The Handbook of Conflict Resolution

A

Abraham Fund for Jewish-Arab Coexistence
Abu Sayyaf Group (Philippines)
Accountability: BSA-LGBTA community conflict and; creating complementary processes to address postagreement; integration-adaptation model on strategies for; multiculturalism conflict management; potential trade-offs between inclusion during conflict phases and; as remedy for bias
Accuracy: BSA-LGBTA community conflict and; individual level of reading multiculturalism situations; integration-adaptation model on strategies for; negotiation motivation; organizational level of reading multiculturalism situations; processing motivation
Acknowledgment of suffering
Action evaluation research initiative
Action science: to examine gap between stated and realistic behavior; mapping possible set of causal links in Sue’s case; sexual harassment in the workplace map using
Actions: bungling; effective; substitutability of; three types of nonviolent
Active unconscious
Acts of protest. See also Nonviolent struggle
Adaptivity: BSA-LGBTA community conflict and; individual level of reading multiculturalism situations; integration-adaptation model on strategies for; organizational level of reading multiculturalism situations
Administrative Dispute Resolution Act (1990)
Adolescence development: educators for social responsibility and; raising inclusively caring children with moral courage; role of conflict in; stage theories of
Adult learning theory: action science, experiential learning, and reflection contributions to; Dewey’s learning from experience contribution to; Mezirow’s critical reflection and “habits of mind” contribution to
Adulthood development: conflict coaching for the individual; on conflict resolution skills; fifth-order consciousness; fourth-order consciousness; role of conflict in
AEIOU communication behavior
Afghanistan War
Aggression: bullying; defining; implications for practice related to interventions for; nonviolent vs. violent responses to; sometimes confused with assertion; structural violence and; violence and resistance response to. See also Violence
Aggression interventions: conflict resolution programs to change behavior; deescalation; perspective taking; self-reflection
Aggression theories: aggression and violence as frustration; biological; cultural theories of aggression and violence; moral theories on aggression and violence; personality; social learning and behavior
Agreeableness personality dimension
Agreement Circumplex: dimensions of the subtypes; eight basic types of products in the; illustrated diagram of; main types of agreements
Agreements. See Integrative agreements
Airplane hijackings
Al Qaeda
Alcoholics Anonymous
Algerian colonization era
Allocation biases: egocentrism and fairness; reactive devaluation
Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) systems
Alternatives to Violence Project
Altruism born of suffering
Americans for Indian Opportunity
AmericaSpeaks
Amygdala: emotions and the role of; hot reactions of the
Analogical reasoning
Analogy learning
Anchoring: as cognitive bias; description of
Anger-conflict interactions
The Angry Roommates study
Anterior cingulate (ACC)
Anxiety: intrapsychic conflict and; safety needs to be free from
Apartheid (South Africa)
Applied linguistics (AL)
Applied peace linguistics (APL): appreciative inquiry (AI) use of; constructive communication using; description of; implications for education by; nonviolent communication contribution of; nonviolent communication research using; powerful nondefensive communication using; rise of nonkilling linguistics from
Appreciative inquiry (AI): description of; research on conflict resolution and
Appreciative Inquiry Summit
AQIM
Al-Aqsa Martyrs brigades (Palestinian nationalist movement)
Arab-Israeli conflict. See Israel-Palestinian conflict
Argentina: blanket pardons for perpetrators of the disappearances in; Nunca Mas report (1986) on disappearances in
Armenia-Azaerbaijan conflict (1994)
The Art and Science of Love (ASL)
The Art of Powerful Non-Defensive Communication (Ellison)
Arts-based conflict resolution approaches
Arusha Accord
Assertion
Assertiveness of mediators
Attack conflict resolution strategy
Attitude change: constructive controversy benefit of positive; humanizing and developing positive orientation of the other; psychological factors affecting the. See also Perspective taking
Attitudes (cathexis): cooperation-competition theory on role of; definition of; pathologies of
Attribution theory
Authoritarianism
Authority (BART system)
Avoidance
Avoidance conflict resolution strategy
Awareness: BSA-LGBTA community conflict and; individual level of multiculturalism; integration-adaptation model on strategies for; organizational level of multiculturalism

B

“Bargaining in the shadow of the law” phenomenon
BART system: Case of Pink Power using the; components of; joining Well’s taxonomy of group conflict with
BATNAs (best alternative to a negotiated agreement): attribution error during; dealing with power differences through use of; defining the; developing autonomy through; reaching a settlement. See also Outcomes; Solutions
Beckhard’s managing planned change model
Behavior: malignant social processes and; mediator; normalization of hostility and violence; regulated by feedback loops; role of framing in moral; scope of justice influence on
Behavior change: conflict resolution programs to; self-reflection used for. See also Change process; Perspective taking
Belongingness and love needs
Berlin Wall fall (1989)
Betrayal process
Biased punctuation of conflict
Biases: of cognition; definition of; systematic processing and sources of. See also Negotiator bias
Biological theories of aggression and violence
Bisexuals. See LGBTQ community
Black Stone of Mecca story
“Black widows” suicide terrorists
Blaming communication
Blind Trust (Volkan)
Bonn Agreement (2002)
Bottom-up power
Boy Scouts of America (BSA): accountability and the; background information on; I-AM used to examine LGBTQ community conflict with; “Open Letter to America’s Families” sent out by
Boycotts. See also Nonviolent struggle
Boycotts and the Labor Struggle (Laidler)
Brain: amygdala of the; anterior cingulate (ACC) of the; orbital frontal cortex of the; self-regulation and hot reactions of the emotional; ventromedial frontal cortex (VMFC) of the
Bridging Cultural Conflicts (LeBaron)
Bridging solutions
Bringing Baby home (BBH) workshop
Bringing Peace into the Room (Bowling and Hoffman)
Broaden-and-build model
Brooklyn Friends School (BFS)
Brown v. Board of Education
Bullying
Bungling actions
Burton’s human needs theory

