, Polygamists, 139.
227. Ibid., 128.
228. Spafford, “Changing and Unchanging,” 315–16.
229. Ibid., 322. From numerous visits to Colorado City and nearby Centennial Park between 2010 and 2016, it was apparent to the authors that jean skirts and other casual types of skirts are popular among Centennial Park women when working and running errands.
230. Ibid., 324–25. The last comment is attributed to Carolyn Jessop, who was raised in the group but later left it and is now a vocal critic.
231. Ibid., 316–19.
232. Ibid., 319–21. The men’s and boys’ clothing changed very little other than their shirts are plain and in a “pioneer”-type pattern and, of course, also in pastel (mostly yellows and blues) and white for church and indoor activities, with darker blue, green and brown for working outside.
233. Bronson, History of Rocky Ridge, 4–5, 11.
234. Ibid., 8–9, 11, 15; anonymous granddaughter of Marvin Allred, interview by Craig L. Foster, September 18, 2016.
235. Two anonymous granddaughters of Marvin Allred, interview by Craig L. Foster, September 18, 2016. Family Home Evening is a program started in the LDS Church where families gather together for spiritual lessons, games and activities. Many Fundamentalist Mormons also follow this program.
236. Anonymous granddaughters of Marvin Allred, interview; Bronson, History of Rocky Ridge, 79.
237. “Women Kill Utah Surgeon,” Visalia Times Delta, May 11, 1977, 9A; “Murray Naturopath Slain,” Deseret News, May 11, 1977, 12A; Jessop and Baker, Legacy of Love, 419–20.
238. [Youngest daughter of Rulon Allred], “Memories of When Daddy Died,” and “From the Diary of [Anonymous] 1977,” Diary transcripts, May 10 and May 14, 1977; private collection of transcribed personal experiences concerning the death of Rulon C. Allred, copy in possession of authors.
239. “Doctor’s Killers Elude Police,” Deseret News, May 12, 1977, 6B.
240. “Murder Motive Still Unknown,” Deseret News, May 13, 1977, 1B.
241. Jessop and Baker, Legacy of Love, 421.
242. Wright, “Origins and Development,” 99–101.
243. Ibid. See also Hicks, “On the Trail,” 39–40.
244. LeBaron, Mark My Son, 21.
245. Ibid., 42.
246. Ibid, 43–95.
247. Ibid., 96–98.
248. Jessop and Baker, Legacy of Love, 279, 345, 346, 382, 387, 388.
249. Ibid., 40–41; Harris, “LeBaron’s Former Wife Admits to Murder.”
250. Anonymous friend of Ross LeBaron, interview, August 24, 2018.
251. LeBaron, LeBaron Story, vii. See also Horiuchi, “Authorities Hope Convictions End LeBaron Saga,” and “Ervil Morrell LeBaron,” Murderpedia, accessed September 16, 2016, http://murderpedia.org/male.L/l/lebaron-ervil.htm.
252. A former friend of Gerald Peterson, interview by Craig L. Foster, August 24, 2018.
253. Ibid.
254. A former wife of Gerald W. Peterson Sr., interview by Marianne T. Watson, July 12, 2018. Notes in authors’ possession. The former wife, who left Peterson, also claimed, “He said he would never die, but when it was time for him to leave, he would be taken up in a space ship. He said God lived in the center of the earth and sent angels in spacecraft to check on people. I got to where I didn’t believe a thing he said.” Righteous Branch representatives acknowledged the elder Peterson had a great interest in space, aliens and so on but were not aware of any claims of angels in spacecraft.
255. “Guy” and “Marie,” representatives of the Righteous Branch, telephone interview by Craig L. Foster, September 1, 2018.
256. Marianne Watson phone interview with anonymous friend of the Peterson Group, July 8, 2018.
257. “Righteous Branch of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,” Revolvy, accessed August 6, 2018, https://www.revolvy.com/page/Righteous-Branch-of-the-Church-of-Jesus-Christ-of-Latter%252DdaySaints.
258. “Guy” and “Marie,” interview. Both Guy and Marie were converted by missionaries while living in Idaho. They eventually gathered to the church’s headquarters outside of Tonopah.