C

Calculus-based distrust (CBD): characterizing relationships based on; description of; strategies to manage
Calculus-based trust (CBT): actions that build; characterizing relationships based on; Chutes and Ladders game as metaphor for; description and formation of; managing violations of; repairing; required for creating trust in a relationship
Caring justice framework
Catalyst
Cathexis. See Attitudes (cathexis)
Causal modeling
Center for Cognitive Liberties
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Change agents: conflict resolution practitioners developing skills as; fostering commitment of; generating motivation; identifying and handling resistance
Change process: for changing collective memories and toward shared views of history; considering the relationship between conflict and; context of intractable conflicts bringing instability and; coordinating attention to short-term violence and long-term structural changes; implications for training; nonviolent struggle to bring about; psychological factors affecting the; theoretical conceptions of the. See also Behavior change
Change process factors: gaining commitment; motivation and unfreezing; movement and resistance
Change process theory: Beckhard’s model for managing planned change; Lewin’s unfreezing framework
Change resistance: additional factors which may increase; change agent’s role in identifying and handling; conflict and; constructively handling; movement stalled by; when movement overwhelms
Checkpoint Watch (Keshet)
“Chicken game” negotiation
Childhood development: during adolescence; ECSEL Program curriculum on; educators for social responsibility and development of adolescents and; function of conflict in early; during middle childhood; raising inclusively caring children with moral courage; self-control and discipline; social-emotional learning as part of; stages of development theory on; traditional assumptions about the end of
Childhood development stages: egocentric, impulsive stage; egocentric orientation; Kohlberg moral development; neuroscientific contributions to; Piaget’s social cognitive approach to; post-Piagetian theories on; properational
China: cooperation-competition theory used to examine conflict in; leadership in the hierarchical society of
Chinese cooperation-competitive studies: cooperation, open-minded discussion, and effectiveness experiments; cooperation, open-minded discussion, and effectiveness surveys in Chinese organizations; cooperative conflict between organizations; cross-cultural; developing conflict resolution theory through the; findings on Chinese values for conflict management in China; research methods used during
Chinese society: antecedents to cooperative goals in; becoming a cooperative conflict team in context of; competition and conflict avoidance in; confirming that cooperation-competition theory is appropriate to study; cooperative conflict for cross-cultural teamwork in; differences between Western and; guanxi (relation system) of; leadership in the hierarchical; responsiveness to goal interdependence in
Civil disobedience. See also Nonviolent struggles
Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)
Classrooms. See Schools
Coaches: as catalysts for learning through reflection; receiving conflict coaching by
Coaching: conflict; “Emotion-Coaching” (Gottman lab); learning through reflection; organizational mediation with leadership
Codex
Cognition biases: anchoring; decision fatigue; fixed-pie perception; framing
Cognitive orientation
Cognitive reasoning
Cohesiveness: groupthink driven by; as source of intergroup conflict
Coleman Raider “Bare-Bones” Model of Stages of Negotiation
Coleman Raider Filter Check Model
Coleman Raider Mediation Model
Coleman Raider Negotiation Planning Form: A Community Dialogue
Coleman Raider Reframing Formula
Coleman Raider Resolution Continuum
Collaboration: comparing individual creative solutions with; egg drop exercise on creative; large group intervention methods for embedding new patterns of; negotiation culture for
Collaborative inquiry project
Collective memories
Columbia: FARC (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Columbia) violence in; guerrilla war (1960s to 2007) in; human rights and negotiations agendas in; peace-building efforts in
Columbine High School massacre
Commemorations for healing
Commission of the African Union (AU)
Commitment: ability to forgive dependent on relationship; change process and gaining; fostering change agent’s
Communication: AEIOU communication behavior; of conflict resolution research findings; constructive communication (CC) approach to; cooperation-competition theory on; cosmopolitan communicative virtuosity of; creating new social worlds made from dialogic; dialogic paradigm of; elements of the process of; encoding-decoding paradigm of; establishing supportive conditions for; form versus substance of; interntionalist paradigm of; peace linguistics; perspective-taking paradigm of; “silent seething”; universal acknowledgement on importance of; war model of. See also Dialogue; Messages
Communication problems: during conflict; medium as remedy for bias; preventing and overcoming; unwanted repetitive patterns (URPs)
Communication process elements: context; culture; meaning making through relationship; other; self
Communicaty Leadership Center (CLC)
“Community game”
Comparative case analysis: framework for; of interactive conflict resolution
Compensation (nonspecific) solution
Competition: Chinese cultural studies on avoidance of conflict and; constructive and destructive; cooperation-competition theory on effects of; democratic governance and fair; initiating; situational model of power and conflict and role of
Competitive orientation: comparing cooperative and; as source of integrative negotiation impasse
Complementary movement
Comprehensive Peer Mediation Evaluation Project (CPMEP)
CompStat’s New York City Police Department project
Concurrence seeking: constructive controversy theory on process of; description of; structuring; theoretical assumptions for creating outcomes through
Con-div group dynamic: conflict management process and role of; description of the; during Iraq War
Conference Model
Confidence: confidence/warmth-conflict interactions; social learning theory on
Conflict: Anxiety and intrapsychic; biased punctuation of; change process relationship to; communication problems during; within the conflict resolution field; constructive controversy type of; couples’; creativity coming out of; development function of; escalation of; exaggeration of; “false”; implications of cooperation-competition theory for understanding; injustice as the source and during course of; interaction between emotions and; intergroup; internal; interpersonal; interrelatedness between culture and; intractable; language used to describe; linguistics of; mapping dynamic ecology of peace and; multiculturalism context of; oppression and; origins and nature of; over defining what is just; positive consequences of; principles of power-conflict dynamics; PSDM model phase of diagnosing the type of; relationship issues included in; role of personality in; self-fulfilling prophecies of; situated model of power and conflict; social network; strategic choice theory on; stress response to; theorizing about the positive aspects of; “waging good conflict”
Conflict across Cultures (LeBaron and Pillay)
Conflict coaching
Conflict Intelligence: Harnessing the Power of Conflict and Influence (Coleman and Ferguson)
Conflict management: using fair rules for; measures of conflict style used for; of trust and distrust. See also Conflict resolution
Conflict mapping: Mozambique conflict and peace process; useful for identifying aspects of social systems
Conflict resolution: as collaborative effort; conflict within the field of; cooperation-competition theory implications for; direct social psychological approaches to; encouraging innovation in; examining interconnectedness of peace, language, and; gender differences and; global cooperative interdependence challenge for; implications of applied peace linguistics to; importance of point of view in; indigenous knowledge and practice for; indirect social psychological approaches to; intergroup conflict intractability and resistance to; intractability as powerful psychological barrier to; learning to learn about; multiple motives for; neuroscience as a resource for; overcoming judgmental biases in; persuasion during; PSDM model of; readiness for; situation versus personality influence on; task-oriented learning-mastery orientation toward; training for inventing solutions for. See also Conflict management
Conflict resolution education: about conflict and conflict resolution; ICCCR’s role and commitment to; implications of peaceful language for; language in peace-building teacher education
Conflict resolution initiatives (CRIs): action research on; basic research questions on; consumer research on; developmental research on; evaluation of; examining; field research on
Conflict resolution initiatives (CRIs) research: audiences for; different types of; for evaluating CRIs; strategies used for
Conflict resolution motives: accuracy motivation; defense motivation; impression motivation; social motivation
Conflict Resolution Network (CRN)
Conflict resolution practitioners: change process implications for; cooperation-competition theory implications for; CRIs research implications for; cultural fluency implications for; developing change agent skills; implications of multiple motives of conflict resolution for; knowledge of systematic forms of injustice in society; situated model of power and conflict implications for; workshop for teaching conflict resolution skills to
Conflict resolution programs: diagnosis of the problem; ethical difficulties; evaluation; intervention. See also specific program
Conflict resolution research: applying findings of; audiences for; case studies: emic, qualitative; case studies: etic, quantitative; communicating findings of; on conflict resolution initiatives (CRIs); Gottman lab on marriage and divorce; growing interest and trends in; learning gains from; recent findings on negotiation
Conflict resolution research audiences: executives and administrators; funding agencies; practitioners; researchers
Conflict resolution research strategies: Appreciative inquiry (AI); causal modeling; experience surveys; experimental and quasi-experimental; learning by analogy; survey research; time series analysis
Conflict resolution research types: action research; basic research; consumer research; developmental research; field research
Conflict resolution skills: adolescence development of; adulthood; childhood development of; childhood peer relationships that teach; developing change agent; development function of conflict for teaching; ECSEL Program curriculum to teach; middle childhood development of; self-control; workshop for learning
Conflict resolution strategies: for addressing aggression and violence; arts-based approaches and; attack; avoidance; contending; naive; neuroscience to understand process of conflict; personality influence on; self-affirmation; situation versus personality influence on; social network role in. See also Negotiation strategies
Conflict Resolution: Strategies for Collaborative Problem Solving workshop: AEIOU communication behavior; AEIOU communication behavior taught during; attitude objectives of the; case study examples on the effectiveness of the; Coleman Raider “Bare-Bones” Model of Stages of Negotiation; Coleman Raider Filter Check Model; Coleman Raider Mediation Model; Coleman Raider Negotiation Planning Form: A Community Dialogue; Coleman Raider Reframing Formula; Coleman Raider Resolution Continuum; knowledge objectives of the; overview of the; seven workshop modules of the; skills objectives of the
Conflict resolution training: for addressing aggression and violence; change process implications for; cooperation-competition theory implications for; cultural fluency implications for; Dynamical Systems Theory (DST) implications for; enlarging the scope of one’s moral community; on forgiveness and reconciliation; implications of multiple motives for; to increase empathy; intergroup conflict; on inventing solutions; justice and conflict interactions and implications for; knowledge of systematic forms of injustice in society; mediation implications for; PSDM model of conflict resolution implications for; research on Chinese cooperative conflict team; situated model of power and conflict implications for; substantive content of; workshop for teaching conflict resolution skills. See also Mediators
Conflict resolution workshop: the Coleman Raider design for; insights from practice for teaching a
Conflict situations: conflict resolution influenced by personality vs.; constructive controversy; managing trust and distrust in; PSDM model process applied to. See also Social situations
Conflict Style Inventory
Conflict symbolism
Conquest of Violence (Bondurant)
Conscientiousness personality dimension
Conscientization
Constructive communication (CC): how to writing constructively; for interacting positively; research on
Constructive competition
Constructive conflict resolution: reframing; values underlying
Constructive controversy: benefits of; concurrence seeking, debate, and individualist learning during; conditions determining the constructiveness of; deliberate discourse for; democracy and role of; description of; gender preference when choosing a strategy for; processes of interaction during; structuring
Constructive controversy benefits: attitude change about the issue; changed attitudes toward controversy and decision making; cognitive reasoning; creativity; enhancing self-esteem; improved decision making, problem solving, and learning; interpersonal attraction and support among participants; motivation to improve understanding; perspective taking
Constructive controversy processes: concurrence seeking; theoretical assumptions of
Constructive controversy requirements: cooperative goal structure; rational argument; skilled disagreement
Constructive controversy theory: on controversy and concurrence seeking processes; on structuring the situation
Contact hypothesis
Contending conflict resolution strategy
Context: consideration of dialogue; cooperative; dialogue thought of as; as element of communication
Contextual mediator interventions
Contingent mediation
Contract negotiation: examining gender differences in; self-construals during; social role expectations during; social roles and context during
Control and defense mechanisms
Controversy: constructive; theory of
Cooperation: adolescence development of; cooperation-competition theory on effects of; cooperation-competition theory on norms of; four Fs (firm, fair, flexible, and friendly) approach to; global cooperative interdependence; gradual development of mutual trust and; initiating; middle childhood development of; pathologies of; principles for establishing reconciliation; situational model of power and conflict and role of; social perspective; two main reasons for refusing; what to do when other side rejects
Cooperation strategies: moral values appeal; self-actualization appeal; self-interest appeal
Cooperation-competition theory: applied to China; on effects of cooperation-competition; implications for managing conflict; implications for understanding conflict; on positive or negative goal interdependence; on social psychological processes
Cooperation-competition theory implications: importance of cooperative orientation; for managing conflict; on norms of cooperation; reframing constructive conflict resolution; on social context of application; on social context of learning; for training; on values underlying constructive conflict resolution
Cooperative conflict teams: Chinese cultural studies on; for cross-cultural teamwork; research on training for
Cooperative context: description of; structuring concurrence seeking by establishing
Cooperative Home Care Association (CHCA)
Cooperative orientation: comparing competitive and; cooperation-competition theory on importance of
Cosmopolitan communicative virtuosity
Cost cutting solution
Council on Foreign Relations
Counterphobic defenses
Couples’ conflict intervention: challenges involved in; stage 1: discovery of reliable patterns of interaction; stage 2: prediction and the replication of the predication; stage 3: theory building, understanding, and prevention and intervention; study of gay and lesbian couples; summary of effectiveness evidence for prevention and
Couples’ interactions scoring system (CISS)
Couples Together Against Violence (CTAV)
Creative Response to Conflict (CRC)
Creative solutions: ability to see other’s point of view; developing novel point of view; egg drop exercise; encouraging conflict resolution innovation and; general guidelines for developing; individual compared to collaborative; playfulness as part of the process; techniques for stimulating novel ideas for; time required to develop
Creative solutions guidelines: adequately define the problem; challenge the myths about creativity; develop a serious but playful atmosphere; foster confidence to take risks; foster optimal tension; have appropriately phased divergent and convergent thinking; use time and space arrangements to prepare creative oasis
Creativity: conflict resolution through efforts of; constructive controversy facilitation of; encouraging conflict resolution innovation and; evolving systems approach to conflict resolution; play ethic and; resulting from conflict; shadow box experiments; techniques for stimulating; time and irreality of
Creativity in conflict perspectives: creative products from creative persons in a creative process; creative products of integrative agreements; integrative agreement as creativity; overview of the person, process, and product
Criminal terrorist groups
Critical reflection
Crude Law of Social Relations
Cuban missile crisis
Cultural differences: aggression and violence responses to; Chinese vs. Western; Coleman Raider Filter Check Model on; negotiation bias related to; perception of fairness and; readiness for conflict resolution and issues of
Cultural fluency: building; capacities enhanced by; conflict and conflict resolution context of; description of; elements of cultural intelligence (CQ) related to; implications for conflict resolution pedagogy; implications for theory and practice; meaning-making processes and; neuroscience to better understand
Cultural framing of dialogue
Cultural imperialism: cultural reconstruction of “differences” under; definition of; double identity of culturally dominated groups under
Cultural intelligence (CQ): definition of; four elements related to cultural fluency
Cultural theories of aggression and violence
Culture: collaborative negotiation; comparing multiculturalism and; cooperation-competitive studies of Chinese; defining; as element of the communication process; human security by increasing cultural diversity; interrelatedness between conflict and; justice sustained by peaceful; power distance dimension of; of terrorist groups
Cyberbullying
Cycles of humiliation

D

Dayton Accords (1995)
The Decent Society (Margalit)
Decision fatigue
Decision makers: groups as; individual as
Decision making: constructive controversy and improved attitudes toward; constructive controversy and improved quality; PSDM model integrating problem solving and; destabilizing through dynamic adaptivity of; risk of; structuring constructive controversy for. See also Group decision making
Deep structure of power relations
Deescalation strategies
Defense and control mechanisms
Defense motivation of conflict resolution
Defense processing motivation
Delay of gratification
Deliberate discourse
Democracy/democracies: civil disobedience role in; conflict resolution techniques rooted in goals of; constructive controversy role in; historic evidence on willingness to negotiate with terrorism; power of constructive conflict as driving; reconciliation role played by fair institutions of; respect and recognition concepts of
Denial
Destructive competition
Deutsch’s Crude Law of Social Relations
Development: adolescence; adulthood; ECSEL Program curriculum on childhood; function of conflict in early childhood; middle childhood; reinvent understanding on the continuing state of; self-control and discipline during childhood; social-emotional learning as part of; stages of development theory on
Dewey’s learning from experience
Dialogic communication: stage 1: preparation; stage 2: in the moment; stage 3: reflection
Dialogic paradigm of communication: on focusing on establishing conditions for communication; overview of
Dialogue: additional uses of; approaching communication through; Buberian; consideration as relationship, event, or context; creating new social worlds made from; different meanings of; having a dialogue form of; I-It relationships expressed in; I-Thou relationships expressed in; preventing and overcoming problems in communication during; problems in communication during conflict; as techniques used to create space for co-inquiry. See also Communication; Information processing
Dialogue processes: Public Conversations Project (PCP); sustained dialogue; world Café
Dictionary of Conflict Resolution (Yarn)
Dictionary of Power and Struggle (Sharp)
Difficult personality parties
Dignism
Dirty Harry (film)
Dirty tricks
Disadvantage group deprivation
Displacement: description of; pain of
Disposition (personality)
Distributive injustice: definition of; training to recognize
Distributive justice: definition of; equity, equality, and need principles of; theory of relative deprivation on
Distrust: calculus-based distrust (CBD); fundamental difference between trust and; identification-based distrust (IBD); relationships as containing elements of both trust and
Diversity: Brooklyn Friends School (BFS) use of psychoeducation to promote; human security by increasing cultural; unity-in-diversity identity
Divide-and-choose approach
Divorce: “four horsemen of the apocalypse” predictors of; mediation for; ratio of positive to negative SPAFF codes predictor of; summary of effectiveness evidence for prevention of. See also Domestic violence; Marriage
Domain theory
Domestic chastisement
Domestic violence: Gottman lab work on; how emotions interaction with; as largely underreported. See also Divorce; Violence
Domestic violence-emotions interaction: fear of humiliation in; role of anger in; role of fear in; role of guilt in; scenarios tracing the
Dominance legacy
Dominator model of society
Double-swing model
Dream Act
Dreams-within-conflict blueprint
Dual concern models
Dynamic network theory
Dynamical Systems Theory (DST): guidelines for altering the attractor landscapes of intractable conflicts; implications for conflict resolution training; overview of the
Dynamic network intelligence (DNI)

E

Economic Community of West African States
Economic justice: framework for implementing; reconciliation and role of
Economic justice framework: description of; politics of deserving
ECSEL (Peaceful Kids Educating Communities in Social-Emotional Learning) Program
Effective actions
Efficacy: competencies required for; social learning theory on
Egalization
Egg drop exercise
Egoistical deprivation
Elias Castro School of Excellence
Emic conflict resolution research: methodologies used in; single case studies on qualitative; time series analysis: quantitative/qualitative
Emotional management: broaden-and-build model on positive; cosmopolitan communication virtuosity for; importance of learning; task-oriented learning-mastery orientation of. See also Social-emotional learning
“Emotion-Coaching” (Gottman lab)
Emotions: anger and hatred; Colman Raider workshop on dealing with anger and other; communication problems related to conflict and; confidence and warmth; dynamic network theory on social network spread of; fear; guilt; hot to intervene in conflict and manage; humiliation; interaction between conflict and; intractable conflict processes and; mirror neurons and; nature of; reflection role on affect and; three functions of; trust built from; understanding the power of
Empathic listening
Empathy: conflict role in childhood development of; gender differences in; listening with; training to increase
Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)
Employees: organizational transformation for inclusion of; Praxis Consulting Group addressing inequality of; restaurant
Encoding-decoding paradigm of communication
Enga of Papua New Guinea
Entrapment
Environmental power: culture; deep structure; description of; hierarchy; inequitable opportunity structures; legitimizing myths; roles
Epistemic curiosity
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Equality principle
Equality Trust: description of the; promoting policies designed to reduce inequality gaps
Equity distribution principle
Equity principle
Erikson’s psychosocial stages in development
Escalation: bilateral sequences of; as control and defense mechanism; description of; intergroup conflict and; interpersonal conflict; sequences of unilateral
ETA (Spain)
Ethical dilemmas (conflict resolution)
Etic conflict resolution research: case analysis: quantitative; methodologies used in; structured focused comparison (SFC) qualitative
Evaluating conflict resolution initiatives (CRIs): action evaluation research initiative for; Comprehensive Peer Mediation Evaluation Project (CPMEP); framework for comparative case analysis; Negotiation Evaluation Survey (NES) for; process evaluation of intergroup encounter interventions; research on
Exclusion: intractable conflict and role of; moral
Expanding the pie solution
Experience: coaches and facilitators as catalysts for reflection on; Dewey’s learning from; informal and incidental learning model for reflection on; Mezirow’s “habits of mind” and critical reflection on
Experience surveys
Experiential learning, theorists of
Experimental research
Extraversion personality dimension

F

Facebook
Facial affect coding system (FACS)
Facilitators. See Mediators
Fairness: cultural differences on how to perceive; egocentrism and allocation bias of; group decision making and interpretations of. See also Justice
Fall prevention negotiation
Fallibility: definition of; as underlying constructive conflict resolution value
“False conflict”
FARC (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Columbia) [Colombia]
Fear: of future humiliation; interactions between conflict and
Feedback: Murray’s need theory of personality on need for; negotiation bias remedy through
Feedback mapping: Mozambique conflict and peace process; useful for understanding social systems
Female genital cutting
First Nations (British Columbia)
Fishbowl theory on hostage negotiation
501(c)(3) organizations
Five-factor model (FFM): on adult personality; examining conflict resolution using the; personality facet scales of the
Fixed-pie perception
Flexible attention deployment
Flexible thinking
Forgiveness: acknowledgment of suffering as part of; commitment to relationship impact on; many meanings of; power of private; as providing relief to those with PTSD; psychological spiritual healing through; reconciliation process moving toward; training to facilitate reconciliation and; treatment of PTSD role in. See also Victims/survivors
Four Fs (firm, fair, flexible, and friendly)
“Four horsemen of the apocalypse” divorce predictors
Framing: as cognitive bias; communication problems related to; cooperation-competition theory on constructive conflict resolution; dialogic communication preparation of cultural; how to improve women’s negotiation outcomes through; Iraq War decision making; moral behavior and role of
Fraternal deprivation
Free press rights
Freudian stages of development theory
Frustration: aggression and violence as consequence of; comparing injustice to; description of; as sense of deprivation and injustice
Funding agencies
Future Search