259. Ivins, “Polygamy on Increase”; Briscoe, “Prosecution of Polygamists Waning.”
Chapter 8
260. Watson, “1948 Secret Marriage,” 84–85.
261. Bistline, Colorado City Polygamists, 106–8, 122–23.
262. Don Timpson, interview by Craig L. Foster and Newell G. Bringhurst, May 6, 2010.
263. Mark Timpson, interview by Craig L. Foster, August 9, 2011.
264. Ibid., 154–55. Also, Bringhurst and Foster, “1980s Schism within Fundamentalist Mormonism,” 328–29. Among themselves, this group, like other Fundamentalists, call themselves and their endeavors “The Work,” meaning the “Priesthood Work.”
265. Bringhurst and Foster, “1980s Schism within Fundamentalist Mormonism,” 333–34.
266. Ibid., 337.
267. M. Timpson, interview.
268. Bringhurst and Foster, “1980s Schism within Fundamentalist Mormonism,” 328.
269. John Nielsen, interview by Craig L. Foster and Marianne T. Watson, October 27, 2018.
270. “Excerpts from the Journal of David William Ward Jeffs, Father of our Prophet” as reprinted in Alta Academy Student Star 16, no. 12 (April 1994): 287–90. According to “A Brief History of the Life of Judson Tolman,” http://www.sedgewickresearch.com/tolman/jtolman.htm, accessed October 31, 2014. In October 1910, Tolman was excommunicated for “performing plural marriages, for marrying illegally himself, and for lying about it.” He was re-baptized into the LDS Church in February 1912 and died in July 1916, just short of his ninetieth birthday. For a lengthier discussion of Rulon and Warren Jeffs, see Bringhurst and Foster, “Rulon and Warren Jeffs,” 269–309.
271. “Rulon Timpson Jeffs,” Family Tree of FamilySearch.org, accessed August 18, 2016, https://familysearch.org/tree/#view=ancestor§ion=details&person=K2WT-131.
272. Jeffs, “Personal History,” 20–21.
273. Bringhurst and Foster, “Rulon and Warren Jeffs,” 281, 285.
274. Ibid., 287.
275. Ibid., 284–85.
276. Willie Jessop, interview by Newell G. Bringhurst and Craig L. Foster, March 29, 2013.
277. Brower, Prophet’s Prey, 52–53.
278. W. Jessop, interview.
279. Jethro Barlow, interview by Newell G. Bringhurst and Craig L. Foster, April 8, 2012.
280. Bringhurst and Foster, “Rulon and Warren Jeffs,” 291; “Anonymous,” interview by Newell G. Bringhurst and Craig L. Foster, August 8, 2010. Note that “Anonymous” still has family who are FLDS and is concerned about repercussions against family members.
281. Escobedo, “Warren Jeffs’ Son”; Collman, “Daughter of Polygamist Cult Leader.”
282. Donald Timpson, interview by Newell G. Bringhurst and Craig L. Foster, May 6, 2012.
283. Bringhurst and Foster, “Rulon and Warren Jeffs, 292.
284. Rebecca Musser, telephone interview by Craig L. Foster on May 11, 2013; Jethro Barlow, interview by Craig L. Foster and Newell G. Bringhurst, August 9, 2011, as quoted in Bringhurst and Foster, “Rulon and Warren Jeffs,” 302.
285. John Nielsen, email to Craig L. Foster, November 4, 2018. The email included attached “membership paper signed by Warren and his counselors in 2004, They [sic] church is listed as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Days Saints…Without the Fundamentalist.…BY [sic] this time Warren had the mindset that he was the true church and God wanted him to stop using the name FLDS.”
286. Bringhurst and Foster, “Rulon and Warren Jeffs,” 303.
287. W. Jessop, interview.
288. “Anonymous ex-FLDS,” interview by Craig L. Foster, November 7, 2014.
289. Bringhurst and Foster, “Rulon and Warren Jeffs,” 306–7.
290. Copies of Warren Steed Jeffs’ Priesthood Ordination certificate and Bishop’s Record provided courtesy of John Nielsen.
291. Perkins and Winslow, “Fugitive Polygamist Leader.”
292. Ibid.
293. “Polygamist Jeffs Tried to Hang Himself in Jail, Documents Say,” CNN, November 7, 2007, accessed August 29, 2016, http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/law/11/07/jeffs/index.html?eref=yahoo. There were two suicide attempts: once by banging his head against the wall, second by attempting to hang himself.
294. Visit to the Yearning For Zion Ranch and interview with Nick Hanna of the Texas Rangers, October 28, 2017, interview notes in possession of authors.
295. Bennion, “Many Faces of Polygamy,” 164.
296. This description is based on what one of the authors, Craig L. Foster, personally witnessed while visiting the office to conduct an interview on August 1, 2010.
297. David Jeffs, interview by Newell G. Bringhurst and Craig L. Foster, August 9, 2011.
298. Isaac Wyler, interview by Newell G. Bringhurst and Craig L. Foster, August 9, 2011.
299. James Zitting, interview by Newell G. Bringhurst and Craig L. Foster, July 26, 2013.
300. Anonymous uncle of Warren Jeffs, telephone interview by Craig L. Foster, September 16, 2015.
301. Lorin Holm, interview by Craig L. Foster, March 8, 2014.
302. O’Neill, “Witnesses.” In the latter half of the 1800s, the LDS Church created the United Order movement in which members willingly worked together to produce goods, grow crops and raise animals and then shared with one another, ensuring there would be no poor in the community. The communities were allowed to choose to what extent they would live communally. Some communities like Brigham City, Utah, were patterned more like a collective, with selected community ventures such as a woolen mill; other communities went much further in communal living, such as eating all meals together as a community. Probably the most extreme was Orderville, Utah, where people had all in common, even dressing alike. Some united orders were more successful than others. Most had ceased functioning by the 1890s. The FLDS united order, called the United Effort Plan, while taking the name of the earlier LDS experiment, did not follow the same pattern.
303. O’Neill, “Witnesses”; anonymous uncle of Warren Jeffs, interview (2015).
304. O’Neill, “Witnesses.”
305. Ferguson, “Tip Led to Lyle Jeffs’ Capture”; Carlisle, “Lyle Jeffs.”
306. Anonymous uncle of Warren Jeffs, interview (2015).
307. Benson, “About Utah.”
308. Carlisle, “Why Polygamists Are Leaving.”
309. Anonymous uncle of Warren Jeffs, telephone interview by Craig L. Foster, November 3, 2018. Warren Jeffs’s former favorite wife, Naomi Jessop, now resides with other wives of Warren’s in Merril Jessop’s Cedar City home. A confidential source expressed surprise about Warren’s exiling and punishing her this way inasmuch as she knows about his illicit activities. If she were to decide to talk, as a way of retaliation for her exile and punishment, she could reveal quite a lot.
310. Ibid.
311. Ibid.
312. Hollenhorst, “Sex Banned.”
313. Phil Mackert Jr., interview by Newell G. Bringhurst & Craig L. Foster, July 26, 2013.
314. O’Neill, “Witnesses.”
315. Anonymous uncle of Warren Jeffs, interview (2018).
316. Anonymous uncle of Warren Jeffs, interviews (2015, 2018).
317. Dowayne Barlow, interview by Craig L. Foster, July 3, 2017; text messaging between Dowayne Barlow and Craig L. Foster, November 9, 2018.
318. Notes taken by the authors at the July Fourth celebration, Colorado City, Arizona, July 2, 2016.
Chapter 9
319. Laforêt, “Ce Mormon,” 106–7.
320. Rayburn, “Green Says Charges Bogus.”
321. Cantera, “Green Bitter Over Verdict.”
322. “Utah Polygamist Convicted of Child Rape for Sex with Young Bride.” Billings Gazette, June 24, 2002, accessed August 26, 2017, http://billingsgazette.com/news/world/utah-polygamist-convictedof-child-rape-for-sex-with-young/article_052c8320-341d-539e-aeaafd313407492c.html.
323. Hyde, “Inside ‘The Order.’” This was one of a number of sources that mentioned DCCS members calling the group “The Order.”
324. A leader of the Latter Day Church of Christ, interview by Craig L. Foster, March 24, 2018, and typescript prepared by representatives of the Latter Day Church of Christ.