G

Gacaca (community justice process)
Gamaa al Islamiyya
Gays. See LGBTQ community
Gender: choosing a conflict resolution strategy and influence of; definition of. See also Sex
Gender differences: conflict resolution and; in empathy; evaluating and adapting conflict resolution style; negotiating boundaries and; negotiating contracts and; negotiation implications and applications; network access and; questions on negotiation not yet answered; self-construal and social role expectations and; social dominance orientation (SDO) and; strategies to improve outcomes for women. See also Men; women
Gender roles: conflict resolution style and; self-construal and expectations of
Gender wage gap: negotiating contracts; persistence of the
General Accounting Office (US)
General Electric
The General Strike (Crooks)
General System Theory (von Bertalannfy)
Geneva Conventions
Genocide: Holocaust; Rwandan (1994); Serbian ethnic cleansing. See also War
Georgetown University’s Institute for the Study of Diplomacy
Getting to Yes (Fisher and Ury)
Gewaltfrier Aufstand (Ebert)
Global conflict resolution: global justice burden of; lessons from indigenous societies for
Global cooperative interdependence
Globegalization
Goal interdependence: Chinese cultural studies on responsiveness to; positive or negative; situational model of power and conflict and
Goals: antecedents to cooperative goals in Chinese society; constructive controversy requirement of cooperative; dynamic network theory on working together to reach common; group decision making for progress toward; self-regulation role in the pursuit of; of terrorist groups
“Good conflict”
Good Friday Agreement (GFA, 1998) [Northern Ireland]
Google+
Gottman Couples theory
Gottman lab: Bringing Baby home (BBH) workshop; Couples Together Against Violence (CTAV); discovery of reliable patterns of material interaction; “Emotion-Coaching”; Gottman Couples theory; intervention and prevention studies; Loving Couples Loving Children (LCLC); prediction and the replication of the predication work by; Sound Relationship House theory (SRH); study of gay and lesbian couples by; summary of evidence for intervention/prevention; trust and betrayal theory. See also Marriage
Gottman-Rapoport conflict blueprint
Gottmans’ conflict blueprints
Great October Strike (1905)
Greek-Turkish conflict. See Turkish-Greek conflict
Group boundaries: BART system on; definition and function of
Group conflict: BART system of; destructive process of; diagnostic framework of; evolution of intense violence from; examining the Pink Power organization case of; Lewin’s research on; Wells’s model of
Group decision making: behavioral; con-div group dynamic of; during conflict of War in Iraq; constructive controversy procedures for; interpretations of fairness during; Iraq War; large group intervention methods for; Native American value of consensus; polythink; power imbalance in; PSDM model on conflict resolution; purpose of; restabilizing through dynamic adaptivity of. See also Decision making
Group identity: description and types of; intractable conflict and oppositional; promoting open-minded processing about
Group relations: brief history of research on group dynamics and; large group intervention methods
Group roles: BART system on; description of
Groupthink: characteristics of; cohesiveness driving; conflict management process and role of; continuum of polythink and; description of; Iraq War decisions moving to polythink from
A Guide to International Negotiation (Raider)
Guided imagination
Guilt-conflict interactions

H

“Habits of mind”
Hamas (Islamic Resistance Movement)
Handbook for Discourse (Van Dijk)
Handbook of Large Group Methods (Bunker and Alban)
Hatred-conflict interactions
Healing psychological wounds of violence
Heart Math emwave biofeedback device
Helsinki agreement
Heuristic processing: negotiation settings and systematic vs.; overview and comparison of
Heuristic-systematic model: on cognitive consequences of processing modes; on modes of information processing; overview of; on sources of bias
Hewlett Theory Centers
Hezbollah
High-power groups (HPGs)
Holocaust
Homophily of social networks
Homophobia
Honor ideologies
“Honor killing”
Hostage negotiation: airplane hijackings and; effectiveness of; fishbowl theory applied to; intervention techniques used during; media and public opinion during; with rogue states; role of trust and historical gestures during; stages and variables of; state engagement in; strategic options for engaging terrorists during; types of concessions made during; victims of. See also Terrorism
Hostage posting
Hot spots
Hot/cool model of willpower
Howard Beach incident
Huckleberry Finn (Twain)
Human and social polarities
Human Dignity and humiliation Studies
Human equality: definition of; as underlying constructive conflict resolution value
Human Judgment and Social Policy (Hammond)
The human relations paradigm of intractable conflict
Human rights: ideals of; UN Charter on; UN R2P (Responsibility to Protect) resolution on
Human rights practice: challenges to synergy of peace-building practice and; Columbia’s ongoing violence and; concerns over “naming and shaming” strategy of; key differences between mediation and peace-building practice during; latest developments in international conflicts and; Northern Ireland peace agreement implementation (1998–2005) and; operationalizing peace with justice to further; Sierra Leone’s immediate postviolence period (1999–2000) and
Human rights Watch
Human security
Humanization of the other
Humiliation: fear of future; human rights ideals being fueled by feelings of; interactions between conflict and
Huristic processing
Hurricane Katrina

I

Iceberg principle of persuasion
Idea generation
Identification-based distrust (IBD): characterization of relationships on; description of; strategies to manage
Identification-based trust (IBT): actions that build; characterization of relationships on; description of; managing violations of
Identity: group; as source of integrative negotiation impasse
Ideological frames: honor ideologies and violence against women; pluralist; radical; unitary view
Ideology: destructive ideology versus constructive; Hitler’s; Internet websites promoting; intractable conflict and issues of; personal power framed by; Pol Pot’s; social dominance orientation (SDO) support of
I-It relationships
Illusion of transparency
Implicit power theories
Impression negotiation motivation
Impression processing motivation
Inclusion: Brooklyn Friends School (BFS) use of psychoeducation to promote; dynamic inclusivity and “deep coexistence”; using psychoeducational strategies to foster
Inclusively caring children
Incremental beliefs: extreme intergroup emotions and political action; negative trait judgments about out-group and political action
Incremental theory of groups: on emotional dimension of incremental beliefs; on judgment dimension of incremental negative beliefs; overview of the
Indigenous societies: applications to modern conflicts; examining the knowledge and practice of; harnessing their wisdom for global conflict resolution; peace systems of; reciprocity practices of; reflections on conflict resolution approaches by; value orientations of; Waorani (Ecuador)
Inducibility: cooperation-competition theory on role of; definition of; pathologies of
Induction
Inequality: and aggression related to sexualization of women; confronting privilege by challenging; examining conditions that induce persons of privilege to challenge; National Urban League report on US racial; policy changes to initiate or reduce; system justification of
Inequality gaps: Equality Trust promoting policies designed to reduce; organizational transformation and development to reduce; psychoeducational strategies to foster inclusion and reduce; racial. See also Privilege
Informal and incidental learning model: case example: after-action review (AAR); case example: on reflection after conflict; case example: reflection with the help of a trusted other; case example: using an action science facilitator to learn to handle conflict; encouraging dialogue and new ideas using; illustrated diagram of; overview of; reflection and critical reflection using the
Information processing: cognitive consequences of mode used for; dynamic network intelligence (DNI) on social networks; heuristic mode of; moderate positions and unexpected information; motives for; negotiation stage of exchanging information; promoting open-minded; sources of bias in; systematic mode of. See also Dialogue
Injustice: comparing frustration to; conditions causing persons of privilege to challenge social; in the course of conflict; distinction between oppression and; forms of; frustration over deprivation and sense of; implications for conflict resolution training; intractable conflicts with legacies of dominance and; “myths” that justify; as the source of conflict; training for knowledge of systematic forms of. See also Justice
Injustice forms: cultural imperialism; distributive injustice; moral exclusion; procedural injustice; retributive and reparative justice; sense of injustice
Innovation. See Creativity
Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton)
Institute for Survival and Beyond’s (PISAB) Undoing Racism (UR) training
Institute for the Study of Diplomacy (Georgetown University)
Institute of Cultural Affairs Strategic Planning Process
Instrumental reconciliation
Intact team building
Integration-adaptation model: accountability component of; accuracy in reading situation component of; adaptivity component of; awareness of situation component of; Boy Scouts of America (BSA) conflict with LGBTQ community examined using; overview of the
Integrative agreement products: type 1: compromise; type 2: logrolling; type 3: modify the resource pie; type 4: expand the resource pie; type 5: bridge the interests; type 6: cut the costs; type 7: compensation (nonspecific); type 8: superordination
Integrative agreements: Agreement Circumplex; compromise versus integrative; conflict management system producing; examined as creativity; flexible thinking and idea generation; interaction between conflict and creativity; mix of information needed for; providing time and space for; relationship between cooperation and creativity in; seeing the other’s point of view; settlement versus resolution. See also Outcomes; Solutions
Integrative negotiation: description of; in difficult to resolve conflicts; five major stages of; promotion of; theoretical and empirical roots of
Integrative negotiation impasse: characteristics of negotiation environment and setting; characteristics of negotiation issues and; characteristics of the parties as source of; how negotiators can resolve
Integrative negotiation stages: 1: preparation; 2: building a relationship with the other party; 3: exchanging information; 4: inventing and exploring options; 5: reaching settlement
Intellectualization and minimization
Intense internal dynamics
Intentionalist paradigm of communication: on considering the listener when formulating a message; on listening to understand intended meaning; overview of
Interdependence: asymmetries related to degree of; positive or negative goal
Interests: defining; negotiation role of; to secure cooperation
Intergroup conflict: implications for training; implications for understanding and practice; overview of; resolving intractable; sources and dynamics of
Intergroup conflict dynamics: escalation; resistances to resolution and intractability
Intergroup conflict resolution practices: analyzing the conflict; confronting the conflict; overview of; resolving the conflict
Intergroup conflict resolution training: on analytical skills; on consultation skills; on group leadership skills; on intergroup skills; on interpersonal skills; overview of; personal qualities and
Intergroup conflict sources: group-level factors; perceptual and cognitive factors
Intergroup encounter interventions: description of; evaluation of
Internal conflict
International Crisis Group
International Center for Cooperation and Conflict Resolution (ICCCR)
International conflict: “bargaining in the shadow of the law” phenomenon in; International Criminal Court (ICC) indictments related to; Northern Ireland; Sierra Leone (1999–2000); Syria. See also Israeli-Palestinian conflict; Peace-building practice; War
International Criminal Court (ICC): human rights concerns of; indictments in Uganda and Libya by
International Institute for Sustained Dialogue (IISD)
International legal system: architectural development of; Geneva Conventions
International social network linkages
International Social Survey Program
Internet: online dispute resolution (ODR); social networks on the; websites promoting ideologies; “wild west” of the
Interpersonal conflict: escalating spirals in; self-regulatory failure in
Interpersonal conflict resolution: cooling strategies and techniques for; reflection; time-out
Interpersonal negotiation strategies (INS) model
Interpersonal relation dimensions: cooperation-competition; formal versus informal; intensity and importance; power distribution (equal versus unequal); task oriented versus social-emotional
Interpersonal scope
Inter-Tajik Dialogue (ITD)
Intractability: as powerful psychological barriers to conflict resolution; resistance to intergroup conflict resolution
Intractable conflict: components of; defining; Dynamical Systems Theory (DST) on; five paradigms for addressing; Mozambique conflict and peace process feedback mapping; ongoing global; “prevention orientation” approach to
Intractable conflict components: context; core issues; outcomes; processes; relationships
Intractable conflict intervention guidelines: 1: leverage instability; 2: complicate to simplify: mapping dynamic ecology of peace and conflict; 3: read the emotional reservoirs of the conflict; 4: begin with what is working; 5: beginnings matter most; 6: circumvent the conflict; 7: seek meek power; 8: work with both manifest and latent attractors; 9: alter conflict and peace attractors for the long term; 10: restabilize through dynamic adaptivity
Intractable conflict intervention paradigms: the human relations paradigm; overview on; the pathology paradigm; the postmodern paradigm; the realist paradigm; the systems paradigm
Intractable conflict processes: malignant social processes; pervasiveness, complexity, and flux; strong emotionality
intractable group conflict: direct conflict resolution to; implications and future directions of research on; incremental beliefs about; indirect social psychological approaches to; Israel-Palestinian conflict; Turkish-Greek conflict
Intrapsychic conflict and anxiety
IRA (Irish Republican Army)
Iranian US embassy hostages (1979)
Iraq Body Count
Iraq War: biased information processing: selective use and framing during; con-div group dynamic during the; decision-making dynamics during the surge (2007); failure to reappraise previously rejected alternatives during; groupthink dynamic in decision to invade Iraq (2003); lack of communication and confusion during the; lowest-common-denominator decisions and decision paralysis during the; McChrystal’s Rolling Stone interview during the; moving form groupthink to polythink; policy implications of the decision making during; polythink process of withdrawal from Iraq. See also War
Iroquois Confederation
Irreducible Uncertainty, Inevitable Error, Unavoidable Injustice (Hammond)
Islands of agreement
Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Abraham Fund for Jewish-Arab Coexistence initiative to resolve; Air France flight rescue by Israeli government; cultural fluency used to better understand the; destructive versus constructive ideologies of the; emotional dimension of incremental beliefs; events to change collective memories and move toward shared view of history; increased levels of hope regarding end of; judgment dimension of incremental beliefs; normalization of hostility and violence; psychodynamic theory used to explain the; social media role in monitoring events of; symbolism and ideology issues of the. See also International conflict
Issue scope
I-Thou relationships

J

Journal of Applied Behavioral Science
Journal of Homosexuality
Judgment and moral reasoning
Justice: analyzing the true impacts of retributive; conflict between two reasonable principles of; conflict over defining what is; distributive; economic framework of; gacaca (community justice process); global justice burden; operationalizing peace with; peace as requiring; peace-building process that commits to long-term peace and; reciprocity practice by indigenous societies for; reconciliation and processes of; scope of; solidarity and caring framework of. See also Fairness; Injustice
Justice frameworks: economic and politics of deserving; solidarity and caring
“Justifying,” as negotiation tactic

K

Kamp Uden Vaaben (Ehrlich, Lindberg, and Gammeigaard Jacobsen)
Karma
Kidnapping. See Hostage negotiation
Kinetic power
Knowledge acquisition. See Learning
Kohlberg’s moral development stages
Kosovo bombing issue
Kosovo Liberation Army

L

Language: definitions of; dehumanizing trait of; used to describe conflict; examining interconnectedness of peace, conflict resolution, and; peace linguistics
Large group intervention methods: applications to peace building and legislative processes; that create the future; embedding new patterns of collaboration; methods for discussion and decision making; overview of; for work design
Large Group Interventions: Engaging the Whole System for Rapid Change (Bunker and Alban)
Layered personality
Leadership coaching
League of Women Voters
Learning: conflict management and social-emotional; constructive controversy and improved quality; experiential; informal and incidental learning model on reflection for; knowledge acquisition from conflict resolution research; to learn about conflict resolution; reflection on experience for; social context of
Learning by analogy
Learning Communities Project
LeBenevolencija
Legitimacy, socially constructed
“Legitimizing myths” of power
Leith Open Space
Lesbians. See LGBTQ community
“Letter from Birmingham Jail” (King)
Levesno lab
Lewin’s change process framework: driving and restraining forces; movement phase of; refreezing phase of; unfreezing phase of
LGBTQ community: Boy Scouts of America conflict with; honor ideologies and violence against
Libya
LIF PLUS
LinkedIn
Listening: dialogic communication with empathic; taking listeners perspective into account; trying to understanding intended meaning of message
Logrolling solution
Lome Agreement (1999)
London bombings
Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) [Uganda]
Lose-lose outcome
Loss averse
Love and belongingness needs
Loving Couples Loving Children (LCLC)
Low-power groups (LPGs)
Lufthansa flight negotiations (1977)

M

Maalot School terrorism (Israel)
MACBE (motivation, affect, cognition, behavior, environment) model
Madrid terrorist attacks
Manila hostage crisis
Marginalization: moral exclusion or; psychological mechanisms for; selection of targets for; “structural” violence and
Marriage: couples’ conflict intervention; friendship as “emotional bank account” for; Sound Relationship House theory (SRH) on; specific affect coding system (SPAFF) measures of; trust and betrayal theory for emotional attunement in. See also Divorce; Gottman lab
The Marriage Clinic (Gottman)
The Marriage Clinic Casebook (Gottman)
Marriage intervention/divorce prevention: The Art and Science of Love (ASL) ; Bringing Baby home (BBH) workshop; Couples Together Against Violence; Gottmans’ conflict blueprints; Loving Couples Loving Children (LCLC); proximal change experiments
“Marshmellow test”
Marxist doctrine
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
The Mathematics of Marriage (Gottman, Murray, Swanson, Tyson, and Swanson)
McChrystal’s Rolling Stone interview
Media: coverage of terrorism by; nonviolent struggle coverage by the; political processes and freedom of the press by; social media as social networks
Mediation: Coleman Raider Mediation Model for; conditions for effective; contingent; definition of; efficacy of; factors determining use of; implications for training; implications for understanding and managing conflict using; key differences between human rights and; leadership coaching for organizational; outline for parents; problem-as-puzzle model of; “satisfaction story” of; short-term success in mediation (STSM); theory and research on; traditional, narrative, and transformative; whole school programs for
Mediator behavior: assertiveness; contextual interventions; as mediation factor; reflexive interventions; substantive interventions; tactical interventions
Mediator styles: evaluative; facilitative; problem-solving; relational; strategic
Mediators: behavior of; as catalysts for learning through reflection; characteristics of the potential; how gender affects style of; implications for; maintain realistic expectations; using multiple; negotiation biases of; skills required for intergroup conflict resolution; stressful social role of; stylistic orientation of; twelve stages of moves made by. See also Conflict resolution practitioners; Conflict resolution training
Mediators beyond Borders
Men: network access of; social dominance orientation (SDO) levels in. See also Gender differences
Men Organized against Rape
Mercy Healthcare system (California)
Messages: considering what the listener will take it to mean; listening to try to understanding intended meaning of; pay attention to the form of the; taking listener’s perspective into account. See also Communication
Meta-emotion (Katz and Hooven)
MHS (mutually hurting stalemate)
Middle childhood development: description of; Erikson’s psychosocial stages in development; role of conflict in; sense of self; stage theories of
Middle-out power
Mindfulness
Minimization and intellectualization
Minorities at Risk Project
Mirror neurons
The MODE
Modeling: self-regulation; social-emotional learning promoted by
Modify the resource pie
Mondragon (Spain)
Moral behavior, role of framing in
Moral community: empathy required to enlarge one’s; intergroup simulations to experience a; justice principles of deserving often extended only to one’s; training to enlarge the scope of one’s
Moral courage
Moral development: of extraordinary moral responsibility and creativity; Kohlberg’s moral development stages on; raising inclusively caring children with moral courage
Moral exclusion: definition of; individual and groups who suffer; psychological mechanisms of; selection of targets for; social conditions allowing; three central psychological questions regarding; training to recognize
Moral exclusion
Moral orientation
Moral reasoning and judgment
Moral theories on aggression and violence: moral exclusion; moral reasoning and judgment; norm violations; overview of
Moral values appeal
Morse code
Motivation: conflict resolution and multiple motives and; generating change agent’s; to improve understanding during constructive controversy; information processing and defense, accuracy, or impression; middle childhood development of; Murray’s need theory of personality on; self-regulation role in
Motivational orientation
Mozambique peace process: example of the utility of meek power in the; mapping the conflict and
Multiculturalism: comparing culture and; examining relationship to conflict and conflict resolution; increasing cultural diversity in today’s societies; meaning of conflict and resolution in context of; noteworthy applications of; as a social movement
Multiculturalism conflict management: accountability component of; accuracy in reading situation; adaptivity component of; awareness of situation; case study: Boy Scouts of America and multiculturalism; integration-adaptation model of
Multiple mediators
Mumbai attacks (Pakistan)
Murray’s need theory of personality
Musekeweya (New Dawn) radio drama (Rwanda)
Mutual respect principle
Mutual security principle
Mutual trust principle