325. Ibid.
326. Ibid.
327. “The Kingston Clan: The Largest Sex Crime Organization in the United States of America,” www.thekingstonclan.com, accessed April 2, 2018. Please note that information about co-operative-owned businesses comes from a website critical of the Kingstons and that a DCCS representative said the list of businesses was inaccurate. As of July 2, 2018, the website no longer exists and is the property of a Bryan D. Nelson. However, the authors printed the list of businesses before they were taken down. Also, partial lists of the businesses may be found at “Escaping Polygamy: Support Young Girls and Boys,” Facebook.com, accessed July 2, 2018; Adams, “Kingston Inc.”
328. A leader of the Latter Day Church of Christ, interview by Craig L. Foster, March 24, 2018, and April 30, 2018, as well as typescript prepared by representatives of the Latter Day Church of Christ.
329. Ibid.; Carlisle, “New Website Targets Kingston”; Osmond, “Organizational Identification,” 20.
330. “Polygamy Suspects Flee, Davis Grand Jury Reports,” Ogden Standard-Examiner, September 23, 1959, 1B; “Judge Issues 30-Day Term to Davis Jury Witness,” Salt Lake Tribune, December 24, 1959, 22; “Davis Jurors Meet Today to Prepare Final Report,” Salt Lake Tribune, December 29, 1959, 20.
331. “Polygamy, Detention Homes Aired,” Sunday Herald, March 13, 1960, 2.
332. “Polygamist Is Convicted of Incest,” New York Times, June 4, 1999, accessed September 4, 2017, http://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/04/us/polygamist-is-convicted-of-incest.html.
333. “Incest Defines Kingstons: Ex-Member Speaks Out on the Multi-Million Dollar Empire,” HJNews.com, April 26, 1999, accessed September 4, 2017, http://news.hjnews.com/incest-defines-kingstonsex-member-speaks-out-on-the-multi/article_091108e7-6897-55c2-b804ed3c54c4c5de.html.
334. Anonymous leader of the Latter Day Church of Christ, interview by Craig L. Foster.
335. “Mary Ann Kingston Files Lawsuit Against Family,” CNN.com, August 29, 2003, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0308/29/se.05.html; Winslow, “Kingston Daughter’s Lawsuit”; Winslow, “Kingston Lawsuits Are Settled.”
336. Carlisle, “Girls in Polygamous Kingston Group.”
337. Ibid.
338. Carlisle, “Utah Investigated”; Carlisle, “Utah Attorney General.”
339. Miller, “State Wants to Seize $1M.”
340. Harkins, “Two Members of Polygamous Group”; Carlisle, “Suspects in Kingston Case”; Carlisle, “Brothers Accused.”
341. “Polygamist Church Bilked Woman, Judge Rules.” Deseret News, March 6, 2003, accessed September 4, 2017, http://www.deseretnews.com/article/968665/Polygamist-church-bilked-woman-judge-rules.html.
342. “Virginia HILL, Plaintiff, Appellant, and Cross-Appellee, v. ESTATE OF Owen A. ALLRED; Corporation of the Presiding Elder of the Apostolic United Brethren; J. LaMoine Jenson; Jenson Lumber Corporation, Inc.; and Estate of John C. Putvin, Defendants, Appellees, and Cross-Appellants, Dennis E. Matthews; Jeffrey J. Norman; James E. Sandmire; Diamond Auto Specialists, Inc.; Diamond Recreational Rentals, Inc.; Pacific Rim Mortgage and Loan Services, Inc.; Pacific Rim Mortgage Brokers, Inc.; Diamond Auto Body and Paint; Brisan Imports; and Last Resort Enterprises, Inc., Defendants and Appellee,” FindLaw for Legal Professionals, May 1, 2009, accessed September 4, 2017, http://caselaw.findlaw.com/ut-supreme-court/1132717.html.
343. Cantera and Vigh, “Elizabeth a ‘Plural Wife?’”; Dobner, “Manifesto Focuses on Plural Wives”; Bernick and Spangler, “Story Heightens Perceptions.”
344. Adams, “LDS Church Criticizes Media.”
345. Foster, “Separated but not Divorced,” 54. The article can also be accessed electronically at http://www.mormoninterpreter.com/separated-but-not-divorced-the-lds-churchs-uncomfortable-relationshipwith-its-polygamous-past.
346. Ibid., 74. Happily, in recent years, the Church of Jesus Christ has striven to help members and nonmembers alike understand its polygamous past by publishing gospel topics essays under the subject heading of “Plural Marriage in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,” found at https://www.lds.org/topics/plural-marriage-in-the-church-of-jesuschrist-of-latter-day-saints?lang=eng.
347. Batchelor, Watson and Wilde, Voices in Harmony.
348. Adams, “Polygamous Families Plan Rally.”
349. Winslow, “State Urged to Scrap Its Law.”
350. Adams, “Will the Polygamy Debate.”
351. Kody Brown, telephone interview by Craig L. Foster, October 26, 2018.
352. Ibid.
353. Ibid.; Dobner, “‘Sister Wives’ Family.”
354. Foster, “Modern Media Stereotyping,” 555, 557, 559. For a detailed discussion of media reaction to the Waddoups decision, see the above article, 555–60.
355. Ibid. These comments were made on Sunday, December 15, 2013, at the weekly church meeting of the AUB in Bluffdale, Utah. Notes in authors’ possession.
356. Dobner, “Appeals Court Strikes Down Ruling.”
357. Brown, interview; “Family Tree,” FamilySearch.org, accessed October 29, 2018. According to Family Tree, Matheson has at least three polygamous ancestors on his father’s side of the family tree.
358. Winslow, “U.S. Supreme Court Won’t Hear.”
359. Utah State Legislature, “Bigamy Offense Amendments,” by Representative Michael E. Noel, H.B. 99, 2017 General Session, Salt Lake City: Utah Legislature, 2017, accessed November 14, 2017, https://le.utah.gov/~2017/bills/static/HB0099.html.
360. Carlisle, “Utah Polygamists Unite”; Price, “Polygamous Families Protest Bigamy Law”; Lockhart, “We’re Not Going Away.’”
361. Carlisle, “Lawyer Contends Bigamy Bill.”
362. Mike Noel, interview by Craig L. Foster, February 10, 2017, notes in authors’ possession; Ritchey, “Bigamy Bill Brings Dueling Protests.”
363. Carlisle, “Utah Senator Pointed to His Daughter.”
364. Brown, interview.
365. Kyler Henderson, adult son of Kyle and Nicole Henderson, said the prosecutor offered a plea in abeyance deal with only a one-year probation because he said his case was falling apart when even their own expert witness agreed that Nicole’s bruising was inconsistent with abuse; Kyler Henderson, interview by Marianne T. Watson, February 10, 2019; Weeser, “Family of Spiritual Bigamist Defends”; Carlisle, “Jury Acquits Man.”
366. McCombs, “Woman on ‘My Five Wives’ Accuses Father”; Carlisle, “Utah Polygamous Church Investigating Molestation.”
367. “Star of ‘My Five Wives’ Claims She was Molested by Her Polygamist Father as a Child in Attempt to Take On “Cover-Ups’ in Rural Utah Communities.” Daily Mail, November 23, 2014, accessed November 24, 2014, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2845810/Woman-reality-Five-Wives-claimsmolested-group-leader-polygamist-father-12-years-old.html; Carlisle, “Sex Abuse Allegations.”
368. Barrett, “Mt. Pleasant Subdivision Causes Controversy.”
369. Driggs, “Imprisonment, Defiance, and Division,” 72.
370. “Louis Alma Kelsch,” MormonFundamentalism.com, accessed November 20, 2018, http://www.mormonfundamentalism.com/archive/ChartLinks/LouisAlmaKelsch.htm.
371. “Author Ogden Kraut, 75, Dies,” Deseret News, July 21, 2002, accessed November 20, 2018, https://www.deseretnews.com/article/926667/Author-Ogden-Kraut-75-dies.html; “Ogden W. Kraut,” Legacy.com, accessed November 20, 2018, http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/deseretnews/obituary.aspx?n=ogden-w-kraut&pid=408769.