N

Naive conflict resolution strategies
Narrative mediation
National Commission for Democracy and Human Rights
National Fund for Social Enterprise (Mexico)
National Institute of Mental Health
National Institutes of Health Office of the Ombudsmen
National Public Radio
National Science Foundation
National Training Laboratory in Group Development (NTL)
National Urban League
Native American values
NATO
Nazi Germany
Need for power
Need principle
Needs theories: Burton’s human needs theory; Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; Murray’s need theory of personality
Negative self-transcendence
Negotiating boundaries: description of; gender differences in; legal entitlements
Negotiation: anchors, frames, and reference points of; Coleman Raider “Bare-Bones” Model of Stages of Negotiation; Coleman Raider reframing formula for; conflict resolution research on; contract; cooperation-competition theory implications for training; definition of; difficulty personalities and; examining gender differences in; facing dirty tricks during cooperative; integrative; judgmental biases during; multiple motives during; persuasion during; psychodynamic personality theory on irrational deterrents to; reducing ambiguity; research developments on; role playing during; social context of; strategies to improve outcomes for women; substantive content of training for; terrorists and hostage
Negotiation and Conflict Management Research (Kressel and Wall)
Negotiation Behavior (Pruitt)
Negotiation bias outcomes: damaged negotiation relationships; exaggeration of conflict/false conflict due to; failure to reach agreement even when mutually beneficial; loss of confidence; reaching agreement prematurely or in substandard way
Negotiation bias remedies: deliberate and structured interventions; naturally occurring
Negotiation biases: of cognition; cultural differences related to; information processing and sources of; of outcome and allocation; of process; remedies of
Negotiation boundaries: fall prevention; pregnancy and parental leave
Negotiation Evaluation Survey (NES)
Negotiation impasse: characteristics of the parties as source of; strategies for dealing with
Negotiation strategies: “chicken game” negotiation; Five factor model (FFM) predicting; for handling impasse; interpersonal negotiation strategies (INS) model; negotiation in order to prepare for an assault; normal; secret. See also Conflict resolution strategies; Persuasion
Negotiation tactics: “building a golden bridge”; “justifying” as
NEO-PI-R FFM questionnaire
Nepalese Maoists (Unified Communist Party of Nepal)
Network Conflict Worksheet: describing the system using the; illustration of the; other applications and caveats on using the; overview of the; transforming roles using the
Networks of effective action
Neuroplasticity
Neuroscience: on the brain and emotions; as conflict resolution resource
Neuroticism personality dimension
New Peoples Army (NPA)
New York City Resolving Conflict Creatively Program
New York Times
News Research Center Iraq War Casualties
9/11 attacks: Columbia’s antiterrorism policies justification by; debate over World Trade Center site following
Noncooperation
Nonkilling linguistics
Nonkilling Linguistics: Practical Applications (Friedrich)
Nonspecific compensation solution
Nonviolence value, definition of
Nonviolent actions: acts of protest; noncooperation; nonviolent intervention; in response to aggression and violence
Non-Violent Coercion (Case)
Nonviolent communication: implications for conflict resolution; research being conducted on
Nonviolent Communication (Rosenberg)
Nonviolent Communication: Companion Workbook (Leu)
Nonviolent intervention: description of; nonviolent struggle form of
Nonviolent struggle: definition of; efforts at planned adoption of; history and successes of; importance of; media coverage of; needed future explorations and research on; new scholarly and strategic attention on; nonviolent action for “wrong” objectives; Untouchables campaign (1924–1925). See also Acts of protest; Boycotts; Civil disobedience
Non-Western practices: how social relations are impacted by cultural differences and; violence and aggression against
Norm violations
Normal negotiation strategy
Normalization of hostility and violence
North American Free Trade (NAFTA) talks
North Korea
Northern Caucasus separatists groups
Northern Ireland: British government negotiations with the IRA; former IRA in; Good Friday Agreement (GFA) of 1998; peace agreement implementation (1998–2005); “Troubles” of
Nunca Mas report (Argentina, 1986)
Nuremberg trials

O

Observer (newspaper)
Occupy movement
Office of the Ombudsman (National Institutes of Health)
Online dispute resolution (ODR)
Open Space Technology
Open-minded processing: on group identity; on self-affirmation strategy
Openness personality dimension
Oppositional group identities
Oppression: cultural imperialism as; distinction between injustice and; nonviolent struggle against; structural; study on effects and risk of
Orbital frontal cortex
Organizational development (OD)
Organizational transformation: Praxis Consulting Group addressing inequality through; reducing inequality gaps through
Organizations: cooperation, open-minded discussion, and effectiveness surveys in Chinese; 501(c)(3); integration-adaptation model applied to; reducing inequality gaps in; shared ownership through hierarchical structure of
Other: arts-based approaches to understand the; dialogic communication preparation of; as element of the communication process; humanizing and developing positive orientation of the; incremental beliefs on negative trait judgments of. See also Victims/survivors
Outcomes: effective power and sustainable; integrative agreements as creativity; intractable conflict; lose-lose; negotiation bias and; negotiation stage of inventing and exploring options for; reactive devaluation of; strategies to improve women’s negotiation. See also BATNAs (best alternative to a negotiated agreement); Integrative agreements; Solutions
Overcommitment

P

Palestinian-Israel conflict. See Israel-Palestinian conflict
Panama Canal talks
Paradigmatic persuasion experiment
Parental mediation outline
Participative Design
Partnership model of society
The pathology paradigm of intractable conflict
Peace: altruism born of suffering and; indigenous practices for; justice required as part of; mapping dynamic ecology of conflict and; peace-building process that commits to long-term justice and. See also War
Peace Education Program (Columbia University)
Peace linguistics: description and focus of; implications for conflict resolution; implications for education for using; interconnectedness of language, conflict resolution, and peace; LIF PLUS; peace-building teacher education use of; rise of nonkilling linguistics; THRIL technique
Peace systems: common indigenous practices for; description of; harnessing indigenous wisdom for global; Iroquois Confederation example of. See also War
Peace-building practice: accepting that sometimes sequencing is the best alternative; challenges to synergy between human rights and; Columbia; committing to long-term peace and justice; concerns over human rights’ “naming and shaming” strategy; incorporating human rights experts as advisors during; key differences between mediation and; large group intervention methods applications to; Northern Ireland peace agreement implementation (1998–2005); operationalizing peace with justice to further human rights during; Sierra Leone’s immediate postviolence period (1999–2000); Syrian conflict and. See also International conflict; Reconciliation; War
Peacebuilding Toolkit for Educators: High School Lessons (Milofsky)
Peaceful cultures and justice
Peer mediation
People’s Front of Liberation of Palestine
Perceived power
Perpetuators. See Victimizers
Persistent intractable conflict
Personal power: authoritarianism; description of; ideological frames; implicit power theories; need for power; orientations of; other individual differences in; social dominance orientation
Personality: conflict resolution influenced by situation vs.; defense and control mechanisms of; definitions of; layered; research on how conflict is influenced by; social learning theory on
Personality facet scales
Personality models: need theories; negotiating with difficult personalities; psychodynamic theories; social learning theory; social situations and psychological orientations; trait approaches
Personality theories of aggression and violence
Personality trait approaches: multitrait measures of personality and conflict; overview of; situation versus personality
Persons of privilege: “equity motive” experiments with; investigating how to help them confront injustice; prototypes used to facilitate reduce inequality gaps by; responsibility of
Perspective taking: adolescence development of; conflict role in childhood development of; constructive controversy positive impact on; as intervention for aggression and violence; middle childhood development of. See also Attitude change; Behavior change; Point of view
Perspective-taking paradigm of communication: overview of; on taking your listener’s perspective into account
Persuasion: conflict resolution context of; definition of; heuristic-systematic model of; iceberg principle of; moderate positions and unexpected information; motives for processing information for; paradigmatic persuasion experiment findings on; promoting open-minded processing for; as strategy for negotiating with terrorists. See also Negotiation strategies
Pew Case Studies in International Affairs
Philippines government-New Peoples Army (NPA) talks
Physiological needs
Piaget’s social cognitive childhood development
Pillars of support
Pink Power organization: BART system used to examine the; joining Wells’s levels and the BART system for examining; Wells’s five levels of organizational analysis to examine
PKK (Kurdistan Workers’ Party) [Turkey]
Plato’s parable of the cave
Play ethic
Point of view: ability to see the others’; conflict resolution and importance of; developing a novel; shadow box experiments on. See also Perspective taking
Political instability: intractable conflicts and; leveraging instability as intervention for ending conflict
Political jiu-jitsu
Political terrorist groups
Politics of deserving: dictating who is deserving; neglect of Hurricane Katrina survivors and
The Politics of Nonviolent Action (Sharp)
Polythink: conflict management process and role of; continuum of groupthink and; decision-making; description of; Iraq War decisions moving from groupthink to; remedies to
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
Positive emotions
Postmodern constructivism
The postmodern paradigm of intractable conflict
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): description of; how forgiveness can provide relief from; principles for treatment of; professional education required for effective
Potential power
Power: components of; conditions causing persons of privilege to relinquish their; as a dynamic; environmental; general versus relevant; group decision making and imbalanced; overview of the concept of; perceived; personal; pillars of support; potential and kinetic; primary and secondary; relational; seeking “meek”; sustainable outcomes and effective; top-down, middle-out, and bottom-up
Power components: environmental factors; personal factors; principles of power-conflict dynamics
Power distance
Power relations: environmental; between low-power groups (LPGs) and high-power groups (HPGs); personal; principles of power-conflict dynamics; as source of integrative negotiation impasse
Power-conflict dynamics: principles of; situated model of power and conflict
Practitioners. See Conflict resolution practitioners
Praxis Consulting Group
Presbyterian Church USA
Press. See Media
Primary power
Prisoner’s dilemma game
Privilege: challenging inequality and confronting; efforts to retain and justify; examining past politics of; responsibility through; why persons of privilege challenge unjust social arrangements. See also Inequality gaps
Problem identification
Problem solving: analogical reasoning used for; constructive controversy and improved quality; PSDM model integrating decision making and
Problem-solving approaches: critiques of different; evidence of better outcomes with; individual and social interaction perspectives on; overview of different; research that predicts use of
Procedural injustice: definition of; training to recognize
Procedural justice: description of process of; questions with regard to; values implicit in questions about
Program for Imaging and Cognitive Sciences (Columbia University)
Projection
The Promise of Mediation (Bush and Folger)
Protected trauma of conflict
PSDM model of conflict resolution: committing to a choice phase of; in conflict situations; on decision-making process; diagnosis of problem phase of; evaluating and choosing phase of; identifying alternative solutions phase of; illustrated figure of the; implications for training and practice; overview of the; on problem-solving process
Psychodynamic personality theories: on active unconscious; on conflict with another leading to intrapsychic conflict and anxiety; on control and defense mechanisms; on internal conflict; on irrational deterrents to negotiation; on the layered personality; overview of; on stages of development; summary and critique of
Psychoeducational strategies: Brooklyn Friends School (BFS) diversity and inclusion using; fostering inclusion over inequality
Psychological orientation: cognitive, motivational, and moral components of; description of; interpersonal relations dimensions of; social situations and
Psychologists for Social Responsibility
Public Committee for Democratic Processes (PCDP)
Public Conversations Project (PCP)
Public policy: the Equality Trust mission promoting policies reducing inequality; initiated to reduce inequality; large group intervention methods applications to legislative; nonviolent struggle to bring about