372. Alan Taylor, “Polygamists in ‘The Rock’”; Adams, “Fearing Doomsday.”
373. Enoch Foster, interview by Craig L. Foster and Marianne Watson, July 21, 2017.
374. Ibid.
375. Carlisle, “Polygamists’ Son.”
Chapter 10
376. Many Fundamentalists have Mormon pioneer ancestors, including handcart pioneers, who crossed the plains to Utah. For a discussion about these early church members, particularly those who also lived polygamy, see Watson, “Polygamous Ancestry of Contemporary Fundamentalist Mormons,” 434–71. According to several emails and telephone interviews with trek youth and leaders, the experience was positive. As they are accustomed to being misjudged and negatively treated by members of mainstream society, including many LDS Church members, a rumor spread among some AUB youth that the Mormon youth and their leaders didn’t want any contact with the Fundamentalist group. However, AUB adults said the LDS leaders had been very friendly and accommodating. LDS youth leaders actually invited the AUB youth leaders to have their group join their camp one night to hear a program of historical narrations. The invitation was greatly appreciated but declined due to the logistics and safety of getting over five hundred youth to and from the other camp in the dark. Those aware of the friendly and generous invitation were genuinely touched by this demonstration of cooperation and respect.
377. Holland, “That Our Children May Know.”
378. Anonymous Fundamentalist teen sisters, interview by Craig L. Foster, October 5, 2016.
379. Anonymous Fundamentalist teen sisters, interview by Craig L. Foster, September 9, 2018.
380. Word, Letters to Sarah, 52, 53, 64, and 71.
381. [Priesthood Council members], AUB Priesthood Conference, September 23, 2018. Notes in possession of authors.
382. Batchelor, Watson and Wilde, Voices in Harmony, 89.
383. Evelyn Jessop Thompson, telephone interview, September 7, 2018.
384. Personal knowledge of author, Marianne T. Watson, as related on September 7, 2018.
385. Anonymous Rocky Ridge woman, interview by Craig L. Foster, September 9, 2018.
386. Anonymous AUB woman, telephone interview by Craig L. Foster, September 15, 2018.
387. Watson, “Polygamous Ancestry of Contemporary Fundamentalist Mormons,” 434–35.
388. Word, Letters to Sarah, 112.
389. Grossman and Friedman, “Is Three Still a Crowd?.”
390. Berry, “Sister Wives and the Slippery Slope.”
391. Deboer, “It’s Time to Legalize Polygamy.”
392. McDermott and Hudson, “Don’t Legalize Polygamy”; “Hey, It’s 2015. Polygamy Isn’t OK Anymore, Anywhere,” Arizona Republic, accessed May 12, 2015, https://www.azcentral.com/story/opinion/editorial/2015/05/12/polygamous-towns-remain-affrontjustice/27199241; Rauch, “No, Polygamy Isn’t.”
393. “Marie,” a member of the Righteous Branch, interview by Craig L. Foster, September 1, 2018.
394. Batchelor, Watson and Wilde, Voices in Harmony, 229.
395. Anonymous, interview by Marianne T. Watson, June 2008.
396. Driggs, “Guide to Old Fashioned (Fundamentalist) Mormonism.”
397. Laurtizen, Hidden Flowers, 103.
398. Enoch Foster, interview by Craig L. Foster and Marianne Watson, July 21, 2017.
399. “Moral Acceptance of Polygamy at Record High—But Why?,” Gallup News, July 28, 2017, accessed July 30, 2017, http://news.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/214601/moral-acceptance-polygamy-recordhigh-why.aspx.
400. Reiss, “Polygamy’s Becoming More Acceptable.”
401. For a discussion of the difficult relationship between the LDS Church and Fundamentalist Mormons, see Foster, “Separated but not Divorced.”
402. Bradley, Kidnapped from that Land, 39; Sunday sermon by “AUB Priesthood Council member,” November 11, 2018.
403. Anonymous AUB woman, interview by Craig L. Foster, September 15, 2018; sister-wife of first woman, interview, September 21, 2018.
404. Batchelor, Watson and Wilde, Voices in Harmony, 79, 82 and 97.
405. Jessop, Journal and Other Personal Papers, 170.
406. Batchelor, Watson and Wilde, Voices in Harmony, 79, 83, 219.