Q

Quaker community values
Qualitative research: methodologies used in; single case studies: emic; time series analysis: emic quantitative and
Quantitative research: experiments, surveys, and aggregate case studies: etic; focused comparison: etic; methodologies used in; time series analysis: emic qualitative and
Quasi-experimental research

R

R2P (Responsibility to Protect) resolution [UN]
Racial inequality: Minorities at Risk Project on risk of; National Urban League report on US
Racism: Brooklyn Friends School (BFS) psychoeducation to reduce; Institute for Survival and Beyond’s (PISAB) Undoing Racism (UR) training; metaphor of the airport automatic walkway for
Railway Labor Act (1926, amended in 1934)
Raising and Emotionally Intelligent Child (DeClaire)
Rational argument, as constructive controversy requirements
Reaction formation
Reactive devaluation
Real Time Strategic Change (or Whole Scale Change)
The realist paradigm of intractable conflict
Reciprocity: definition of; manifestations of; practice by indigenous societies; as underlying constructive conflict resolution value
Recognition concept
Reconciliation: altruism born of suffering and; creating complementary processes to address postagreement; definition of; instrumental vs. socioemotional; justice processes related to; moving toward and past forgiveness; multiple processes in; prevention of new violence and; principles and practices of; progressive nature of; psychological spiritual healing through forgiveness and; Rwandan gacaca (community justice process) of; Rwandan genocide (1994) interventions for; security issues during; training to facilitate forgiveness and; treatment of PTSD role in. See also Peace-building practice
Reconciliation principles: for establishing cooperation; establishing the complex truth; healing the wounds of all parties; humanizing the other and developing positive orientation to the other; processes of change of collective memories and toward shared views of history; understanding impact of violence on survivors, perpetrators, and bystanders; understanding roots of violence and avenues to reconciliation
Reconciliation processes: destructive ideology versus constructive ideologies; political conditions, democratic institutions, and reconciliation; progressively increasing acceptance of the past; public education and conflict and conflict resolution; raising inclusively caring children with moral courage
Red Army Fraction (Germany)
Red Brigades (Italy)
Red Cross
Redesign work methods
Reference point of negotiation
Reflection: coaches and facilitators as catalysts for learning through; critical; dialogic communication stage of; emotions and affect role of; informal and incidental learning model for; interpersonal conflict resolution using; learning through; questioning the sustainability of Western peace systems
Reflection case examples: using an action science facilitator to learn to handle conflict; after-action review (AAR); on reflection after conflict; reflection with the help of a trusted other
Reflective practitioners: cooperation-competition theory implications for; description of; how to become a
Reflexive mediator interventions
Rehearsing self-regulation
Relational power: description of; situational model of power and conflict
Relational self-construal theory: gender differences in conflict resolution argument of; on gender-based differences in self-construal and social role expectations
Relationships: adolescence development of social; building one with the other party during negotiation; Chinese guanxi (relation system) of; as containing both trust and distrust elements; couples’ conflict; cultural differences as factor in; Deutsch’s Crude Law of Social Relations; developmental and multifaceted nature of; dialogue that focuses on the; expectations upon which we trust new; intractable conflict and role of; I-Thou compared to I-It; meaning making of communication as taking place in; mediation and improvement in; middle childhood development of social; Native American value of; as remedy for bias; social-emotional learning for developing; strengthen commonalities between parties to strengthen; sustained dialogue approach for building; trust elements used to characterize; types of conflict that include issues of. See also Social networks
Religious terrorist groups
Research. See Conflict resolution research
Research Center for Group Dynamics (RCGD)
Resistance, Politics, and the American Struggle for Independence (Conser, McCarthy, Toscano, and Sharp)
Resistance of the Heart: Intermarriage and the Rosenstrasse Protest in Nazi Germany (Stoltzfus)
Respect: democratic concept of; principle of mutual
Restaurant industry employees
Restaurant Opportunities Centers United
Retributive and reparative injustice: definition of; training to recognize
Retributive and reparative justice: analyzing the true impacts of; psychology of; societal functions of
Risk, decision making
Rockefeller Foundation
Rogue states
Role playing: Colman Raider workshop use of cultural differences; increasing empathy through; negotiation; self-regulation
Russian Revolution (1905)
Rwanda: gacaca (community justice process) in; genocide (1994) and reconciliation in; Musekeweya (New Dawn) [2004] radio drama in; providing public education about conflict and conflict resolution in; role of institutional democratic organizations in healing of; uneven justice processes as part of reconciliation in
Rwandan genocide (1994): interventions for reconciliation following the; war crime trials (2001–2010) following the

S

Safety needs
SALT I (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)
SALT II (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)
Sandy Hook elementary School shooting (2012)
Scapegoating
School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) [Columbia University]
School shootings: Columbine High School massacre; Sandy Hook elementary School shooting (2012)
Schools: Brooklyn Friends School (BFS) psychoeducation on inclusion; Learning Communities Project for; peer mediation in; as place of white culture; structuring constructive controversy in the classroom; whole school programs for mediation
The science of Trust (Gottman)
Scope of justice
Search Conference
Secondary power
Secret negotiation strategy
Security: dilemma related to; during process of reconciliation
Self: dialogic communication preparation of; as element of communication process; self-conception development of the
Self-actualization: needs related to; securing cooperation through appeal to
Self-affirmation strategy: description of; promoting open-minded processing about
Self-conception development
Self-construal: gender differences in contract negotiation; gender-based differences in
Self-control: early childhood development of; middle childhood development of
Self-efficacy: competencies required for; social learning theory on
Self-esteem: adolescence development of; constructive controversy enhancement of; Maslow’s hierarchy of needs on need for; middle childhood development
Self-fulfilling prophecies
Self-interest appeal: negotiation role of; to secure cooperation
Self-reflection
Self-regulation: delay of gratification and “marshmallow test”; essential preliminaries for; flexible attention deployment required for; hot reactions and the emotional brain during; modeling/role play/rehearsal of; motivation and persistence in goal pursuit role of; plans and implementation strategies for
Self-regulation competencies: affect; encoding; encodings; expectancies
Sense of injustice: activating the sense of; definition of; victims and victimizers
Sense of self
Serbian ethnic cleansing
Settlements. See Solutions
Seville Statement on Violence
Sex. See also Gender
Sexualization of women
Shadow box experiments: description and purpose of the; experiment one: interaction of social and cognitive actors; experiment two: comparing cooperative and individualistic orientations
Shame
Shared community: description of; as underlying constructive conflict resolution value
Shared views of history
Sharp’s Dictionary of Power and Struggle (2011)
Shining Path (Peru)
Short-term success in mediation (STSM)
Sierra Leone (1999–2000)
“Silent seething”
Simu-Real
Situated model of power and conflict: on cooperation, competition, and goals; implications for training
Slavery resistance
Social and human polarities
Social change. See Change process
Social Conflict (Pruitt and Kim)
Social dominance orientation (SDO): description of; emotions and; intergroup conflict related to
Social dominance theory
Social environment: as mediation factors; mediation used to improve
Social exchange theory
Social groups: mediation and improve environment of; as source of intergroup conflict
Social identity: social identity theory on; unity-in-diversity
Social Justice Research
Social learning theory: on aggression and violence; on personality
Social media: cyberbullying on; online dispute resolution (ODR); social networks created through
Social negotiation motivation
Social networking sites(SNS)
Social networks: charts on traditional vs. dynamic; conflict resolution strategies in; dynamic network theory on; dynamic network intelligence (DNI) on the; examining the structural linkages and; homophily principle of; increasing research on; international linkages; metrics used to describe; Network Conflict Worksheet; online dispute resolution (ODR); research on conflict in; social media as form of; spread of emotions through. See also Relationships
Social perspective cooperation
Social psychological approaches: direct conflict resolution; indirect conflict resolution; intractability as psychological barrier
Social psychological processes: attitudes (cathexis); inducibility; substitutability
The Social Psychology of Bargaining and Negotiation (Rubin and Brown)
The Social Psychology of Groups (Thibaut and Kelley)
Social role expectations: contract negotiation and gender differences in; gender differences in self-construal and
Social roles: BART system on group; environmental power and; gender differences during contract negotiation; gender differences in adapting to context of; gender differences in self-construal and expectations of; mediators’ stressful; Network Conflict Worksheet used to transform network
Social situations: cognitive, motivational, moral orientations of; psychological orientation and. See also Conflict situations
Social-emotional learning: childhood period of; conflict management and; for developing relationships; early childhood development function of conflict for; ECSEL Program curriculum for; empathy; induction role in; modeling role in; perspective taking; self-control and discipline. See also Emotional management
Society of Friends
Sociocracy
Socioemotional reconciliation
Solidarity and caring justice framework: description of; Occupy movement explained by the; rooting solidarity in (our) nature
Solutions: analogical reasoning using; bridging; cost cutting; creative; different integrative approaches to; divide-and-choose approach; expanding the pie; integrative agreements as creativity; negotiation stage of inventing and exploring options for; negotiation stage of reaching; nonspecific compensation; PSDM model focus on problem solving to find good; PSDM model phase of identifying alternative; training in inventing. See also BATNAs (best alternative to a negotiated agreement); Integrative agreements; Outcomes
Sound Relationship House theory (SRH): friendship and intimacy; illustrated diagram of; introduction to; manage conflict constructively; sentiment overrides; shared meaning system
South Africa: apartheid system of; The Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Soviet Union: breakup of the; nonviolent struggles against; Salt I and Salt II talks with; Soviet Union-United States talks (1985–1987)
Spanish-US base rights talks (1975–1976)
Specific affect coding system (SPAFF)
“Speech at Cooper Union” (Lincoln)
The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Strong (Wilkinson and Pickett)
Stages of development theory: of adolescence; of early childhood development; Erikson’s psychosocial stages in development; Kohlberg’s moral development stages; of middle childhood; on personality development; Piaget’s social cognitive childhood development
Standard Cross Cultural Sample
States: negotiation with terrorists by; rogue
A Step toward Violence Prevention: NVC curriculum
Stimulus control: description of; hot reactions from
Strategic Nonviolent Conflict (Ackerman and Kruegler)
Stress: conflict resolution management and controlling levels of; hot/cool model of willpower on impact of; physical impact of chronic; physical impact of emotional; as response to conflict
The Strike (Hiller)
Structural violence
Structured focused comparison (SFC) research
Structuring constructive controversy: in the classroom; concurrence seeking; for decision making; processes of; steps taken for
Subordinate loops
Subsidiarity
Substantive mediator interventions
Substitutability: cooperation-competition theory on role of; definition of; pathologies of
Suffering: acknowledgment of; altruism born of
Suicide terrorists
Sukha (sense of serenity)
Sunflower identity
Superordinate loops
Superordination solution
Survey research
Survivors. See Victims/survivors
Sustained dialogue
SWAT (special weapons and tactics) teams
Symbolism of conflict
Syria
Systematic processing: description of; negotiation settings and heuristic vs.
The systems paradigm of intractable conflict

T

Tactical mediator interventions
Tajikistan independence
“Talk table” device
Tamil Tigers (Sir Lanka)
Target position
Task-oriented learning-mastery orientation
Tasks: BART system on group; definition of
Tavistock Institute of Human Relations
Teacher education: language in peace-building; Peace Education Program (Columbia University); peaceful language implications for
Teachers College (Columbia University)
Team building
Team effect
Teams: building; cooperative conflict; making effort by; T-group (training group) for
Technical Conference
Temperament
Terrorism: airplane hijackings; definition of; failure of traditional diplomacy to stop; history of; media and public opinion regarding; during modern times; 9/11 attacks; by rogue states. See also Hostage negotiation
Terrorists: actions taken by; culture, psychology, values, and goals of; issue of trust when dealing with; negotiating with; political, religious, and criminal profiles of; strategic options for engaging; suicide terrorists; victims of
T-group (training group)
Theory of relative deprivation
Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Style Inventory
THRIL technique
Time series analysis: description of; emic quantitative and qualitative
Time-out
Times Square bomb
The Tipping Point (Gladwell)
Top-down power
Toward a Nonkilling Paradigm (Pim)
Tract 2 diplomacy
Training. See Conflict resolution training
Transformative mediation
Transgender. See LGBTQ community
Transparency, illusion of
Trust: characterizing relationships based on elements of; definition of; differing perspectives on; fundamental difference between distrust and; gradual development of mutual; hostage negotiation and historical gestures and; hostage posting strategy to rebuild; implications for managing conflict; implications of relationships and distrust and; negotiating with terrorists and issue of; of new relationships; relationships as containing elements of both distrust and; repairing broken; trust and betrayal theory on; what happens when it is violated; why it is critical to relationships
Trust and betrayal theory
Trust forms: calculus-based trust (CBT); identification-based trust (IBT)
Truth: changing collective memories and moving toward shared views of history and; as essential for survivors; establishing the complex
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)
Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement
Turkish-Greek conflict: Burton’s human needs theory developed during the; emotional incremental beliefs on; political action tendencies
Twitter

U

Ubuntu (indigenous knowledge)
Uganda
UN Economic Commission for Europe
UNESCO: Linguapax Program of the; study of indigenous conflict resolution approaches
Unexpected information
United Nations: UN Charter; UN Development Program; UN R2P (Responsibility to Protect) resolution; United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund
United States: approach to Syrian conflict by the; complementary movement pioneered at community level in the; National Urban League report on racial inequality in the; 9/11 and other terrorism attacks against the; SALT I negotiation process by the; SALT II negotiation process by the; Soviet Union-United States talks (1985–1987); Spanish-US base rights talks (1975–1976); US embassy hostages in Iran (1979)
Unity-in-diversity identity
Untouchables campaign (1924–1925)
Unwanted repetitive patterns (URPs)
US Department of Justice
US embassy hostages in Iran (1979)
US General Accounting Office
US Postal Service mediation program
US-Canada acid rain talks

V

Values: constructive conflict resolution; fallibility; human equality; of indigenous societies; nonviolence; reciprocity; shared community; of terrorist groups
Ventromedial frontal cortex (VMFC)
Victimizers: acknowledgment of suffering by; blanket pardons for Argentine disappearances; healing the wounds of all parties including the; as moral toward their own moral community; Rwandan genocidaires ; sense of injustice by; victim “identification with the aggressor” or
Victim-offender mediation
Victims of Groupthink: A Psychological Study of Foreign-Policy Decisions and Fiascoes (Janis)
Victims/survivors: acknowledgment of suffering by; of betrayed trust; establishing the complex truth for; healing the wounds of all parties including; humiliation of; “identification with the aggressor” by; “myths” that justify injustice against; perpetuating the conflict and taking the role of; selection for moral exclusion; sense of injustice by; of terrorism; understanding impact of violence on survivors, perpetrators, and bystanders. See also Forgiveness; Other
Violence: bullying; coordinating attention to long-term structural changes and short-term; defining; Geneva Conventions limitations on war-related; group conflict evolution into intense; healing psychological wounds of; implications for practice related to interventions for; moral exclusion permitted by culturally sanctioned; moral theories on aggression and violence; nonviolent actions employed against; nonviolent vs. violent responses to; normalization of hostility and; reconciliation and the prevention of new; Seville Statement on Violence; structural; understanding impact on survivors, perpetrators, and bystanders; violence and resistance response to. See also Aggression; Domestic violence; War
Violence interventions: conflict resolution programs to change behavior; deescalation; perspective taking; self-reflection
Violence theories: aggression and violence as frustration; biological; cultural theories of aggression and violence; personality; social learning and behavior
Volkan’s tree model of medical prevention

W

Walkaway position
“Wall Street game”
Wall Street Journal
Waorani people (Ecuador)
War: masculinized justifications for violence during; The realist paradigm of intractable conflict on; violence of civil wars; war model of communication. See also Genocide; International conflict; Iraq War; Peace systems; Peace-building practice; Violence
War without Violence (Shridharani)
Well’s taxonomy of group conflict: applied to the Pink Power organization; five levels of; joining the BART system with; providing a framework for understanding conflict
What Am I Feeling? (DeClaire)
What Makes Love Last? (Gottman and Silver)
White Like Me (Wise)
White Privilege Conference
Whole Scale Change
Whole school programs
Whole-Scale Interactive Events
Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? (Tatum)
Willpower: delay of gratification “marshmallow test” on; description of; essential preliminaries for self-regulation and; how hot reactions and the emotional brain impact; how to enable
Women: adapting to expected context of social roles; aggression related to sexualization of; “black widows” suicide terrorists among; evaluating and adapting conflict resolution style preferences of; female genital cutting; greater empathy of; honor ideologies and violence against; “honor killing” of; negotiating contracts; network access of; preference for conflict resolution strategy by; questions on negotiation not yet answered about; social dominance orientation (SDO) levels in; strategies to improve negotiation outcomes of; wage gap experienced by. See also Gender differences
Work design methods
Working Group on ADR
Work-Out
Workplace: gender differences and contract negotiations; gender differences and negotiating boundaries in the
World Café
World Dignity University initiative
World Economic Forum
World Federation of Modern Language Teachers Association
World Health Organization

Z

ZOPA (zone of potential agreement)

SUBJECT INDEX

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Z